Crime in New York City

3921: 3661:, New York City achieved the lowest crime rate among the ten-largest cities in the United States. Since 1991, the city has seen a continuous fifteen-year trend of decreasing crime. Neighborhoods that were once considered dangerous are now much safer. Violent crime in the city has dropped by three quarters in the twelve years ending in 2005 with the murder rate at its lowest then level since 1963 with 539 murders that year, for a murder rate of 6.58 per 100,000 people, compared to 2,245 murders in 1990. The murder rate continued to drop each year since then. In 2012, there were 414 murders, mainly occurring in the outlying, low income areas of NYC. In 2014, there were 328 murders, the lowest number since the introduction of crime statistics in 1963. Among the 182 U.S. cities with populations of more than 100,000, New York City ranked 136th in overall crime. 3611:, three years before Giuliani took office. A small but significant nationwide drop in crime also preceded Giuliani's election, and continued throughout the 1990s. Two likely contributing factors to this overall decline in crime were federal funding of an additional 7,000 police officers and an improvement in the national economy. Many experts believe changing demographics were the most significant cause. Some have pointed out that during this time, murders inside the home, which could not be prevented by more police officers, decreased at the same rate as murders outside the home. Also, since the crime index is based on the FBI crime index, which is self-reported by police departments, some have alleged that crimes were shifted into categories that the FBI does not quantify. 3553:, a comparative statistical approach to mapping crime geographically to identify emerging criminal patterns and chart officer performance by quantifying apprehensions. CompStat gave precinct commanders more power, based on the assumption that local authorities best knew their neighborhoods and thus could best determine what tactics to use to reduce crime. In turn, the gathering of statistics on specific personnel aimed to increase accountability of both commanders and officers. Critics of the system assert that it instead creates an incentive to underreport or otherwise manipulate crime data. The CompStat initiative won the 1996 Innovations in Government Award from 1591: 3917:, "The FBI was reportedly so concerned about the legality of the NYPD's program that it refused to accept information that came out of it." Valerie Caproni, the FBI's general counsel, told the AP that the FBI is barred from sending agents into mosques looking for leads outside of a specific investigation and said the practice would raise alarms. "If you're sending an informant into a mosque when there is no evidence of wrongdoing, that's a very high-risk thing to do," she was quoted as saying. "You're running right up against core constitutional rights. You're talking about freedom of religion." 2658:: On the early morning of March 27, 2020, at around 3:15 AM, 49-year old Nathaniel Avinger set a northbound 2 train of the New York City Subway on fire as it entered the Central Park North–110th Street station in Harlem, Manhattan. The fire killed 36-year old train operator Garrett Goble, injured at least 16 others, and severely damaged the north part of the station and the train cars. Avinger, who was homeless at the time and had been previously convicted of assault, robbery and arson, was arrested four days later after his mugshot was published and has been charged with murder and arson. 2494:. The perpetrator, 36-year-old African-American Kevin Darden, was sentenced to 18 years in prison in a plea deal after initially facing 25 years to life in prison. Darden was a habitual offender that had previously been arrested 50 times. The sentence was criticised by both Kwok's family and James Muriel, the subway motorman who was at the controls of the train that struck Kwok, who stated that the incident destroyed his state of mind. Kwok's death in 2014 meant that the last three victims killed in NYC by being pushed into subway tracks since 2012 were all Asian-American men. 3673:. A December 2013 press release by the group said the bipartisan coalition included over 1,000 mayors. As mayor, Bloomberg increased the mandatory minimum sentence for illegal possession of a loaded handgun, saying: "Illegal guns don't belong on our streets and we're sending that message loud and clear. We're determined to see that gun dealers who break the law are held accountable, and that criminals who carry illegal loaded guns serve serious time behind bars." He opposes the death penalty, saying he would "rather lock somebody up and throw away the key and put them in 4816: 3650: 3904:, NYPD detectives were on the scene within a day to relay pertinent information back to New York. An August 2011 article by the Associated Press reported the NYCPD's extensive use of undercover agents (colloquially referred to as "rakers" and "mosque crawlers") to keep tabs, even build databases, on stores, restaurants, mosques. and clubs. NYPD spokesman Paul Browne denied that police trawled ethnic neighborhoods, telling the AP that officers only follow leads. He also dismissed the idea of "mosque crawlers", saying, "Someone has a great imagination." 