DVD recordable - Knowledge

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every and during writing, to allow for small differences between discs and drives. This process is known as a power test. Calibration during writing allows for small changes in quality between different sections of the disc, such as slightly different optical properties, impurities or dye layer thickness in either the plastic or dye. The results of the power tests are stored in a Recording Management Area (RMA), which can hold up to 7,088 calibrations (in DVD-R). The disc can not be written to after the RMA becomes full, although it may be emptied in RW discs. CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD+RW and DVD-R all have a PCA. CDs (and possibly DVDs) may also have two PCAs: one on the inner edge of the disc, for low speed testing, and another on the outer edge for high speed testing.

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theory to improve the timing. The issue was that it was not clear that such a signal would not affect the data itself. It was an insight by David (Dave) Towner, an optical engineer attached to the project, that the detection modes for the wobble and the data (how they added or differenced the regions on the optical detector), would themselves provide enough common mode rejection to separate the signals. At this point, the notion of high frequency wobbles was born. Much of the team's effort after that was to prove out this concept, which led to the fundamental patent for the format by Abramovitch and Towner (US Patent # 6046968, filed July 24, 1997, issued April 4, 2000), entitled

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scheduled for development at the Boise facility. In 2000, HP was under the direction of new CEO Carly Fiorina, and the division, under new cost constraints, chose to abandon the manufacture of any new optical drives. However, since HP owned the fundamental patent above, they could receive licensing fees for the patent itself and pursued several expansions of the patent in US Patent # 7701836 (Issued April 20, 2010). There was also US Patent # RE41881 (Reissued October 26, 2010), a reissue of US Patent # 6046968 with expanded claims. Finally, there was US Patent # RE43788 (Issued November 6, 2012), a second reissue of Patent # 6046968 with more claims.

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compatibility with the compact disc standard geometry which requires a total disc thickness of about 1.2 mm. The sandwich structure also helps protect the layer containing data from scratches with a thick "dummy" disc, a problem with CDs, which lack that structure. Double-sided discs have two grooved, recordable disc sides, and require the user to flip the disc to access the other side. Compared to a CD's 1.2 mm thickness, a DVD's laser beam only has to penetrate 0.6 mm of plastic in order to reach the dye recording layer, which allows the lens to focus the beam to a smaller spot size to write smaller pits.

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accidentally overwriting any of the other sectors. DVD-ROM disks, being mastered with a continuous stream of data, had no need for edit gaps. In fact, makers of pre-recorded DVD media were quite cool to the idea of users being able to use this format for their own recordings. HP saw this as an opportunity to enter the business, but solving the lack of edit gaps was the key problem. In early 1996, HP exited the hard disk drive business, and two HPL engineers, Daniel (Danny) Abramovitch and Terril Hurst, were moved onto the rewritable DVD project. Danny was (and is) a servo engineer with an interest in timing loops (a.k.a.

982: 1120:. The rewritable DVD+RW standard was formalized earlier than the non-rewritable DVD+R (the opposite was true with the DVD- formats). Although credit for developing the standard is often attributed to Philips, the fundamental work was done by a team at Hewlett-Packard Labs (HPL). It was "finalized" in 1997 by the DVD+RW Alliance once the fundamental patent (US Patent # 6046968) had been filed by the HPL team. It was then abandoned until 2001, when it was heavily revised (in particular, the capacity increased from 2.8 GB to 4.7GB). 1213:(ADIP) system of tracking and speed control is less susceptible to interference and error, which makes the ADIP system more accurate at higher speeds than the land pre pit (LPP) system used by DVD-R. In addition, DVD+R(W) has a more robust error-management system than DVD-R(W), allowing for more accurate burning to media, independent of the quality of the media. The practical upshot is that a DVD+R writer is able to locate data on the disc to byte accuracy whereas DVD-R is incapable of such precision. 745: 785: 886: 50: 768:, where it is advantageous to have a rewritable format capable of digital video data speeds, while being removable, small, and relatively inexpensive. Another benefit to using a rewritable disc is if the burning process produces errors or corrupted data, it can simply be written over again to correct the error, or the corrupted data can be erased. This is also useful for testing 1243:

useful in applications that require quick revisions and rewriting. It can only be read in drives that are DVD-RAM compatible, which all multi-format drives are. DVD Forum backs this format. It uses physical dedicated sector markers (visible as rectangles on the read side of the disc) instead of the pre-pits or wobbles used in other types of recordable and rewritable media.

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the negotiations that resulted in the compromise format for DVD-ROM (prerecorded media) between the DVD Forum and the Sony & Philips teams. HP chose to partner with Sony and Philips, who were initially lukewarm to a fully rewritable format. The success of the HP Labs project in proving out the technology convinced Sony and Philips to go ahead with the move.

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With the timing issue solved by high frequency wobbles, the other key issue solved by the HPL team (through the efforts of Terril Hurst and Craig Perlov) was writing bits in a way that would not result in a bleeding of one bit into the next one. Because DVD+RW used phase-change media, this was solved

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of the groove spiral which guides the laser beam. These two changes allow more pits to be written in the same physical disc area, giving higher data density. The smaller focus is possible with a shorter wavelength 'red' laser of 640 nm, compared to CD-R's wavelength of 780 nm. This is used

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that can only record to one of the formats. By contrast, DVD Video recorders still favour one format over the other, often providing restrictions on what the unfavoured format will do. However, because the DVD-R format has been in use since 1997, it has had a five-year lead on DVD+R. As such, older

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The DVD+R format was developed by a coalition of corporations—now known as the DVD+RW Alliance—in mid-2002, stemming from a research project at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories (a.k.a. HP Labs) that originated in 1996. The project was the brainchild of Josh Hogan, who represented HP and was involved in

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announced an archival DVD recording medium manufactured with quality control and inspection frequencies techniques greater than is traditionally used in media manufacturing, and using specially developed silver alloy as a reflective layer and organic dye with in-house developed additives to secure

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with small enough jitter) so as to provide sub-bit accuracy on the timing. In a servo systems parlance, this was a high frequency, high-fidelity reference signal for the timing servo loop to follow. Essentially, it would be possible to turn a tracking loop sideways and use all the tools of control

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to store the data. During the burning of a single bit, the laser's intensity affects the reflective properties of the burned dye. By varying the laser intensity quickly, high density data is written in precise tracks. Since written tracks are made of darkened dye, the data side of a recordable DVD

