712:
720:'Shropshire Prune' (syn. 'Prune Damson', 'Long Damson', 'Damascene', 'Westmoreland Damson', 'Cheshire Damson') is a very old variety; its blue-purple, ovoid fruit has a distinctively "full rich astringent" flavour considered superior to other damsons, and it was thought particularly suitable for canning. Hogg states that this was the variety that became specifically associated with the old name "damascene". The local types often known as the "Westmoreland Damson" and "Cheshire Damson" are described as synonymous with the Shropshire Prune by the horticulturalist Harold Taylor and others. The Shropshire was also the best-known variety of damson in the United States.
847:
67:
588:
375:
49:
1825:
430:
described by Roman and Greek authors of late antiquity has more of the character of a sweet dessert plum, not fitting well to the damson plum. Remnants of damsons are sometimes found during archaeological digs of ancient Roman camps across
England, and they have clearly been cultivated, and consumed,
554:
could find no documentary evidence within the dyeing industry that damsons were ever a source of dye, noting that use of natural dyes declined rapidly after the 1850s, and concluded that "there seems no evidence that damsons were used extensively or techniques developed". The main recorded use of
494:
commented that "the Damson seems to be a fruit peculiar to
England. We do not meet with it abroad, nor is any mention of it made in any of the pomological works or nurseryman's catalogues on the Continent". As time progressed, a distinction developed between the varieties known as "damascenes" and
880:, are often made from whole fruit. Most cooks then remove the stones, but others, either in order not to lose any of the pulp or because they believe the flavour is better, leave the stones in the final product. A limited number of damson stones left in jam is supposed to impart a subtle
604:
The main characteristic of the damson is its distinctive rich flavour; unlike other plums it is both high in sugars and highly astringent. The fruit of the damson can also be identified by its shape, which is usually ovoid and slightly pointed at one end, or pyriform; its smooth-textured
490:, occur across Europe and the word "damson" is sometimes used to refer to them in English, but many of the English varieties from which the name "damson" was originally taken have both a different typical flavour and pear-shaped (pyriform) appearance compared with continental forms.
787:'Blue Violet' originated in Westmoreland (likely as a hybrid or development of 'Shropshire Prune') and was first sent to the National Fruit Trials in the 1930s. An early variety, fruiting in August, it was long thought to have been lost but a few trees were discovered in the
555:
damsons in the industrial era was in commercial jam-making, and orchards were widespread until the Second World War, after which changing tastes, the effect of wartime sugar rationing, and the relatively high cost of
British-grown fruit caused a steep decline.
776:
in 1907. The tree's parentage is unknown; it has leaves well above the size of other damsons, and is thought to have at least some culinary plum ancestry. The fruit is deep blue, large, and noticeably sweet when ripe, although having genuine damson
574:
than other
European plum varieties; many of the earliest references to European plums in American gardens concern the damson. A favourite of early colonists, the tree has escaped from gardens and can be found growing wild in states such as
837:
markets under the name of "white damson". Bullaces can usually be distinguished from damsons by their spherical shape, relatively smooth stones, and poorer flavour, and generally ripen up to a month later in the year than damsons.
794:'Common Damson' (syn. 'Small Round Damson') was a traditional cultivar with small, black fruit, being probably very close to wild specimens. It had a mealy texture and acid flavour, and by the 1940s it was no longer planted.
873:. Some varieties of damson, however, such as "Merryweather", are sweet enough to eat directly from the tree, and most are palatable raw if allowed to fully ripen. They can also be pickled, canned, or otherwise preserved.
533:
There is a body of anecdotal evidence that damsons were used in the
British dye and cloth manufacturing industries in the 18th and 19th centuries, with examples occurring in every major damson-growing area
474:. Despite this, tests on cherry plums and damsons have indicated that it is possible that the damson developed directly from forms of sloe, perhaps via the round-fruited varieties known as
822:
Although the majority of damson varieties are blue-black or purple in colour, there are at least two now-rare forms of "white damson", both having green or yellow-green skin. The
707:, who had given it to Crittenden. It has small, roundish, black fruit, with a blue bloom, and is a very heavy bearer. Its heavy cropping led to it being widely planted in England.
642:
The tree blossoms with small, white flowers in early April in the
Northern hemisphere and fruit is harvested from late August to September or October, depending on the cultivar.
