17:
102:
plates and gemstones (fastened with filigree). Between them there is a narrow central band of filigree work. At the ends of the cross there are two enamel plates decorated with gemstones, pearls and filigreework on either side of a gemstone. The eighteen enamel plates on the cross can be divided into
276:
Beukers records in note 666 the exceptional significance of cedar wood in the
Medieval context since it was "exceptionally unusual" western goldwork and states that it achieved an "almost relic-like position" on account of its extreme rarity in the west. He also considers the wood's origin to be the
157:
origin; The four tablets of the third group have been shown to have been made in the Empire. The enamel work seems ultimately to have been derived from older pieces, which were made available for the creation of the cross from a treasure fund in the possession of the donor - in a similar way to the
371:
Beuckers discusses the possibility of that this, Essen's fourth processional cross, was required on the occasion of the consecration of the crypt (which contained four altars) or for each of the four corners of the high altar at its consecration in 1054 (to which the crosses were probably attached
103:
three groups. The first group depicts stylised plants or animals whose natural models can only be found in the east (there are eight of these). The six plates on the stem and branches of the cross have a plaited pattern. The four enamels in the third group feature an interplay of the
372:
during the ceremony). Finally, however, he leaves the question open since in view of the close proximity of the two events in time, it seems impossible and pointless to conclude with certainty.
540:
71:
core, decorated on both faces and the edges. On the edges there is an inscription, originally worked in gilt silver, but now largely lost, which identifies
Theophanu as the
406:
203:
98:
work, which extends beyond the crossing and thereby enlarges the centre of the cross. Running along the edges of the cross are two bands made up of alternating
571:
545:
303:
453:
431:
Form of cross typical of Early
Christian and Early Medieval art, where the cross, or at least its front side, is principally decorated with jewels.
82:
The ends of the cross are formed by rectangular sections with rounded inner corners. At the centre on the front, there is a large, oval
130:
According to the fragmentary inscription, Theophanu was the donor of the cross. It was probably intended to be a counterpart to the
158:
gems. The
Byzantine components of the Theophanu cross are probably derived from the possessions inherited by the Ezzonids from the
413:
256:
241:
226:
592:
293:
by inheritance, either being recycled from an earlier artefact or brought in raw form for "subsequent manufacture."
525:
181:
131:
602:
494:
176:
48:
135:
208:
44:
138:. An exact date for the donation of the cross is not possible, but it might be connected with the
607:
597:
468:
399:
383:
Die
Ezzonen und ihre Stiftungen. Eine Untersuchung zur Stiftungstätigkeit im 11. Jahrhundert.
360:
Die
Ezzonen und ihre Stiftungen. Eine Untersuchung zur Stiftungstätigkeit im 11. Jahrhundert.
344:
Die
Ezzonen und ihre Stiftungen. Eine Untersuchung zur Stiftungstätigkeit im 11. Jahrhundert.
328:
Die
Ezzonen und ihre Stiftungen. Eine Untersuchung zur Stiftungstätigkeit im 11. Jahrhundert.
215:
Die
Ezzonen und ihre Stiftungen. Eine Untersuchung zur Stiftungstätigkeit im 11. Jahrhundert
8:
463:
448:
47:
and is among the most significant pieces of goldwork from that period. It was donated by
504:
458:
443:
232:
Alfred
Pothmann. "Der Essener Kirchenschatz aus der Frühzeit der Stiftsgeschichte." In
115:
40:
566:
520:
252:
237:
222:
171:
249:
Farbiges Gold – Die ottonischen Kreuze in der Domschatzkammer Essen und ihre Emails.
499:
159:
119:
75:(donor). From the fragments a portion, at least, of the text can be reconstructed:
153:
At least eight but possibly up to fourteen of the eighteen enamel tablets are of
114:
The back of the cross is covered by a gilt-copper plate, engraved with a bust of
99:
29:
530:
473:
586:
561:
489:
278:
154:
143:
94:. The crystal is located on a round plate decorated with pearls, jewels and
422:
234:
Herrschaft, Bildung und Gebet – Gründung und Anfänge des Frauenstifts Essen
193:
139:
60:
79:"Born of a royal family, noble Abbess Theophanu donated this standard".