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announced their development of the first media in the format in 2005. A double-layer DVD+RW specification was approved in March 2006 with a capacity of 8.5 GB. However, manufacturing support for these rewritable dual-layer discs did not materialize due to costs and expected competition from

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As RAM stands for Random Access Memory, it works more or less like a hard-drive and was designed for corporate back-up use. Developed in 1996, DVD-RAM is a rewritable optical disc originally encased in a cartridge. Currently available in standard 4.7 GB (and sometimes in other sizes), it is

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DVD+R also has a larger Power Calibration Area (PCA). The PCA in DVD+R has a length of 32768 sectors, compared to the 7088 of DVD-R. In the PCA, which is located close to the inner edge of the disc, a 15-step procedure is carried out to calibrate (vary the power of) the disc drive's laser before

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The issue was drop-in compatibility of a rewritable format with the existing DVD-ROM players. Rewritable media (such as magnetic hard disk drives or rewritable CDs) have edit gaps between sectors, to provide a buffer so that any timing inaccuracies in the write clock would not result in new data

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The following table describes the maximal speed of DVD-R and the relative typical write time for a full disc according to the reviews from cdrinfo.com and cdfreaks.com. Many reviews of multiple brand names on varying conditions of hardware and DVD give much lower and wider measurements than the

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In 1999, the team had argued to then HP CEO Lew Platt, that HP needed to produce products in the set-top market, the computer market, and the camcorder market to truly exploit the invention. Platt, who had a reputation of being risk averse, chose to stick with only the computer drive product

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discs, bonded with an adhesive to each other. One contains the laser guiding groove and is coated with the recording dye and a silver alloy or gold reflector. The other one (for single-sided discs) is an ungrooved 'dummy' disc to assure mechanical stability of the sandwich structure, and

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Multi-format drives can read and write more than one format; e.g. DVD±R(W) (DVD plus-dash recordable and rewritable) is used to refer to drives that can write/rewrite both plus and dash formats, but not necessarily DVD-RAM. Drives marked "DVD Multi Recorder" support DVD±R(W)

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According to Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000 times before needing replacement. RW discs are used to store volatile data, such as when creating backups or collections of files which are subject to change and re-writes. They are also ideal for home DVD

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As of 2006, the market for recordable DVD technology showed little sign of settling down in favour of either the "plus" or "dash" formats, which is mostly the result of the increasing numbers of dual-format devices that can record to both formats, known as

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TS-H653B, have adapted recording speeds of up to 16× on DVD+R DL media by selected vendors, compared to up to 12× on DVD-R DL. More recent optical drives have reduced their maximum allowable recording speed on both +R DL and -R DL media to 8×, usually

2873: 1756:= 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes. This can be confusing for many users since a 4.7 GB (4.7 billion bytes) DVD that is advertised as such might show up on their device as having 4.38 GiB (depending on what type of prefixes their device uses). 1855:

According to a study published in 2008 by the Preservation Research and Testing Division of the U.S. Library of Congress, most recordable CD products have a higher probability of greater longevity compared to recordable DVD products.

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In a DVD-R, the addressing (the determination of location of the laser beam on the disc) is done with additional pits and lands (called land pre-pits) in the areas between the grooves. The groove on a DVD-R disc has a constant

956:). Reading about the wobble grooves on older optical disk formats, Danny proposed that a wobble frequency at roughly the same frequency as the data frequency would provide enough timing accuracy (i.e. allow us to lock a 975:

by high speed modulation of short laser pulses to take advantage of the nonlinear heating and cooling properties of the material and control the pulse shapes. Several papers describing these efforts can be found at:

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Additional session linking methods are more accurate with DVD+R(W) versus DVD-R(W), resulting in fewer damaged or unusable discs due to buffer under-run and multi-session discs with fewer PI/PO errors.

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has a distinct color. Burned DVDs have a higher failure-to-read rate than pressed DVDs, due to differences in the reflective properties of dye compared to the aluminum substrate of pressed discs.

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DVD "minus" R is not correct, according to DVD-R consortium recommendations; it is, in fact, a dash (i.e. DVD "dash" R). DVD-R and DVD+R technologies are not directly compatible, which created a

1727:(2007) have officially adapted support for writing speeds of up to 12× on DVD-R DL and 16× on DVD+R DL (on recordable media by selected vendors only), while more recent DVD writers such as the 834:

in the DVD technology industry. To reconcile the two competing formats, manufacturers created hybrid drives that could read both — most hybrid drives that handle both formats are labeled

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DVD-RW media exists in the recording speed variants of 1× (discontinued), 2×, 4× and 6×. Higher speed variants, although compatible with lower writing speeds, are written to with the lowest

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Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. (JVC) is pleased to announce that it has developed the world's first single-sided, dual layer DVD-RW disc technology with a maximum storage capacity of 8.5GB

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There are a number of significant technical differences between the "dash" and the "plus" format, although most users would not notice the difference. One example is that the DVD+R style

756:, whereas "RW" formats can be written to repeatedly. Thus, "R" format discs are only suited to non-volatile data storage, such as audio or video. This can cause confusion because the ' 3328:

ISO/IEC 29642:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW DL format -- Capacity: 8,55 Gbytes and 2,66 Gbytes per side (recording speed 2,4X)

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ISO/IEC 17341:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW format -- Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed up to 4X)

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DVD recordable media are sold in two standard sizes, a regular 12 cm (5 in) size for home recording and computer usage, and a small 8 cm (3 in) size (sometimes known as a

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ISO/IEC 26925:2009, Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +RW HS format -- Capacity: 4,7 Gbytes and 1,46 Gbytes per side (recording speed 8X)

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DVD+R discs must be formatted before being recorded by a compatible DVD video recorder. DVD-R do not have to be formatted before being recorded by a compatible DVD video recorder,

3042:"TEAC Corporation DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Specification DV-W5500S-000 Rev. 0.94 1/24 DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Product Specification Model : DV-W5500S-000 Drive Specification" 2174:"TEAC Corporation DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Specification DV-W5500S-000 Rev. 0.94 1/24 DVD/CD-Rewritable Drive Product Specification Model : DV-W5500S-000 Drive Specification" 1104:

list "2.4× CLV" instead of "2× CLV" as the base transfer rate level for DVD+R/RW. Earlier optical drives also have a 1.0× transfer rate level for both DVD-R/RW and DVD+R/RW.

