Cycling - Knowledge

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predominantly good self-perceived health, less perceived stress, better mental health, better vitality, and less loneliness. The study attributed these results to possible economic benefits and senses of both independence and identity as a member of a cyclist community. An English study recruiting non-cyclist older adults aged 50 to 83 to participate as either conventional pedal bike cyclists, electrically assisted e-bike cyclists, or a non-cyclist control group in outdoor trails measured cognitive function through executive function, spatial reasoning, and memory tests and well-being through questionnaires. The study did not find significant differences in spatial reasoning or memory tests. It did, however, find that both cyclists groups had improved executive function and well-being, both with greater improvement in the e-bike group. This suggested that non-physical factors of cycling such as independence, engagement with the outdoor environment, and mobility play a greater role in improving mental health.

1604: 1125: 323:. These have frames with relaxed geometry, protecting the rider from shocks of the road and easing steering at low speeds. Utility bicycles tend to be equipped with accessories such as mudguards, pannier racks and lights, which extends their usefulness on a daily basis. Since the bicycle is so effective as a means of transportation, various companies have developed methods of carrying anything from the weekly shop to children on bicycles. Certain countries rely heavily on bicycles and their culture has developed around the bicycle as a primary form of transport. In Europe, Denmark and the Netherlands have the most bicycles per capita and most often use bicycles for everyday transport. 840:

bicycle routes to be established. When cycling, cyclists take into account the safety on the road, bicycle lanes, smooth roads, diverse scenery, and ride length. Thus, the environment plays a huge role in people's decision factor to use bicycle touring more. This study used many questionnaires and conducted statistical analysis to come up with the conclusion of cyclists' top 5 factors that they consider before making a decision to bike are: safety, lighting facility, design of lanes, the surrounding landscape, and how clean the environment is. Thus, after improving these 5 factors, they found much more recreational benefits to bicycle tourism.

1733:(NIOSH) has investigated the potential health effects of prolonged bicycling in police bicycle patrol units, including the possibility that some bicycle saddles exert excessive pressure on the urogenital area of cyclists, restricting blood flow to the genitals. Their study found that using bicycle seats without protruding noses reduced pressure on the groin by at least 65% and significantly reduced the number of cases of urogenital paresthesia. A follow-up found that 90% of bicycle officers who tried the no-nose seat were using it six months later. NIOSH recommends that riders use a no-nose bicycle seat for workplace bicycling. 1536: 950: 1475: 529: 75: 64: 1103: 1463:

ligaments. Further stress of the knee can be relieved by changing seat heights and pedal position to improve the rehabilitation. Cycling is also used for rehabilitation after hip surgery to manage soft-tissue healing, control swelling and pain, and allow a larger range of motion to the nearby muscles earlier during recovery. As a result, many institutions have established a rehabilitation protocol that involves stationary cycling as part of the recovery process. One such protocol offered by Mayo Clinic recommends 2–4 weeks of cycling on an upright stationary bike following

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comparing the effects of air pollution exposure on the health of cyclists was conducted, but the authors concluded that the differing methodologies and measuring parameters of each study made it difficult to compare results and suggested a more holistic approach was needed to accomplish this. The significance of the associated health effect, if any, is unclear but probably much smaller than the health impacts associated with accidents and the health benefits derived from additional physical activity.

672: 1784: 541: 914:. Most mountain biking takes place on dirt roads, trails and in purpose-built parks. Downhill mountain biking has just evolved in the recent years and is performed at places such as Whistler Mountain Bike Park. Slopestyle, a form of downhill, is when riders do tricks such as tailwhips, 360s, backflips and front flips. There are several disciplines of mountain biking besides downhill, including: cross country (often referred to as XC), all mountain, trail, free ride, and newly popular 276: 789: 1405: 221: 969: 7472: 6527: 777: 507: 1616: 635: 498:, occupying road space as car does. Alternately, in countries such as Denmark and the Netherlands, where cycling is popular, cyclists are often segregated into bike lanes at the side of, or more often separate from, main highways and roads. Many primary schools participate in the national road test in which children individually complete a circuit on roads near the school while being observed by testers. 1770: 654:

a quarter of the country's entire 140,000 km road network. A quarter of all trips in the country are made on bicycles, one quarter of them to work. Even the prime minister goes to work by bicycle, when weather permits. This saves the lives of 6,000 citizens per year, prolongs life expectancy by 6 months, saves the country 20 million dollars per year, and prevents 150 grams of CO

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continuous hours a week can cause men to experience numbness or tingling which can lead to them losing the ability to achieve an erection due to reduced blood flow; which 13% of males did experience in a study by Norwegian researchers who gathered data from 160 men participating in a long-distance bike tour. Fitting a proper sized seat can prevent this effect. In extreme cases,

1494:, which seeks to promote walking and cycling as safe and attractive alternatives to motorized transport. Given that many journeys are for relatively short distances, there is considerable scope to replace car use with walking or cycling, though in many settings this may require some infrastructure modification, particularly to attract the less experienced and confident. 301: 576:. The provision of cycling infrastructure varies widely between cities and countries, particularly since cycling for transportation almost entirely occurs in public streets. And, the development of computer vision and street view imagery has provided significant potential to assess infrastructure for cyclists. 1085:

Professional racing organizations place limitations on the bicycles that can be used in the races that they sanction. For example, the Union Cycliste Internationale, the governing body of international cycle sport (which sanctions races such as the Tour de France), decided in the late 1990s to create

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Of a study of 518 cyclists, a large majority reported at least one overuse injury, with over one third requiring medical treatment. The most common injury sites were the neck (48.8%) and the knees (41.7%), as well as the groin/buttocks (36.1%), hands (31.1%), and back (30.3%). Women were more likely

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physical trauma includes injuries to the head and extremities resulting from falls and collisions. Most cycle deaths result from a collision with a car or heavy goods vehicle. Drivers are at fault in the majority of these crashes. Segregated cycling infrastructure reduces the rate of crashes between

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is frequently advocated as a suitable exercise for rehabilitation, particularly for lower limb injury, owing to the low impact which it has on the joints. In particular, cycling is commonly used within knee rehabilitation programs, to strengthen the quadriceps muscles with minimal stress on the knee

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The health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks, when cycling is compared to a sedentary lifestyle. A Dutch study found that cycling can extend lifespans by up to 14 months, but the risks equated to a reduced lifespan of 40 days or less. Mortality rate reduction was found to be directly correlated

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alongside them, or cycle lanes marked on the road. On roads where adjacent bike paths or cycle tracks exist, the use of these facilities is compulsory, and cycling on the main carriageway is not permitted. Some 35,000 km of cycle-track has been physically segregated from motor traffic, equal to

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In jurisdictions where motor vehicles were given priority, cycling has tended to decline while in jurisdictions where cycling infrastructure was built, cycling rates have remained steady or increased. Occasionally, extreme measures against cycling may occur. In Shanghai, where bicycles were once the

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Despite the risk factors associated with bicycling, cyclists have a lower overall mortality rate when compared to other groups. A Danish study in 2000 found that even after adjustment for other risk factors, including leisure time physical activity, those who did not cycle to work experienced a 39%

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as a health risk in developed countries, and is associated with 20-30% increased risk of various cancers, heart disease, and diabetes and tens of billions of dollars of healthcare costs. The WHO's 2009 report suggests that increasing physical activity is a public health "best buy", and that cycling

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Bicycles enjoy substantial use as general delivery vehicles in many countries. In the UK and North America, as their first jobs, generations of teenagers have worked at delivering newspapers by bicycle. London has many delivery companies that use bicycles with trailers. Most cities in the West, and

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designed to help people cycle in the city. Typically these feature utilitarian city bikes which lock into docking stations, released on payment for set time periods. Costs vary from city to city. In London, initial hire access costs £2 per day. The first 30 minutes of each trip is free, with £2 for

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Avila-Palencia, Ione; Int Panis, Luc; Dons, Evi; Gaupp-Berghausen, Mailin; Raser, Elisabeth; Götschi, Thomas; Gerike, Regine; Brand, Christian; de Nazelle, Audrey; Orjuela, Juan Pablo; Anaya-Boig, Esther (1 November 2018). "The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health,

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and is associated with minor biological changes. A 2010 study estimated that the gained life expectancy from the health benefits of cycling (approximately 3–14 months gained) greatly exceeded the lost life expectancy from air pollution (approximately 0.8–40 days lost). However, a systematic review

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An Italian study assessed the impact of cycling for commute on major non-communicable diseases and public healthcare costs. Using a health economic assessment model, the study found a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke in individuals that cycled compared to

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include registration requirements and will provide information either through the mail or online concerning start times and other requirements. Rides usually consist of several different routes, sorted by mileage, and with a certain number of rest stops that usually include refreshments, first aid

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first started using bicycles in 1880; now bicycle delivery fleets include 37,000 in the UK, 25,700 in Germany, 10,500 in Hungary and 7000 in Sweden. In Australia, Australia Post has also reintroduced bicycle postal deliveries on some routes due to an inability to recruit sufficient licensed riders

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One concern is that riding in traffic may expose the cyclist to higher levels of air pollution, especially cyclists regularly traveling on or along busy roads. Some authors have claimed this to be untrue, showing that the pollutant and irritant count within cars is consistently higher, presumably

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A 15-month randomized controlled trial in the U.S. examined the impact of self-paced cycling on cognitive function in institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment. Researchers used three cognitive assessments: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fuld object memory evaluation, and

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Note that overuse is a relative term, and capacity varies greatly between individuals. Someone starting out in cycling must be careful to increase length and frequency of cycling sessions slowly, starting for example at an hour or two per day, or a hundred miles or kilometers per week. Bilateral

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Among the disadvantages of cycling are the requirement of bicycles (excepting tricycles or quadricycles) for the rider to have certain level of basic skill to remain upright, the reduced protection in crashes in comparison to motor vehicles, often longer travel time (except in densely populated