2915:; he argues that crime was an "epidemic" and a small reduction by the police was enough to "tip" the balance. Another theory is that widespread exposure to lead pollution from automobile exhaust, which can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels, incited the initial crime wave in the mid-20th century, most acutely affecting heavily trafficked cities like New York. A strong correlation was found demonstrating that violent crime rates in New York and other big cities began to fall after lead was removed from American gasoline in the 1970s. 3776: 5416:, had a higher proportion of non-Chinese residents than in Chinatown's western section. During the 1970s and 1980s, this area had deteriorating building conditions, including vacant lots and storefronts, with fewer businesses. It suffered from many violent crimes such as gang activities, robberies, burglaries and rape, as well as racial tensions with other ethnic groups. Female Chinese garment workers were especially targets of robbery and rape, with many leaving work together in groups to protect each other as they were heading home. 3880:, "Kelly was one of the great humanitarians in policing under David Dinkins. I don't know what happened to him that all of a sudden his philosophical understanding of the importance of community and police liking each other has changed. Sometimes the expeditious need of bringing down crime numbers bring out the worst in us. So instead of saying let's just go seek out the bad guy, we get to the point of, 'Let's go get them all.' If Kelly can't philosophically change, then we need to have a leadership change at the top." 3856:. The national decline in both violent crime and property crime began in 1993, during the early months of Raymond Kelly's commissionership under Dinkins. At the time a firm believer in community policing, Kelly helped spur the decline in New York City by instituting the Safe Streets, Safe City program, which put thousands more cops on the streets, where they would be visible to and able to get to know and interact with local communities. As the 37th commissioner, he also pursued quality of life issues, such as the " 3845: 5048:, an uncontrolled fire could clearly be seen burning in the ravaged South Bronx surrounding the park. By the time of Cosell's 1977 commentary, dozens of buildings were being burned in the South Bronx every day, sometimes whole blocks at a time. The local police precincts – already struggling and failing to contain the Bronx's massive wave of drug and gang crime – had long since stopped bothering to investigate the fires, since there were too many to track. 14397: 5031:, leading landlords of nearby apartment buildings to neglect their properties as well. Police statistics show that as the crime wave moved north across the Bronx, the remaining white tenants in the South Bronx (mostly elderly Jews) were preferentially targeted for violent crime by the influx of young, minority criminals because they were seen as easy prey. This became so common that the slang terms "crib job" (meaning how elderly residents were as helpless as infants) and "push in" ( 4984: 14932: 5651: 1116:, was shot and killed by police officer Thomas Shea while running from an unmarked car, which he thought was a robbery attempt. Shea was charged with murder, the first time an NYPD officer had been so charged for a killing in the line of duty in 50 years. He claimed that he saw a gun, a claim contradicted by ballistic evidence that showed Glover had been shot from behind. Race riots broke out following his acquittal the following year. It inspired the opening verse of 5665: 2062: 19: 14945: 2464:. Of the four cousins indicted in the crime, 29-year old Kendel Felix was convicted of 2nd-degree manslaughter in September 2016; 32-year old Irvine Henry pled guilty in February 2017 to conspiracy, hindering prosecution and tampering with physical evidence; 28-year old Kendall Felix was sentenced in March 2019 to seven years in prison; and 38-year old Erskine Felix, charged with kidnapping and 2nd-degree murder, was sentenced to 15-years-to-life in prison. 3048: 3079:

some seriously. There were other rampant crimes as well. For example, in the first two weeks of December 1977, "Operation Subway Sweep" resulted in the arrest of over 200 robbery suspects. Passengers were afraid of crime, fed up with long waits for trains that were shortened to save money and upset over the general malfunctioning of the system. The subway also had many dark subway cars. Further compounding the issue, on July 13, 1977, a

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high-ranking senior City Hall and transit officials considered raising the fare from 60 to 65 cents to fund additional transit police officers, who began to ride the subway during late nights (between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m.) owing to a sharp increase in crime in 1982. Operation High Visibility commenced in June 1985, had this program extended to 6 a.m., and a police officer was to be present on every train in the system during that time.

3967:, and by 1994, there were almost 4,500 uniformed and civilian members of the department, making it the sixth largest police force in the United States. Bratton had left the NYC Transit Police returning to Boston in 1992 to head the Boston Police Department, one of his long-time ambitions. In 1994, Bratton was appointed the 38th Commissioner of the NYPD by Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani. He cooperated with Giuliani in putting the 3876:, which is considered by some to be a form of racial profiling. In the first half of 2011, the NYC police made 362,150 such arrests, constituting a 13.5 percent increase from the same period in 2010, according to WNYC radio (which also reported that 84 percent of the people stopped were either black or Latino, and that "nine out 10 stops did not result in any arrest or ticket".) According to New York State Senator 3495: 5595:. New York City has the highest concentration of law enforcement agencies in the United States. As with the rest of the US, agencies operate at federal, state, and local (county and city) levels. However, New York City's unique nature means many more operate at lower levels. Many private police forces also operate in New York City. The New York City Police Department is the main police agency in the city. 2127:, in the head at point-blank range; he died shortly thereafter. The murder was a cold case until the arrest of two suspects, Ronald Washington and Karl Jordan Jr., in 2020, followed by that of a third suspect, Jay Bryant, in 2023, after they were indicted on unrelated cocaine trafficking charges. Washington and Jordan were convicted of the murder in 2024 while Bryant is set to be tried in January 2026. 1902:, often known as "Angel" for the winged outfits he wore during the Club Kids' heyday. After keeping his body on ice in a bathtub for several days, Alig ultimately dismembered it and threw the parts in the Hudson River, where they washed up on Staten Island the next month. The pair were not arrested until October, and would eventually serve over a decade in prison after pleading guilty to manslaughter. 3603:, going so far as to take the unprecedented step of releasing Dorismond's "extensive criminal record" to the public, for which he came under wide criticism. While many New Yorkers accused Giuliani of racism during his terms, former mayor Ed Koch defended him as even-handedly harsh: "Blacks and Hispanics ... would say to me, 'He's a racist!' I said, 'Absolutely not, he's nasty to everybody'." 11319:"The AP investigation revealed that the NYPD built databases of everyday life in Muslim neighborhoods, cataloguing where people bought their groceries, ate dinner and prayed. Plainclothes officers known as "rakers" were dispatched into ethnic communities, where they eavesdropped on conversations and wrote daily reports on what they heard, often without any allegation of criminal wrongdoing,"— 3828: 3465: 2249: 1588:. The crime is attributed to a group of young men who were practicing an activity the police called "wilding", with five of these teens convicted and jailed. In 2002, after the five had completed their sentences, Matias Reyes – a convicted rapist and murderer serving a life sentence for other crimes – confessed to the crime, after which DNA evidence proved the five teens innocent. 605:, died of gunshot wounds inflicted the day before during a Manhattan business meeting. He refused to identify his killer to police. A fellow gambler who was believed to have ordered the hit as retaliation for Rothstein's failure to pay a large debt from a recent poker game (Rothstein, in turn, claimed it had been fixed) was tried and acquitted. No other suspects have ever emerged. 2200:, is last seen leaving a subway station with two unidentified individuals. Several days later plastic bags with parts of his dismembered body were found around the neighborhood. In 2017, police arrested a suspect already in custody for another heretofore unsolved Brooklyn homicide and charged him with killing Brazell, who had lived across the street from at the time. 2855:. The incident, which was caught on surveillance camera, appeared to show the two men intimidating Vega before he turned towards them. One of the men then punched Vega in the face, causing him to fall and land on his back with his head under a parked car. The man then pick-pocketed an unconscious Vega and handed something to his accomplice. Vega was admitted to the 2580:: 45-year old Henry Bello, a former doctor at the facility, shot and killed 32-year old Tracy Sin-Yee Tam and wounded six other people at the hospital before committing suicide. Tam was randomly targeterd after Bello was unable to find his intended target, a different doctor who had accused him of sexual harassment which led to his termination. 1048:. What happened when they got there is still unclear, but both officers were seriously beaten, and one, Philip Cardillo, was shot. He died of the wounds six days later. Louis 17X Dupree, director of the mosque's school, was eventually tried for Cardillo's murder. After the first jury deadlocked, he was acquitted at a second trial. 9691: 3119:. Garelik continued in his role of chief of security for the MTA. By September 1979, around 250 felonies per week (or about 13,000 that year) were being recorded on the subway, making the crime rate the most of any other mass transit network anywhere in the world. Some police officers supposedly could not act upon the 3571: 5320:, has historically had some of the highest rates of poverty and violent crime citywide. Although the rate of crime has decreased compared to historic highs of the early 1990s, high rates of crime are still prevalent in the neighborhood. Crime in Harlem is primarily related to illicit activities such as 3687:

In 2007, New York City had 494 reported homicides, down from 596 homicides in 2006, and the first year since 1963 (when crime statistics were starting to be published) that this total was fewer than 500. though homicides rose (to 523) in 2008, they fell again in 2009 to 466, an almost fifty-year low.

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radios transmitted at different frequencies, and if additional help above ground was needed, it could not be summoned because no one above ground would hear the request. Subway patrols were also rigidly scheduled, and it wasn't long before felons (and even the general riders) knew exactly when police

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section of the Bronx kills 87 people unable to escape the packed dance club, the city's deadliest act of arson ever. Cuban refugee Julio González, who was angry about having been ejected from the club, is arrested, tried and convicted of murder and arson, making the crime also the deadliest to result

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ought to be proclaimed, but I have not a sufficient force to enforce it." The military did not reach the city until after the first day of rioting, when mobs had already ransacked or destroyed numerous public buildings, two Protestant churches, the homes of various abolitionists or sympathizers, many

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It is a practice of the New York City Police Department by which police officers stop and question hundreds of thousands of pedestrians annually, and frisk them for weapons and other contraband. The rules for stop, question and frisk are found in New York State Criminal Procedure Law section 140.50,

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reported that at Bratton's swearing-in on January 2, 2014, the new Police Commissioner praised his predecessor Raymond Kelly, but also signaled his intention to strike a more conciliatory tone with ordinary New Yorkers who had become disillusioned with policing in the city: "We will all work hard to

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system of tracking crimes, which proved successful in reducing crime in New York City and is still in use today. A new tax surcharge enabled the training and deployment of around 5,000 new better-educated police officers, police decision-making was devolved to precinct level, and a backlog of 50,000

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there were fewer than two dozen officers working on terrorism full-time; ten years later there were over 1,000. One of Kelly's innovations was his unprecedented stationing of New York City police detectives in other cities throughout the world following terrorist attacks in those cities, with a view

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In December 1989, David Dinkins appointed Lee Brown as the 36th Police Commissioner of New York City, and the second Black police commissioner in the city's history. Crime peaked for the first time in NYC history in 1990, but starting in 1991, crime began to decrease under Brown's community policing

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According to some analyses, the crime rate in New York City fell even more in the 1990s and 2000s than nationwide and therefore credit should be given to a local dynamic: highly focused policing. In this view, as much as half of the reduction in crime in New York in the 1990s, and almost all in the

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Giuliani continued to highlight crime reduction and law enforcement as central missions of his mayoralty throughout both terms. These efforts were largely successful. However, concurrent with his achievements, a number of tragic cases of abuse of authority came to light, and numerous allegations of

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At a forum three months into his term as mayor, Giuliani mentioned that freedom does not mean that "people can do anything they want, be anything they can be. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion about what you do and how

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JFK Airport cargo terminal, an armed gang makes off with $ 5 million in cash and $ 875,000 in jewelry in the early hours of the morning. The well-planned robbery was at the time the largest cash theft ever in the United States and remains the largest theft ever at the airport. It was masterminded by

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used to be majority Italian and Jewish, but have shifted into mostly Black and Hispanic communities. Between the 1950s and 1970s a demographic shift occurred, the borough lost almost 500,000 people, most of them White, and at the same time the crime rate in Brooklyn increased. Those residents moved

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Despite significant investment compared to the post-war period, many exacerbated social problems remain in many neighborhoods including high rates of violent crime, substance abuse, overcrowding, and substandard housing conditions. The Bronx has the highest rate of poverty in New York City, and the

5055:, which triggered massive looting that bankrupted stores. By 1979, many Bronx neighborhoods went aflame and were turned into rubble. Apartment buildings were abandoned or sold to lesser landlords amid rapid urban decay. Its high schools became notorious as the city's worst, and it was struck by the 3863:

The decline continued when Kelly returned as 41st Commissioner under Mayor Bloomberg in 2002–2013. As commissioner of the NYPD under Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Kelly had often appeared at outreach events such as the Brooklyn's annual West Indian Day Parade, where he was photographed playing the drums

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reported, "He obtained the State Legislature's permission to dedicate a tax to hire thousands of police officers, and he fought to preserve a portion of that anticrime money to keep schools open into the evening, an award-winning initiative that kept tens of thousands of teenagers off the street."

