4657:, created an alternative runtime and standard library named Tango. The first public Tango announcement came within days of D 1.0's release. Tango adopted a different programming style, embracing OOP and high modularity. Being a community-led project, Tango was more open to contributions, which allowed it to progress faster than the official standard library. At that time, Tango and Phobos were incompatible due to different runtime support APIs (the garbage collector, threading support, etc.). This made it impossible to use both libraries in the same project. The existence of two libraries, both widely in use, has led to significant dispute due to some packages using Phobos and others using Tango.
6158:
8125:
197:
106:
423:
4771:. The DMD frontend is shared by GDC (now in GCC) and LDC, to improve compatibility between compilers. Initially the frontend was written in C++, but now most of it is written in D itself (self-hosting). The backend and machine code optimizers are based on the Symantec compiler. At first it supported only 32-bit x86, with support added for 64-bit amd64 and PowerPC by Walter Bright. Later the backend and almost the entire compiler was ported from C++ to D for full self-hosting.
8644:
5855:
5107:
25:
4781:, merged GDC into GCC 9 on 29 October 2018. The first working versions of GDC with GCC, based on GCC 3.3 and GCC 3.4 on 32-bit x86 on Linux and macOS was released on 22 March 2004. Since then GDC has gained support for additional platforms, improved performance, and fixed bugs, while tracking upstream DMD code for the frontend and language specification.
3566:
As long as memory management is properly taken care of, many other languages can be mixed with D in a single binary. For example, the GDC compiler allows to link and intermix C, C++, and other supported language codes such as
Objective-C. D code (functions) can also be marked as using C, C++, Pascal
2948:
directly, or implementing custom allocator schemes (i.e. on stack with fallback, RAII style allocation, reference counting, shared reference counting). Garbage collection can be controlled: programmers may add and exclude memory ranges from being observed by the collector, can disable and enable the
501:
D is a general-purpose systems programming language with a C-like syntax that compiles to native code. It is statically typed and supports both automatic (garbage collected) and manual memory management. D programs are structured as modules that can be compiled separately and linked with external
3578:
Because many other programming languages often provide the C API for writing extensions or running the interpreter of the languages, D can interface directly with these languages as well, using standard C bindings (with a thin D interface file). For example, there are bi-directional bindings for
5838:
The lack of transparency, agility and predictability in the process of getting corrections of known flaws and errors incorporated, and the difficulty of introducing minor and major changes to the D language, is imminently described in a blog post article by a former contributor. The apparent
3034:
The current mechanisms in place primarily deal with function parameters and stack memory however it is a stated ambition of the leadership of the programming language to provide a more thorough treatment of lifetimes within the D programming language (influenced by ideas from
2987:
keyword can be used both to annotate parts of code, but also variables and classes/structs, to indicate they should be destroyed (destructor called) immediately on scope exit. Whatever the memory is deallocated also depends on implementation and class-vs-struct differences.
2979:
in C), to allocate memory on the stack. The returned pointer can be used (recast) into a (typed) dynamic array, by means of a slice (however resizing array, including appending must be avoided; and for obvious reasons they must not be returned from the function).
4645:
started working on a new language in 1999. D was first released in
December 2001 and reached version 1.0 in January 2007. The first version of the language (D1) concentrated on the imperative, object oriented and metaprogramming paradigms, similar to C++.
4660:
In June 2007, the first version of D2 was released. The beginning of D2's development signaled D1's stabilization. The first version of the language has been placed in maintenance, only receiving corrections and implementation bugfixes. D2 introduced
2051:
Concurrency is fully implemented in the library, and it does not require support from the compiler. Alternative implementations and methodologies of writing concurrent code are possible. The use of D typing system does help ensure memory safety.
721:
Imperative programming in D is almost identical to that in C. Functions, data, statements, declarations and expressions work just as they do in C, and the C runtime library may be accessed directly. On the other hand, unlike C, D's
4677:, and support for the functional and concurrent programming paradigms. D2 also solved standard library problems by separating the runtime from the standard library. The completion of a D2 Tango port was announced in February 2012.
3237:
Parameter may be returned or copied to the first parameter, but otherwise does not escape from the function. Such copies are required not to outlive the argument(s) they were derived from. Ignored for parameters with no references
2949:
collector and force either a generational or full collection cycle. The manual gives many examples of how to implement different highly optimized memory management schemes for when garbage collection is inadequate in a program.
5699:
for example. This feature is called UFCS (Uniform
Function Call Syntax), and allows extending any built-in or third party package types with method-like functionality. The style of writing code like this is often referenced as
1656:
Parallel programming concepts are implemented in the library, and do not require extra support from the compiler. However the D type system and compiler ensure that data sharing can be detected and managed transparently.
3010:
are checked at compile time to ensure that they do not use any features, such as pointer arithmetic and unchecked casts, that could result in corruption of memory. Any other functions called must also be marked as
4831:
as its compiler back-end. It is written in D and uses a scheduler to handle symbol resolution in order to elegantly handle the compile-time features of D. This compiler currently supports a limited subset of the
4737:. On 7 April 2017, the whole compiler was made available under the Boost license after Symantec gave permission to re-license the back-end, too. On 21 June 2017, the D Language was accepted for inclusion in GCC.
1813:
which can be used for dynamic creation of parallel tasks, as well as map-filter-reduce and fold style operations on ranges (and arrays), which is useful when combined with functional operations.
4698:
In
December 2011, Andrei Alexandrescu announced that D1, the first version of the language, would be discontinued on 31 December 2012. The final D1 release, D v1.076, was on 31 December 2012.
2960:
instances by default allocated on the heap (with only reference to the class instance being on the stack). However this can be changed for classes, for example using standard library template
3031:
Initially under the banners of DIP1000 and DIP25 (now part of the language specification), D provides protections against certain ill-formed constructions involving the lifetimes of data.