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as an alternative mode of transport, and another is about the creation of conditions to permit and/or encourage bicycle use, both for utility and recreational cycling. Although the first emphasizes the potential for energy and resource conservation and health benefits gained from cycling versus

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Bicycles are often used by people seeking to improve their fitness and cardiovascular health. Recent studies on the use of cycling for commutes have shown that it reduces the risk of cardiovascular outcomes by 11%, with slightly more risk reduction in women than in men. In addition, cycling is

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in London, UK, suggests that cyclists in London are typically 'white, under 40, male, with medium to high household income.' Studies from large-scale representative data from Germany show that people with higher levels of education cycle substantially more often than those with lower levels of

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A study conducted in Taiwan improved the environmental quality for bicyclist tourists which demonstrated greater health benefits in tourists and even in natives. The number of bicyclists in Taiwan increased from 700,000 in 2008 to 5.1 million in 2017. Thus, this resulted in more and safer

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Bicycles are considered a sustainable mode of transport, especially suited for urban use and relatively shorter distances when used for transport (compared to recreation). Case studies and good practices (from European cities and some worldwide examples) that promote and stimulate this kind of

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Although cycling is beneficial to health, men can be negatively affected by cycling more than three hours a week due to the significant weight on their perineum, an area located between the scrotum and the anus which hold some of the nerves and arteries that pass to the penis. This weight for

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The effects of cycling on overall mental health have often been studied. A European study surveying participants from seven cities about self-perceived health based on primary modes of transportation reported favorable results in the bicycle use population. The bicycle use group reported

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and monitor changes in risks. In the UK, fatality rates per mile or kilometre are slightly less than those for walking. In the US, bicycling fatality rates are less than 2/3 of those walking the same distance. However, in the UK for example the fatality and serious injury rates

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events, however since the middle of the 20th century cycling has become a minority sport in the US whilst in Continental Europe it continues to be a major sport, particularly in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Italy and Spain. The most famous of all bicycle races is the

1210:. While the ride was founded with the idea of drawing attention to how unfriendly the city was to bicyclists, the leaderless structure of Critical Mass makes it impossible to assign it any one specific goal. In fact, the purpose of Critical Mass is not formalized beyond the 1753:

because of limited circulation of air within the car and due to the air intake being directly in the stream of other traffic. Other authors have found small or inconsistent differences in concentrations but claim that exposure of cyclists is higher due to increased minute

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Road bikes tend to have a more upright shape and a shorter wheelbase, which make the bike more mobile but harder to ride slowly. The design, coupled with low or dropped handlebars, requires the rider to bend forward more, making use of stronger muscles (particularly the

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that seek to protest while on bicycles about systemic racism and police brutality. An incidental experience for Street Riders NYC protest participants is the inequity in where safe bicycling infrastructure exists by neighbourhood, which is interpreted as a form of

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reports that investment in cycling provision can give a 20:1 return from health and other benefits. It has been estimated that, on average, approximately 20 life-years are gained from the health benefits of road bicycling for every life-year lost through injury.

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education. Even for trips of the same distance and among people from the same city with the same income level, those with higher education cycle more. As a result, there are various forms of activism focused on diversifying the cycling community. Inspired by the

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can cause knee damage It used to be thought that cycling while standing was less energy efficient, but recent research has proven this not to be true. Other than air resistance, there is no wasted energy from cycling while standing, if it is done correctly.

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Cyclists, pedestrians and motorists make different demands on road design which may lead to conflicts. Some jurisdictions give priority to motorized traffic, for example setting up one-way street systems, free-right turns, high capacity roundabouts, and

172:, both sides used bicycles for scouting. In World War I, France, Germany, Australia and New Zealand used bicycles to move troops. In its 1937 invasion of China, Japan employed some 50,000 bicycle troops, and similar forces were instrumental in Japan's 1366:. These have a lower financial cost for users as well as for society at large (negligible damage to roads, less road area required). By fitting bicycle racks on the front of buses, transit agencies can significantly increase the areas they can serve. 602:

Extensive cycling infrastructure may be found in some cities. Such dedicated paths in some cities often have to be shared with in-line skaters, scooters, skateboarders, and pedestrians. Dedicated cycling infrastructure is treated differently in the

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Int Panis, Luc; De Geus, Bas; Vandenbulcke, Grégory; Willems, Hanny; Degraeuwe, Bart; Bleux, Nico; Mishra, Vinit; Thomas, Isabelle; Meeusen, Romain (2010). "Exposure to particulate matter in traffic: A comparison of cyclists and car passengers".

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Cycling suffers from a perception that it is unsafe. This perception is not always backed by hard numbers, because of under reporting of crashes and lack of bicycle use data (amount of cycling, kilometers cycled) which make it hard to assess the

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Road bikes are designed for speed and efficiency on paved roads. They are characterized by their lightweight frames, skinny tires, drop handlebars, and narrow saddles. Road bikes are ideal for racing, long-distance riding, and fitness training.

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has been increasing, since they provide greater accessibility to bicycle and pedestrian zones and allow access when roads are congested. In some cases, bicycle officers have been used as a supplement or a replacement for horseback officers.

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style bicycles were predictably fraught with injuries. Large races became popular during the 1890s "Golden Age of Cycling", with events across Europe, and in the U.S. and Japan as well. At one point, almost every major city in the US had a

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Varela, Silvia; Cancela, José M.; Seijo-Martinez, Manuel; Ayán, Carlos (1 October 2018). "Self-Paced Cycling Improves Cognition on Institutionalized Older Adults Without Known Cognitive Impairment: A 15-Month Randomized Controlled Trial".

836:(PBP), which began in 1891, is the oldest bicycling event still run on a regular basis on the open road, covers over 1,200 km (746 mi) and imposes a 90-hour time limit. Similar if smaller institutions exist in many countries. 1382:

have also been used as part of rehabilitation for lower limb injuries, particularly after hip surgery. Individuals who cycle regularly have also reported mental health improvements, including less perceived stress and better vitality.

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Spencer-Gardner, Luke; Eischen, Joseph J.; Levy, Bruce A.; Sierra, Rafael J.; Engasser, William M.; Krych, Aaron J. (2013). "A comprehensive five-phase rehabilitation programme after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement".

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will be different in other regions. Overall, benefits of cycling or walking have been shown to exceed risks by ratios of 9:1 to 96:1 when compared with no exercise at all, including a wide variety of physical and mental outcomes.

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services and other methods of mass transportation (including greater provision for cycle carriage on such services) create conditions to encourage bicycle use. However, there are different opinions on the role of various types of

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of the lower limbs who are unable to pursue sports that cause impact to the knees and other joints. Since cycling can be used for the practical purpose of transportation, there can be less need for self-discipline to exercise.

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Brand, Christian; Götschi, Thomas; Dons, Evi; Gerike, Regine; Anaya-Boig, Esther; Avila-Palencia, Ione; de Nazelle, Audrey; Gascon, Mireia; Gaupp-Berghausen, Mailin; Iacorossi, Francesco; Kahlmeier, Sonja (March 2021).

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As the bicycle evolved its various forms, different racing formats developed. Road races may involve both team and individual competition, and are contested in various ways. They range from the one-day road race,

437:. In wet weather, riding can be more tolerable with waterproof clothes, such as cape, jacket, trousers (pants) and overshoes and high-visibility clothing is advisable to reduce the risk from motor vehicle users. 5086:

The suspected primary reason of car-cyclist accidents was almost exclusively the driver's fault, in a total of 7,889 cases (99.6%), therefore we did not detail the accident numbers belonging to other reasons

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Bicycles provide numerous possible benefits in comparison with motor vehicles, including the sustained physical exercise involved in cycling, easier parking, increased maneuverability, and access to roads,

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muscular pain is a normal by-product of the training process, whereas unilateral pain may reveal "exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis". Joint pain and numbness are also early signs of overuse injury.

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Cycling became popularized in Europe and North America in the latter part and especially the last decade of the 19th century. Today, over 50 percent of the human population knows how to ride a bike.

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symbol digit modality test. The study found that long-term cycling for at least 15 minutes per day in older adults without cognitive impairment had a protective effect on cognition and attention.

591:, lockable mini-garages, and patrolled cycle parks are used to reduce theft. Local governments promote cycling by permitting bicycles to be carried on public transport or by providing external 387:

may be preferred. Otherwise, the relatively lighter, simpler, and less expensive double chainring is preferred, even on high-end race bikes. Much simpler fixed wheel bikes are also available.

1450:, does little to promote bone density. Cycling up and out of the saddle, on the other hand, does a better job by transferring more of the rider's body weight to the legs. However, excessive 2403: 1288:

Cyclists form associations, both for specific interests (trails development, road maintenance, bike maintenance, urban design, racing clubs, touring clubs, etc.) and for more global goals (

2426: 803:, also known as cyclotourism, involves touring and exploration or sightseeing by bicycle for leisure. Bicycle tourism has been one of the most popular sports for recreational benefit. A 6563: 1074:

races, another form of road racing require a rider to ride against the clock. Time trials can be performed as a team or as a single rider. Bikes are changed for time trial races, using

357:, sold at US$ 500,000), depending on quality, type and weight (the most exotic road bicycles can weigh as little as 3.2 kg (7 lb)). However, UCI regulations stipulate a legal 1292:, pollution reduction, promotion of fitness). Some bicycle clubs and national associations became prominent advocates for improvements to roads and highways. In the United States, the 1726:

can be a source of intractable perineal pain. Some cyclists with induced pudendal nerve pressure neuropathy gained relief from improvements in saddle position and riding techniques.

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It is paradoxical that in many developing countries cycling is in decline as bicycles are replaced by motorbikes and cars, while in many developed countries cycling is on the rise.

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or horns, child carrying seats, cycling computers with GPS, locks, bar tape, fenders (mud-guards), baggage racks, baggage carriers and pannier bags, water bottles and bottle cages.

