32:
2187:
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1095:. Most DVD players support the video formats VCD, SVCD and DVD (with horizontal resolutions of 352, 480 and 720 pixels respectively) but the best resolution usually dictates the design of all the electronics components, most notably the low pass filter. With only one analog low pass filter optimised for one video format (usually DVD 720), the other two video format will suffer from aliasing. The SVCD format is especially prone to "
184:
41:
2197:
1122:(CVD) is a CD-based video format which was created during the development of the SVCD standard and is almost identical to SVCD. The primary technical difference is a lower (horizontal) video resolution of 352×480 (NTSC) or 352×576 (PAL/SECAM). Because 352×480/576 is a recognized DVD resolution, CVD video (but not audio) is fully compatible with the DVD-Video standard, and avoids the "foldover" (or
27:
1194:. The Chinese government was concerned that the DVD format was too tightly controlled by foreign companies, and that a significant opportunity existed for the development of a domestic format that could deliver comparable quality without the restrictions of DVD. It was also hoped that SVCD's development would help to drive down the cost of consumer DVD players and DVD licensing fees in
1205:(a major producer of chips for Video CD players), was the earliest entry, having completed its specification in 1997, before the other two had even reached a draft stage. Super Video CD (SVCD) was second, being developed by the government-backed China Recording Standards Committee, under direction from the Chinese Ministry of Information Industry, with technical support from
1126:) problems encountered when playing SVCDs on DVD players. The lower resolution also allows the bitrate to be reduced while keeping compression artifacts to a minimum. CVD also supports all of the additional features (selectable subtitles, multiple audio tracks, and so on) which are supported by SVCD.
1244:
or 超级 in written
Chinese, meaning "super") in November 1998, which was adopted by the Chinese government as the "official" next-generation video disc standard. Chaoji VCD is effectively synonymous with Super VCD. A Super VCD player must be able to play a variety of formats, including SVCD, CVD, VCD
1232:
The
Chinese Ministry of Information and the Video CD Consortium agreed to join forces, incorporating the features of HQ-VCD under a unified SVCD format. But by the time the SVCD specification was ready in July 1998, CVD had already been adopted by major manufacturers and had quickly established a
939:
Because of its 480x480 resolution, SVCD picture quality is more than double that of VCD. On the downside, this increase in picture resolution sacrifices video length capacity by over 50%. Because of this, titles released on SVCD had to come on twice the number of discs.
1051:
Variable bit rate encoding, while not supported by the MPEG-1 Audio Layer II standard, is part of the SVCD specification. However, variable bit rate audio is not consistently supported by standalone players, and thus the format is rarely used.
1099:" because the 480p format doesn't fit well over a 720p output. The aliasing artifacts that result from this bad fit are usually buried in noise from other sources, such as camera, quantization, and
1075:
streams, chapters, playlists, and DVD-quality still images/slide shows, along with audio, with a resolution of 704x480 (480i, analog NTSC compatible) or 704x576 (576i, analog PAL/SECAM compatible).
1190:-sponsored effort to create a next-generation CD-based video standard. The primary motivating factor was the need for an alternative to the DVD format that would not be restricted by technology
1137:(eXtended Super VCD) is the name generally given to any format that stores MPEG-2 video on a compact disc in mode 2/XA, at SVCD resolution, but does not strictly meet the SVCD standard.
1263:, and several other Asian countries (except the Philippines). In the Western world, the format is more commonly used to store home videos or movies copied from DVD and
1083:
Play back of SVCD titles is impaired when played on most DVD players, causing dropped frames, choppy video playback or skipping of sound. This is due to the chosen
828:
format. The first track is in CD-ROM XA Mode 2, Form 1, and contains metadata about the disc. The other tracks are in Mode 2, Form 2, and contain audio and video
840:
of data to be stored on one 80 minute CD (versus 700 megabytes when using Mode 1). One CD can hold up to 35 minutes of full quality SVCD-format video and audio.
2013:
1237:
of about 600,000 players. This prompted the
Chinese government to force a compromise between the competing standards in order to maintain compatibility.
959:
standards due to a conflict in resolution. However, many DVD and Blu-ray players will play back SVCD resolution video from a DVD or Blu-ray disc anyway.