784:, and has roundish fruit with a chalky bloom. The small, red-purple clingstone damsons ripen as early as mid-August: they have juicy flesh but lack "true damson flavour".
961:, 1755, p. 532). Later expanded editions also distinguish between "damascene" and "damson", the latter being described as "smaller and a peculiar bitter or roughness".
639:
cannot be successfully dried. Most individual damson varieties can be conclusively identified by examining the fruit's stone, which varies in shape, size and texture.
627:
can have purple, yellow or red skin). Most damsons are of the "clingstone" type, where the flesh adheres to the stone. The damson is broadly similar to the semi-wild
765:
late-season variety, making a vigorous and spreading tree with foliage that turns a distinctive yellow in autumn. It was first distributed by
Bradley & Sons of
510:. Elsewhere damsons were used in orchards to protect less hardy trees, though orchards entirely composed of damson trees were a feature of some areas, notably the
635:, which is a smaller but invariably round plum with purple or yellowish-green skin. Damsons generally have a deeply furrowed stone, unlike bullaces, and unlike
1767:
671:
recording no more than "eight or nine varieties" in existence at the end of the 19th century; some are self-fertile and can reproduce from seed as well as by
502:
In addition to providing fruit, the damson makes a tough hedge or windbreak, and it became the favoured hedging tree in certain parts of the country such as
806:, was never definitely identified but generally known as the Armagh damson; its fruit were particularly well regarded for canning. Local types of English
597:
1829:
758:, where it was raised by head gardener Thomas Ingram. It described as having sweet, round-oval, purplish black fruit, which ripen in early September.
1807:
826:
has accessions of the "White Damson (Sergeant)" and the larger "White Damson (Taylor)", both of which may first have been mentioned in the 1620s.
665:
have been selected, and some are found in Great
Britain, Ireland and the United States. There are still relatively few varieties of damson, with
2183:
1567:
747:, the Aylesbury Prune was one of the parents of the culinary plum 'Laxton's Cropper'. Although orchards of the Aylesbury Prune are now rare,
715:
Shropshire Damson, shown at centre left. Other plums shown are
Imperial Gage (labelled 1), Lombard (3), Maynard (4) and Yellow Egg (5).
1323:
1293:
2399:
2105:
1805:
Woldring, H. (1998). "On the origin of plums: a study of sloe, damson, cherry plums, domestic plums and their intermediate forms".
2451:
2412:
2157:
2118:
1863:
945:, in "Multilingual multiscript plant names database, University of Melbourne. Plantnames.unimelb.edu.au. Retrieved on 2012-01-01.
711:
2425:
857:
The skin of the damson can have a very tart flavour, particularly when unripe (the term "damson" is often used to describe red
2456:
2162:
918:
was once common in
England: a 19th-century reference said that "good damson wine is, perhaps, the nearest approach to good
1955:
2360:
2092:
1742:
1256:
865:
plummy flavours). The fruit is therefore most often used for cooking, and is commercially grown for preparation in
2188:
1778:
495:
the (usually smaller) types called "damsons", to the degree that by 1891 they were the subject of a lawsuit when a
1579:
1555:
1012:
2561:
2438:
2144:
1648:
1636:
727:, 'Aylesbury Prune' (syn. 'Bucks Prune', 'Michaelmas Prune') is a semi-wild plum of damson type from the area of
876:
Because damson stones may be difficult and time-consuming to separate from the flesh, preserves, such as jam or
66:
2237:
1734:
1687:
1593:
British food facts & figures, 1986: a comprehensive guide to British agricultural and horticultural produce
2492:
772:'Merryweather' is a popular 20th century cultivar, introduced by the firm of Henry Merryweather & Sons of
2170:
2430:
2391:
2378:
2352:
2347:
2324:
2058:
2053:
2040:
1856:
1624:
1608:
676:
2487:
2417:
2305:
2232:
2123:
1353:
1058:
773:
1050:
2571:
2566:
2466:
2198:
823:
703:
claimed that the original seedling had been found by a Mr. Herbert, the tenant of a market garden in
426:
and the north and west European damson is rather tenuous despite the adoption of the older name. The
740:
571:
24:
2556:
2386:
1752:
1062:
491:
31:
769:
in around 1880. The medium to large, obovoid purple fruit is relatively sweet with dryish flesh.