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areas), vulnerability to weather conditions, difficulty in transporting passengers, and the fact that a basic level of fitness is required for cycling moderate to long distances.

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IoneAvila-Palencia (2018). "The effects of transport mode use on self-perceived health, mental health, and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study".

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Overuse injuries, including chronic nerve damage at weight bearing locations, can occur as a result of repeatedly riding a bicycle for extended periods of time. Damage to the

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Schantz P, Salier Eriksson, J, Rosdahl, H. 2020. Perspectives on exercise intensity, volume and energy expenditure in habitual cycle commuting. Front. Sports Act. Living 2:65

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represents around 70 local, regional and national civil society organisations across more than 40 countries that work to promote cycling as a mode of transport and leisure.

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The bicycle has been used as a method of reconnaissance as well as transporting soldiers and supplies to combat zones. In this it has taken over many of the functions of

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Ramsden, Christopher; McDaniel, Michael; Harmon, Robert; Renney, Kenneth; Faure, Alexis (2003). "Pudendal nerve entrapment as source of intractable perineal pain".

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hold organized rides in which bicyclists of all levels participate. The typical organized ride starts with a large group of riders, called the mass, bunch or even

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Cycling provides a variety of health benefits and reduces the risk of cancers, heart disease, and diabetes that are prevalent in sedentary lifestyles. Cycling on

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races are held on outdoor terrain, including pavement, grass, and mud. Cyclocross races feature human-made features such as small barriers which riders either

4621:"The effect of an interactive cycling training on cognitive functioning in older adults with mild dementia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial" 2449: 1730: 5176: 4971: 6752: 5346:

Abraham, P.; Bouyé, P; Quéré, I; Chevalier, J. M.; Saumet, J. L. (2004). "Past, present and future of arterial endofibrosis in athletes: A point of view".

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of the knee. An incorrectly fitted saddle may eventually lead to muscle imbalance. A 25 to 35-degree knee angle is recommended to avoid an overuse injury.

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Ryu, Jehkwang; Jung, Jae Hoon; Kim, Jiheon; Kim, Chan-Hyung; Lee, Hwa-Bock; Kim, Do-Hoon; Lee, Sang-Kyu; Shin, Ji-Hyeon; Roh, Daeyoung (21 October 2019).

6817: 6633: 6549: 6487: 4400:"Cycling Promotion and Non-Communicable Disease Prevention: Health Impact Assessment and Economic Evaluation of Cycling to Work or School in Florence" 4807: 5870:

Jacobs, Lotte; Nawrot, Tim S; De Geus, Bas; Meeusen, Romain; Degraeuwe, Bart; Bernard, Alfred; Sughis, Muhammad; Nemery, Benoit; Panis, Luc (2010).

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Bíl, Michal; Bílová, Martina; Dobiáš, Martin; Andrášik, Richard (2016). "Circumstances and causes of fatal cycling crashes in the Czech Republic".

2048: 749:, Colombia the city's largest bakery recently replaced most of its delivery trucks with bicycles. Even the car industry uses bicycles. At the huge 2160: 471:

Many schools and police departments run educational programs to instruct children in bicycle handling skills, especially to introduce them to the

6365: 2424: 1323: 2479: 5516: 5255: 1330:, with associated members from Great Britain, Japan and elsewhere. Regular conferences on cycling as transport are held under the auspices of 1173: 856:. This will thin out over the course of the ride. Many riders choose to ride together in groups of the same skill level to take advantage of 2178: 361:

cannot weigh less than 6.8 kg (14.99 lbs). Being measured for a bike and taking it for a test ride are recommended before buying.

7422: 5718:"NIOSH Research Demonstrates the Effectiveness of No-Nose Bicycle Seats in Reducing Groin Pressure and Improving Sexual Health (2010-163)" 1656:

Selecting too high a gear. A lower gear for uphill climb protects the knees, even though muscles may be well able to handle a higher gear.

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additional rules which prohibit racing bicycles weighing less than 6.8 kilograms (14.96 pounds). The UCI rules also effectively ban some

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became the first man to ride his bicycle a mile in under a minute (hence his nickname, Mile-a-Minute Murphy), which he did by drafting a

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Road cyclists often wear tight-fitting clothing to improve performance and comfort for competitions. Here, a cyclist wears a summer team

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on public transport vehicles. Conversely, an absence of secure cycle-parking is a recurring complaint by cyclists from cities with low

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The price of a new bicycle can range from US$ 50 to more than US$ 20,000 (the highest priced bike in the world is the custom Madone by

4046: 2960: 1467:, starting from 5 minutes per session and slowly increasing to 30 minutes per session. The goal of these sessions are to reduce joint 1300:. Their model for political organization, as well as the paved roads for which they argued, facilitated the growth of the automobile. 398:, enabling the rider to pull on the pedals as well as push. Other possible accessories for the bicycle include front and rear lights, 7506: 5212:

Wilber, C.; Holland, G.; Madison, R.; Loy, S. (2007). "An Epidemiological Analysis of Overuse Injuries Among Recreational Cyclists".

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tradition, view the safety, practicality, and intent of such facilities with suspicion. They favor a more holistic approach based on

2089: 350:, which provide some level of motorized assist for the rider. There are additional variations of bikes and types of biking as well. 7397: 6507: 1842: 989:

Shortly after the introduction of bicycles, competitions developed independently in many parts of the world. Early races involving

925:, mountain bikes saw a surge in popularity in the US, with some vendors reporting that they were sold out of bikes under US$ 1000. 2837: 1498:

those that did not actively commute. This model estimated that public healthcare costs would reduce by 5% over a 10-year period.

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Silbert, P. L.; Dunne, J. W.; Edis, R. H.; Stewart-Wynne, E. G. (1991). "Bicycling induced pudendal nerve pressure neuropathy".

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Taddei, Cristina; Gnesotto, Roberto; Forni, Silvia; Bonaccorsi, Guglielmo; Vannucci, Andrea; Garofalo, Giorgio (30 April 2015).

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Palmer, Jacob E.; Levy, Susan S.; Nichols, Jeanne F. (2003). "Low bone mineral density in highly trained male master cyclists".

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Many cyclists suffer from overuse injuries to the knees, affecting cyclists at all levels. These are caused by many factors:

1543: 2373: 3326:"The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities" 1218: 5316: 3518: 2725: 2134: 1342:

Cycling is widely regarded as an effective and efficient mode of transportation optimal for short to moderate distances.

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transport as well as the use of a bicycle in a commercial activity, mainly to transport goods, mostly accomplished in an

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Within western societies the demographic of those who cycle is often not representative of broader society. Research by

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of every jurisdiction, including the question of liability of users in a collision. There is also some debate about the

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The last country known to maintain a regiment of bicycle troops was Switzerland, which disbanded its last unit in 2003.

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Karssemeijer, E. G. A.; Bossers, W. J. R.; Aaronson, J. A.; Kessels, R. P. C.; Olde Rikkert, M. G. M. (21 March 2017).

4999: 1326:(for other HPVs, or human-powered vehicles). Cycling for transport and touring is promoted on a European level by the 6492: 6089: 6003: 4247: 3369:"Perceptions of Bicycle-Friendly Policy Impacts on Accessibility to Transit Services: The First and Last Mile Bridge" 1490:, one response that has been adopted by many organizations concerned with health and environment is the promotion of 5020: 7402: 7274: 5872:"Subclinical responses in healthy cyclists briefly exposed to traffic-related air pollution: An intervention study" 1327: 1304: 490:

Beyond simply riding, another skill is riding efficiently and safely in traffic. One popular approach to riding in

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Stalzer, Steve; Wahoff, Michael; Scanlan, Molly; Draovitch, Pete (2005). "Rehabilitation After Hip Arthroscopy".

3094: 1837: 5779:"Comparison of air pollution exposure for five commuting modes in Sydney – car, train, bus, bicycle and walking" 5598:

Schrader, Steven M.; Breitenstein, Michael J.; Lowe, Brian D. (2008). "Cutting off the Nose to Save the Penis".

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found those who cover more than 186 miles (300 km) a week on their bikes have less than 4% normal looking

1502: 4885:"All-Cause Mortality Associated with Physical Activity During Leisure Time, Work, Sports, and Cycling to Work" 7499: 6822: 4857: 1707:

shape, size and position, and negative effects of extended use of less than optimal seats or configurations.

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lobbied for the improvement of roads in the last part of the 19th century, founding and leading the national

1281: 1034:, and time trial to multi-stage events like the Tour de France and its sister events which make up cycling's 934: 822:

where cyclists are not bothered by cars and other traffic, which makes it ideal for cycling recreation. Many

484: 3124: 2366:"wetten.nl – Wet- en regelgeving – Reglement verkeersregels en verkeerstekens 1990 (RVV 1990) – BWBR0004825" 7610: 7600: 6991: 5100: 4814: 2224:"How to 'do' a bike plan: Collating best practices to synthesise a Maturity Model of planning for cycling" 560:. Others share priority with cyclists so as to encourage more cycling by applying varying combinations of 180:. Germany used bicycles again in World War II, while the British employed airborne "Cycle-commandos" with 7088: 5752: 3201: 2304: 1293: 5154: 2045: 7475: 7175: 7118: 6947: 6697: 6655: 6255: 4808:"Road Casualties Great Britain 2007 – Annual Report (page 82, "Fatality rates by mode of travel")" 4755:

Horton, D. (2007) Fear of Cycling. In p. Rosen, P. Cox, Horton, D. Cycling and Society. London: Ashgate

2961:"What are the barriers to cycling amongst ethnic minority groups and people from deprived backgrounds?" 1817: 1388: 1222: 4958:

The driver was the guilty party in 57 cases (68.7%) and the cyclist in the remaining 26 cases (31.3%).

3932:

Leyland, Louise-Ann; Spencer, Ben; Beale, Nick; Jones, Tim; Reekum, Carien M. van (20 February 2019).

1680:

principles and eliminate pressure from the saddle and handlebars, due to the relaxed riding position.