2720: 967:. By late 1998, through the monthly meetings led by project leader Carl Taussig and often accompanied by Josh Hogan, Sony and Philips had warmed to the idea of the format. 2198: 2105: 1152:

Another distinction in comparison to DVD-R/RW/R DL is that the recorder information (optical drive model) is not written automatically to DVD+ discs by the drive.

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is the ability to erase and rewrite to a DVD-RW disc. According to Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000 times before needing replacement.

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The DVD Forum initially did not approve of the DVD+R format and claimed that the DVD+R format was not an official DVD format until January 25, 2008.

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Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disc using +R DL format – Capacity: 8.55 GB and 2.66 GB per side (recording speed up to 16×)

1101: 3249: 2410:"Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16×)" 1100:

transfer rates (read and write) of 2.0× on DVD-R/RW have been replaced with 2.4× in the specification for DVD+R/RW. Thus, specification sheets of

3493: 1093:) on most half-height optical drives released since the mid-2000s decade are up to 16× on DVD±R (single-layer) and 12× on DVD±R DL and DVD±RW. 1063:

allow bypassing the rating and recording at speeds beyond 16× on selected recordable media by vendors considered of high quality, including

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Embedded Data: A DVD-R disc (also applies to DVD+R) which is only partially written to. Data is burned onto the disc with a writing laser.

2475: 2906: 3483: 2702: 1531: 345: 695:(also written as, DVD±R/RW, DVD±R/±RW, DVD+/-RW, DVD±R(W) and other arbitrary ways) handles all common writable disc types, but not 1846: 2724: 3503: 3436:

ISO/IEC 17342, 80 mm (1,46 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (4,70 Gbytes per side) DVD re-recordable disk (DVD-RW)

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to increase the compatibility of DVD+R media (though unlike DVD+RW, it is a one way process). This is also known as bitsetting.

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phase, changing the reflectivity, depending on the power of the laser beam. Data can thus be written, erased and re-written.

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A specification for dual-layer DVD-RW discs with a capacity of 8.5 GB (8,500,000,000 bytes) was approved by the

3048: 2995: 2173: 592: 1863:, the rate of correctable errors can be measured. A higher rate of errors indicates media of lower quality and/or 1051:

Like DVD-R (single-layer), DVD+R (single-layer) media officially exists with rated recording speeds of up to 16× (

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DVD+RW part 2: Dual Layer, volume 1; DVD+RW 8.5 Gbytes, Basic Format Specifications, version 1.0, March 2006

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DVD+RW DL was once developed and announced by JVC but it was never sold due to issues with its low reflectivity (

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The write time may vary (± 30 s) between writer and media used. For high speed, the write strategy changes from

823:. It has broader playback compatibility than DVD+R, especially with much older players. The dash format uses a " 2355: 2244: 1558: 510: 245: 3238:

DVD Specifications for Re-recordable Disc for Dual Layer (DVD-RW for DL) Physical Specifications, Version 2.0

2544: 2752: 89: 3020: 2874:"United States Patent: 9105275 - Method for sensing the physically-recordable maximum capacity of a disc" 2837: 553: 498: 443: 3384: 3216: 2409: 2152: 79: 3148: 2613: 703:(but not necessarily including cartridges or 8cm diameter discs) is referred to as a "Multi" recorder. 618: 312: 126: 2153:"80 mm (1,23 Gbytes per side) and 120 mm (3,95 Gbytes per side) DVD-Recordable Disc (DVD-R)" 1199:

or cheaper DVD players (up to 2004 vintage) are more likely to favour the DVD-R standard exclusively.

1554: 1535: 1090: 1052: 796: 558: 2470: 3452: 3362: 3154: 2430: 1550: 1097: 505: 1860: 927: 3256: 2565: 2551: 2045: 1733: 727:

is achieved by focusing the laser to a smaller point, creating smaller 'pits' as well as a finer

661:(WORM) media, where as "rewritable" discs are able to be erased and rewritten. Data is written (' 429: 298: 265: 736:

lens. The dyes used in each case are different as they are optimized for different wavelengths.

769: 662: 457: 305: 74: 17: 1921: 611: 566: 422: 415: 3386:

80 mm (1.23 GB per side) and 120 mm (3.95 GB per side) DVD-Recordable Disc (DVD-R)

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officially accepted DVD+R and DVD+RW by adding them to its list of licensable DVD products.

981: 2856:"Optiarc--products were developed specifically for the professional digital content market" 2034: 1948: 1157: 1112:

DVD+RW supports a method of writing called "lossless linking", which makes it suitable for

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technique to provide 'sector' address information. It was introduced after the "-" format.

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Re-Writable Optical Disk Having Reference Clock Information Permanently Formed on the Disk

8: 2456: 816: 366: 3373: 1074:

On dual-layer media, half-height optical drives released towards 2010, such as the 2007

953: 733: 101: 69: 3108: 2256: 760:' logo is a stylized 'RW'. Thus, many discs have the RW logo, but are not rewritable. 2946: 2932: 2912: 2123: 957: 871: 542: 472: 408: 2498: 2275:

Important Notice to the subscribers of the DVD-RW Format Specifications Book Ver.1.2

744: 2968: 1897: 1850: 1210: 1064: 1034: 1027: 1023: 859: 824: 757: 277: 273: 3123: 2769: 2216: 931: 2972: 2721:"JVC | DVD-RW 8.5GB DL Rewritable DVD (2) | VDWDL85GU2 | B&H;" 1936: 1011: 3459:"Recorder and method for recording information on a write once recording medium" 2674:"Quick erased (blanked) CD-RW vs. DVD-RW vs. DVD+RW, what's recoverable and how" 669:, rather than the data being 'pressed' onto the disc during manufacture, like a 3296:

Bennett, Hugh (July 1998), "In DVD's Own Image: DVD-R Technology and Promise",

2891: 1932: 1909: 1172: 1153: 162: 146: 142: 94: 3458: 3169: 2323: 2089: 1920:

The recording layer in DVD-RW and DVD+RW is not an organic dye, but a special

3477: 1888: 1868: 1195: 1168: 1113: 1060: 920: 654: 524: 464: 3427: 3250:"JVC Develops World's First Single-sided, Dual Layer DVD-RW Disc Technology" 2388: 1951:

technology could be used with a DVD+R disc to nearly double the capacity to

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Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disc using +R format

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mode feature is no longer an official part of the standard like it was for

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in 1997. It is supported by most normal DVD players and is approved by the

765: 650: 646: 450: 121: 64: 41: 2588: 2566:"Range Of Available Standards - DVD Burner Test: Seven Times The Capacity" 1714: 1086:

DVD+RW media exists with the writing speed ratings of 1×-4× and 2.4×-8×.