2373:
1994:
1849:
938:
766:
242:
217:
1929:
1248:
780:'Early Rivers', registered in 1871, was raised by Rivers' Nursery from a seed of the variety
680:
20:
2211:
1966:
1937:
739:. It is relatively large-fruited and was considered by growers to have a high resistance to
2581:
699:, where it was raised by James Crittenden in the early 19th century. An 1871 letter to the
667:
591:
Comparison of plum stones: Shropshire damson shown top row, second from left (no. 2). From
1331:
1301:
986:
402:, "plum of Damascus". One commonly stated theory is that damsons were first cultivated in
8:
1756:
567:
440:
172:
2523:
2258:
1042:
688:
330:
61:
2206:
2066:
1738:
1252:
559:
467:
2224:
454:
is still debatable: it is often thought to have arisen in wild crosses, possibly in
2528:
2263:
2071:
1949:
623:
550:
army uniforms are particularly common. However, a 2005 report for conservancy body
293:
258:
190:
2329:
2316:
2045:
2032:
2576:
2551:
2515:
2474:
2290:
1662:
Fruits and Fruit-Trees, Home and Foreign. an Index to the Kinds Valued in Britain
957:
equates "damascene" and "damson" and for "damask plum" simply states "see Plum" (
870:
811:
762:
754:'Frogmore' is a cultivar first grown in the 19th century in the Royal Gardens at
728:
535:
496:
403:
362:
349:
334:
104:
2175:
2219:
1908:
1244:
954:
899:
884:
flavour, though as with all plums damson stones contain the cyagenic glycoside
846:
748:
592:
551:
543:
432:
91:
2545:
2365:
2097:
2021:
1977:
911:
799:
788:
744:
692:
356:. The name "mountain damson" or "bitter damson" was also formerly applied in
322:
238:
2505:
2250:
1544:
Apples and Pears: Report of the Royal Horticultural Society Conference 1983
1374:
The orchard and fruit garden: a new pomona of hardy and sub-tropical fruits
1089:
1074:
877:
419:
2479:
499:
grocer complained about being supplied one when he had ordered the other.
2339:
2299:
2131:
691:'Crittenden's Prolific', 'Strood Cluster') is named after the village of
645:
Damsons do take a long time to bear fruit, as the ancient rhyme has it:-
515:
511:
1758:
The Fruit Manual: a Guide to the Fruits and Fruit Trees of Great Britain
2404:
2110:
1731:
The Common Ground book of orchards: Conservation, Culture and Community
915:
891:
519:
503:
455:
587:
526:, and indeed damsons were the only plum planted commercially north of
321:
is derived from and most commonly applied to forms that are native to
2136:
2079:
1913:
1903:
1049:, named for the city of Damascus from which it was first imported" –
919:
907:
885:
850:
732:
675:. The cultivars 'Farleigh Damson' and 'Prune Damson' have gained the
374:
353:
1988:
1713:
The Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman
48:
2500:
2284:
2245:
2015:
1918:
898:, although less sugar is necessary as the damsons are sweeter than
895:
755:
736:
724:
672:
662:
539:
523:
407:
150:
117:
2443:
2149:
2084:
333:
taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in
1893:
1728:
1478:
1144:
830:
803:
628:
563:
527:
478:, and that the cherry plum did not play a role in its parentage.
475:
431:
for centuries. Damson stones have been found in an excavation in
415:
357:
140:
1841:
1888:
1874:
1824:
881:
862:
834:
704:
618:
606:
160:
130:
743:, although was reputed to be poor for canning. Along with the
723:
Similar to the Shropshire Prune and possibly part of the same
1923:
1053:. The Greek writer Oribasius (died c. 400 AD) has δαμάσκηνον
858:
807:
636:
610:
576:
547:
411:
326:
306:
78:
1133:
The Glutton's Glossary: A Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms
696:
614:
507:
459:
436:
310:
276:
1685:
814:'Old Pruin', are sometimes described as damson varieties.
1045:(died 636) wrote in Latin: "The best type of plum is the
866:
338:
305:), also archaically called the "damascene", is an edible
267:
922:
that we have in England. No currant wine can equal it".
570:. It was regarded as thriving better in the continental
621:
to near-black depending on the variety (other types of
1233:
Forgotten fruit: the English orchard and fruit garden
1158:
Bulletin of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
279:
273:
999:
Bowerbank, "The Commercial Quassia, or Bitterwood",
264:
761:'King of the Damsons' (syn. 'Bradley's King') is a
598:
Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
270:
261:
1065:, but not fitting well to the damson plum as such.