7595: 6602: 6597: 6350: 4024: 3999: 1974: 1946: 1912: 1878: 1723: 1417: 941:(the Netherlands) is one of the few marching bands around the world which also performs on bicycles. 833: 781: 5931:"Air pollution as a risk factor in health impact assessments of a travel mode shift towards cycling" 5281:

Leibovitch, Ilan; Mor, Yoram (2005). "The Vicious Cycling: Bicycling Related Urogenital Disorders".

2483: 2255:

Ito, K.; Biljecki, F. (2021). "Assessing bikeability with street view imagery and computer vision".

1408:

Heavily equipped London cyclist: specialist cycle clothing, pollution mask, dark glasses and helmet.

7492: 7073: 7004: 6680: 6275: 5259: 1754: 714: 6942: 6685: 6665: 6628: 4069: 2876: 2182: 2164: 1951: 1917: 1883: 1669: 1521:

Cycling has also been shown to be effective adjunct therapy in certain mental health conditions.

1199: 1129: 1011: 604: 548: 440:

Items legally required in some jurisdictions, or voluntarily adopted for safety reasons, include

17: 4295:

McLeod, William D.; Blackburn, T.A. (1980). "Biomechanics of knee rehabilitation with cycling".

2570:"Using police bicycle patrols to manage social order in bicycle and pedestrian traffic networks" 459:

Bikes can also be heavily customized, with different seat designs and handle bars, for example.

7564: 7534: 7149: 6999: 6812: 6670: 6650: 6420: 6400: 6142: 6084: 4467:"Cats and dogs, bikes and milkweed: Illinois adds more state symbols beginning in the new year" 4093:

Oja, P.; Titze, S.; Bauman, A.; Geus, B. de; Krenn, P.; Reger-Nash, B.; Kohlberger, T. (2011).

3258: 2437: 1665: 1474: 1416:

gained from cycling is generally linked with increased health and well-being. According to the

1387:

to the average time spent cycling, totaling to approximately 6500 deaths prevented by cycling.

1259: 1193: 1192:(to facilitate travel while respecting every person's equal right to do so). Some groups offer 1142: 1124: 876: 523: 377: 328: 101: 3228:"HowStuffWorks "Is there a way to compare a human being to an engine in terms of efficiency?"" 2668:"The Effect of Improving Cycleway Environment on the Recreational Benefits of Bicycle Tourism" 2609:"The Effect of Improving Cycleway Environment on the Recreational Benefits of Bicycle Tourism" 74: 63: 7231: 7063: 6880: 6875: 6847: 6790: 6764: 6692: 6675: 6623: 6482: 6466: 6225: 5996: 5929:

Raza, Wasif; Forsberg, Bertil; Johansson, Christer; Sommar, Johan Nilsson (5 February 2018).

3834:

Kay Teschke; Conor C.O. Reynolds; Francis J. Ries; Brian Gouge; Meghan Winters (March 2012).

2811: 2075: 1959: 1925: 1891: 1827: 1152:

Some bicycle activists (including some traffic management advisers) seek the construction of

1102: 1071: 949: 342:, designed for use on gravel roads or trails, but with the ability to ride well on pavement; 3767:

Schepers, Paul; Twisk, Divera; Fishman, Elliot; Fyhri, Aslak; Jensen, Anne (February 2017).

3250: 2196: 7141: 7108: 7058: 6952: 6908: 6827: 6802: 6797: 6757: 6747: 6702: 6638: 6607: 6592: 6280: 5883: 5836: 4732: 4503: 4411: 4050: 3945: 3880: 3601: 1608: 1535: 1276: 1251: 1237: 1035: 990: 57: 31: 4490:

Leyland, Louise-Ann; Spencer, Ben; Beale, Nick; Jones, Tim; van Reekum, Carien M. (2019).

4273: 1593: 1447: 8: 7569: 7449: 7417: 7304: 7294: 7154: 7133: 7113: 7016: 6974: 6807: 6660: 6385: 6292: 6162: 6074: 6031: 6023: 4972:"Rising cyclist death toll is mainly due to drivers, so change the road laws and culture" 2096: 1852: 1737: 1711: 1486:

As a response to the increased global sedentary lifestyles and consequent overweight and

1297: 1289: 1271: 1106: 1067: 892: 5887: 5840: 4507: 4415: 3949: 3884: 3833: 3605: 2779:"Amid Cycling Surge, Sport Of Mountain Biking Is Seeing Increased Sales And Trail Usage" 883: 365: 7412: 7407: 7357: 7266: 7236: 7137: 7051: 7031: 7021: 6984: 6925: 6865: 6832: 6785: 6446: 6036: 5963: 5930: 5906: 5871: 5852: 5418: 5393: 5371: 5237: 5128: 5077: 4949: 4655: 4620: 4601: 4534: 4491: 4442: 4399: 4380: 4328: 4229: 4186: 4132: 3976: 3933: 3914: 3801: 3744: 3711: 3687: 3662: 3643: 3495: 3422: 3397: 3076: 3027: 2702: 2667: 2643: 2608: 2589: 2282: 2264: 2090:"This version of the web site is now archived – Cette version du site web est archivée" 1832: 1392: 1379: 1363: 1242: 977: 757:, Germany workers use bicycles, color-coded by department, to move around the factory. 557: 463:

can also be customized to better suit the rider's strength in relation to the terrain.

145: 42: 2853: 2505:

Antón-González, Laura; Pans, Miquel; Devís-Devís, José; González, Luis-Millán (2023).

2326: 1318:(merged with the United States Cycling Federation in 1995) in the United States, (for 7544: 7539: 7352: 7327: 7299: 7284: 7122: 7041: 6979: 6935: 6930: 6913: 6890: 6842: 6769: 6740: 6707: 6430: 6197: 6132: 6127: 5968: 5950: 5911: 5677: 5650: 5646: 5615: 5611: 5423: 5363: 5359: 5298: 5229: 5132: 5120: 5081: 5069: 4941: 4906: 4786: 4766: 4736: 4709: 4701: 4696: 4679: 4660: 4642: 4593: 4585: 4539: 4521: 4447: 4429: 4372: 4364: 4320: 4312: 4221: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4124: 4116: 4111: 4094: 4073: 3981: 3963: 3906: 3805: 3749: 3731: 3692: 3635: 3627: 3570: 3499: 3487: 3482: 3427: 3270: 3266: 3251: 3080: 3068: 3031: 3019: 2942: 2896: 2843: 2707: 2689: 2648: 2630: 2593: 2569: 2286: 2025: 1994: 1741: 1673: 1479: 1413: 1246: 1214:

of meeting at a set location and time and traveling as a group through city streets.

1169: 1091: 1039: 872: 857: 738: 581: 495: 192: 165: 133: 5856: 5394:"Health effects of the London bicycle sharing system: Health impact modelling study" 5375: 4605: 4384: 4332: 4233: 4190: 4136: 3918: 3647: 3342: 3325: 2340: 1121:

automobile use, is relatively undisputed, the second is the subject of much debate.

1007:. This began in 1903, and continues to capture the attention of the sporting world. 587:

In areas in which cycling is popular and encouraged, cycle-parking facilities using

483:

in the UK. Education for adult cyclists is available from organizations such as the

7590: 7459: 7454: 7429: 7377: 7367: 7337: 7279: 7213: 7128: 6918: 6885: 6870: 6837: 6645: 6541: 6530: 6502: 6395: 6380: 6335: 6215: 6157: 6079: 5989: 5958: 5942: 5901: 5891: 5848: 5844: 5793: 5725: 5642: 5607: 5413: 5405: 5355: 5290: 5241: 5221: 5112: 5059: 4953: 4933: 4896: 4778: 4691: 4650: 4632: 4575: 4567: 4529: 4511: 4437: 4419: 4356: 4304: 4213: 4162: 4106: 3971: 3953: 3896: 3888: 3791: 3783: 3739: 3723: 3682: 3674: 3617: 3609: 3562: 3477: 3469: 3417: 3409: 3347: 3337: 3303: 3262: 3058: 3014: 3009: 2997: 2932: 2888: 2697: 2679: 2638: 2620: 2581: 2518: 2274: 2235: 2017: 1986: 1822: 1812: 1789: 1459: 1451: 1146: 1117: 1019: 868: 804: 793: 533: 472: 347: 173: 159: 5946: 4937: 3473: 3308: 3291: 1990: 7559: 7549: 7515: 7444: 7434: 7362: 7309: 6345: 6330: 6312: 6307: 6270: 6192: 6187: 6147: 6059: 5777:

Chertok, Michael; Voukelatos, Alexander; Sheppeard, Vicky; Rissel, Chris (2004).

5521: 5294: 4901: 4884: 4516: 4424: 3958: 3892: 3613: 2430: 2052: 1847: 1797: 1585: 1570: 1464: 1421: 1359: 1319: 1137: 1079: 911: 907: 903: 828: 800: 771: 688: 627: 592: 561: 518:. Bike paths are dedicated for cyclists and provide shelter from vehicle traffic. 460: 384: 320: 169: 53: 6573: 5442: 5064: 5047: 4153:

Shephard, Roy J (2008). "Is Active Commuting the Answer to Population Health?".

3457: 3227: 2021: 1168:

and encouraging more people to cycle. Some activists, especially those from the

7347: 6425: 6415: 6360: 6265: 6230: 6167: 6099: 5569: 5543: 4987:

In Australia, drivers are to blame for at least 79% of accidents with cyclists.

4308: 3787: 2240: 2223: 2138: 2057: 1704: 1597: 1530: 1443: 1004: 953: 729: 722: 676: 643: 608: 445: 441: 434: 430: 410: 391: 358: 343: 339: 289: 250: 243: 236: 229: 5324: 5116: 4782: 4637: 4360: 4251: 4217: 3566: 3525: 3413: 3063: 3046: 2892: 2729: 2523: 2506: 2278: 1542:

venerated as the holy protector of bicyclists on the roads of the mountainous

880:

and maintenance tools. Routes can vary by as much as 100 miles (160 km).