1092:
only if necessary (for example, if a closure is returned by another function, and exits that function's scope). When using type inference, the compiler will also add attributes such as
3571:. Similarly data can be interchanged between the codes written in these languages in both ways. This usually restricts use to primitive types, pointers, some forms of arrays,
2690:
In the following two examples, the template and function defined above are used to compute factorials. The types of constants need not be specified explicitly as the compiler
2575:, D's compile-time conditional construct, is demonstrated to construct a template that performs the same calculation using code that is similar to that of the function above:
1084:, the surrounding ‘environment’, which contains the current local variables. Type inference may be used with an anonymous function, in which case the compiler creates a
2856:
String mixins, combined with compile-time function execution, allow for the generation of D code using string operations at compile time. This can be used to parse
35:
2467:
Templates in D can be written in a more imperative style compared to the C++ functional style for templates. This is a regular function that calculates the
904:, which separate common functionality from the inheritance hierarchy. D also allows the defining of static and final (non-virtual) methods in interfaces.
4525:
option may call into code compiled with it: this will, however, lead to slightly different behaviours due to differences in how C and D handle asserts.
1088:
unless it can prove that an environment pointer is not necessary. Likewise, to implement a closure, the compiler places enclosed local variables on the
3023:
for the cases where the compiler cannot distinguish between safe use of a feature that is disabled in SafeD and a potential case of memory corruption.
2930:, but specific objects may be finalized immediately when they go out of scope. This is what the majority of programs and libraries written in D use.
8171:
908:
7964:
5077:
debugger for Linux has experimental support for the D language. Ddbg can be used with various IDEs or from the command line; ZeroBUGS has its own
1488:
Alternatively, the above function compositions can be expressed using
Uniform function call syntax (UFCS) for more natural left-to-right reading:
8720:
8715:
8705:
5679:
are string functions that D allows the use of with a method syntax. The name of such functions are often similar to Python string methods. The
8700:
6833:
4534:
Unrestricted use of compile-time features (for example, D's dynamic allocation features can be used at compile time to pre-allocate D data)
1817:
returns a lazily evaluated range rather than an array. This way, the elements are computed by each worker task in parallel automatically.
50:
8680:
6803:
5715:
is an std.algorithm function that sorts the array in place, creating a unique signature for words that are anagrams of each other. The
5330:
The following shows several D capabilities and D design trade-offs in a short program. It iterates over the lines of a text file named
8735:
8710:
8695:
893:
972:. There are two syntaxes for anonymous functions, including a multiple-statement form and a "shorthand" single-expression notation:
8690:
7623:
6203:
8725:
8675:
5058:, although support for various D-specific language features is extremely limited. On Windows, D programs can be debugged using
3548:
is supported, as well as all of C's fundamental and derived types, enabling direct access to existing C code and libraries. D
8100:
8074:(distributed under CC-BY-NC-SA license). This book teaches programming to novices, but covers many advanced D topics as well.
8040:
4836:
Using above compilers and toolchains, it is possible to compile D programs to target many different architectures, including
2927:
550:
896:
hierarchy, with all classes derived from class Object. D does not support multiple inheritance; instead, it uses Java-style
8164:
2994:
contains a modular and composable allocator templates, to create custom high performance allocators for special use cases.
2933:
In case more control over memory layout and better performance is needed, explicit memory management is possible using the
7120:
445:
301:
118:
8484:
7851:
6103:
4937:
515:
with C and C++ source code in general. However, any code that is legal in both C and D should behave in the same way.
8648:
5150:
4791:
as its compiler back-end. The first release-quality version was published on 9 January 2009. It supports version 2.0.
72:
5132:
4521:
may only call into D code compiled under the same flag (and linked code other than D) but code compiled without the
8685:
5093:
is a popular package and build manager for D applications and libraries, and is often integrated into IDE support.
7872:
7068:
2726:(CTFE). Ordinary functions may be used in constant, compile-time expressions provided they meet certain criteria:
8465:
8374:
8157:
8060:
3568:
2723:
685:
647:
527:
471:
54:
3609:
The vtable shall be matched up to single inheritance (the only level supported by the D language specification).
8670:
8583:
7492:
5628:
is a built-in associative array that maps dstring (32-bit / char) keys to arrays of dstrings. It is similar to
5117:
4810:
4670:
1112:
732:, which are functions that are declared inside another function, and which may access the enclosing function's
600:
596:
487:
411:
354:
5062:, or Microsoft debugging tools (WinDBG and Visual Studio), after having converted the debug information using
7829:
5633:
3580:
491:
479:
366:
358:
7251:
2971:
In functions, static arrays (of known size) are allocated on the stack. For dynamic arrays, one can use the
8603:
8555:
7764:
6998:
5812:
5334:, which contains a different word on each line, and prints all the words that are anagrams of other words.
5070:
4806:
3545:
1116:
655:
577:
383:
7667:
8613:
8598:
8304:
5860:
4945:
4912:
target (supported via LDC and LLVM) can operate in any WebAssembly environment, like modern web browser (
4695:. This has led to a significant increase in contributions to the compiler, runtime and standard library.
3036:
1108:
695:
651:
592:
483:
475:
448:
387:
379:
362:
188:
130:
6908:"GCC 9 Release Series — Changes, New Features, and Fixes - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
6302:
3587:
and other languages, often using compile-time code generation and compile-time type reflection methods.
8560:
8289:
7019:
4905:
4901:
4817:. The project has not been updated in years and the author indicated the project is not active anymore.
3584:
3553:
965:
519:
7159:
8608:
8314:
8211:
8206:
8201:
7986:
5792:
5785:
4514:". This subset forbids access to D features requiring use of runtime libraries other than that of C.
512:
407:
7809:"vibe.d - a high-performance asynchronous I/O, concurrency and web application toolkit written in D"
7786:
7645:
6401:
5059:
948:), to facilitate generic code or automatic code generation (usually using compile-time techniques).
8299:
8247:
8180:
5808:
5796:
5078:
3541:
2941:
2857:
611:
within standard D code. System programmers use this method to access the low-level features of the
346:
312:
6854:
6811:
6470:
6422:
5124:
5020:
are not yet available, though they do work partially in Code::Blocks (due to D's similarity to C).
4688:
on 12 June 2010, marked the stabilization of D2, which today is commonly referred to as just "D".