1688:"Biodiversity of Yeasts During Plum Fermentation"
751:District Council has made efforts to conserve it.
2543:
1549:
1358:Journal of horticulture and practical gardening
853:is a distilled beverage made from damson plums.
701:Journal of horticulture and practical gardening
1651:, National Fruit Collection, accessed 05-09-12
1639:, National Fruit Collection, accessed 05-09-12
1103:
1101:
906:varieties similar to damsons are used to make
1857:
969:
967:
329:plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat
1527:
1525:
613:flesh; and its skin, which ranges from dark
422:. The historical link between the Roman-era
1595:, British Farm Produce Council, 1986, p.151
1585:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1262:
1212:
1209:, University of Virginia Press, 1998, p.108
1098:
1038:
1036:
482:plums of various sorts, such as the German
1864:
1850:
1729:Common Ground Editorial Committee (2000).
1509:
1496:
1459:
1368:
1366:
1225:
964:
382:The name damson comes from Middle English
47:
1711:"Damson Wine", in Hogg and Johnson (eds)
1654:
1573:
1522:
1274:
1095:, Cambridge University Press, 1984, p.197
546:). Stories that damsons were used to dye
1804:
1765:
1479:Common Ground Editorial Committee (2000)
1421:
1379:
1268:
1207:The Fruits and Fruit Trees of Monticello
1199:
1193:
1181:
1169:
1145:Common Ground Editorial Committee (2000)
1107:
1083:
1033:
993:
973:
845:
710:
586:
373:
1484:
1396:
1363:
1113:
1068:
406:in the area around the ancient city of
2544:
1795:
1598:
1531:
1453:
1434:
1408:
1390:
1346:
948:
931:
798:A type of damson once widely grown in
352:, the fruit from a tree in the family
344:In South and Southeast Asia, the term
317:are found across Europe, but the name
1993:
1992:
1845:
1561:
1537:
2467:80dd1a25-7415-4d1a-a8fb-4585dd7106e7
2431:363694C8-D949-4E13-A177-568B3787460D
2199:658ca75e-bd4c-4032-8d14-7d7422eae143
1751:
1667:
1642:
1630:
1402:
1150:
1138:
1125:
1119:
959:A Dictionary of the English Language
1686:P. SATORA and T. TUSZYNSKI (2005).
1614:
558:The damson was introduced into the
13:
1705:
1570:, East of England Orchards Project
1472:
910:, a distilled plum spirit made in
582:
439:, and dated to the late period of
14:
2593:
2238:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2959566-4
1871:
1817:
2493:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:210801-2
1823:
1519:, C Scribner's Sons, 1926, p.113
1093:The History of the British Flora
398:, and ultimately from the Latin
257:
65:
1721:
1679:
1447:
1316:
1286:
1238:
1187:
1175:
1163:
894:is made in a similar manner to
817:
325:. Damsons are relatively small
1775:Wyre Forest Study Group Review
1006:
979:
829:To confuse matters, the White
542:, Westmorland, Shropshire and
1:
925:
656:
7:
1796:Taylor, H. V. (1949).
1625:Royal Horticultural Society
1609:Royal Horticultural Society
1582:, National Fruit Collection
1558:, National Fruit Collection
1491:Cassell's Popular Gardening
1467:The Fruit Grower's Handbook
1061:", actually meaning a plum
1028:@ Middle English Dictionary
677:Royal Horticultural Society
653:Plants for his grandsons."
414:, and were introduced into
309:fruit, a subspecies of the
10:
2598:
1504:Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits
1259:. Retrieved on 2012-01-01.
989:. Purdue University. 2006.
774:Southwell, Nottinghamshire
631:, also classified as ssp.
369:
29:
18:
2274:
2001:
1884:
1469:, Ward, Lock, 1949, p.185
1080:, Routledge, 2003, p.264.