584:, bicycle travel on a few city roads was banned temporarily in December 2003. 540: 528: 7584: 6375: 6355: 6297: 6245: 6177: 5954: 5730: 5124: 5073: 4883:

Andersen, Lars Bo; Schnohr, Peter; Schroll, Marianne; Hein, Hans Ole (2000).

4767:"Exposure measurement in bicycle safety analysis: A review of the literature" 4705: 4646: 4589: 4525: 4433: 4368: 4316: 4174: 4120: 3967: 3735: 3727: 3631: 3574: 3491: 3072: 3023: 2946: 2693: 2634: 2585: 1998: 1775: 1491: 1355: 1211: 1087: 1055: 1051: 999: 864: 750: 588: 544: 491: 476: 453: 449: 264: 105: 35: 4492:"The effect of cycling on cognitive function and well-being in older adults" 3934:"The effect of cycling on cognitive function and well-being in older adults" 906:

began in the 1970s, originally as a downhill sport, practised on customized

891:

Some organized rides are entirely social events. One example is the monthly

372:

is sufficient for a beginner, although many utility bikes are equipped with

369: 7529: 7332: 7289: 6405: 6182: 6094: 5972: 5915: 5896: 5717: 5654: 5619: 5427: 5367: 5302: 4945: 4910: 4790: 4713: 4664: 4597: 4571: 4543: 4451: 4376: 4225: 4182: 4128: 3985: 3910: 3753: 3696: 3639: 3622: 3590: 3431: 3352: 3202:"Velo Mondial: The premier global sustainable mobility and cycling network" 2900: 2711: 2684: 2652: 2625: 1783: 1468: 895:

which can reach attendance of one to two thousand riders in Summer months.

849: 823: 754: 426: 406: 399: 395: 354: 181: 177: 117: 5681: 5233: 5225: 4324: 3150:"Freewheeling to equality: how cycling helped women on the road to rights" 319:

In many countries, the most commonly used vehicle for road transport is a

7439: 6461: 6451: 6390: 6340: 6240: 6235: 6137: 5695: 5392:

Woodcock, J.; Tainio, M.; Cheshire, J.; O'Brien, O.; Goodman, A. (2014).

3796: 3710:

Fishman, Elliot; Schepers, Paul; Kamphuis, Carlijn Barbara Maria (2015).

1807: 1802: 1661: 1539: 1351: 1315: 1165: 1157: 1063: 1043: 1023: 984: 819: 596: 573: 480: 418: 281: 191:, communist forces used bicycles extensively as cargo carriers along the 188: 46: 4063: 3678: 3592:

and social contact measures: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study".

1940: 1906: 1082:

has also reached international popularity and is even an Olympic sport.

448:, and audible signalling devices such as a bell or horn. Extras include 7554: 7372: 6456: 6410: 6287: 6260: 6172: 6152: 5722:

CDC – The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

2937: 2920: 2301:"Why are Fewer People Bicycling if the Economic Benefits are so Clear?" 1872: 1688: 1677: 1258:. The bicycle has acted as a means for women's liberation and thus has 1116:

Many broad and correlated themes run in bicycle activism: one is about

1015: 709: 698: 506: 422: 125: 5186:. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2015. Archived from 4580: 3901: 3249:

Komanoff, Charles (2004). "Bicycling". In Cleveland, Cutler J. (ed.).

3102: 2480:"Why I Ride My Bike to Work, by the Prime Minister of the Netherlands" 1695:, where normal adult males would be expected to have from 15% to 20%. 1615: 832: — four days of organised cycling through the local environment. 810:

One popular Dutch pleasure is the enjoyment of relaxed cycling in the

745:

use bicycles to deliver home cooked lunches to the city's workers. In

6370: 6302: 5698:. United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 5409: 5320: 3712:"Dutch Cycling: Quantifying the Health and Related Economic Benefits" 3456:

Götschi, Thomas; Garrard, Jan; Giles-Corti, Billie (2 January 2016).

2504: 1471:

and maintain the widest range of motion possible with limited pain.

1435: 1347: 1331: 1161: 1153: 1075: 1059: 1031: 995: 815: 742: 741:

who deliver documents and small packages. In India, many of Mumbai's

718: 694: 680: 569: 565: 564:

measures to limit the impact of motorized transport, and by building

515: 511: 121: 113: 109: 68: 5797: 4064:

Hillman, Mayhew; Morgan, David; British Medical Association (1992).

2113: 1650:

Too many hills, or too many miles, too early in the training season.

1566:

Injuries (to cyclists, from cycling) can be divided into two types:

1221:

among activists. The most heated controversy surrounds the topic of

1164:

for journeys of all lengths and point to their success in promoting

960: 788: 746: 7342: 7251: 7221: 7198: 6109: 6104: 5825: 5153:. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. Archived from 5101:"Why cities with high bicycling rates are safer for all road users" 2269: 2012:

Reid, Carlton (2017). "How Cyclists Became Invisible (1905–1939)".

1715: 1620: 1426: 1255: 1042:

were banned from bike races in 1934 after Marcel Berthet set a new

922: 776: 650: 634: 475:

as they apply to cyclists. In some countries these may be known as

381: 373: 129: 7484: 4765:

Vanparijs, J; Int Panis, L; Meeusen, R; De Geus, B (August 2015).

4618: 3458:"Cycling as a Part of Daily Life: A Review of Health Perspectives" 2135:"Trek Bicycle: The world's best bikes for road, mountain, or town" 1714:

knee pain, while setting the saddle too low can cause pain in the

642:

in the Netherlands, keeping cyclists away from traffic as seen in

7256: 7246: 6250: 6054: 5391: 4861: 3047:"Educational Differences in Cycling: Evidence from German Cities" 2672:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

2613:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

2197:"Bicycle Helmet Laws In The US – The Complete List – Yes Cycling" 1624: 1487: 973: 968: 938: 853: 780:

In the Netherlands, bicycles are freely available for use in the

368:

components of the bike should also be considered. A middle grade

313: 207: 97: 5776: 4860:. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Archived from 4764: 4345: 1592:

Although a majority of bicycle collisions occur during the day,

1202:

is an event typically held on the last Friday of every month in

671: 275: 7241: 5021:"Risky cycling rarely to blame for bike accidents, study finds" 4556: 1350:

and rural trails. Cycling also offers a reduced consumption of

1110: 915: 623: 120:. Cycling is practised around the world for purposes including 2341:"Santander Cycles: London's self-service, bike-sharing scheme" 1425:

is a "highly suitable activity" for this purpose. The charity

1404: 346:, which are designed for more rugged, undulating terrain; and 30:"Bicycling" and "Biking" redirect here. For the magazine, see 5667: 4397: 3552: 3205: 1692: 1644:

Incorrect bicycle fit or adjustment, particularly the saddle.

814:

of the Netherlands. The land is very flat and full of public

811: 616: 425:. Cycling can be more efficient and comfortable with special 285: 257: 79: 3660: 2802: 737:

many outside it, support a sizeable and visible industry of

708:

of many countries have long relied on bicycles. The British

7167: 5928: 5632: 3661:

De Hartog, J. J.; Boogaard, H; Nijland, H; Hoek, G (2010).

3175: 2507:"Cycling in urban environments: Quantitative text analysis" 2072:"European Cyclists' Federation – Cycling facts and figures" 1551: 1203: 705: 551:. Many students at the university opt to travel by bicycle. 5981: 5869: 5635:

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

5345: 4882: 2222:

McLeod, Sam; Babb, Courtney; Barlow, Steve (21 May 2020).

1196:

to help cyclists integrate themselves with other traffic.

693:

Utility cycling refers both to cycling as a mode of daily

631:

each additional 30 minutes until the bicycle is returned.

6220: 3766: 3455: 2396:"The Netherlands boast almost 35.000 km of cycling paths" 1559:

are just over double for cycling than those for walking.

5597: 4802: 4800: 4489: 4099:

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

3931: 2919:

Sabyrbekov, Rahat; Overland, Indra (21 September 2020).

2839:

One Less Car: Bicycling and the Politics of Automobility

2456:. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. 2014. Archived from 1391:

is often safer than in other parts of the world, so the

1362:, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and greatly reduced 649:

In the Netherlands, many roads have one or two separate

5211: 5000:"Most bike crashes involve drivers overtaking cyclists" 4923: 3709: 3663:"Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks?" 3366: 2877:"Bicycle helmet legislation: Can we reach a consensus?" 1337: 1310:

As a sport, cycling is governed internationally by the

887:

San Jose Bike Party in San Jose, California (July 2019)

405:

For basic maintenance and repairs cyclists can carry a

5751:. Monash Institute of Medical Research. Archived from 4027:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (cdc.gov) 3322: 2228:

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

1334:; global conferences are coordinated by Velo Mondial. 1206:

around the world where bicyclists take to the streets

5147:"Cycling Accidents Facts & Figures – August 2014" 5048:"Car-pedestrian and car-cyclist accidents in Hungary" 4834:. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Archived from 4797: 3519:"A Physically Active Life through Everyday Transport" 3292:"Cycling towards a more sustainable transport future" 2257:

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

1731:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

6571: 5468:"Avoid Repetitive Knee Injuries While Riding A Bike" 5099:

Marshall, Wesley E.; Ferenchak, Nicholas N. (2019).

