56:(Seer). The complexities of the structure become more understandable when we consider that Irish poetry evolved primarily as an orally transmitted art. They were not intended to be read, but recited in public. Form, structure, rhythm and rhyme, intonation, and expression all play an essential part of the performance of poets. The aim was to amaze an audience with vocal virtuosity, knowledge, and spiritual depth. In this they must have succeeded as the Filidh came to be viewed with a sense of awe, respect and fear.
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them across northern Europe. The development of Dán
Direach seems to coincide with the rise of the secular schools in the 12th century. Families that had their roots in the great monastic literary tradition appear to have continued the learned tradition outside the strictly religious environment of the monasteries after the reform of the Irish church in the 12th century. The
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every body else did his Part right. The Bards having first had the
Composition from him, got it well by Heart, and now pronounc'd it orderly, keeping even Pace with a Harp, touch'd upon that Occasion; no other musical Instrument being allow'd of for the said Purpose than this alone, as being Masculin, much sweeter, and fuller than any other."
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An eyewitness account "The Action and
Pronunciation of the Poems, in the Presence of the Maecenas (Chief), or the principal Person it related to, was perform'd with a great deal of Ceremony, in a Consort of Vocal and Instrumental Musick. The poet himself said nothing, but directed and took care that
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Rhyme has an old history of sophisticated development in
Ireland. It was not a feature of Classical Greek or Latin verse. There is some reason to believe that Ireland brought developed forms of rhyme into other European cultures through the influence of the literate monks and foundations created by
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in the 17th century. However, the forms continued in folk memory as chants, prayers and informally delivered lays that continued to be recited in Gaelic speaking areas of
Ireland and Scotland into the early 20th century. Gaelic poetical culture may have continued to influence Caribbean and African
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Consonants were divided into hard, soft, light, rough, and strong groups. Strong consonants rhymed with light for example. Vowels were grouped into broad and slender. The broad vowels are a, o, u, á, ó, & ú. The slender vowels are e, i, é & í. Consonants were classed as broad or slender
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and the Bardic schools during the mid 17th-century. It was a complex form of recitative designed to be chanted to the accompaniment of a harp. This poetry was often delivered by a professional reciter called a
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technique rhymes the final stressed word of one line with the next-to-last unstressed word in the next line. The final rhyming word is called
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and was long and arduous. Poems were created in the dark while lying down. Traditional payment was in gold rings, horses, land or apparel.
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American forms of singing in the 17th and 18th century when the language was spoken by immigrants in the
Caribbean and American south.
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occurs only when the first syllable of each word had the same vowel and consonants of the same class and broadness/slenderness.
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The formal production of Dán
Direach by trained poets came to an end with the destruction of Irish Gaelic society due to the
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Rigby, S.H., (2003) A Companion to
Britain in the Later Middle Ages, Historical Association, Blackwell Publishing,
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family of bards were considered to be the foremost exponents of Dán
Direach throughout the later Medieval period.
147:(division) the quatrain is divided into two parts called leathrann (half verse/couplet). A single line is called
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for "direct verse") is a style of poetry developed in
Ireland from the 12th century until the destruction of the
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151:. Whatever sound, syllable or line a poem begins with, it must end on the same. This is called
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Irish contains many terms for types of rhyme and rhythms used in the delivery of dán direach.
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132:. Some satires were reputed to bring disease and blemish to the accused, others humiliation.
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Many hundreds of poems are still extant as they were collected into poem books called
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52:(poem rider). It was the specialised production of the professional poets known as
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197:, 'attention-tip'. A word can also rhyme with two words instead of just one.
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or equality, and approximates to rhyme in English but has a wider meaning.
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Aer refers to poetical satire, a form used against the powerful. As
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poets had the power to destroy the reputation of even the highest
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Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia. Vol. 1- - Google Books
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The terminology extends to the number of syllables in a word.
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113:Other notable styles practiced may have been the
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16:Poetic style in Ireland (12th to 17th centuries)
200:The standard forms of rhyme were recognised.
101:The training took place in schools under an
239:- a single syllable, or a monosyllabic word
223:, or the repetition of initial consonants.
216:, in which the consonants are the same,
193:, 'tip' and the unstressed rhyming word
159:depending on what vowels preceded them.
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296:Créad acht cás bróin do bhrosdadh? -
143:A poem consisted of quatrains called
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208:, in which the vowels are repeated,
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293:Ar son gur chuir fa chomhthaibh -
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418:A Grammar of the Irish Language
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181:could be final, internal, or
299:Ar bhás níor fhóir Alasdar.
28:[ˌd̪ˠaːn̪ˠˈdʲiːɾʲəx]
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450:Medieval history of Ireland
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290:An domhan ó mhuir go muir
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173:means 'perfect rhyme' and
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334:"Dán Díreach Verse Forms"
121:or mantra of repetition.
117:or death lament and the
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204:meant vowel rhyming or
367:. Allismotion.webs.com
177:means 'broken rhyme'.
61:Plantations of Ireland
336:. Suburbanbanshee.net
311:, poetry composed by
212:consonant rhyming or
71:by wealthy patrons.
460:Early Irish poetry
309:Amra Coluim Chille
281:- 8 syllable word
275:- 7 syllable word
269:- 6 syllable word
263:- 5 syllable word
257:- 4 syllable word
251:- 3 syllable word
245:- 2 syllable word
175:comhardadh briste
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313:Dallán Forgaill
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171:Comhardadh slán
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136:Technical Terms
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50:marcach duaine
41:Gaelic Ireland
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455:Irish poetry
402:. Retrieved
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155:(closing).
88:Performance
20:Dán Díreach
444:Categories
320:References
273:claidemnas
249:iarcomhrac
227:Comhardadh
214:consonance
179:Comhardadh
163:Comhardadh
37:Irish clan
24:pronounced
243:recomhrac
206:assonance
126:satirists
115:caoineadh
82:Ó Dálaigh
404:26 April
391:. 2006.
371:26 April
340:26 April
303:See also
195:airdrinn
130:nobility
97:Training
69:Duanaire
46:reacaire
39:system,
424:Sources
286:Example
261:cloenre
210:uaithne
75:History
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395:
279:bricht
187:Aicill
183:aicill
153:dúnadh
103:Ollamh
54:Filidh
255:felis
237:dialt
109:Types
33:Irish
431:ISBN
406:2014
393:ISBN
373:2014
342:2014
218:uaim
202:Amus
191:rinn
145:rann
119:fonn
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22:(
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