1078:Food in the Ancient World
824:National Fruit Collection
223:
216:
62:Scientific classification
60:
55:
46:
41:
1695:Food Technol. Biotechnol
1568:Plums Gages and Cherries
1506:, Macmillan, 1922, p.199
1360:, Volume 20, (1871), 349
1235:, A. Deutsch, 1983, p.77
833:was in the past sold in
410:, capital of modern-day
25:Chrysophyllum oliviforme
19:Not to be confused with
1637:White Damson (Sergeant)
1135:, Routledge, 1990, p.94
841:
32:Damson (disambiguation)
2562:Flora of Great Britain
1768:"Damsons & dyeing"
1733:. Toller Fratrum, UK:
1715:, v.III NS (1862), 264
1444:, Macdonald, 1969, p.4
1376:, Longmans, 1961, p.48
1324:"RHS Plant Selector –
1294:"RHS Plant Selector –
1156:"Plums and Cherries",
854:
716:
651:He who plants damsons
601:
379:
1766:Stephens, B. (2006).
1649:White Damson (Taylor)
1418:, vol. 148 (1960), 97
1160:v119, (1948), HMSO, 4
849:
714:
681:Award of Garden Merit
649:Plants for his sons.
647:"He who plants plums
590:
377:
21:Terminalia microcarpa
1838:at Wikimedia Commons
1798:The Plums of England
1676:, Vol XX (1945), 204
1416:Gardeners' chronicle
566:settlers before the
446:The exact origin of
348:sometimes refers to
30:For other uses, see
1926:(including Plumcot)
1621:The fruit year book
1580:Damson Early Rivers
1556:Damson Merryweather
1372:Hyams and Jackson,
1220:Wild trees of Idaho
1057:literally meaning "
687:'Farleigh Damson' (
568:American Revolution
441:Anglo-Saxon England
400:(prunum) damascenum
313:tree. Varieties of
1811:. 39, 40: 535–562.
1546:, RHS, 1984, p. 85
1304:on 4 November 2013
1298:'Farleigh Damson'"
1283:, v.49 (1896), 432
1043:Isidore of Seville
855:
717:
602:
380:
2539:
2538:
2207:Open Tree of Life
2003:Prunus domestica
1995:Taxon identifiers
1986:
1985:
1828:Media related to
1429:Home Fruit Grower
1222:, UIP, 1995, p.78
560:American colonies
472:Prunus cerasifera
249:
248:
191:P. domestica
2589:
2572:Plant subspecies
2567:Flora of Ireland
2532:
2531:
2519:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2496:
2495:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2394:
2382:
2381:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2320:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2306:Prunus insititia
2295:
2294:
2293:
2276:Prunus insititia
2267:
2266:
2254:
2253:
2241:
2240:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2176:NBNSYS0000003415
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2074:
2062:
2061:
2049:
2048:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1961:Prunus americana
1950:Prunus domestica
1877:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1831:Prunus domestica
1827:
1812:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1777:. Archived from
1772:
1762:
1748:
1716:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1674:Food Manufacture
1671:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1618:
1612:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1520:
1517:The fruit garden
1513:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1334:on 7 August 2013
1330:. Archived from
1326:Prunus insititia
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1300:. Archived from
1296:Prunus insititia
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1251:. Expert Books.
1249:The fruit expert
1242:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1066:
1040:
1031:
1010:
1004:
1003:, II (1862), 251
1001:The Technologist
997:
991:
990:
983:
977:
971:
962:
952:
946:
935:
912:Slavic countries
624:Prunus domestica
448:Prunus domestica
303:Prunus insititia
294:Prunus domestica
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
233:
227:Prunus domestica
177:
70:
69:
51:
39:
38:
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2478:
2475:Observation.org
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2262:
2257:
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2218:
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2205:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1820:
1815:
1787:
1785:
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1770:
1745:
1724:
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1690:
1684:
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1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
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1619:
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1603:
1599:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1523:
1515:Macself, A. J.
1514:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1364:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1328:'Prune Damson'"
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1269:Woldring (1998)
1267:
1263:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1218:Johnson, F. D.
1217:
1213:
1204:
1200:
1194:Stephens (2006)
1192:
1188:
1182:Stephens (2006)
1180:
1176:
1170:Stephens (2006)
1168:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1108:Woldring (1998)
1106:
1099:
1088:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1041:
1034:
1011:
1007:
998:
994:
985:
984:
980:
974:Woldring (1998)
972:
965:
953:
949:
936:
932:
928:
871:fruit preserves
844:
820:
812:Gloucestershire
763:Nottinghamshire
729:Buckinghamshire
659:
652:
650:
648:
646:
585:
583:Characteristics
536:Buckinghamshire
497:Nottinghamshire
484:Kriechenpflaume
372:
363:Simarouba amara
335:fruit preserves
301:, or sometimes
260:
256:
245:
235:
225:
212:
194:
175:
64:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:Plum cultigens
2554:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:wfo-0000983763
2520:
2510:
2497:
2484:
2471:
2461:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2344:
2334:
2321:
2311:
2296:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:wfo-0001018364
2255:
2242:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2128:
2115:
2102:
2089:
2076:
2063:
2050:
2037:
2027:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1964:
1957:Prunus persica
1953:
1946:
1935:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1819:
1818:External links
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:Palaeohistoria
1802:
1793:
1763:
1749:
1743:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1704:
1678:
1666:
1660:Grindon, L.H.