196:
42:
8451:
8426:
7116:
6932:
5128:
4778:
2765:
925:
which are automatically checked before and after entry to public methods, in accordance with the
665:
In D, text character strings are arrays of characters, and arrays in D are bounds-checked. D has
612:
86:
6644:
6157:
5298:
statement can iterate over any collection. In this case, it is producing a sequence of indexes (
3195:
When applied to function parameter which are either of pointer type or references, the keywords
8730:
8469:
8411:
7894:
6456:
6095:
5973:
4768:
4730:
4714:
3560:
957:
937:
705:
700:
470:, D is now a very different language. As it has developed, it has drawn inspiration from other
269:
126:
122:
8051:
7467:
6756:
6712:
466:
joined the design and development effort in 2007. Though it originated as a re-engineering of
6734:
6166:
5947:
5873:
1089:
969:
159:
6087:
5650:
property of arrays returns an immutable duplicate of the array, which is required since the
3051:
is checked to ensure that the lifetime of the assignee is longer than that of the assigned.
8431:
7319:
6353:
5040:
4726:
4722:
2934:
2464:, and string mixins. The following examples demonstrate some of D's compile-time features.
678:
643:
639:
628:
585:
573:
546:
451:
113:
5704:(especially when the objects used are lazily computed, for example iterators / ranges) or
426:
8:
8446:
8441:
8403:
8294:
5760:
refuses to sort it. There are more efficient ways to write this program using just UTF-8.
4941:
4681:
3227:
References in the parameter cannot be escaped. Ignored for parameters with no references
666:
659:
523:
463:
146:
8079:
591:
D is a systems programming language. Like C++, and unlike application languages such as
8512:
8277:
8242:
8124:
7180:
5804:
4998:
4989:
961:
933:
926:
554:
542:
276:
154:
90:
6247:
5687:
joins an array of strings into a single string using a single space as separator, and
5087:
is a tool for minimizing D source code, useful when finding compiler or tests issues.
5012:
IDE includes partial support for the language. However, standard IDE features such as
4517:
Enabled via the compiler flags "-betterC" on DMD and LDC, and "-fno-druntime" on GDC,
8345:
8340:
8309:
8252:
8096:
8036:
7486:
6665:
6484:
6099:
6088:
4957:
4733:. This re-licensed code excluded the back-end, which had been partially developed at
4666:
616:
608:
257:
7342:"rainers/visuald: Visual D - Visual Studio extension for the D programming language"
5914:
3143:// The lifetime of "bad" only extends to the scope in which it is defined.
6881:
6592:
5895:
5789:
5705:
4710:
4706:
4691:
In
January 2011, D development moved from a bugtracker / patch-submission basis to
4662:
4654:
3549:
915:
897:
620:
604:
264:
240:
6777:
4805:– A back-end for the D programming language 2.0 compiler. It compiles the code to
8456:
8416:
8324:
5800:
5730:
iterates on the values of the associative array, it is able to infer the type of
5701:
5074:
5013:
4917:
4814:
4650:
2457:
922:
729:
710:
569:
565:
557:
225:
137:
6193:
6179:
6119:
6058:
8629:
8474:
8436:
8362:
8262:
7569:
7366:
6527:
5815:, machine learning, text processing, web and application servers and research.
5769:
Notable organisations that use the D programming language for projects include
4921:
4734:
3048:
2691:
733:
531:
46:
7095:
6328:
5033:(as well as its text editor backend, Kate) autocompletion plugin is available.
105:
8664:
8532:
8522:
8461:
7046:
6553:
5819:
4977:
4913:
4718:
4674:
4642:
3003:
624:
615:
which are needed to run programs that interface directly with the underlying
561:
455:
422:
233:
229:
142:
6999:"BuildInstructionsPhobosDruntimeTrunk – ldc – D Programming Language – Trac"
5665:
operator appends a new dstring to the values of the associate dynamic array.
3190:
2874:// hypothetical module which contains a function that parses Foo source code
8502:
8267:
7737:
7420:
6907:
6198:
6162:
5921:
5051:
5009:
4925:
4750:
4618:
Dynamic arrays (though slices of static arrays work) and associative arrays
459:
7689:
6485:"D Language Specification: Functions - Function Parameter Storage Classes"
6225:
6094:(First ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Addison-Wesley. p.
4809:(CIL) bytecode rather than to machine code. The CIL can then be run via a
2968:
for structs and assigning to a pointer instead of a value-based variable.
2764:-like data formatting (also at compile-time, through CTFE), and the "msg"
8593:
8149:
7548:
6957:
6866:
6063:
5017:
4983:
4982:
Mono-D is a feature rich cross-platform D focused graphical IDE based on
4909:
4873:
3122:// If the order of the declarations of #1 and #2 is reversed, this fails.
1081:
689:
220:
8069:
7938:
6971:
6112:
5047:
exist, some written in D, such as
Poseidon, D-IDE, and Entice Designer.
4543:
Member functions, constructors, destructors, operating overloading, etc.
3567:
ABIs, and thus be passed to the libraries written in these languages as
3002:
SafeD is the name given to the subset of D that can be guaranteed to be
330:
326:
8237:
8216:
7506:
6870:
4649:
Some members of the D community dissatisfied with Phobos, D's official
3572:
3552:
are available for many popular C libraries. Additionally, C's standard
7738:"A D implementation of the ECMA 262 (Javascript) programming language"
7298:
6578:
7341:
6037:
5823:
5642:
yields lines lazily, with the newline. It has to then be copied with
5063:
5036:
Dlang IDE is a cross-platform IDE written in D using DlangUI library.
4949:
4857:
3603:
The name mangling conventions shall match those of C++ on the target.
3217:
Behaviour (and constraints to) of a parameter with the storage class
2468:
7201:
6618:
6498:
6140:
5854:
5691:
removes a newline from the end of the string if one is present. The
5646:
to obtain a string to be used for the associative array values (the
5135:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4767:
by Walter Bright is the official D compiler; open sourced under the
8537:
8527:
8507:
8352:
8319:
8257:
7710:
7441:
7393:
7132:
6016:
5770:
5030:
5005:
4965:
4885:
4746:
3179:// The lifetime of rad is longer than bad, hence this is not valid.