307:
147:
87:
286:
282:
108:
104:
67:
mounted at its centre, 44.5 cm high and 30 cm wide with a
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95:
37:
16:
77:
EDITA REGALE GENERE NOBILIS ABBATISSA THEOPHANU HOC SIGNUM DEDIT
391:
83:
68:
64:
91:
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281:, probably coming to Germany as part of the dowry of the
51:, Abbess of Essen, who reigned from 1039 to 1058.
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338:
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86:crystal. Behind it there are two pieces of the
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407:
349:
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221:Bd. 42). Lit Verlag, Münster/ Hamburg 1993,
20:Cross of Theophanu, Essen Cathedral Treasury
317:
414:
400:
314:Fredebeul & Koenen, Essen 1966, p. 58.
198:Die Kunstwerke der Münsterkirche zu Essen.
111:methods, forming a fisch scale pattern.
15:
585:
395:
247:Klaus Gereon Beuckers, Ulrich Knapp.
13:
14:
619:
118:in the centre and symbols of the
541:Cross of San Salvador de Fuentes
421:
236:. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2000,
187:
526:Essen cross with large enamels
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365:
296:
270:
54:
1:
251:Domschatzkammer Essen 2006,
59:The basic form is that of a
7:
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134:donated by her predecessor
90:on red velvet, enclosed as
10:
624:
495:Cross of Otto and Mathilde
312:Der Essener Münsterschatz.
177:Cross of Otto and Mathilde
125:
554:
513:
482:
436:
429:
263:
146:'s crypt in 1051 or the
63:with a lump of Egyptian
45:Essen Cathedral Treasury
593:11th-century sculptures
381:Klaus Gereon Beuckers,
358:Klaus Gereon Beuckers,
342:Klaus Gereon Beuckers,
326:Klaus Gereon Beuckers,
21:
469:Treasure of Guarrazar
204:Klaus Gereon Beuckers
19:
572:Cross of Chersonesus
546:Cross of Stift Enger
229:(= Diss. Bonn 1993).
41:processional crosses
603:Ottonian sculptures
464:Cross of Desiderius
449:Cross of the Angels
536:Cross of Theophanu
444:Cross of Justin II
289:and thence to the
116:Christ Pantocrator
26:Cross of Theophanu
22:
580:
579:
567:Cross of Adelheid
521:Cross of Mathilde
182:Senkschmelz Cross
172:Cross of Mathilde
132:Senkschmelz cross
36:) is one of four
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505:Cross of Peñalba
500:Cross of Lothair
454:Cross of Agilulf
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409:
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369:
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347:
340:
331:
324:
315:
304:Leonhard Küppers
300:
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274:
219:Kunstgeschichte.
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200:Düsseldorf 1904.
160:Ottonian dynasty
120:Four evangelists
623:
622:
618:
617:
616:
614:
613:
612:
583:
582:
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459:Cross of Gisulf
437:6th–9th century
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34:Theophanu-Kreuz
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11:
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531:Imperial Cross
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474:Ardennes Cross
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53:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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608:Essen Minster
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562:Cross of Cong
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527:
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490:Victory Cross
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330:p. 91 n. 669.
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292:
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279:Mediterranean
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258:
257:3-00-020039-8
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242:3-88474-907-2
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227:3-89473-953-3
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122:at the ends.
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27:
18:
598:Crux gemmata
555:12th century
535:
514:11th century
483:10th century
423:Crux gemmata
382:
377:
367:
359:
343:
327:
311:
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272:
248:
233:
218:
214:
197:
194:Georg Humann
188:Bibliography
152:
140:consecration
129:
113:
81:
76:
58:
33:
25:
23:
207: [
61:Latin cross
55:Description
587:Categories
385:p. 91, 94.
308:Paul Mikat
148:High altar
88:true cross
302:Cited in
287:Theophanu
285:princess
283:Byzantine
155:Byzantine
150:in 1054.
109:champleve
105:cloisonne
49:Theophanu
291:Ezzonids
166:See also
136:Mathilde
96:filigree
38:Ottonian
144:Minster
142:of the
126:History
73:Stifter
43:in the
362:p. 94.
255:
240:
225:
100:enamel
92:relics
84:quartz
65:quartz
30:German
346:p. 91
264:Notes
211:]
69:cedar
253:ISBN
238:ISBN
223:ISBN
107:and
24:The
217:(=
589::
351:^
335:^
319:^
310:,
306:,
213:.
209:de
196:.
162:.
32::
415:e
408:t
401:v
259:.
244:.
28:(
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