2752:"Mountain Biking Experiencing a Surge in Popularity" 2545:. London Ambulance Service NHS Trust. Archived from 1765: 547:

outside the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the

390:

Many road bikes, along with mountain bikes, include

211: 2450:"CIA World Factbook | Field listing: Roadways" 1904: 721:, who can often get to the scene of an incident in 713:willing to use their uncomfortable motorbikes. The 6488:List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies 5256:"Knee Pain in Cycling: New Twist on an old Injury" 4092: 3870: 3769:"The Dutch road to a high level of cycling safety" 3125:"Episode 45: StreetRidersNYC final web transcript" 2918: 1939: 1905: 1871: 417:), a puncture repair kit, a spare inner tube, and 100:or other type of cycle. It encompasses the use of 5517:"Does Cycling Really Damage Men's Sexual Organs?" 5098: 4203: 4095:"Health benefits of cycling: a systematic review" 3378:. Mineta Transportation Institute. Archived from 1870: 1653:Poor training preparation for long touring rides. 807:or randonnée is an organized long-distance ride. 7582: 5696:"NIOSH -Bicycle Saddles and Reproductive Health" 5258:. BioMechanics. July–August 1996. Archived from 2665: 2606: 2482:. World Economic Forum. Ecowatch. Archived from 2221: 1938: 1637:to suffer from neck and shoulder pain than men. 622:A number of cities, including Paris, London and 41:"Cyclist" redirects here. For the magazine, see 6366:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering 5495:"Biking and Erectile Dysfunction: A Real Risk?" 4294: 4025:"Overweight and Obesity: Economic Consequences" 1703:Much work has been done to investigate optimal 1324:International Human Powered Vehicle Association 1136:It is generally agreed that improved local and 4349:Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 3843:University of British Columbia Medical Journal 2921:"Why Choose to Cycle in a Low-Income Country?" 799:Bicycles are used for recreation at all ages. 611:of the various types of separated facilities. 7500: 7183: 6557: 5997: 5710: 5280: 4677: 3289: 2914: 2912: 2910: 1420:(WHO), physical inactivity is second only to 658:from being emitted per kilometer of cycling. 615:functional cycling in cities can be found at 376:. If the rider plans a significant amount of 331:) and reducing air resistance at high speed. 2607:Yeh; Lin; Hsiao; Huang (17 September 2019). 1747: 1736:Despite rumors to the contrary, there is no 1094:) by requiring a double triangle structure. 5593: 5591: 5045: 4969: 3524:. World health Organisation. Archived from 3398:"Three lessons for a better cycling future" 2388: 2254: 7507: 7493: 7190: 7176: 6564: 6550: 6004: 5990: 5387: 5385: 4813:. Department for Transport. Archived from 3395: 2907: 2434:Factsheet The Netherlands: cycling country 1972: 1563:higher mortality rate than those who did. 5962: 5905: 5895: 5729: 5440: 5417: 5063: 4900: 4758: 4695: 4654: 4636: 4579: 4533: 4515: 4441: 4423: 4110: 3975: 3957: 3900: 3795: 3743: 3686: 3621: 3481: 3421: 3351: 3341: 3307: 3230:. Auto.howstuffworks.com. 5 December 2000 3062: 3013: 2936: 2842:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2701: 2683: 2642: 2624: 2567: 2522: 2268: 2239: 1975:"Cycling, modernity and national culture" 1668:in the wrist, the genitourinary tract or 1442:Cycling while seated is a relatively non- 725:more quickly than a motorized ambulance. 6508:List of films about bicycles and cycling 5588: 5443:"BBC: Elite cyclists 'risk infertility'" 5214:International Journal of Sports Medicine 4464: 4274:"Sit or Stand: Tradeoffs in Efficiency?" 4152: 3248: 2874: 1843:List of films about bicycles and cycling 1647:Incorrect adjustment of clipless pedals. 1614: 1602: 1534: 1473: 1403: 1275: 1123: 1101: 967: 959: 948: 882: 826:subscribe every year to an event called 787: 775: 670: 633: 539: 527: 505: 444:, generator or battery operated lights, 312:Video of a recreational cycling ride in 299: 73: 62: 5382: 4832:"Daily Travel by Walking and Bicycling" 4297:The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2835: 1188:(to protect the rights of others), and 619:, Europe's portal for local transport. 14: 7583: 4726: 4560:Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 3513: 3511: 3509: 2161:"Custom Bike Builders: Groupe de Tete" 1050:(49.992 km on 18 November 1933). 976:of professional bicycle racers on the 7488: 7171: 6545: 5985: 5786:Health Promotion Journal of Australia 5514: 5492: 5169: 5139: 5046:Glász, Attila; Juhász, János (2017). 4148: 4146: 3586: 3584: 3548: 3546: 3290:Pucher, John; Buehler, Ralph (2017). 3044: 2998:"The unequal cycling boom in Germany" 2995: 2803:Union Cycliste International (2003). 394:to which special shoes attach, via a 262: 255: 248: 241: 5317:"Bicycle Seat Neuropathy, follow up" 4858:"Fatality Analysis Reporting System" 4465:Herrmann, Brett (28 December 2017), 4276:. PEZ Cycling News. 21 November 2006 3836:"Bicycling: Health Risk or Benefit?" 3555:Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics 2327:"Shanghai ends reign of the bicycle" 2011: 1960:participating institution membership 1926:participating institution membership 1892:participating institution membership 1338:Cycling as a means of transportation 338:Other common types of bikes include 234: 227: 7514: 5670:Clinical and Experimental Neurology 5515:Brown, Jessica (16 February 2018). 3506: 2776: 1631: 1501:Illinois designated cycling as its 1245:movement are organizations such as 24: 4771:Accident Analysis & Prevention 4143: 4066:Cycling: Towards Health and Safety 3581: 3543: 3367:Flamm, B.; Rivasplata, C. (2014). 2977:from the original on 28 March 2018 2881:Accident Analysis & Prevention 2303:. 18 December 2018. Archived from 1710:Excessive saddle height can cause 1580: 1434:especially helpful for those with 863:Most organized rides, for example 843: 765: 717:has recently introduced bicycling 25: 7622: 6493:List of BMX bicycle manufacturers 6090:History of cycling infrastructure 5323:. 8 February 2006. Archived from 5105:Journal of Transport & Health 4049:. sustrans.org.uk. Archived from 3716:American Journal of Public Health 3667:Environmental Health Perspectives 3095:"PeopleForBikes Racial Injustice" 2511:Journal of Transport & Health 1698: 1600:at night to increase visibility. 1524: 1373: 501: 479:, or operated as schemes such as 45:. For the 1987 Iranian film, see 7471: 7470: 7275:High-intensity interval training 6572: 6526: 6525: 5922: 5863: 5819: 5770: 5738: 5688: 5661: 5647:10.1097/00002060-200306000-00013 5626: 5612:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00867.x 5562: 5536: 5508: 5493:Valeo, Tom (11 September 2007). 5486: 5460: 5441:Wilkinson, Emma (29 June 2009). 5360:10.2165/00007256-200434070-00001 5052:Transportation Research Procedia 4697:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.015 4167:10.2165/00007256-200838090-00004 4112:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01299.x 4047:"How transport can save the NHS" 3045:Hudde, Ansgar (6 January 2022). 2996:Hudde, Ansgar (1 January 2022). 2046:"Cycling Is Everyone's Business" 2016:. Island Press. pp. 19–50. 1973:Oosterhuis, Harry (2016-07-02). 1782: 1768: 1508: 1070:over or dismount and walk over. 274: 219: 34:. For the Frank Ocean song, see 6513:List of doping cases in cycling 6498:List of bicycle-sharing systems 5434: 5339: 5309: 5289:(3): 277–86, discussion 286–7. 5274: 5248: 5205: 5092: 5039: 5013: 4992: 4970:Chambers, Peter; Andrews, Tom. 4963: 4917: 4876: 4850: 4824: 4749: 4720: 4684:Journal of Psychiatric Research 4671: 4612: 4550: 4483: 4458: 4391: 4339: 4288: 4266: 4240: 4197: 4086: 4057: 4039: 4017: 3992: 3925: 3864: 3827: 3760: 3703: 3654: 3449: 3438: 3389: 3360: 3343:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224 3316: 3283: 3242: 3220: 3194: 3168: 3142: 3117: 3087: 3038: 2989: 2953: 2875:Robinson, D.L. (January 2007). 2868: 2829: 2796: 2770: 2744: 2718: 2666:Yeh; Lin; Hsiao; Huang (2019). 2659: 2600: 2568:Rantatalo, Oscar (March 2016). 2561: 2531: 2498: 2472: 2442: 2418: 2358: 2333: 2319: 2293: 2248: 2215: 2189: 2171: 2163:. bicycling.com. Archived from 2153: 2137:. Trekbikes.com. Archived from 2127: 1838:List of bicycle-sharing systems 1607:Bicyclist pedals uphill at the 1265: 760: 56:. For the hockey strategy, see 5849:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.028 3267:10.1016/B0-12-176480-X/00185-6 3015:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103244 3002:Journal of Transport Geography 2106: 2082: 2064: 2038: 2005: 1966: 1932: 1898: 1864: 638:The safe physically separated 532:A parking lot for bicycles in 174:march or "roll" through Malaya 96:, is the activity of riding a 52:For the sport of cycling, see 13: 1: 5947:10.1080/16549716.2018.1429081 5746:"Testiclar Cancer Fact Sheet" 5570:"Cycling linked to impotence" 4938:10.1080/15389588.2015.1094183 4889:Archives of Internal Medicine 3474:10.1080/01441647.2015.1057877 3309:10.1080/01441647.2017.1340234 1991:10.1080/03071022.2016.1180897 1858: 1589:bicycles and motor vehicles. 1328:European Cyclists' Federation 1312:Union Cycliste Internationale 1305:European Cyclists' Federation 1282:Union Cycliste Internationale 935:Marching and Cycling Band HHK 485:League of American Bicyclists 7197: 5295:10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.024 4902:10.1001/archinte.160.11.1621 4517:10.1371/journal.pone.0211779 4425:10.1371/journal.pone.0125491 3959:10.1371/journal.pone.0211779 3893:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.002 3614:10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.002 201: 7: 6011: 5065:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.085 3330:Global Environmental Change 2728:. Sonic.net. Archived from 2580:(1). SAGE Journals: 18–30. 2022:10.5822/978-1-61091-817-6_2 1761: 1399: 1294:League of American Wheelmen 1231: 1097: 898: 10: 7627: 6207:Sports-related cycling and 5600:Journal of Sexual Medicine 4309:10.1177/036354658000800306 4206:Osteoporosis International 3788:10.1016/j.ssci.2015.06.005 2726:"Clunkers Among the Hills" 2241:10.1016/j.trip.2020.100130 1818:Cycling in the Netherlands 1676:are designed on different 1528: 1389:Cycling in the Netherlands 1269: 1184:(to apply the education), 982: 792:Tour de Fat group ride in 769: 686: 666: 521: 205: 157: 143: 139: 78:Children riding a bike in 51: 40: 29: 7525: 7468: 7390: 7320: 7265: 7212: 7205: 7101: 6967: 6901: 6858: 6778: 6728: 6721: 6616: 6585: 6521: 6475: 6439: 6351:Bicycle poverty reduction 6321: 6206: 6118: 6047: 6019: 5117:10.1016/j.jth.2019.03.004 4926:Traffic Injury Prevention 4783:10.1016/j.aap.2015.08.007 4638:10.1186/s12877-017-0464-x 4361:10.1007/s00167-013-2664-z 4218:10.1007/s00198-003-1418-z 3873:Environment International 3594:Environment International 3567:10.1053/j.oto.2005.06.007 3414:10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1582 3064:10.1177/00380385211063366 2893:10.1016/j.aap.2006.06.007 2805:"UCI Cycling Regulations" 2524:10.1016/j.jth.2023.101651 2279:10.1016/j.trc.2021.103371 1947:Oxford English Dictionary 1913:Oxford English Dictionary 1879:Oxford English Dictionary 1748:Exposure to air pollution 1724:pudendal nerve entrapment 1672:may result from overuse. 