108:
switching gathers data from many interfaces and then sends them as continually as possible. This means unused time by any given customer can be used to send packets from another. In systems where the total utilization is low or peaky, this can allow many customers to use a single link. The new system was announced in March 1976.
107:
networks were being installed. These offered the ability to greatly increase the number of customers able to use the network. In time division multiplexing, each customer is given a fixed time slot, which is used up even if they do not transmit anything during that period. In contrast, packet
84:
to large business customers like banks and insurance companies who needed to move data between their offices. The company offered only the physical link, it was up to the customers to provide the equipment needed to link their systems together, typically provided by their primary
100:, and then sent across the country on the existing high-speed microwave links. Customers could also save money if they only needed lower data speeds or to exchange data at certain times of the day. On its commercial release in February 1973, it was given the name The Dataroute.
152:
was set up in Ottawa, linked into the network on 9600 bps links directly to the Ottawa and
Toronto nodes. By 1980, the network was available in fourteen major cities, and by the mid-80s, local dialup numbers were available in most cities and larger towns.
119:
project, which released their standards in a series of books starting in 1976 with the "Orange Book". Bell's network was already well developed by this point and changes had to be made in order to conform to the initial standard, known as SNAP.
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Having already set up many of the underlying systems needed to support X.25, DATAPAC was able to open shortly after the publication of the SNAP standard. The traffic was routed in the SL-10 switch, designed by
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opened in 1975, based on proprietary protocols, and converted to X.25 in 1976. Experimental public packet switching networks were in operation in Europe in the early 1970s, including
156:
In its initial installations, customer sites would connect to the network using a SNAP interface, or through the simplified "Interactive
Terminal Interface" which emulated a
65:, it finally reverted to Bell Canada when the Stentor Alliance was dissolved in 1999. Like most X.25 networks in the western world, DATAPAC services were largely replaced by
630:
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connection. Users could pay more to have their traffic prioritized. For normal users, the average packet trip time was 0.36 seconds and for priority users, 0.13 seconds.
92:
In the early 1970s, Bell began exploring ways to make this service more attractive to smaller companies and offices. This led to
Dataroute, carried on the coast-to-coast
115:
networks to seamlessly transit to another, allowing computers to be connected across national boundaries. In 1975, these efforts were formalized under the international
598:
247:, the importance of DATAPAC diminished in the marketplace. Bell phased out support for DATAPAC, discontinuing the service at the end of 2009.
592:
111:
Bell was among many telecommunications companies examining packet switching, and there was a desire to allow data on any one of the
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network. In contrast to earlier leased lines, Dataroute allowed multiple customers to share a single channel, folded together using
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8:
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580:: An example of a Datapac 3201 modem produced by CBC's WANN Connection Devices division.
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to the existing
Dataroute networks. It opened for use in 1976 as the world's first
47:
459:
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28:
663:
338:
Planning an
Evolution: The Story of the Canadian Payments Association, 1980-2002
639:
536:
195:
552:
519:
683:
672:
504:"Commercialization of packet switching (1975-1985): A Canadian perspective"
38:. Initial work on a data-only network started in 1972 and was announced by
35:
217:
81:
77:
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in the 1990s and 2000s. Bell phased out the service on 31 December 2009.
39:
657:
377:(Technical report). Science Council of Canada. August 1971. p. 36.
173:
86:
148:, linked together using Dataroute's existing 56k microwave links. A
145:
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vendors. Such a set-up was not inexpensive to install or operate.
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184:
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24:
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31:
642:: Security considerations for using networks like Datapac
624:- conversion equipment for Datapac 3101 and 3201 hardware
402:
400:
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319:
436:
424:
412:
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connections in a speciality financial industry code.
210:
Teletype (ASCII) connections, both dial and leased.
456:"Calypso Canada speeds ahead with INETCO CashGate"
391:(Technical report). Trans-Canada Telephone System.
670:
665:- Evidence of DATAPAC usage as late as 2011/2012
651:: How DATAPAC was used in the university setting
594:- Another discussion about the DATAPAC network
537:"DATAPAC: a Canadian packet switching network"
375:A Trans-Canada Computer Communications Network
300:was under development in the United Kingdom.
103:Through this period, the first experimental
599:"The Canadian Point of Sales (POS) Market"
501:
325:
656:- Comments about using DATAPAC to access
198:numbers that are purchased by customers.