1104:
632:
7916:
5176:
is an array of strings representing the command line arguments. A
1770:// The body of the foreach loop is executed in parallel for each i
8221:
7965:"Lazarus hackers drop new RAT malware using 2-year-old Log4j bug"
7549:"Entice Designer – Dprogramming.com – The D programming language"
7277:
7255:
7102:
5827:
5778:
5044:
5024:
4889:
4877:
4869:
4849:
4845:
2460:
is supported through templates, compile-time function execution,
723:
403:
399:
395:
391:
245:
7527:
7226:
5067:
1207:// must be immutable to allow access from inside a pure function
8492:
8389:
8384:
8191:
8144:
7852:"Numeric age for D: Mir GLAS is faster than OpenBLAS and Eigen"
7742:
7715:
7601:
7596:
7574:
7398:
7371:
7137:
7073:
6976:
6686:
6503:
6457:"D Language Specification: Functions - Return Scope Parameters"
6442:
6427:
6273:
5743:
5055:
4893:
4853:
4692:
2945:
2759:
1076:, which is simply a pointer to a stack-allocated function, and
728:
loop construct allows looping over a collection. D also allows
535:
308:
6379:
5050:
D applications can be debugged using any C/C++ debugger, like
5027:
plugin "D for Xcode" enables D-based projects and development.
4976:
Dexed (formerly Coedit), a D focused graphical IDE written in
8578:
8517:
8497:
8421:
8369:
8357:
8130:
5750:
4969:
4961:
4953:
4881:
4865:
4841:
4837:
3047:
Within @safe code, the lifetime of an assignment involving a
2461:
901:
581:
467:
350:
342:
253:
249:
7023:
5995:
5168:
This example program prints its command line arguments. The
4510:
The D programming language has an official subset known as "
8379:
8140:
7097:
DConf 2014: SDC, a D Compiler as a
Library by Amaury Sechet
6120:"Building assert() in Swift, Part 2: __FILE__ and __LINE__"
5868:
5774:
5740:
is assigned to an immutable variable, its type is inferred.
4861:
4828:
4801:
4788:
4669:. D2 later added numerous other language features, such as
900:, which are comparable to C++'s pure abstract classes, and
607:. Inline assembler lets programmers enter machine-specific
6893:
321:
8196:
8135:
8080:"The Next Big Programming Language You've Never Heard Of"
4897:
4705:
by Walter Bright, was originally released under a custom
3191:
Function parameter lifetime annotations within @safe code
3206:
The language standard dictates the following behaviour:
8007:
6958:"GCC 9 Release Series Changes, New Features, and Fixes"
4665:
to the language, beginning with its first experimental
4540:
Nested functions, nested structs, delegates and lambdas
2956:
instances are by default allocated on the stack, while
1100:
to a function's type, if it can prove that they apply.
914:
D supports type forwarding, as well as optional custom
316:
7597:"dlang/dub: Package and build management system for D"
5658:). Built-in associative arrays require immutable keys.
5001:
integration with extensions as Dlang-Vscode or Code-D.
4992:
plug-ins for D include DDT and
Descent (dead project).
892:
Object-oriented programming in D is based on a single
7624:"Under the Hood: warp, a fast C and C++ preprocessor"
6354:"std.experimental.allocator - D Programming Language"
5318:
have their types inferred from the type of the array
3575:, structs, and only some types of function pointers.
627:. Low-level programming is also used to write higher
530:, ranges, built-in container iteration concepts, and
8118:
7808:
6399:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5850:
1072:
There are two built-in types for function literals,
502:
libraries to create native libraries or executables.
53:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
3624:
1119:are available through the standard library modules
290:
5818:The notorious North Korean hacking group known as
4787:– A compiler based on the DMD front-end that uses
4599:
3203:constrain the lifetime and use of that parameter.
497:The D language reference describes it as follows:
6796:
5935:
5723:is handy to keep the code as a single expression.
4995:Visual Studio integration is provided by VisualD.
3536:
3042:
2860:, which will be compiled as part of the program:
8662:
7047:"Source for the D.NET Compiler is Now Available"
5172:function is the entry point of a D program, and
4528:
3606:For function calls, the ABI shall be equivalent.
2144:// Delegates are used to match the message type.
1080:, which also includes a pointer to the relevant
7873:"On Tilix and D: An Interview with Gerald Nunn"
6754:
6161: This article incorporates text from this
5968:
5966:
5964:
5890:
5888:
5180:in D is an array of characters, represented by
968:, recursively-immutable objects and the use of
7044:
5788:, language interpreters, virtual machines, an
4876:. The primary supported operating systems are
4572:failures are directed to the C runtime library
85:For other programming languages named D, see
8165:
6585:
5948:"dmd front end now switched to Boost license"
1912:* 888ms using std.parallelism.taskPool.reduce
932:Many aspects of classes (and structs) can be
7690:"Quantum Break: AAA Gaming With Some D Code"
6770:
6757:"D1 to be discontinued on December 31, 2012"
6679:
6377:
6297:
6295:
6085:
5961:
5885:
4986:/ Xamarin Studio, mainly written in C Sharp.
3590:
1924:* 95ms using std.parallelism.taskPool.reduce
534:. D's declaration, statement and expression
8035:(1 ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional.
5839:frustration described there has led to the
1918:* On AMD Threadripper 2950X, and gdc 9.3.0:
8179:
8172:
8158:
8123:
7830:"Project Highlight: Diamond MVC Framework"
6400:Steven Schveighoffer (28 September 2016).
3516:// Error, cannot return 'scope' q.
3387:// Error, q escapes to global variable gp.
3372:// Error, p escapes to global variable gp.
2694:from the right-hand sides of assignments:
2435:"Main thread received message: "
1107:and common higher-order functions such as
921:Classes (and interfaces) in D can contain
195:
16:Multi-paradigm system programming language
6732:
6292:
5151:Learn how and when to remove this message
4633:Static module constructors or destructors
936:automatically at compile time (a form of
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
7765:"Project Highlight: The PowerNex Kernel"
7339:
6882:D Language accepted for inclusion in GCC
5974:"dmd Backend converted to Boost License"
4549:Array slicing, and array bounds checking
3599:, the following features are specified:
3026:
911:for return types of overridden methods.
907:Interfaces and inheritance in D support
855:"Hello, world %d! scaled = %d"
672:
8031:Alexandrescu, Andrei (4 January 2010).
7987:"A ship carrying silverware has sailed"
7465:
6713:"Tango for D2: All user modules ported"
6303:"Go Your Own Way (Part One: The Stack)"
6141:"Introduction - D Programming Language"
6017:"D Programming Language - Fileinfo.com"
4928:), or dedicated Wasm virtual machines.
4908:, either as a host or target, or both.