1418:World Health Organization 1090:innovations (such as the 944: 782:Hoge Veluwe National Park 466: 6386:Bike Week (Bicycle Week) 5731:10.26616/NIOSHPUB2010163 3728:10.2105/ajph.2015.302724 2586:10.1177/0032258X16639426 2543:London Ambulance Service 2429:13 November 2015 at the 2179:"SPIN Custom...7.04 lbs" 2114:"Types of Biking - Gorp" 1217:There is a long-running 1180:(of everyone involved), 928: 715:London Ambulance Service 661: 7423:Neurobiological effects 5829:Atmospheric Environment 4070:Oxford University Press 1952:Oxford University Press 1918:Oxford University Press 1884:Oxford University Press 1687:A Spanish study of top 1670:bicycle seat neuropathy 1503:official state exercise 1109:patrolling on bikes in 1012:Charles Minthorn Murphy 549:University of Cambridge 7535:Cycling infrastructure 6421:Protected intersection 6401:Cycling infrastructure 6143:Bicycle-sharing system 6085:History of the bicycle 5897:10.1186/1476-069X-9-64 4572:10.1123/japa.2017-0135 3253:Encyclopedia of Energy 2836:Furness, Zack (2010). 2685:10.3390/ijerph16183460 2626:10.3390/ijerph16183460 1628: 1612: 1546: 1483: 1452:cycling while standing 1409: 1285: 1143:cycling infrastructure 1133: 1118:advocating the bicycle 1113: 1078:. In the past decade, 980: 965: 964:Bicycle racing in 1909 957: 888: 796: 785: 684: 675:A bicycle loaded with 646: 626:, now have successful 552: 537: 524:Cycling infrastructure 519: 380:, a triple-chainrings 316: 153: 102:human-powered vehicles 82: 71: 7606:Sustainable transport 6483:List of bicycle types 6467:Sustainable transport 6226:Cross-country cycling 6209:fast-paced recreation 6048:General and technical 5226:10.1055/s-2007-972992 4727:Seaton, Matt (2006). 3483:10536/DRO/DU:30078063 3257:. Elsevier. pp. 1828:Fancy Women Bike Ride 1740:linking cycling with 1618: 1606: 1598:safety when bicycling 1538: 1529:Further information: 1477: 1407: 1279: 1223:compulsory helmet use 1127: 1105: 971: 963: 952: 886: 791: 779: 674: 637: 543: 531: 509: 311: 77: 66: 6713:United Arab Emirates 5935:Global Health Action 5876:Environmental Health 5262:on 28 September 2007 4733:Black Dog Publishing 4248:"Bicycling and Pain" 3531:on 28 September 2009 2486:on 29 September 2019 2185:on 14 November 2011. 2167:on 25 February 2007. 2078:on 20 November 2015. 2051:12 June 2018 at the 2044:SIBILSKI, LESZEK J. 1446:exercise that, like 1280:Headquarters of the 1080:mountain bike racing 1048:Velodyne streamliner 58:Cycling (ice hockey) 32:Bicycling (magazine) 7611:Symbols of Illinois 7601:Emissions reduction 7570:Bicycle cooperative 7450:Outline of exercise 7418:Exercise physiology 7305:Suspension training 7295:Bodyweight exercise 6580:by country and city 6293:Road bicycle racing 6163:Cold-weather biking 6138:Bicycle rental/hire 6075:Bicycle performance 5888:2010EnvHe...9...64J 5841:2010AtmEn..44.2263I 5327:on 17 February 2006 5157:on 26 November 2016 4864:on 19 November 2008 4508:2019PLoSO..1411779L 4416:2015PLoSO..1025491T 4254:on 23 December 2010 4000:"Physical activity" 3950:2019PLoSO..1411779L 3885:2018EnInt.120..199A 3815:on 17 December 2019 3679:10.1289/ehp.0901747 3606:2018EnInt.120..199A 3396:Wardlaw MJ (2000). 3385:on 6 February 2014. 2970:. 1 November 2011. 2460:on 26 December 2018 2141:on 26 February 2012 2102:on 5 February 2015. 1950:(Online ed.). 1916:(Online ed.). 1882:(Online ed.). 1853:Outline of bicycles 1738:scientific evidence 1596:is recommended for 1576:Overuse (intrinsic) 1298:Good Roads Movement 1290:energy conservation 1272:Cycling association 1254:within cycling and 1219:cycle helmet debate 1107:Metropolitan Police 893:San Jose Bike Party 7413:Exercise equipment 7408:Exercise and music 7358:Muscle hypertrophy 7267:Anaerobic exercise 7237:Endurance training 6447:Bicycle collecting 6322:Health, safety and 5807:on 5 February 2016 5544:"Cycle of despair" 5193:on 9 December 2016 5027:. 15 December 2009 3852:on 20 October 2016 3105:on 18 January 2022 2968:content.tfl.gov.uk 2938:10.3390/su12187775 2574:The Police Journal 2329:. 9 December 2003. 1833:History of cycling 1674:Recumbent bicycles 1629: 1613: 1557:per hour of travel 1547: 1484: 1410: 1393:risk-benefit ratio 1364:traffic congestion 1286: 1243:Black Lives Matter 1149:cities and roads. 1134: 1114: 1040:Recumbent bicycles 981: 978:Golden Gate Bridge 966: 958: 889: 873:reliability trials 867:(or gran fondos), 797: 786: 730:bicycles by police 685: 647: 593:attachment devices 553: 538: 520: 317: 146:History of cycling 83: 72: 43:Cyclist (magazine) 7578: 7577: 7545:Bicycle commuting 7540:Vehicular cycling 7482: 7481: 7386: 7385: 7353:Interval training 7328:Athletic training 7300:Flywheel training 7285:Strength training 7165: 7164: 6963: 6962: 6539: 6538: 6431:Vehicular cycling 6198:Vehicular cycling 6133:Bicycle messenger 6128:Bicycle commuting 5835:(19): 2263–2270. 5758:on 3 October 2008 4820:on 11 April 2009. 4742:978-1-904772-40-8 4079:978-0-19-286151-1 4053:on 12 March 2007. 3462:Transport Reviews 3296:Transport Reviews 3276:978-0-12-176480-7 2849:978-1-59213-613-1 2539:"Cycle Responder" 2031:978-1-61091-872-5 1958:(Subscription or 1924:(Subscription or 1890:(Subscription or 1742:testicular cancer 1480:Prins Hendrikkade 1414:physical exercise 1260:links to feminism 1247:Street Riders NYC 1170:vehicular cycling 1092:recumbent bicycle 834:Paris–Brest–Paris 699:urban environment 628:bike hire schemes 582:mode of transport 496:vehicular cycling 473:rules of the road 309: 298: 297: 193:Ho Chi Minh Trail 166:horses in warfare 134:competitive sport 16:(Redirected from 7618: 7596:Aerobic exercise 7509: 7502: 7495: 7486: 7485: 7474: 7473: 7460:Physical fitness 7455:Physical culture 7430:Exercise mimetic 7368:Physical therapy 7338:Circuit training 7232:Distance running 7214:Aerobic exercise 7210: 7209: 7192: 7185: 7178: 7169: 7168: 6726: 6725: 6576: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6543: 6542: 6529: 6528: 6503:List of cyclists 6396:Cycling advocacy 6381:Bike-to-Work Day 6336:Bicycle-friendly 6216:Artistic cycling 6158:Challenge riding 6119:Utility and slow 6080:Electric bicycle 6070:Bicycle geometry 6065:Bicycle dynamics 6006: 5999: 5992: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5966: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5909: 5899: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5806: 5800:. Archived from 5783: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5757: 5750: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5733: 5724:. October 2010. 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5550:. 12 August 1998 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5470:. Archived from 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5421: 5410:10.1136/bmj.g425 5389: 5380: 5379: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5283:European Urology 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5192: 5181: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5067: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4982: 4976:The Conversation 4967: 4961: 4960: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4904: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4812: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4699: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4658: 4640: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4583: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4537: 4519: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4445: 4427: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4250:. 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Archived from 3099:Racial Injustice 3091: 3085: 3084: 3066: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3017: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2976: 2965: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2940: 2916: 2905: 2904: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2852:. Archived from 2833: 2827: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2816: 2810:. Archived from 2809: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2732:on 27 April 2012 2722: 2716: 2715: 2705: 2687: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2646: 2628: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2446: 2440: 2435: 2422: 2416: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2402:. Archived from 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2372:. Archived from 2362: 2356: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2272: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2181:. 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Archived from 2068: 2062: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1970: 1964: 1963: 1955: 1943: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1921: 1909: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1887: 1875: 1868: 1823:Cycling mobility 1813:Cycling advocacy 1792: 1790:Transport portal 1787: 1786: 1778: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1632:Overuse injuries 1594:bicycle lighting 1460:stationary cycle 1380:stationary bikes 1320:upright bicycles 1314:in Switzerland, 1194:training courses 1147:bicycle-friendly 921:In 2020, due to 908:cruiser bicycles 794:Portland, Oregon 454:bicycle computer 310: 278: 277: 267: 260: 253: 246: 239: 232: 223: 212: 160:Bicycle infantry 88:, also known as 27:Riding a bicycle 21: 7626: 7625: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7560:Bicycle trailer 7550:Utility bicycle 7521: 7513: 7483: 7478: 7464: 7445:Fitness culture 7435:Exercise trends 7382: 7363:Outdoor fitness 7316: 7310:Weight training 7261: 7201: 7196: 7166: 7161: 7119:New South Wales 7097: 6959: 6897: 6854: 6774: 6717: 6612: 6581: 6570: 6540: 6535: 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3129:The War on Cars 3123: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3043: 3039: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2917: 2908: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2850: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2818: 2817:on 4 March 2012 2814: 2807: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2664: 2660: 2605: 2601: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2549:on 2 April 2016 2537: 2536: 2532: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2433: 2431:Wayback Machine 2423: 2419: 2409: 2407: 2406:on 17 July 2014 2394: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2376:on 11 July 2015 2364: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2307:on 7 March 2019 2299: 2298: 2294: 2253: 2249: 2220: 2216: 2206: 2204: 2203:. 