3097:
3082:
1159:(RoBa SVCD) uses the Robshot-Bach (RoBa) method for encoding MPEG-2 video using CCE in creating SVCD-compliant discs. RSVCD was popularized on the
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2018:
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1178:. MVCD can encode either MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video to VCD, SVCD, or DVD standard resolution. Many players accept MVCD encoded discs.
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surround sound format, although space constraints and inconsistent hardware support make it impractical, and very uncommon.
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Philips added an SVCD logo to its canon of official
Compact Disc logos. SVCD titles were available commercially in China,
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can be used. These changes can be advantageous for those who want to either maximize video quality, or use fewer discs.
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video ratio in the SVCD format specifications, which doesn't align well with the other more common video formats
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The SVCD and CVD standards were combined into one composite standard known as Chaoji Video CD ("Chaoji" in
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video is supported for SVCD video. 23.976 frames per second video is supported by use of interlacing and
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standard due to the difference in frequency; DVDs require 48 kHz, whereas SVCDs use 44.1 kHz.
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1174:(Mole VCD) is a XSVCD variant that can be created using the MVCD templates included with
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803:, and falls somewhere between both in terms of technical capability and picture quality.
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1964:
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1209:. High-Quality Video CD (HQ-VCD), developed by the Video CD Consortium (consisting of
1198:. Three independent efforts attempted to solve these problems: CVD, SVCD, and HQ-VCD.
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As with most compact disc-based video formats, SVCD audio is incompatible with the
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can be increased, the maximum data rate can be exceeded, and a different MPEG-2
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To reduce the data rate without significantly reducing quality, the size of the
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The SVCD standard supports several other features, including interactive menus,
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1602:"CVD (China Video Disc): What is it, how to test it and what to expect!"
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SVCDs may have two separate stereo, or four mono audio tracks (for
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certified SVCD an international standard CD format, as IEC 62107.
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Audio may have up to 6 channels (in a 5.1 arrangement) using the
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Super video compact disc - Disc-interchange system-specification
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The combined audio and video bit rates should not exceed 2.7
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Super Video CD was developed as part of a late 1990s
951:, Super Video CD video is incompatible with both the
1331:"Understanding Video DVD formats and VCD and SVCD"
480:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
824:format, and are authored (or "burned") using the
3054:
1071:highlighting, four selectable overlay graphic
2237:
1635:
836:(MPEG-PS) container. This allows roughly 800
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1229:specification) was a relatively late entry.
1006:, and multichannel support up to 5.1 output
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39:
30:
25:
3098:Science and technology in the Netherlands
3083:Information technology in the Netherlands
2251:
1560:International Electrotechnical Commission
1181:
943:Unlike other CD-based formats, such as
732:High-definition optical disc format war
3055:
2838:CBHD (China Blue High-definition Disc)
1055:
795:. SVCD was intended as a successor to
571:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
454:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
2225:
1623:
1201:China Video Disc (CVD), developed by
86:780 nm wavelength semiconductor laser
2795:HVD (High-Definition Versatile Disc)
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1380:
1525:
1312:Comparison of video player software
13:
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16:Video CD-based optical disc format
14:
3114:
3063:Audiovisual introductions in 1998
1575:
1225:— creators of the original
2832:HVD (Holographic Versatile Disc)
2205:
2195:
2186:
2185:
1649:
1504:, March 18, 2005, archived from
1477:, August 9, 2005, archived from
1470:The RoBa method for CCE encoding
898:59.94 frames per second (analog
727:History of optical storage media
447:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
182:
3093:Science and technology in Japan
3078:Information technology in Japan
2024:Optical disc authoring software
20:Compact Disc Super Video (SVCD)
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1323:
1:
2822:
2726:
1596:VideoHelp description of SVCD
1582:Technical Explanation of SVCD
1317:
905:50 frames per second (analog
433:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
1384:Making Super Video CD (SVCD)
811:
440:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
7:
1526:Aho, Jukka (May 31, 2001),
1270:
592:Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
578:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
557:Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
10:
3119:
3041:Electronic Video Recording
2014:CD copy protection schemes
1041:or additional languages).