3613:C++ namespaces are used via the syntax
8721:Statically typed programming languages
8663:
7160:"Wiki4D: EditorSupport/ZeusForWindows"
6194:"D Complex Types and C++ std::complex"
4701:Code for the official D compiler, the
34:contains content that is written like
8716:Programming languages created in 2001
8706:Object-oriented programming languages
8153:
8050:Alexandrescu, Andrei (15 June 2009).
6867:switch backend to Boost License #6680
6857:on linux-magazin.de (2017, in German)
6687:"Change Log – D Programming Language"
6371:
6329:"Attributes - D Programming Language"
6218:
4884:, but various compilers also support
2768:displays the result at compile time:
474:. Notably, it has been influenced by
8701:Multi-paradigm programming languages
7528:"Mono-D – D Support for MonoDevelop"
7252:"Mono-D – D Support for MonoDevelop"
6206:from the original on 13 January 2008
6038:"D Programming Language - dlang.org"
5695:is more readable, but equivalent to
5100:
4931:
4795:Toy and proof-of-concept compilers:
3244:An annotated example is given below.
2921:
18:
7320:"Visual D - D Programming Language"
6972:"LLVM D compiler project on GitHub"
4938:integrated development environments
3559:On Microsoft Windows, D can access
2300:// spawn a new thread running foo()
1921:* 2864ms using std.algorithm.reduce
1909:* 5140ms using std.algorithm.reduce
1906:/* On Intel i7-3930X and gdc 9.3.0:
669:for complex and imaginary numbers.
87:D (disambiguation) § Computing
13:
8024:
7711:"Higgs JavaScript Virtual Machine"
7466:Michael, Parker (7 October 2016).
7340:Schuetze, Rainer (17 April 2020).
6571:
6551:
6525:
6059:"On: Show HN: A nice C string API"
4740:
3621:is the name of the C++ namespace.
3546:application binary interface (ABI)
3417:// OK, p does not escape thorin().
2452:
1804:std.parallelism.parallel(iota(11))
1103:Other functional features such as
887:
538:also closely match those of C++.
14:
8747:
8681:Class-based programming languages
8110:
6834:"Reddit comment by Walter Bright"
6402:"How to Write @trusted Code in D"
5784:D has been successfully used for
5683:converts a string to lower case,
631:code than would be produced by a
8736:Software using the Boost license
8711:Procedural programming languages
8696:High-level programming languages
8643:
8642:
8095:(1 ed.). PACKT Publishing.
8068:Çehreli, Ali (1 February 2012).
8008:"The OpenD Programming Language"
7787:"DCompute: Running D on the GPU"
7646:"Faster Command Line Tools in D"
7069:"Make SDC the Snazzy D compiler"
6380:"SafeD – D Programming Language"
6156:
5853:
5105:
3625:An example of C++ interoperation
2877:// and returns equivalent D code
658:) can be declared in any order;
472:high-level programming languages
421:
104:
23:
8691:Free compilers and interpreters
8059:Bright, Walter (8 April 2014).
8000:
7979:
7957:
7931:
7909:
7887:
7865:
7844:
7822:
7801:
7779:
7757:
7730:
7703:
7682:
7660:
7638:
7616:
7589:
7562:
7541:
7520:
7499:
7459:
7434:
7413:
7386:
7359:
7333:
7312:
7291:
7270:
7244:
7219:
7194:
7173:
7152:
7125:
7088:
7061:
7038:
7012:
6991:
6964:
6950:
6925:
6900:
6886:
6875:
6860:
6848:
6826:
6748:
6726:
6705:
6658:
6637:
6611:
6545:
6519:
6491:
6477:
6463:
6449:
6435:
6415:
6393:
6346:
6321:
6266:
6240:
6186:
6172:
6165:work. Licensed under BSL-1.0 (
6133:
5822:exploited CVE-2021-44228, aka "
5268:"args = '%s'"
4745:Most current D implementations
4600:Features excluded from Better C
4537:Full metaprogramming facilities
2926:Memory is usually managed with
2724:compile-time function execution
1315:// passing a delegate (closure)
528:compile-time function execution
7045:Jonathan Allen (15 May 2009).
6855:D-Compiler-unter-freier-Lizenz
6471:"Ownership and Borrowing in D"
6079:
6051:
6030:
6009:
5988:
5719:method on the return value of
4811:Common Language Infrastructure
3537:Interaction with other systems
3043:Lifetime safety of assignments
2046:
1809:The same module also supports
1651:
541:Unlike C++, D also implements
1:
8726:Systems programming languages
8676:C programming language family
7917:"Project Highlight: Funkwerk"
7421:"Michel Fortin – D for Xcode"
6528:"Package derelict-lua on DUB"
6086:Alexandrescu, Andrei (2010).
5879:
4529:Features included in Better C
3492:// OK that r escapes gloin().
1378:// passing a delegate literal
951:
716:
7895:"Project Highlight: DlangUI"
7468:"Project Highlight: DlangUI"
7020:"D .NET project on CodePlex"
6167:license statement/permission
5896:"D Change Log to Nov 7 2005"
5813:passenger information system
5325:
5163:
4827:uses a custom front-end and
4807:Common Intermediate Language
4756:Production ready compilers:
3477:// Error, q escapes gloin().
3462:// Error, p escapes gloin().
7:
6933:"Another front end for GCC"
6554:"Package bindbc-lua on DUB"
5861:Computer programming portal
5846:
5833:
5830:families written in DLang.
5693:w.dup.sort().release().idup
5131:the claims made and adding
5096:
4566:COM classes and C++ classes
4505:
2255:// Variant matches any type
506:
10:
8752:
8556:Compatibility of C and C++
8078:Metz, Cade (7 July 2014).
8033:The D Programming Language
7945:. Netflix, Inc. 5 May 2020
7491:: CS1 maint: url-status (
6782:D Programming Language 1.0
6691:D Programming Language 2.0
6645:"Announcing a new library"
6623:D Programming Language 1.0
6597:D Programming Language 1.0
6278:D Programming Language 2.0
6252:D Programming Language 1.0
6180:"D Strings vs C++ Strings"
6090:The D programming language
5900:D Programming Language 1.0
5749:is used instead of normal
5004:A bundle is available for
4713:but not conforming to the
4686:The D Programming Language
4637:
3019:. Functions can be marked
2992:std.experimental.allocator
2168:"int received: "
944:) and at run time (RTTI /
84:
8638:
8622:
8569:
8546:
8483:
8402:
8333:
8285:
8276:
8230:
8187:
5843:fork on January 1, 2024.