1068: 1056: 885: 673:. Pressing is used in mass production, primarily for the distribution of 3446: 3351: 3307: 2367: 1280: 1046: 784: 2071: 2019: 1117: 986: 831: 674: 547: 339: 269: 2217:"Understanding DVD - Physical, Logical and Application Specifications" 1204:

because the two variants of the discs are written in different formats

1175:. This means that the standard does not allow reverting the disc to a 2014: 1967: 1952: 1264: 1225: 875: 820: 684: 572: 393: 335: 241: 237: 217: 209: 174: 2453:

Super -writemaster DVD Writer SH-S203B(TS-H653B)/ SH-S203D(TS-H653D)

1867:. It may also indicate scratches and/or data written by a defective 2311: 2004: 1956: 1864: 1753: 1738:(2016) have restricted the supported DVD±R DL writing speed to 8×. 1721: 1075: 867: 532: 479: 374: 331: 213: 205: 158: 154: 150: 1747: 1171:, which is done by the software instead that overwrites data with 835: 699:. A drive that supports writing to all these disc types including 2650: 2530: 2029: 2024: 1976: 1929: 1541:

Disc write time in table does not include overhead, leadout, etc.

1260: 1237: 1146: 1015: 839: 700: 696: 691:

refers to both rewritable disc types, the DVD+RW and the DVD-RW.

670: 379: 260: 253: 249: 229: 225: 186: 170: 2199:"Pioneer Announces New, Lower Prices for DVD-R and DVD-RW Media" 2106:"Pioneer Announces New, Lower Prices for DVD-R and DVD-RW Media" 1874:

Not all optical drive models are able to scan the disc quality.

2816: 1980: 1925: 1538:(~580 rpm) is around three times as high as CD at ×1 (~200 rpm) 1142: 402: 398: 359: 326: 284: 221: 201: 182: 130: 49: 2855: 2294:

Archive of discontinued Hitachi-LG Data Storage optical drives

2703:"JVC announces first rewritable single-sided dual layer DVDs" 2624: 1138: 1134: 1080: 994: 894: 863: 666: 385: 352: 233: 197: 166: 138: 923:

that have only been adapted to Version 1.1 and Version 1.0.

3340: 3217:"DVD Types | DVD-RAM vs DVD-RW vs DVD-R vs DVD+R vs DVD+RW" 2009: 1130: 1019: 724: 707: 178: 134: 3200:, Broadcast engineering, November 23, 2011, archived from 2412:(standard) (4th ed.). ECMA. June 2008. p. 4. 349 1037:

has been increased from 140.6 kHz to 817.4 kHz.

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term for both DVD+R and DVD-R formats. Likewise, the term

3423: 1993: 1971: 1904: 711: 192: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 1752:

Most DVD±R/RWs are advertised using the definition of 1

30: 827:" method to provide sector address information. 2360: 1224:

Like other "plus" media, it is possible to change the

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Other changes include the removal of a dedicated SCSI

2803:

Machine will not record 16:9 format video to DVD+R(W)

2545:"GH24NSD0 SPECIFICATIONS Model GH24NSD0 For LG-Brand" 2280: 2037:, an obsolete technology (with non-binary modulation) 1928:. The alloy can be switched back and forth between a 723:

The larger storage capacity of a DVD-R compared to a

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Media of higher quality tends to last longer. Using

1847:

Optical disc recording technologies § Longevity

1055:). However, on both +R and -R types, some models of 718: 3312:, Cupertino: Optical Storage Technology Association 2639: 870:(4,700,000,000 bytes). The format was developed by 3074:"Sony's 'miracle' DVD writer hits 24x write speed" 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 346:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD) 3350:"Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD", 2431:"Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W) - Myce.com" 3475: 2739:"Double Layer DVD+RW Media Closer to Production" 3411:(technical specification), ISO/IEC, 2008, 25434 3400:(technical specification), ISO/IEC, 2005, 17344 2753:"Dual Layer DVD Re-writable Formats On the Way" 2342: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2238: 1900:of 140.6 kHz used for motor control, etc. 989:capable of writing to either dash or plus discs 3419:What's the difference between DVD-R and DVD+R? 2379: 2377: 874:in November 1999 and has been approved by the 3447:Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD 3309:Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD 2745: 2249: 1561:(ZCLV). The table below largely assumes CAV. 1160:adding such information for later retrieval. 900:There are three revisions of DVD-RW known as 882:holds 1.46 GB, with a diameter of 8 cm. 619: 3162: 2731: 2298: 1887:DVD-R discs are composed of two 0.6 mm 754:written once and read arbitrarily many times 2671: 2374: 1194:. It has become very difficult to find new 2116: 2090:Understanding DVD - Physical Compatibility 1947:In October 2003, it was demonstrated that 683:(also DVD+/-R, or "DVD plus/dash R") is a 626: 612: 3242: 3197:JVC introduces archival grade DVD-R media 3013:"Increased compatibility: DVD bitsetting" 2993: 2838:"Everything you Wanted to Know About CDs" 2764: 2762: 2312:Archive of TSSTcorp optical drive manuals 1179:(unwritten) state after the first write. 1026:, the "plus" format uses a more reliable 915:The writing of DVD-RW Version 1.2 is not 2524:"SPECIFICATIONS Model GHB0N.AFCK101 for" 2471:"Maxell DVD+RW RITEK...004 4x DVD Media" 2423: 2209: 1840: 1720:drives released since 2007, such as the 980: 884: 743: 29: 3305: 3295: 2994:McFarland, Patrick (October 30, 2006), 2770:"Understanding DVD -Recording Hardware" 2385:"DVD6C Announces New Licensing Program" 2316: 2257:"Notice to the DVD-RW Book Subscribers" 1975:newer and higher-capacity formats like 1731:(2013) and Blu-Ray writers such as the 598:High-definition optical disc format war 14: 3494:Computer-related introductions in 1997 3476: 3209: 3128:Optical Storage Technology Association 3034: 2904: 2778:Optical Storage Technology Association 2759: 2586: 2225:Optical Storage Technology Association 2166: 2094:Optical Storage Technology Association 437:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD) 320:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD) 2961:"DVD+RW Alliance - Customer Benefits" 2947:"Method for controlling optical disk" 2614:"AOpen DVD+RW RW5120A Manual Germany" 2516: 2445: 893:The primary advantage of DVD-RW over 3453:Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W) 3364:Why DVD+R(W) is superior to DVD-R(W) 3150:CD-R and DVD-R RW Longevity Research 2558: 2155:(standard). ECMA. December 1998. 279 2051:List of DVD recordable manufacturers 1851:DVD § Disc quality measurements 779: 649:formats that can be written to by a 2997:How To Choose CD/DVD Archival Media 2723:. February 21, 2009. Archived from 2647:"CD-DVD Speed Recorder Information" 1271:, for example, holds 1.46 GB. 1005: 739: 24: 3426:), DVD demystified, archived from 3306:——— (Apr 2004), 3047:. TEAC Corporation. Archived from 2888:"Power Calibration Error Messages" 1576:Write time for single-layer DVD-R 845: 815:The DVD-R format was developed by 27:Recordable optical disk technology 25: 3515: 3484:Audiovisual introductions in 1997 3375:Care and Handling of CDs and DVDs 3333: 3168: 1877: 1040: 930:at the rated speed, similarly to 719:Comparing recordable CDs and DVDs 2890:. March 27, 2010. Archived from 2124:"History of Pioneer Corporation" 1963:appeared on the market in 2005. 1116:and improves compatibility with 1107: 889:The data side of a blank DVD-RW. 838:and Super Multi (which includes 783: 593:History of optical storage media 313:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) 48: 3289: 3276: 3231: 3188: 3141: 3116: 3095: 3066: 3005: 2987: 2953: 2939: 2925: 2898: 2880: 2866: 2848: 2830: 2809: 2791: 2713: 2695: 2684:from the original on 2012-09-24 2665: 2606: 2580: 2537: 2491: 2463: 2402: 2134:from the original on 2017-07-15 1183: 842:support) and are very popular. 3504:Optical computer storage media 2905:Ballou, Glen (March 5, 2015). 2356:Pioneer computer drive archive 2330:. Club Myce. 24 September 2003 2328:Club Myce - Knowledge is Power 2245:Pioneer computer drive archive 2191: 2145: 2098: 2083: 2064: 1559:zoned constant linear velocity 13: 1: 3443:- publicly available standard 2057: 1942: 1741: 938:DVD+R and DVD+RW (DVD "plus") 776:DVD-R and DVD-RW (DVD "dash") 732:in conjunction with a higher 657:. The "recordable" discs are 299:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD) 3255:. 2005-04-04. Archived from 2908:Handbook for Sound Engineers 1915: 306:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD) 7: 2672:van Hove, Peter (c. 2012). 2455:(User manual) (in Korean), 1986: 1882: 1833: 1830: 1822: 1819: 1811: 1808: 1800: 1797: 1789: 1786: 1778: 1775: 1708: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1000: 458:Nintendo optical disc (NOD) 444:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc 423:Ultra Density Optical (UDO) 10: 3520: 3219:. Nordex Media. 6 May 2017 2801:(user manual), Panasonic, 2387:. DVD6C LA. Archived from 1844: 1745: 1278: 1235: 1231: 1044: 942: 292:Universal Media Disc (UMD) 2921:– via Google Books. 2587:Maguin, T. (2014-02-26). 2499:"DVD+RW 4x RITEK-004-000" 1555:constant angular velocity 1290: 1281:DVD § Transfer rates 1091:constant angular velocity 1053:constant angular velocity 1047:DVD § Transfer rates 748:DVD-RW discs on a spindle 653:and by computers using a 559:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions 367:Personal Video Disc (PVD) 3499:Optical computer storage 3019:(review). Archived from 2589:"cdvdcontrol • man page" 2368:"High Frequency Wobbles" 1922:phase change metal alloy 1551:constant linear velocity 1274: 1254: 1145:, although supported by 1098:constant linear velocity 2552:Hitachi-LG Data Storage 2203:Pioneer Electronics USA 2110:Pioneer Electronics USA 2046:Blu-ray Disc recordable 1546:optimal numbers below. 