1653:
1641:
1629:
1613:
1597:
1591:MacCarthy, D.
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1521:
1508:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1458:
1446:
1440:Duggan, J. B.
1433:
1420:
1414:Fraser, H. in
1407:
1395:
1378:
1362:
1345:
1315:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1245:D. G. Hessayon
1237:
1224:
1211:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1149:
1137:
1124:
1112:
1097:
1090:Godwin, Sir H.
1082:
1067:
1051:Ref (in Latin)
1032:
1005:
992:
978:
963:
955:Samuel Johnson
947:
937:M. H. Porcher
929:
927:
924:
861:with rich yet
843:
840:
819:
816:
796:
795:
792:
785:
778:
770:
759:
752:
749:Aylesbury Vale
721:
709:
708:
658:
655:
593:Charles Darwin
584:
581:
552:English Nature
544:Worcestershire
464:Prunus spinosa
458:, between the
378:Damson flowers
371:
368:
247:
246:
236:
221:
220:
218:Trinomial name
214:
213:
202:
200:
196:
195:
188:
186:
182:
181:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2388:
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2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1784:on 2015-09-10
1780:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1744:9781870364218
1740:
1736:
1735:Common Ground
1732:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1701:(3): 277–282.
1700:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1534:, p. 114
1533:
1532:Taylor (1949)
1528:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1456:, p. 102
1455:
1454:Taylor (1949)
1450:
1443:
1437:
1431:, 1918, p.175
1430:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1405:, p. 250
1404:
1399:
1392:
1391:Taylor (1949)
1387:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1354:Thomas Rivers
1349:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1282:
1277:
1271:, p. 548
1270:
1265:
1258:
1257:0-903505-31-2
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1231:Greenoak, F.
1228:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1122:, p. 695
1121:
1116:
1110:, p. 535
1109:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1002:
996:
988:
982:
976:, p. 538
975:
970:
968:
960:
956:
951:
944:
942:
934:
930:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
848:
839:
836:
832:
827:
825:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:County Armagh
793:
790:
789:Lake District
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:
764:
760:
757:
753:
750:
746:
745:Victoria plum
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:
718:
713:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:East Farleigh
690:
686:
685:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
669:
664:
654:
643:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
600:
599:
594:
589:
580:
578:
573:
572:United States
569:
565:
561:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
376:
367:
365:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Great Britain
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:
290:
284:
254:
244:
240:
234:
232:
228:
222:
219:
215:
211:
210:
206:
201:
198:
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:Tracheophytes
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
56:Ripe damsons
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
26:
22:
2275:
2002:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1898:
1873:
1834:
1830:
1806:
1797:
1786:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1774:
1757:
1753:Hogg, Robert
1730:
1722:Bibliography
1712:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1664:, 1885, p.71
1661:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1623:, 4 (1950),
1620:
1616:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1502:Hedrick, U.
1498:
1493:, vol I, 275
1490:
1486:
1481:, p. 71
1474:
1466:
1465:Bagenal, N.
1461:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1415:
1410:
1398:
1393:, p. 71
1373:
1357:
1352:Letter from
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1332:the original
1325:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1295:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1264:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1196:, p. 53
1189:
1184:, p. 55
1177:
1172:, p. 52
1165:
1157:
1152:
1147:, p. 32
1140:
1132:
1127:
1115:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1054:
1046:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1000:
995:
981:
958:
950:
940:
933:
903:
890:
878:fruit butter
875:
856:
828:
821:
818:White damson
810:such as the
797:
781:
777:astringency.
700:
666:
660:
644:
641:
632:
622:
603:
596:
557:
532:
501:
487:
483:
479:
471:
463:
451:
447:
445:
427:
423:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
381:
361:
360:to the tree
345:
343:
318:
314:
302:
298:
292:
288:
252:
250:
243:C.K.Schneid.