426:Universal Media Disc (UMD)
3021:
2986:
2918:
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2870:
2857:UHD-BD (Ultra HD Blu-ray)
2847:
2775:
2754:PVD (Personal Video Disc)
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2632:
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2181:
2130:
2032:
2006:
1990:
1936:Hardware/software/content
1935:
1815:
1657:
1009:Bit rate: from 32 to 384
693:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
501:Personal Video Disc (PVD)
162:
148:
134:
126:
100:
90:
78:
67:
57:
47:
38:
24:
2735:
2290:Ampex 2 inch helical VTR
1333:. DeskShare Incorporated
1151:
1129:
979:
843:
820:, SVCDs comply with the
807:Technical specifications
777:Super Video Compact Disc
2789:Professional Disc (PFD)
2296:Sony 2 inch helical VTR
2019:CD player manufacturers
1591:AfterDawn's SVCD guides
1529:Super Video CD Overview
1381:Leon (March 21, 2001),
1302:Enhanced Versatile Disc
1166:
699:Universal Disk Format (
564:3D optical data storage
543:Video Single Disc (VSD)
130:audio and video storage
3035:Electronicam kinescope
3022:Video recorded to film
1252:On July 15, 2000, the
1182:History of development
1114:
1013:per second, inclusive
799:and an alternative to
653:(layer jump recording)
219:Recording technologies
209:Optical disc authoring
2849:Ultra-High Definition
2253:Video storage formats
987:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
550:Magneto-optical discs
2033:Variants based on CD
1998:Orange-Book-Standard
1562:(IEC), July 15, 2000
1481:on February 23, 2008
918:Bit rate: Up to 2.6
63:MPEG-2 video + audio
3088:Japanese inventions
1606:ViDEOHelp.com Forum
1508:on November 5, 2003
1203:C-Cube Microsystems
1146:quantization matrix
1056:Additional features
834:MPEG program stream
787:format for storing
295:), Super Video CD (
248:Optical media types
21:
1958:Portable CD player
1838:CD copy protection
1294:- (AKA Mini-DVD),
1188:Chinese government
991:Frequency: 44,100
279:, Super Audio CD (
236:Burst cutting area
214:Authoring software
204:Optical disc drive
19:
3050:
3049:
3017:
3016:
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2865:
2813:BD (Blu-ray Disc)
2783:MUSE Hi-Vision LD
2619:
2618:
2219:
2218:
2055:Video Single Disc
1245:2.0, VCD 1.1 and
1046:MPEG Multichannel
770:
769:
607:Professional Disc
514:MD Data, MD Data2
408:Mini Blu-ray Disc
170:
169:
3110:
3103:Dutch inventions
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2222:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2087:Hybrid DVD-Audio
1848:CD manufacturing
1788:business card CD
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1616:
1614:
1613:
1570:
1569:
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1541:
1532:, archived from
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1517:
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1513:
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1434:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1422:, archived from
1410:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1395:on March 8, 2008
1391:, archived from
1378:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1360:, archived from
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1120:China Video Disc
1002:, dual channel,
945:China Video Disc
855:Resolution: 2/3
762:
755:
748:
647:(packet writing)
412:Ultra HD Blu-ray
400:BD-R & BD-RE
186:
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104:
82:
43:
34:
29:
22:
18:
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3107:
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3013:
2982:
2914:
2862:
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2825:
2776:High Definition
2771:
2729:
2693:
2615:
2554:High Definition
2548:
2507:Digital Betacam
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2002:
1986:
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1184:
1169:
1154:
1132:
1117:
1112:
1110:Similar formats
1081:
1079:Playback issues
1058:
995:(44.1 kHz)
982:
846:
814:
809:
766:
737:
736:
722:
714:
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628:
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249:
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224:Recording modes
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80:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2878:Media agnostic
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2519:Digital-S (D9)
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2040:5.1 Music Disc
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2026:
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2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1992:
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1982:
1980:Mini CD single
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1576:External links
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1353:Glossary, SVCD
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410:, 4K Blu-ray (
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1824:
1823:Rainbow Books
1821:
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1814:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
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1786:
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1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:Mixed Mode CD
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
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1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
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1579:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1536:on 2012-09-14
1535:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1451:
1450:videohelp.com
1447:
1446:
1445:What is SVCD?