25 March 2017 2195: 2194: 2190: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2099: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2083: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2053:Wayback Machine 2043: 2039: 2032: 2010: 2006: 1971: 1967: 1957: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1848:Masters cycling 1798:Bicycle culture 1788: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1750: 1701: 1634: 1583: 1581:Physical trauma 1571:Physical trauma 1533: 1527: 1511: 1465:hip arthroscopy 1422:tobacco smoking 1402: 1376: 1360:noise pollution 1340: 1303:In Europe, the 1274: 1268: 1234: 1138:inter-city rail 1132:, 29 April 2005 1100: 987: 956:cyclists racing 947: 931: 912:Mount Tamalpais 904:Mountain biking 901: 869:Challenge Rides 846: 844:Organized rides 829:fietsvierdaagse 801:Bicycle touring 774: 772:Bicycle touring 768: 766:Bicycle touring 763: 706:postal services 691: 689:Utility cycling 677:tender coconuts 669: 664: 657: 562:traffic calming 526: 504: 469: 442:bicycle helmets 414: 392:clipless pedals 329:gluteus maximus 321:utility bicycle 300: 294: 293: 292: 288:material and a 279: 271: 270: 269: 268: 263: 261: 256: 254: 249: 247: 242: 240: 235: 233: 228: 224: 210: 204: 170:Second Boer War 162: 156: 148: 142: 61: 54:Cycling (sport) 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7624: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7512: 7511: 7504: 7497: 7489: 7480: 7479: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7348:Cross-training 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7324: 7322: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7282: 7277: 7271: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7218: 7216: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7195: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7172: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7147: 7146: 7145: 7131: 7126: 7116: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7083: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7056: 7055: 7054: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7038:Massachusetts 7036: 7035: 7034: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6977: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6933: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6823:United Kingdom 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6782: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6750: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6736:Czech Republic 6732: 6730: 6723: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6631: 6626: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6569: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6426:Tegelijk groen 6423: 6418: 6416:Lane splitting 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6361:Bicycle safety 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6327: 6325: 6324:infrastructure 6319: 6318: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6268: 6266:Gravel cycling 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6231:Cycle speedway 6228: 6223: 6218: 6212: 6210: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6168:Indoor cycling 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6124: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6100:Tandem bicycle 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6026: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6009: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5979: 5978: 5941:(1): 1429081. 5921: 5862: 5818: 5769: 5737: 5709: 5687: 5660: 5641:(6): 479–484. 5625: 5606:(8): 1932–40. 5587: 5561: 5535: 5507: 5485: 5459: 5433: 5381: 5338: 5308: 5273: 5247: 5204: 5168: 5138: 5091: 5038: 5012: 4991: 4962: 4932:(4): 394–399. 4916: 4895:(11): 1621–8. 4875: 4849: 4823: 4796: 4757: 4748: 4741: 4719: 4670: 4625:BMC Geriatrics 4611: 4566:(4): 614–623. 4549: 4482: 4457: 4390: 4355:(4): 848–859. 4338: 4303:(3): 175–180. 4287: 4265: 4239: 4196: 4161:(9): 751–758. 4142: 4105:(4): 496–509. 4085: 4078: 4056: 4038: 4016: 3991: 3924: 3863: 3826: 3776:Safety Science 3759: 3722:(8): e13–e15. 3702: 3653: 3580: 3561:(3): 280–289. 3542: 3505: 3448: 3437: 3388: 3359: 3315: 3302:(6): 689–694. 3282: 3275: 3241: 3219: 3193: 3182:. 14 July 2021 3167: 3156:. 18 June 2015 3141: 3116: 3086: 3057:(5): 909–929. 3037: 2988: 2952: 2925:Sustainability 2906: 2867: 2856:on 27 May 2010 2848: 2828: 2795: 2777:Newcomb, Tim. 2769: 2758:. 24 June 2020 2743: 2717: 2658: 2599: 2560: 2530: 2497: 2471: 2441: 2417: 2400:fietsberaad.nl 2387: 2357: 2332: 2318: 2292: 2247: 2214: 2188: 2170: 2152: 2126: 2105: 2081: 2063: 2061:, 2 April 2015 2058:The World Bank 2037: 2030: 2004: 1985:(3): 233–248. 1979:Social History 1965: 1931: 1897: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1779: 1763: 1760: 1749: 1746: 1705:bicycle saddle 1700: 1699:Saddle related 1697: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1633: 1630: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1544:Basque Country 1531:Bicycle safety 1526: 1525:Bicycle safety 1523: 1510: 1507: 1444:weight bearing 1401: 1398: 1375: 1374:Health effects 1372: 1339: 1336: 1284:in Switzerland 1270:Main article: 1267: 1264: 1233: 1230: 1128:San Francisco 1099: 1096: 1052:Track bicycles 1005:Tour de France 983:Main article: 954:Tour de France 946: 943: 930: 927: 900: 897: 865:cyclosportives 845: 842: 816:bicycle trails 770:Main article: 767: 764: 762: 759: 739:cycle couriers 723:Central London 687:Main article: 668: 665: 663: 660: 655: 589:bicycle stands 545:Bicycle stands 503: 502:Infrastructure 500: 477:bicycle rodeos 468: 465: 412: 344:mountain bikes 296: 295: 273: 272: 226: 225: 218: 217: 216: 215: 206:Main article: 203: 200: 158:Main article: 155: 152: 144:Main article: 141: 138: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7623: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7510: 7505: 7503: 7498: 7496: 7491: 7490: 7487: 7477: 7467: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7420: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7319: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7264: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7193: 7188: 7186: 7181: 7179: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7151: 7148: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7124: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7074:New York City 7072: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7057: 7053: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005:San Francisco 7003: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6992:United States 6990: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6968:North America 6966: 6954: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6924: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6777: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6678: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6588: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6567: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6532: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6376:Bike registry 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6356:Bicycle rodeo 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6320: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6298:Track cycling 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6246:Cyclosportive 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6178:Randonneuring 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6007: 6002: 6000: 5995: 5993: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5822: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5754: 5747: 5741: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5697: 5691: 5683: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5594: 5592: 5576:. 7 June 1999 5575: 5571: 5565: 5549: 5545: 5539: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5511: 5496: 5489: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5448: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5386: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5354:(7): 419–25. 5353: 5349: 5342: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5189: 5185: 5184:www.nhtsa.gov 5178: 5172: 5156: 5152: 5151:www.rospa.com 5148: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5087:individually. 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5042: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5001: 4995: 4988: 4977: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4729:On Your Bike! 4723: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4291: 4275: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4147: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4026: 4020: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3848: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3797:11250/2766251 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3623:10044/1/62973 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3585: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3547: 3527: 3520: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3446: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3363: 3354: 3353:10044/1/89043 3349: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3286: 3278: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3254: 3245: 3229: 3223: 3207: 3203: 3197: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2992: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2840: 2832: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2501: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2391: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2328: 2322: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2218: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2115: 2109: 2098: 2091: 2085: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2041: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1969: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1942: 1935: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1908: 1901: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1874: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1780: 1777: 1776:Sports portal 1766: 1759: 1756: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1732: 1727: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666:carpal tunnel 1664:in the palm, 1663: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1509:Mental health 1506: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1492:Active travel 1489: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1461: 1458:Cycling on a 1456: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1437: 1431: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1406: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1343: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1322:) and by the 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1212:direct action 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200:Critical Mass 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1182:encouragement 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1131: 1130:Critical Mass 1126: 1122: 1119: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1088:bicycle frame 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056:track cycling 1054:are used for 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 1001: 997: 992: 986: 979: 975: 970: 962: 955: 951: 942: 940: 936: 926: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 896: 894: 885: 881: 878: 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 850:cycling clubs 841: 837: 835: 831: 830: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 795: 790: 783: 778: 773: 758: 756: 752: 751:Mercedes-Benz 748: 744: 740: 734: 731: 726: 724: 720: 716: 711: 707: 702: 700: 696: 690: 682: 678: 673: 659: 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