5697:release(sort(w.dup)).idup
4948:for the language include
4611:Built-in threading (e.g.
4560:Memory safety protections
3591:Interaction with C++ code
3037:Rust programming language
2858:domain-specific languages
2008:"1.0 / (a * a)"
1282:// ref to enclosing-scope
418:
377:
372:
341:
336:
307:
299:
285:
275:
263:
239:
219:
215:
187:
183:
165:
153:
136:
112:
103:
8091:Ruppe, Adam (May 2014).
7668:"Introducing Vectorflow"
7278:"Google Project Hosting"
7181:"Wiki4D: Editor Support"
6810:. GitHub. Archived from
6735:"Re: GitHub or dsource?"
5336:
5186:
5079:graphical user interface
5073:23 December 2017 at the
4717:. In 2014, the compiler
4059:
3633:
3246:
3056:
2997:
2862:
2770:
2728:
2696:
2577:
2473:
2054:
1819:
1659:
1490:
1129:
974:
738:
313:reference implementation
8686:Cross-platform software
8061:"How I Came to Write D"
6693:. D Language Foundation
5764:
4779:GNU Compiler Collection
4765:Digital Mars D compiler
4703:Digital Mars D compiler
4608:TypeInfo and ModuleInfo
3556:is part of standard D.
2973:core.stdc.stdlib.alloca
2910:"example.foo"
1779:"processing "
8561:Comparison with Pascal
8181:C programming language
6869:from Walter Bright on
6666:"Wiki4D: Standard Lib"
4769:Boost Software License
4731:Boost Software License
4715:Open Source Definition
4546:The full module system
3615:extern(C++, namespace)
3561:Component Object Model
2722:This is an example of
2408:// send a struct (Tid)
970:higher-order functions
958:functional programming
938:reflective programming
584:rather than C++-style
504:
462:and released in 2001.
202:; 2 months ago
171:; 22 years ago
99:D programming language
89:. For other uses, see
8671:Programming languages
8063:. Dr. Dobb's Journal.
8054:. Dr. Dobb's Journal.
6755:Andrei Alexandrescu.
6182:. Digital Mars. 2012.
5874:D Language Foundation
5440:"words.txt"
3595:For D code marked as
3027:Scope lifetime safety
2975:function (similar to
2345:// send some integers
679:programming paradigms
677:D supports five main
673:Programming paradigms
601:low-level programming
499:
160:D Language Foundation
55:neutral point of view
7939:"Netflix/vectorflow"
6804:"backendlicense.txt"
6558:DUB Package Registry
6532:DUB Package Registry
4563:Interfacing with C++
1637:"Result: "
1538:"Result: "
1468:"Result: "
1363:"Result: "
660:forward declarations
644:operator overloading
640:function overloading
586:multiple inheritance
572:. D uses Java-style
452:programming language
169:8 December 2001
7570:"What is DustMite?"
6443:"Sealed References"
6274:"Memory Management"
5826:," to deploy three
4942:syntax highlighting
4902:Solaris/OpenSolaris
4682:Andrei Alexandrescu
3210:
3006:. Functions marked
2962:std.typecons.scoped
2935:overloaded operator
2842:"9! = %s"
2812:"7! = %s"
940:(reflection) using
524:anonymous functions
464:Andrei Alexandrescu
277:Filename extensions
166:First appeared
147:Andrei Alexandrescu
100:
47:promotional content
8070:"Programming in D"
7967:. 11 December 2023
7832:. 20 November 2017
7258:on 1 February 2012
7202:"Basile.B / dexed"
7026:on 26 January 2018
6814:on 22 October 2016
6378:Bartosz Milewski.
5805:numerical analysis
5116:possibly contains
4999:Visual Studio Code
4940:(IDEs) supporting
4605:Garbage collection
3209:
2928:garbage collection
2758:function performs
2692:infers their types
927:design by contract
574:single inheritance
551:garbage collection
543:design by contract
98:
91:D (disambiguation)
49:and inappropriate
8658:
8657:
8398:
8397:
8102:978-1-783-28721-5
8042:978-0-321-63536-5
7789:. 30 October 2017
7227:"Mono-D - D Wiki"
6423:"Scoped Pointers"
6067:. 3 December 2022
5654:type is actually
5630:defaultdict(list)
5306:) from the array
5161:
5160:
5153:
5118:original research
4932:Development tools
4825:Snazzy D Compiler
4595:format validation
3242:
3241:
3161:// This is valid.
2922:Memory management
2756:std.string.format
2571:Here, the use of
2381:"hello"
2029:"Sum: "
1990:"a + b"
1815:std.algorithm.map
1802:is equivalent to
1800:iota(11).parallel
962:function literals
960:features such as
667:first class types
621:operating systems
513:source-compatible
435:
434:
221:Typing discipline
83:
82:
75:
8743:
8646:
8645:
8283:
8282:
8278:Standard library
8174:
8167:
8160:
8151:
8150:
8127:
8122:
8121:
8119:Official website
8106:
8087:
8073:
8064:
8055:
8052:"The Case for D"
8046:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8014:
8004:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7993:
7983:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7972:
7961:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7935:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7924:
7913:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7897:. 7 October 2016
7891:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7875:. 11 August 2017
7869:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7858:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7837:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7805:
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7774:
7772:
7761:
7755:
7754:
7752:
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7728:
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7723:
7707:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7642:
7636:
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7611:
7609:
7593:
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7307:
7305:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7274:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7254:. Archived from
7248:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
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7198:
7192:
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7081:
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7059:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7042:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7022:. Archived from
7016:
7010:
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6995:
6989:
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5809:GUI applications
5790:operating system
5759:
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5739:
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5729:
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5706:Fluent interface
5698:
5694:
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5678:
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5656:immutable(dchar)
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5136:
5133:inline citations
5109:
5108:
5101:
4711:source available
4709:, qualifying as
4663:breaking changes
4655:standard library
4630:
4614:
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2387:// send a string
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1258:// pure function
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916:dynamic dispatch
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763:
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754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
730:nested functions
726:
662:are not needed.