1439:
1426:on 2008-03-19
1425:
1421:
1420:allformp3.com
1417:
1416:
1415:Glossary, CVD
1409:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1364:on 2008-03-19
1363:
1359:
1358:allformp3.com
1355:
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1012:
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985:Compression:
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968:
964:
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958:
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858:
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849:Compression:
848:
847:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
804:
802:
798:
794:
793:compact discs
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
743:
741:
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733:
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686:
683:
680:
678:
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673:
670:
669:
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665:
664:
663:File systems
662:
660:
659:Rainbow Books
657:
652:
649:
646:
645:Mount Rainier
643:
642:
641:
637:
634:
631:
630:
624:
623:
616:
615:
611:
609:
608:
604:
602:
600:
599:Archival Disc
596:
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582:
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579:
575:
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572:
568:
566:
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290:
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215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
190:
189:
185:
181:
180:
177:
176:Optical discs
174:
173:
165:
161:
158:
155:
147:
144:
141:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
99:
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93:
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77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
28:
23:
3068:120 mm discs
2741:
2332:Cartrivision
2096:Scarlet Book
1843:CD emulation
1828:CD authoring
1794:
1651:Compact disc
1610:. Retrieved
1608:. 2002-06-21
1605:
1564:, retrieved
1554:
1548:
1538:, retrieved
1534:the original
1528:
1521:
1512:February 22,
1510:, retrieved
1506:the original
1501:MoleVCD 2003
1500:
1494:
1485:February 22,
1483:, retrieved
1479:the original
1469:
1463:
1453:, retrieved
1444:
1438:
1428:, retrieved
1424:the original
1414:
1408:
1397:, retrieved
1393:the original
1383:
1376:
1366:, retrieved
1362:the original
1352:
1346:
1335:. Retrieved
1325:
1258:
1251:
1239:
1233:significant
1231:
1200:
1185:
1171:
1170:
1156:
1155:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1119:
1118:
1084:
1082:
1059:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
971:
967:3:2 pulldown
961:
942:
938:
890:Aspect ratio
815:
791:on standard
780:
776:
772:
771:
612:
605:
597:
590:
585:Hyper CD-ROM
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
541:
525:
518:
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
392:
325:
296:
287:, CD Video (
253:
199:Optical disc
52:Optical disc
2988:Solid state
2826: 2006
2730: 1996
2640:Phonovision
2598:D6 HDTV VTR
2338:Philips VCR
2092:Hybrid SACD
2071:Purple Book
1991:Court cases