752:"R" format DVDs can be 565:Universal Disk Format ( 430:3D optical data storage 409:Video Single Disc (VSD) 3174:qpxtool.sourceforge.io 3000:, Ad terras pera spera 1861:surface error scanning 1014:in collaboration with 990: 890: 770:optical disc authoring 749: 710:, DVD recordable uses 519:(layer jump recording) 85:Recording technologies 75:Optical disc authoring 35: 3389:(standard), ECMA, 279 3157:: Library of Congress 2933:"Optical disk device" 2727:on February 21, 2009. 2370:. Daniel Abramovitch. 1841:Quality and longevity 1263:) for use in compact 985:An internal computer 984: 888: 747: 416:Magneto-optical discs 33: 2324:"Ritek DVD-RW tests" 2035:MultiLevel Recording 1211:address in pregroove 993:On 25 January 2008, 917:backwards-compatible 665:') to the disc by a 659:write-once read-many 645:are a collection of 3378:(report), Clir, 121 3298:EMedia Professional 3124:"Understanding DVD" 2457:Samsung Electronics 2128:Pioneer Corporation 1865:deteriorating media 1748:DVD § Capacity 1688:4 min 30 sec (CAV) 1660:5 min 30 sec (CAV) 1646:5 min 45 sec (CAV) 1573:Data rate (Mbit/s) 1297:Equivalent CD rate 1192:DVD Multi Recorders 1126:simulated recording 1028:bi-phase modulation 161:), Super Video CD ( 114:Optical media types 3441:ISO/IEC 17342:2004 3430:on August 22, 2009 3170:"QPxTool glossary" 3104:The Byte Converter 3054:on 30 January 2015 2894:on March 27, 2010. 2860:www.optiarcinc.com 2179:. TEAC Corporation 1718:DVD Multi Recorder 991: 954:phase-locked loops 891: 795:. You can help by 750: 734:numerical aperture 145:, Super Audio CD ( 102:Burst cutting area 80:Authoring software 70:Optical disc drive 36: 2741:. March 30, 2006. 2709:. 31 August 2007. 2568:. 7 February 2003 1838: 1837: 1765:Decimal Capacity 1706: 1705: 1702:~4 minutes (CAV) 1632:8 minutes (ZCLV) 1618:15 minutes (CLV) 1604:30 minutes (CLV) 1570:Data rate (MB/s) 1524: 1523: 958:phase-locked loop 912:(November 2003). 813: 812: 636: 635: 473:Professional Disc 380:MD Data, MD Data2 274:Mini Blu-ray Disc 16:(Redirected from 3511: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3431: 3412: 3401: 3390: 3379: 3368: 3357: 3345: 3313: 3301: 3283: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3205: 3204:on June 14, 2012 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3120: 3114: 3112: 3107:, archived from 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3080:. Archived from 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3023:on July 24, 2008 3009: 3003: 3001: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2975:on 7 August 2003 2971:. Archived from 2957: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2824: 2813: 2807: 2805: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2766: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2549: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2396: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2364: 2358: 2353: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2320: 2314: 2309: 2296: 2291: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2270: 2264:www.dvdforum.org 2261: 2253: 2247: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2195: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2178: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2160: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2102: 2096: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2068: 1955:per disc. These 1898:wobble frequency 1768:Binary Capacity 1759: 1758: 1725:SH-S203/TS-H653B 1674:5 minutes (CAV) 1564: 1563: 1294:Disc write time 1285: 1284: 1205: 1149:optical drives. 1089:Reading speeds ( 1035:wobble frequency 1006:Wobble frequency 866:, typically 4.7 860:storage capacity 854:is a rewritable 808: 805: 787: 780: 740:R and RW formats 628: 621: 614: 513:(packet writing) 278:Ultra HD Blu-ray 266:BD-R & BD-RE 52: 38: 37: 21: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3474: 3473: 3464: 3462: 3457: 3449:by Hugh Bennett 3416: 3405: 3394: 3383: 3372: 3361: 3349: 3339: 3336: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3277: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3167: 3163: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3133: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3087: 3085: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3026: 3024: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2969:DVD+RW Alliance 2959: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2931: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2903: 2899: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2822: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2768: 2767: 2760: 2755:. June 7, 2006. 2751: 2750: 2746: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2687: 2685: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2597: 2595: 2585: 2581: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2526: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2507: 2505: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2434: 2433:. June 23, 2003 2429: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2394: 2392: 2383: 2382: 2375: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2354: 2343: 2333: 2331: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2299: 2292: 2281: 2268: 2266: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2243: 2239: 2229: 2227: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2135: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2088: 2084: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2055: 1989: 1959:(DL) versions, 1945: 1918: 1885: 1880: 1853: 1843: 1750: 1744: 1711: 1283: 1277: 1257: 1240: 1234: 1203: 1196:computer drives 1173:null characters 1110: 1049: 1043: 1024:DVD+RW Alliance 1008: 1003: 945: 940: 848: 846:DVD-RW versions 809: 803: 800: 793:needs expansion 778: 766:video recorders 758:DVD+RW Alliance 742: 721: 632: 603: 602: 588: 580: 579: 494: 486: 485: 115: 107: 106: 90:Recording modes 60: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3517: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3472: 3471: 3461:. 