605:inline assembler
566:nested functions
518:Like C++, D has
440:, also known as
425:
295:
292:
210:
208:
203:
199:
179:
177:
172:
138:Designed by
108:
101:
97:
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
36:an advertisement
27:
26:
19:
8751:
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8659:
8654:
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8618:
8571:
8565:
8549:other languages
8548:
8547:Comparison with
8542:
8479:
8417:Borland Turbo C
8394:
8334:Implementations
8329:
8272:
8226:
8183:
8178:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8103:
8090:
8077:
8067:
8058:
8049:
8043:
8030:
8027:
8025:Further reading
8022:
8012:
8010:
8006:
8005:
8001:
7991:
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7709:
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7694:
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7683:
7673:
7671:
7670:. 2 August 2017
7666:
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7661:
7651:
7649:
7644:
7643:
7639:
7629:
7627:
7626:. 28 March 2014
7622:
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7504:
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7484:
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7476:
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7450:
7448:
7442:"Dav1dde/lumen"
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7133:"deadalnix/SDC"
7131:
7130:
7126:
7121:Wayback Machine
7108:
7106:
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6937:forum.dlang.org
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6853:
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6808:DMD source code
6802:
6801:
6797:
6787:
6785:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6761:
6759:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6733:Walter Bright.
6731:
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6473:. 15 July 2019.
6469:
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6431:. 3 April 2020.
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5801:web development
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5407:signature2words
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5122:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5075:Wayback Machine
5014:code completion
4946:code completion
4934:
4918:Mozilla Firefox
4815:virtual machine
4800:D Compiler for
4743:
4741:Implementations
4680:The release of
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3579:languages like
3539:
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2458:Metaprogramming
2455:
2453:Metaprogramming
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2366:// send a float
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1963:1_000_000_000.0
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1932:
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1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
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1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1806:by using UFCS.
1803:
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1120:
1097:
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1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
954:
945:
941:
909:covariant types
890:
888:Object-oriented
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
734:local variables
724:
719:
711:Metaprogramming
696:Object-oriented
675:
570:lazy evaluation
509:
302:implementations
289:
211:
206:
204:
201:
175:
173:
170:
131:object-oriented
94:
79:
68:
62:
59:
40:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8749:
8739:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8639:
8636:
8635:
8633:
8632:
8630:Dennis Ritchie
8626:
8624:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8575:
8573:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8563:
8558:
8552:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8489:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8408:
8406:
8400:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8393:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8366:
8365:
8355:
8350:
8349:
8348:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8305:Dynamic memory
8302:
8297:
8292:
8286:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8177:
8176:
8169:
8162:
8154:
8148:
8147:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8112:
8111:External links
8109:
8108:
8107:
8101:
8088:
8075:
8065:
8056:
8047:
8041:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8020:
7999:
7978:
7956:
7930:
7919:. 28 July 2017
7908:
7886:
7864:
7843:
7821:
7800:
7778:
7767:. 24 June 2016
7756:
7729:
7702:
7681:
7659:
7637:
7615:
7588:
7561:
7540:
7519:
7498:
7458:
7433:
7412:
7385:
7367:"dlang-vscode"
7358:
7332:
7311:
7290:
7269:
7243:
7231:wiki.dlang.org
7218:
7193:
7172:
7151:
7124:
7087:
7060:
7037:
7011:
6990:
6963:
6949:
6924:
6899:
6885:
6874:
6859:
6847:
6836:. 5 March 2009
6825:
6795:
6784:. Digital Mars
6778:"D Change Log"
6769:
6747:
6725:
6704:
6678:
6657:
6636:
6625:. Digital Mars
6610:
6599:. Digital Mars
6593:"D Change Log"
6584:
6570:
6552:Parker, Mike.
6544:
6526:Parker, Mike.
6518:
6490:
6476:
6462:
6448:
6434:
6414:
6392:
6370:
6345:
6320:
6291:
6280:. Digital Mars
6265:
6254:. Digital Mars
6239:
6228:. Digital Mars
6217:
6185:
6171:
6132:
6111:
6105:978-0321635365
6104:
6078:
6050:
6029:
6008:
5987:
5976:. 7 April 2017
5960:
5934:
5913:
5902:. Digital Mars
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5848:
5845:
5835:
5832:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5741:
5735:
5724:
5709:
5685:join(" ")
5666:
5659:
5637:
5337:
5327:
5324:
5314:and the value
5302:) and values (
5187:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5141:September 2020
5113:
5111:
5104:
5098:
5095:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5028:
5021:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4987:
4980:
4972:among others.
4933:
4930:
4922:Microsoft Edge
4834:
4833:
4818:
4793:
4792:
4782:
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4749:directly into
4742:
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4507:
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4302:createInstance
4245:deleteInstance
4227:createInstance
4060:
4008:deleteInstance
3966:createInstance
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3214:Storage Class
3192:
3189:
3057:
3049:reference type
3044:
3041:
3028:
3025:
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2996:
2964:, or by using
2952:In functions,
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2771:
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2578:
2474:
2454:
2451:
2055:
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1491:
1130:
1121:std.functional
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953:
950:
889:
886:
739:
718:
715:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
674:
671:
625:device drivers
532:type inference
508:
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446:multi-paradigm
433:
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378:Genie, MiniD,
375:
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119:Multi-paradigm
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51:external links
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8462:Visual Studio
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7648:. 24 May 2017
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6309:. 7 July 2017
6308:
6304:
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6296:
6279:
6275:
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6253:
6249:
6243:
6227:
6226:"Expressions"
6221:
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6200:
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5806:
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5798:
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5776:
5772:
5752:
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5725:
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5703:
5667:
5660:
5640:lines(File())
5638:
5635:
5624:
5623:
5607:" "
5335:
5323:
5185:
5155:
5152:
5144:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5114:This section
5112:
5103:
5102:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
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5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4979:
4978:Object Pascal
4975:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4914:Google Chrome
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4862:Motorola m68k
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4808:
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4803:
4798:
4797:
4796:
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4773:
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4759:
4758:
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4704:
4699:
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4694:
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4687:
4683:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4644:
4643:Walter Bright
4632:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4585:
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3551:
3547:
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3245:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3055:
3054:For example:
3052:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3024:
3005:
2995:
2989:
2981:
2969:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:, by calling
2936:
2931:
2929:
2861:
2859:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2727:
2725:
2695:
2693:
2576:
2472:
2471:of a number:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2053:
1818:
1807:
1658:
1489:
1480:// Result: 15
1375:// Result: 15
1128:
1125:std.algorithm
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1083:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
949:
939:
935:
930:
929:methodology.