1965:CD recorder
1863:CD bronzing
1694:Yellow Book
1684:Orange Book
922:per second
913:compatible)
902:compatible)
895:Framerate:
884:compatible)
869:compatible)
830:multiplexed
822:CD-i Bridge
816:Similar to
526:LaserDisc (
3057:Categories
2525:Betacam SX
2434:Betacam SP
2398:Video 2000
2278:Quadruplex
2211:Wiktionary
2112:Picture CD
1910:Rock Ridge
1880:CD-i Ready
1870:CD subcode
1853:CD ripping
1833:CD burning
1816:Technology
1805:White Book
1772:Beige Book
1720:Green Book
1612:2008-03-20
1566:2008-03-20
1540:2008-03-20
1455:2008-03-20
1430:2008-03-20
1368:2008-03-20
1337:2011-03-20
1318:References
1219:Matsushita
1085:two-thirds
1062:hyperlinks
1039:commentary
963:Interlaced
682:Rock Ridge
651:Mount Fuji
507:MiniDisc (
474:HD DVD-RAM
404:Blu-ray 3D
71:Up to 800
48:Media type
3029:Kinescope
2959:AVC-Intra
2926:CamCutter
2909:DVCPRO HD
2676:Laserfilm
2658:LaserDisc
2625:Videodisc
2562:Sony HDVS
2261:Videotape
2153:LaserDisc
2122:VinylDisc
1975:CD single
1970:CD ripper
1953:CD player
1915:ISO 13490
1890:El Torito
1885:4ch CD-DA
1783:shaped CD
1749:(Karaoke)
1736:Blue Book
1475:doom9.com
1399:March 20,
1389:labdv.com
1296:DVD video
1287:DVD Video
1265:Laserdisc
1261:Hong Kong
1192:royalties
1104:artifacts
1032:DVD-Video
953:DVD-Video
876:, analog
872:480x576 (
865:, analog
861:480x480 (
838:megabytes
826:CD-ROM XA
812:Structure
801:DVD-Video
707:ISO 13490
688:El Torito
627:Standards
470:HD DVD-RW
376:DVD-Video
309:CD-ROM XA
117:Panasonic
101:Developed
96:IEC 62107
83:mechanism
2919:Tapeless
2903:DVCPRO50
2682:CD Video
2646:Ampex-HS
2610:HDCAM SR
2574:BCH 1000
2537:MPEG IMX
2531:Digital8
2191:Category
2158:MiniDisc
2131:See also
2117:VideoNow
2077:DualDisc
2050:CD Video
2045:ATRAC CD
1948:CD drive
1895:ISO 9660
1875:C2 error
1768:Photo CD
1674:Red Book
1584:—
1282:Video CD
1271:See also
1247:CD audio
1227:Video CD
1124:aliasing
1097:foldover
1073:subtitle
1024:bit rate
1022:variable
1018:constant
1011:kilobits
1000:Monaural
998:Output:
949:Video CD
933:bit rate
931:variable
927:constant
920:megabits
797:Video CD
721:See also
667:ISO 9660
614:DataPlay
466:HD DVD-R
352:DVD+R DS
348:DVD-R DS
344:DVD+R DL
340:DVD-R DL
285:Photo CD
163:Released
149:Extended
143:Video CD
135:Extended
92:Standard
68:Capacity
59:Encoding
3037:(1950s)
3008:MicroP2
2929:Editcam
2871:Virtual
2723:MiniDVD
2711:MovieCD
2698:Digital
2543:MicroMV
2475:Digital
2452:S-VHS-C
2422:Betacam
2356:Betamax
2326:U-matic
2308:CV-2000
2201:Commons
2138:Blu-ray
2102:MovieCD
1943:CD Case
1758:Mini CD
1753:Gold CD
1727:CD-Text
1586:Philips
1298:on a CD
1249:discs.
1211:Philips
1176:TMPGEnc
1163:forum.
1066:karaoke
957:Blu-ray
785:digital
783:) is a
388:MiniDVD
384:EcoDisc
364:DVD-RAM
321:Mini CD
305:CD-Text
193:General
109:Philips
3043:(1967)
3031:(1947)
3010:(2012)
3004:(2007)
2998:(2004)
2979:(2012)
2973:(2009)
2971:iFrame
2967:(2007)
2961:(2006)
2955:(2006)
2949:(2005)
2943:(2004)
2941:GBA-TV
2937:(2003)
2931:(1995)
2911:(2000)
2905:(1997)
2899:(1996)
2893:(1995)
2891:DVCPRO
2887:(1995)
2859:(2016)
2840:(2008)
2834:(2007)
2819:MiniBD
2815:(2006)
2809:(2006)
2807:HD DVD
2803:(2006)
2797:(2004)
2791:(2003)
2785:(1994)
2768:(2005)