230:
226:
224:
208:
204:
203:
199:Subspecies:
189:
173:
161:
124:
111:
98:
85:
36:
16:Edible fruit
2582:Fruit trees
2300:Wikispecies
2132:iNaturalist
1800:. Lockwood.
1442:Fruit Crops
1403:Hogg (1884)
1120:Hogg (1884)
916:Damson wine
888:, a toxin.
741:silver leaf
735:centred on
520:Teme Valley
516:Westmorland
512:Lyth Valley
492:Robert Hogg
468:cherry plum
346:damson plum
289:damson plum
105:Angiosperms
2546:Categories
2220:Plant List
1788:2012-08-27
1605:The Garden
1427:Kains, M.
1281:The Garden
1205:Hatch, P.
1055:damaskenon
987:"Jambolan"
926:References
892:Damson gin
869:and other
782:St Etienne
668:The Garden
504:Shropshire
486:or French
466:, and the
456:Asia Minor
428:damascenum
424:damascenum
331:astringent
307:drupaceous
231:insititia
205:P. d.
2392:200011158
2379:200011158
2291:Q10878191
2007:insititia
1972:yedoensis
1943:dasycarpa
1914:Nectaplum
1909:Mirabelle
1904:Greengage
1835:insititia
1607:, v.132,
1131:Ayto, J.
1075:Dalby, A.
1059:Damascene
1047:Damascena
1014:Damascene
939:"Sorting
908:slivovitz
904:Insititia
886:amygdalin
851:Slivovitz
733:Berkshire
663:cultivars
657:Cultivars
633:insititia
480:Insititia
452:insititia
404:antiquity
384:damascene
354:Myrtaceae
315:insititia
299:insititia
209:insititia
185:Species:
169:Section:
75:Kingdom:
2513:VASCAN:
2506:27803465
2501:Tropicos
2444:210801-2
2337:BioLib:
2285:Wikidata
2251:27800333
2246:Tropicos
2150:160882-3
2016:Wikidata
1978:Victoria
1933:'Climax'
1919:Peacotum
1755:(1884).
896:sloe gin
791:in 2007.
756:Frogmore
737:Ivinghoe
725:landrace
673:grafting
661:Several
540:Cheshire
524:Malverns
518:and the
488:quetsche
476:bullaces
408:Damascus
388:damesene
350:jamblang
151:Rosaceae
147:Family:
118:Eudicots
2405:3022289
2225:rjp-922
2111:3023655
2022:Q149195
1894:Bullace
1872:Hybrid
1833:subsp.
1247:(1991)
1018:damasin
831:Bullace
804:Ireland
629:bullace
564:English
528:Norfolk
522:in the
450:subsp.
433:Hungate
418:by the
416:England
392:damasin
370:History
358:Jamaica
297:subsp.
229:subsp.
207:subsp.
174:Prunus
157:Genus:
141:Rosales
137:Order:
79:Plantae
42:Damson
2577:Drupes
2552:Prunus
2480:507596
2464:NZOR:
2457:519653
2366:179703
2353:399923
2330:112677
2317:152755
2314:APDB:
2212:470233
2196:NZOR:
2189:114939
2163:526490
2098:180590
2059:436658
2046:219451
2033:152753
2030:APDB:
2005:subsp.
1968:Prunus
1939:Prunus
1931:Prunus
1899:Damson
1889:Aprium
1876:Prunus
1741:
1627:, p.44
1338:29 May
1308:29 May
1255:
1026:damson
1024:&
1022:damsin
943:names"
941:Prunus
882:almond
863:acidic
835:London
705:Strood
637:prunes
619:indigo
607:yellow
420:Romans
396:damsin
319:damson
253:damson
178:Prunus
162:Prunus
131:Rosids
2516:20267
2426:IFPNI
2418:30014
2361:EUNIS
2340:39512
2137:63728
2124:29889
2093:EUNIS
2085:PRNDT
2072:5KPHR
1924:Pluot
1782:(PDF)
1771:(PDF)
1691:(PDF)
1611:, 711
1063:(ref)
900:sloes
859:wines
808:prune
767:Halam
611:green
577:Idaho
548:khaki
412:Syria
327:ovoid
287:) or
176:sect.
125:Clade
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