928:
924:
919:
917:
912:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
737:
735:
731:
727:
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707:
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699:
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694:
691:
687:
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663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:assembly code
606:
602:
599:, D supports
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:array slicing
559:
556:
552:
548:
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514:
503:
498:
495:
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489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:Walter Bright
453:
450:
447:
443:
439:
428:
427:D Programming
424:
420:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
368:
364:
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348:
344:
340:
337:Influenced by
335:
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200:/ 1 July 2024
198:
194:2.109.1
192:
190:
186:
182:
168:
164:
161:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
143:Walter Bright
141:
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120:
117:
115:
111:
107:
102:
96:
92:
88:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
8647:
8588:
8503:Code::Blocks
8475:Watcom C/C++
8263:Preprocessor
8243:Header files
8131:Digital Mars
8092:
8083:
8032:
8011:. Retrieved
8002:
7990:. Retrieved
7981:
7969:. Retrieved
7959:
7947:. Retrieved
7942:
7933:
7921:. Retrieved
7911:
7899:. Retrieved
7889:
7877:. Retrieved
7867:
7855:. Retrieved
7846:
7834:. Retrieved
7824:
7812:. Retrieved
7803:
7791:. Retrieved
7781:
7769:. Retrieved
7759:
7747:. Retrieved
7741:
7732:
7720:. Retrieved
7714:
7705:
7693:. Retrieved
7684:
7672:. Retrieved
7662:
7650:. Retrieved
7640:
7628:. Retrieved
7618:
7606:. Retrieved
7600:
7591:
7579:. Retrieved
7573:
7564:
7552:. Retrieved
7543:
7531:. Retrieved
7522:
7510:. Retrieved
7501:
7477:12 September
7475:. Retrieved
7471:
7461:
7449:. Retrieved
7445:
7436:
7424:. Retrieved
7415:
7403:. Retrieved
7397:
7388:
7376:. Retrieved
7370:
7361:
7349:. Retrieved
7345:
7335:
7323:. Retrieved
7314:
7302:. Retrieved
7293:
7281:. Retrieved
7272:
7260:. Retrieved
7256:the original
7246:
7234:. Retrieved
7230:
7221:
7209:. Retrieved
7205:
7196:
7184:. Retrieved
7175:
7163:. Retrieved
7154:
7142:. Retrieved
7136:
7127:
7117:Ghostarchive
7115:Archived at
7107:. Retrieved
7101:
7096:
7090:
7080:24 September
7078:. Retrieved
7072:
7063:
7051:. Retrieved
7040:
7028:. Retrieved
7024:the original
7014:
7002:. Retrieved
6993:
6981:. Retrieved
6975:
6966:
6952:
6940:. Retrieved
6936:
6927:
6915:. Retrieved
6911:
6902:
6888:
6877:
6862:
6850:
6838:. Retrieved
6828:
6816:. Retrieved
6812:the original
6807:
6798:
6786:. Retrieved
6781:
6772:
6760:. Retrieved
6750:
6738:. Retrieved
6728:
6716:. Retrieved
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6690:
6681:
6669:. Retrieved
6660:
6648:. Retrieved
6639:
6627:. Retrieved
6622:
6613:
6601:. Retrieved
6596:
6587:
6573:
6561:. Retrieved
6557:
6547:
6535:. Retrieved
6531:
6521:
6509:. Retrieved
6507:. 7 May 2020
6502:
6493:
6479:
6465:
6451:
6437:
6426:
6417:
6405:. Retrieved
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6373:
6361:. Retrieved
6357:
6348:
6336:. Retrieved
6332:
6323:
6311:. Retrieved
6306:
6282:. Retrieved
6277:
6268:
6256:. Retrieved
6251:
6242:
6230:. Retrieved
6220:
6208:. Retrieved
6199:Digital Mars
6197:
6188:
6174:
6163:free content
6148:. Retrieved
6144:
6135:
6125:25 September
6123:. Retrieved
6114:
6089:
6081:
6069:. Retrieved
6062:
6053:
6041:. Retrieved
6032:
6020:. Retrieved
6011:
5999:. Retrieved
5990:
5978:. Retrieved
5951:. Retrieved
5925:. Retrieved
5916:
5904:. Retrieved
5899:
5840:
5837:
5817:
5783:
5768:
5329:
5310:. The index
5293:
5167:
5147:
5138:
5115:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5083:
5052:GNU Debugger
5049:
5039:
5010:Code::Blocks
4968:, Zeus, and
4944:and partial
4936:Editors and
4935:
4926:Apple Safari
4835:
4824:
4820:
4799:
4794:
4784:
4774:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4751:machine code
4744:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4667:const system
4659:
4648:
4641:
4625:synchronized
4624:
4592:
4586:
4582:final switch
4581:
4578:with strings
4575:
4569:
4555:
4516:
4509:
4055:
4054:
3924:Derived::mul
3630:The C++ side
3629:
3628:
3618:
3612:
3594:
3577:
3565:
3563:(COM) code.
3558:
3540:
3243:
3232:
3222:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3053:
3046:
3033:
3030:
3001:
2990:
2982:
2970:
2951:
2932:
2925:
2855:
2753:
2721:
2689:
2570:
2466:
2456:
2050:
1808:
1798:
1655:
1487:
1102:
1071:
1067:// shorthand
955:
934:introspected
931:
920:
913:
906:
891:
720:
676:
664:
637:
603:, including
590:
540:
517:
510:
500:
496:
460:Digital Mars
441:
437:
436:
429:at Wikibooks
320:
149:(since 2007)
95:
69:
63:January 2024
60:
45:by removing
41:Please help
33:
8594:Objective-C
8375:Windows CRT
7971:11 December
7405:21 December
7378:21 December
6912:gcc.gnu.org
6840:9 September
6740:15 February
6718:16 February
6697:22 November
6650:15 February
6284:17 February
6232:27 December
6064:Hacker News
6043:15 November
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