2762:(2004)
2756:(2003)
2750:(2003)
2744:(1998)
2738:(1998)
2719:(1996)
2713:(1996)
2707:(1993)
2690:(1990)
2684:(1987)
2678:(1984)
2672:(1983)
2666:(1981)
2660:(1978)
2654:(1975)
2648:(1967)
2642:(1927)
2633:Analog
2612:(2003)
2606:(2003)
2600:(2000)
2594:(1998)
2588:(1997)
2582:(1994)
2576:(1992)
2570:(1984)
2564:(1984)
2545:(2001)
2539:(2000)
2533:(1999)
2527:(1996)
2521:(1995)
2515:(1994)
2509:(1993)
2503:(1992)
2497:(1991)
2491:(1988)
2485:(1986)
2466:(1998)
2460:(1989)
2454:(1987)
2448:(1987)
2442:(1986)
2436:(1986)
2430:(1985)
2428:Video8
2424:(1982)
2418:(1982)
2412:(1982)
2406:(1980)
2400:(1980)
2394:(1979)
2388:(1977)
2382:(1976)
2376:(1976)
2374:Type C
2370:(1976)
2368:Type B
2364:(1975)
2358:(1975)
2352:(1974)
2346:(1974)
2344:V-Cord
2340:(1972)
2334:(1972)
2328:(1971)
2322:(1969)
2320:EIAJ-1
2316:(1967)
2310:(1965)
2304:(1965)
2302:Type A
2298:(1961)
2292:(1961)
2286:(1958)
2280:(1956)
2270:Analog
2148:HD DVD
2107:MP3 CD
1900:Joliet
1858:CD rot
1705:CD-MRW
1690:CD-ROM
1242:Pinyin
1004:stereo
851:MPEG-2
684:/ SUSP
672:Joliet
537:LV-ROM
533:LD-ROM
494:GD-ROM
461:HD DVD
419:M-DISC
360:DVD+RW
356:DVD-RW
317:MIL-CD
265:CD-ROM
151:
137:
103:
81:
2953:AVCHD
2935:XDCAM
2897:DVCAM
2592:D-VHS
2586:HDCAM
2580:W-VHS
2568:UniHi
2446:S-VHS
2410:VHS-C
2067:DD-CD
2007:Lists
1905:Romeo
1742:CD+EG
1710:CD-MO
1700:CD-RW
1670:CD-DA
1658:Discs
1196:China
1161:Doom9
1157:RSVCD
1152:RSVCD
1135:XSVCD
1130:XSVCD
1069:lyric
993:hertz
980:Audio
911:SECAM
892:: 4:3
882:SECAM
844:Video
832:in a
789:video
677:Romeo
636:ATAPI
520:Hi-MD
487:VCDHD
372:DVD-A
368:DVD-D
336:DVD+R
332:DVD-R
273:CD-RW
261:CD-DA
127:Usage
2977:XAVC
2742:SVCD
2464:Ruvi
2314:Akai
2284:VERA
2173:WORM
2163:SACD
2082:HDCD
2062:cDVD
1927:XRCD
1795:SVCD
1778:PMCD
1747:CD+G
1715:CD-i
1680:CD-R
1514:2008
1487:2008
1401:2008
1292:cDVD
1221:and
1215:Sony
1172:MVCD
1167:MVCD
1101:MPEG
1091:and
974:Mbps
955:and
947:and
900:NTSC
874:576i
867:NTSC
863:480i
818:VCDs
781:SVCD
601:(AD)
313:CD-i
301:CD+G
297:SVCD
281:SACD
269:CD-R
166:1998
139:from
113:Sony
79:Read
3002:SxS
2965:TOD
2947:MOD
2801:VMD
2766:FVD
2760:UMD
2748:EVD
2736:CVD
2717:DVD
2705:VCD
2688:VSD
2670:VHD
2664:CED
2652:TeD
2604:HDV
2501:DCT
2458:Hi8
2440:MII
2404:CVC
2392:SVR
2380:VHS
2362:IVC
2168:UMD
2143:DVD
1922:UDF
1800:VCD
1732:CD+
1277:DVD
1254:IEC
1223:JVC
1142:GOP
1115:CVD
1093:DVD
1089:VCD
1020:or
929:or
907:PAL
878:PAL
779:or
701:UDF
640:MMC
633:SFF
380:HVD
327:DVD
299:),
293:VCD
289:CDV
283:),
157:DVD
121:JVC
3059::
2996:P2
2885:DV
2823:c.
2727:c.
2513:D5
2495:D3
2489:D2
2483:D1
2386:VK
2350:VX
1665:CD
1604:.
1558:,
1473:,
1448:,
1418:,
1387:,
1356:,
1267:.
1217:,
1213:,
1106:.
1064:,
969:.
857:D1
535:,
530:):
528:LD
511:):
509:MD
472:,
468:,
406:,
402:,
397:):
395:BD
386:,
382:,
378:,
374:,
370:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
319:,
315:,
311:,
307:,
303:,
275:,
271:,
267:,
263:,
258:):
256:CD
153:to
119:,
115:,
111:,
105:by
73:MB
2828:)
2821:(
2732:)
2725:(
2416:M
2245:e
2238:t
2231:v
1643:e
1636:t
1629:v
1615:.
1340:.
909:/
880:/
775:(
761:e
754:t
747:v
703:)
638:/
463::
414:)
329::
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