132:. The initial network had SL-10 nodes in
589:: A discussion about the DATAPAC network
381:
541:Canadian Electrical Engineering Journal
534:
442:
430:
418:
406:
201:
176:transactions between retailers and the
671:
502:Rybczynski, Tony (11 December 2009).
46:. DATAPAC was implemented by adding
13:
14:
695:
568:
633:: Another DATAPAC conversion box
61:, then Telecom Canada, then the
54:designed specifically for X.25.
535:Erskine, S. B. (January 1977).
495:
466:
448:
216:Connections were made by using
191:also used the DATAPAC network.
458:. INETCO. 2006. Archived from
367:
342:
331:
279:
235:With the advent of lower-cost
1:
307:
230:
194:It was also used to transmit
59:Trans-Canada Telephone System
508:IEEE Communications Magazine
312:
7:
250:
168:One of the uses of DATAPAC
10:
700:
631:Precidia Technologies Inc.
98:time division multiplexing
72:
578:Canadian Banknote Company
553:10.1109/CEEJ.1977.6592834
520:10.1109/MCOM.2009.5350364
189:automatic teller machines
150:network operations center
272:
23:in some documents, was
649:University of Waterloo
182:Interac Direct Payment
178:financial institutions
163:
126:Bell Northern Research
94:Trans Canada Microwave
202:Types of connections
180:(banks) through the
52:public data network
679:Wide area networks
257:Internet in Canada
239:technologies like
57:Operated first by
80:had long offered
691:
660:circa late-1980s
623:
621:
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614:
608:. Archived from
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350:"Bell acquiring"
346:
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226:X.25 connections
172:was to transmit
130:Northern Telecom
105:packet switching
63:Stentor Alliance
48:packet switching
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698:
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689:
688:
669:
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587:Phrack Magazine
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326:Rybczynski 2009
324:
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187:network. Some
166:
75:
29:packet switched
12:
11:
5:
697:
687:
686:
681:
667:
666:
661:
652:
643:
640:SANS Institute
634:
625:
595:
590:
581:
570:
569:External links
567:
566:
565:
532:
497:
494:
491:
490:
465:
462:on 2007-09-29.
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196:lottery ticket
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2:
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615:on 2006-10-31
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514:(12): 26–31.
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500:
499:
475:
474:"Phasing out"
469:
461:
457:
451:
445:, p. 34.
444:
439:
433:, p. 32.
432:
427:
421:, p. 33.
420:
415:
409:, p. 31.
408:
403:
401:
399:
390:
384:
376:
370:
351:
345:
339:
334:
328:, p. 26.
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292:in Spain and
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128:and built by
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33:
30:
26:
22:
18:
617:. Retrieved
610:the original
547:(1): 31–36.
544:
540:
511:
507:
496:Bibliography
481:. Retrieved
479:. Chargen.ca
468:
460:the original
450:
443:Erskine 1977
438:
431:Erskine 1977
426:
419:Erskine 1977
414:
407:Erskine 1977
388:
383:
374:
369:
357:. Retrieved
355:. health.gov
344:
333:
321:
281:
234:
223:DATAPAC 3000
213:DATAPAC 3201
207:DATAPAC 3101
193:
167:
155:
122:
110:
102:
91:
82:leased lines
76:
56:
43:
36:data network
34:-equivalent
20:
16:
15:
296:in France.
218:leased line
78:Bell Canada
42:in 1974 as
40:Bell Canada
673:Categories
658:Compuserve
619:2009-12-31
308:References
231:Future use
174:debit card
389:Microwave
313:Citations
87:mainframe
44:Dataroute
576: :
561:30755123
528:23243636
251:See also
146:Montreal
483:23 July
359:23 July
286:Telenet
262:Telenet
170:network
138:Toronto
134:Calgary
73:History
21:Datapac
17:DATAPAC
559:
526:
267:Tymnet
185:EFTPOS
142:Ottawa
67:TCP/IP
25:Canada
613:(PDF)
606:Eicon
602:(PDF)
557:S2CID
524:S2CID
477:(PDF)
353:(PDF)
273:Notes
158:modem
19:, or
684:X.25
485:2018
361:2018
298:EPSS
290:RETD
245:MPLS
144:and
117:X.25
113:PTTs
32:X.25
549:doi
516:doi
294:RCP
237:WAN
164:Use
27:'s
675::
647:-
638:-
629:-
604:.
585:-
555:.
543:.
539:.
522:.
512:47
510:.
506:.
397:^
241:IP
140:,
136:,
622:.
563:.
551::
545:2
530:.
518::
487:.
363:.
243:/
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