23 June 2004 3455: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3433: 3414: 3403: 3392: 3381: 3370: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3334:External links 3332: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3303: 3300:, pp. 30+ 3291: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3275: 3241: 3230: 3208: 3187: 3161: 3140: 3115: 3094: 3065: 3033: 3004: 2986: 2952: 2938: 2924: 2917: 2897: 2879: 2865: 2847: 2829: 2817:"What is DVD?" 2808: 2790: 2758: 2744: 2730: 2712: 2694: 2664: 2638: 2605: 2579: 2557: 2536: 2515: 2490: 2462: 2444: 2422: 2401: 2373: 2359: 2341: 2315: 2297: 2279: 2248: 2237: 2208: 2190: 2165: 2144: 2115: 2097: 2082: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2007: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1944: 1941: 1917: 1914: 1910:data retention 1884: 1881: 1879: 1878:Disc structure 1876: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1743: 1740: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1532:rotation speed 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1508:265.92 Mbit/s 1506: 1502: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1488:221.60 Mbit/s 1486: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1468:199.44 Mbit/s 1466: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1448:177.28 Mbit/s 1446: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1428:110.80 Mbit/s 1426: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1300:Reading speed 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1276: 1273: 1267:. The smaller 1256: 1253: 1236:Main article: 1233: 1230: 1169:optical drives 1154:Nero DiscSpeed 1109: 1106: 1102:optical drives 1061:optical drives 1042: 1041:Transfer rates 1039: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 965: 944: 941: 939: 936: 921:optical drives 878:. The smaller 847: 844: 811: 810: 790: 788: 777: 774: 741: 738: 720: 717: 643:DVD rewritable 639:DVD recordable 634: 633: 631: 630: 623: 616: 608: 605: 604: 601: 600: 595: 589: 586: 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 576: 575: 570: 563: 562: 561: 556: 551: 545: 540: 527: 522: 521: 520: 514: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 484: 483: 476: 469: 461: 454: 447: 440: 433: 426: 419: 412: 405: 389: 382: 370: 363: 356: 349: 342: 323: 316: 309: 302: 295: 288: 281: 276:, 4K Blu-ray ( 259:Blu-ray Disc ( 256: 189: 143:5.1 Music Disc 120:Compact disc ( 116: 113: 112: 109: 108: 105: 104: 99: 98: 97: 95:Packet writing 92: 82: 77: 72: 67: 61: 58: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3516: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3460: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3354: 3348: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3337: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3293: 3279: 3272: 3262:on 2014-12-21 3258: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3234: 3218: 3212: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3191: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3144: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3111:on 2013-11-03 3110: 3106: 3105: 3098: 3084:on 2010-01-15 3083: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2928: 2920: 2918:9781135016661 2914: 2911:. CRC Press. 2910: 2909: 2901: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2875: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2843: 2842:www.co-bw.com 2839: 2833: 2818: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2754: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2668: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2626: 2623:(in German). 2622: 2621:ftp.AOpen.com 2615: 2609: 2594: 2593:helpmanual.io 2590: 2583: 2567: 2561: 2553: 2546: 2540: 2533:. 2013-11-13. 2532: 2525: 2519: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2432: 2426: 2411: 2405: 2391:on 2008-01-29 2390: 2386: 2380: 2378: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2276: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2241: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2175: 2169: 2154: 2148: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1869:optical drive 1866: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1827: 1826: 1816: 1815: 1805: 1804: 1794: 1793: 1783: 1782: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1749: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1716: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1540: 1537: 1534:of DVD at ×1 1533: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1503: 1483: 1463: 1443: 1423: 1408:88.64 Mbit/s 1403: 1388:66.48 Mbit/s 1383: 1368:55.40 Mbit/s 1363: 1348:44.32 Mbit/s 1343: 1328:22.16 Mbit/s 1323: 1308:11.08 Mbit/s 1303: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1252: 1250: 1244: 1239: 1229: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1158:proprietarily 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114:random access 1108:Functionality 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1048: 1038: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010:Developed by 998: 996: 988: 983: 979: 976: 972: 968: 966: 963: 959: 955: 949: 935: 933: 929: 924: 922: 919:with earlier 918: 913: 911: 907: 903: 898: 896: 887: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 843: 841: 837: 833: 828: 826: 822: 818: 807: 798: 794: 791:This section 789: 786: 782: 781: 773: 771: 767: 761: 759: 755: 746: 737: 735: 730: 726: 716: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 629: 624: 622: 617: 615: 610: 609: 607: 606: 599: 596: 594: 591: 590: 584: 583: 574: 571: 568: 564: 560: 557: 555: 552: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 534: 531: 530: 529:File systems 528: 526: 525:Rainbow Books 523: 518: 515: 512: 511:Mount Rainier 509: 508: 507: 503: 500: 497: 496: 490: 489: 482: 481: 477: 475: 474: 470: 468: 466: 465:Archival Disc 462: 460: 459: 455: 453: 452: 448: 446: 445: 441: 439: 438: 434: 432: 431: 427: 425: 424: 420: 418: 417: 413: 411: 410: 406: 404: 400: 397: 395: 390: 388: 387: 383: 381: 378: 376: 371: 369: 368: 364: 362: 361: 357: 355: 354: 350: 348: 347: 343: 341: 337: 333: 330: 328: 324: 322: 321: 317: 315: 314: 310: 308: 307: 303: 301: 300: 296: 294: 293: 289: 287: 286: 282: 279: 275: 271: 267: 264: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 196: 194: 190: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 157:), Video CD ( 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125: 123: 118: 117: 111: 110: 103: 100: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 56: 55: 51: 47: 46: 43: 42:Optical discs 40: 39: 32: 19: 3463:. 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Retrieved 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2085: 2075: 2066: 2041:Blu-ray Disc 1999:DVD recorder 1965: 1960: 1949:double layer 1946: 1919: 1902: 1894: 1886: 1873: 1858: 1854: 1751: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1712: 1567:Drive speed 1548: 1544: 1525: 1511:33.240 MB/s 1491:27.700 MB/s 1471:24.930 MB/s 1451:22.160 MB/s 1431:13.850 MB/s 1411:11.080 MB/s 1288:Drive speed 1268: 1258: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1208: 1201: 1191: 1188: 1181: 1176: 1164: 1162: 1151: 1124: 1122: 1111: 1095: 1088: 1085: 1073: 1050: 1032: 1009: 992: 977: 973: 969: 962: 950: 946: 925: 914: 909: 905: 901: 899: 892: 879: 856:optical disc 851: 849: 829: 825:land pre-pit 814: 801: 797:adding to it 792: 762: 751: 728: 722: 705: 692: 688: 680: 679: 651:DVD recorder 647:optical disc 642: 638: 637: 478: 471: 463: 456: 451:Hyper CD-ROM 449: 442: 435: 428: 421: 414: 407: 391: 384: 372: 365: 358: 351: 344: 325: 318: 311: 304: 297: 290: 283: 258: 191: 153:, CD Video ( 119: 65:Optical disc 2627:, Inc. 2002 2572:30 December 1930:crystalline 1828:MiniDVD DL 1715:half-height 1391:8.310 MB/s 1371:6.925 MB/s 1351:5.540 MB/s 1331:2.770 MB/s 1311:1.385 MB/s 1269:Mini DVD-RW 1167:command in 1118:DVD players 1069:Taiyo Yuden 1057:half-height 910:Version 1.2 908:(2000) and 906:Version 1.1 902:Version 1.0 880:Mini DVD-RW 858:with equal 852:DVD-RW disc 729:track pitch 392:LaserDisc ( 3478:Categories 3353:Technology 3266:2016-03-25 3134:2008-09-06 3088:2009-02-26 3058:30 January 3027:2008-09-15 2823:2008-07-23 2688:2020-07-19 2416:2013-01-29 2395:2008-01-25 2183:30 January 2159:2013-01-29 2138:2019-12-06 2076:Technology 2058:References 1957:dual layer 1943:Dual layer 1908:long-term 1845:See also: 1746:See also: 1742:Capacities 1557:(CAV), or 1291:Data rate 1279:See also: 1265:camcorders 1184:Dual layer 1059:(desktop) 1045:See also: 1022:and their 987:DVD writer 928:error rate 832:format war 772:software. 675:home video 655:DVD writer 548:Rock Ridge 517:Mount Fuji 373:MiniDisc ( 340:HD DVD-RAM 270:Blu-ray 3D 3342:DVD Forum 3176:. QPxTool 3017:CD freaks 2965:dvdrw.com 2799:DMR-EX769 2783:14 August 2678:IsoBuster 2631:13 August 2598:13 August 2508:13 August 2483:13 August 2476:VideoHelp 2334:13 August 2020:DVD+RW DL 1968:DVD Forum 1937:amorphous 1916:RW format 1903:In 2011, 1834:2.54 GiB 1823:1.39 GiB 1812:4.38 GiB 1801:8.15 GiB 1795:DVD±R DL 1790:4.38 GiB 1779:4.38 GiB 1553:(CLV) to 1251:DVD-RAM. 1226:book type 876:DVD Forum 821:DVD Forum 804:July 2020 685:shorthand 573:ISO 13490 554:El Torito 493:Standards 336:HD DVD-RW 242:DVD-Video 175:CD-ROM XA 3078:TG daily 2707:Engadget 2682:Archived 2437:24 April 2132:Archived 2072:"DVD QA" 2015:DVD+R DL 2005:DVD-R DL 1987:See also 1961:DVD-R DL 1924:, often 1883:R format 1831:2.66 GB 1820:1.46 GB 1817:MiniDVD 1809:4.70 GB 1806:DVD-RAM 1798:8.55 GB 1787:4.70 GB 1776:4.70 GB 1754:gigabyte 1736:BE16NU50 1729:SH-224DB 1722:TSSTcorp 1709:Adoption 1520:32×–48× 1500:32×–40× 1480:32×–40× 1460:32×–40× 1440:32×–40× 1420:32×–40× 1400:24×–32× 1380:24×–32× 1360:24×–32× 1340:20×–24× 1076:TSSTcorp 1065:Verbatim 1001:Features 904:(1999), 587:See also 533:ISO 9660 480:DataPlay 332:HD DVD-R 218:DVD+R DS 214:DVD-R DS 210:DVD+R DL 206:DVD-R DL 151:Photo CD 3465:30 July 3424:Q&A 3223:30 July 3180:22 July 2979:30 July 2657:30 July 2651:ImgBurn 2531:Fujitsu 2269:27 July 2230:28 July 2030:MiniDVD 2025:DVD-RAM 1977:Blu-ray 1935:and an 1889:acrylic 1784:DVD±RW 1762:Format 1590:1 hour 1526:Notes: 1374:11 min 1354:14 min 1334:27 min 1320:8×–18× 1314:53 min 1261:miniDVD 1238:DVD-RAM 1232:DVD-RAM 1156:allows 1147:Plextor 1016:Philips 943:History 872:Pioneer 840:DVD-RAM 817:Pioneer 701:DVD-RAM 697:DVD-RAM 693:DVD±R/W 671:DVD-ROM 254:MiniDVD 250:EcoDisc 230:DVD-RAM 187:Mini CD 171:CD-Text 59:General 3367:, Myce 3356:, Osta 3130:. 2004 2915: 2479:. 2006 2459:, 2007 2078:, Osta 2001:(DVDR) 1981:HD DVD 1970:, and 1953:8.5 GB 1926:GeSbTe 1849:, and 1773:DVD±R 1699:253.44 1685:232.32 1671:211.20 1657:190.08 1643:168.96 1514:2 min 1494:2 min 1474:3 min 1454:4 min 1434:6 min 1414:7 min 1394:9 min 1143:DVD-RW 689:DVD±RW 663:burned 550:/ SUSP 538:Joliet 403:LV-ROM 399:LD-ROM 360:GD-ROM 327:HD DVD 285:M-DISC 226:DVD+RW 222:DVD-RW 183:MIL-CD 131:CD-ROM 18:DVD-RW 3260:(PDF) 3253:(PDF) 3052:(PDF) 3045:(PDF) 2625:AOpen 2617:(PDF) 2548:(PDF) 2527:(PDF) 2177:(PDF) 1933:phase 1713:Some 1696:31.68 1682:29.04 1668:26.40 1654:23.76 1640:21.12 1629:84.48 1626:10.56 1615:42.24 1601:21.12 1587:10.56 1517:216× 1497:180× 1477:162× 1457:144× 1275:Speed 1255:Sizes 1177:blank 1165:erase 1139:DVD-R 1135:CD-RW 1081:P-CAV 995:DVD6C 932:CD-RW 895:DVD-R 864:DVD-R 862:to a 836:DVD±R 708:CD-Rs 706:Like 681:DVD±R 667:laser 543:Romeo 502:ATAPI 386:Hi-MD 353:VCDHD 238:DVD-A 234:DVD-D 202:DVD+R 198:DVD-R 139:CD-RW 127:CD-DA 3467:2020 3225:2020 3182:2020 3060:2015 2981:2020 2913:ISBN 2785:2020 2659:2020 2633:2020 2600:2020 2574:2016 2510:2020 2485:2020 2439:2017 2336:2020 2271:2020 2232:2020 2185:2015 2010:CD-R 1979:and 1612:5.28 1598:2.64 1584:1.32 1530:The 1505:24× 1485:20× 1465:18× 1445:16× 1437:90× 1425:10× 1417:72× 1397:54× 1377:45× 1357:36× 1337:18× 1141:and 1131:CD-R 1123:The 1096:All 1067:and 1033:The 1020:Sony 1018:and 725:CD-R 641:and 467:(AD) 179:CD-i 167:CD+G 163:SVCD 147:SACD 135:CD-R 3489:DVD 1994:DVD 1972:JVC 1905:JVC 1693:24× 1679:22× 1665:20× 1651:18× 1637:16× 1536:CAV 1405:8× 1385:6× 1365:5× 1345:4× 1325:2× 1317:9× 1305:1× 1249:and 1186:). 799:. 712:dye 567:UDF 506:MMC 499:SFF 246:HVD 193:DVD 165:), 159:VCD 155:CDV 149:), 3480:: 3269:. 3172:. 3155:US 3153:, 3126:. 3076:. 3015:. 2967:. 2963:. 2858:. 2840:. 2776:. 2772:. 2761:^ 2705:. 2680:. 2676:. 2649:. 2619:. 2591:. 2550:. 2529:. 2501:. 2473:. 2376:^ 2344:^ 2326:. 2300:^ 2282:^ 2273:. 2262:. 2223:. 2219:. 2201:. 2130:. 2126:. 2108:. 2092:- 2074:, 1983:. 1912:. 1871:. 1734:LG 1623:8× 1609:4× 1595:2× 1581:1× 1206:. 1137:, 1133:, 1083:. 1071:. 1012:HP 934:. 868:GB 850:A 677:. 401:, 396:): 394:LD 377:): 375:MD 338:, 334:, 272:, 268:, 263:): 261:BD 252:, 248:, 244:, 240:, 236:, 232:, 228:, 224:, 220:, 216:, 212:, 208:, 204:, 200:, 185:, 181:, 177:, 173:, 169:, 141:, 137:, 133:, 129:, 124:): 122:CD 3469:. 3432:. 3422:( 3413:. 3402:. 3391:. 3380:. 3369:. 3358:. 3346:. 3314:. 3302:. 3227:. 3206:. 3184:. 3159:. 3137:. 3113:. 3091:. 3062:. 3030:. 3002:. 2983:. 2949:. 2935:. 2876:. 2862:. 2844:. 2826:. 2806:. 2787:. 2691:. 2661:. 2635:. 2602:. 2576:. 2554:. 2512:. 2487:. 2441:. 2419:. 2398:. 2338:. 2234:. 2205:. 2187:. 2162:. 2141:. 2112:. 2080:. 806:) 802:( 627:e 620:t 613:v 569:) 504:/ 329:: 280:) 195:: 20:)

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