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In New York City, legislation was enacted in 2006, affecting many areas of nightlife. This legislation was in response to a number of murders which occurred in the New York City area, some involving nightclubs and bouncers. The city council introduced four pieces of legislation to help combat these

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trains. Often, bus transfers, sold on the street for 50 cents, were also sold illegally, mainly at subway-to-bus transfer hubs. Mayor Koch even proposed to put a subway court in the Times Square subway station to speed up arraignments, as there were so many subway-related crimes by then. Meanwhile,

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However, as a consequence of the city's 1976 fiscal crisis, service had become poor and crime had gone up, with crime being announced on the subway almost every day. Additionally, there were 11 "crimes against the infrastructure" in open cut areas of the subway in 1977, where TA staff were injured,

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ordered an increase in the Transit Police force from 1,219 to 3,100 officers. During the hours at which crimes most frequently occurred (between 8:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m.), the officers went on patrol in all stations and trains. In response, crime rates decreased, as extensively reported by

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February 28, 2022 – Killing of GuiYing Ma: Ma, 62, was sweeping a sidewalk in Queens the previous year on November 26 when she was attacked with a rock by 32-year old Elisaul Perez. Ma, of Chinese descent, suffered serious injuries as a result, with permanent brain and skull damage. She went into a

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before eventually being crushed by an oncoming train. The two men had bumped into each other at the turnstiles. Han was drunk and began aggressively engaging Davis. Davis eventually pushed Han away, which caused him to fall onto the tracks. Han had some time to climb back onto the platform, but was

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in 2015, the week before his trial, which would have been the first murder prosecution without a body in the borough's history, was to start. In 2016, a jury acquitted Bonie, already serving time for assaulting his wife, of the murder charge but convicted him of manslaughter; he was sentenced to 25

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as they try to evict her from her Bronx apartment. Bumpurs, who was mentally ill, was wielding a knife and had slashed one of the officers. The shooting provoked heated debate about police racism and brutality. In 1987 officer Stephen Sullivan was acquitted on charges of manslaughter and criminally

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apartment of Leon Ling, a waiter at a Chinese restaurant, ten days after she was last seen leaving her parents' apartment to visit her grandmother. Evidence found in the apartment established that Ling and Sigel had been romantically involved, and he was suspected of the killing but never arrested.

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surged, and then declined continuously from around 1990 throughout the 2000s. As of 2023, New York City has significantly lower rates of gun violence than many other large cities. Its 2022 homicide rate of 6.0 per 100,000 residents compares favorably to the rate in the United States as a whole (7.0

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and identify problems. In weekly meetings, ranking NYPD executives meet with local precinct commanders from one of the eight patrol boroughs in New York City to discuss the problems. They devise strategies and tactics to solve problems, reduce crime, and ultimately improve quality of life in their

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The rates of most crimes, including all categories of violent crime, made consecutive declines from their peak in his first year, 1990, during the last 36 months of his four-year term. The 30-year upward spiral was ended and a trend of falling rates was initiated that continued beyond his term and

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Scholars differ on the causes of the precipitous decline in crime in New York City (which also coincided with a nationwide drop in crime which some have termed the "Great American Crime Decline"). In a 2007 paper, economist Jessica Reyes attributes a 56 percent drop in nationwide violent crime in

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Shoving attacks has become a noticeable problem ever since the 2000s, leading to multiple murders, as the subway lacks platform screen doors. In 2022, the New York City subway chief told commuters to stay off the platform edge as much as possible. The MTA Chair and CEO Janno Lieber stated that are

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that he would not let his teenage sons ride the subway at night, and that even he, as the subway chairman, was nervous riding the trains. The MTA began to discuss how the ridership issue could be fixed, but by October 1982, mostly due to fears about transit crime, poor subway performance, and some

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student, disappeared after leaving home for a friend's house. The NYPD closed the case after two days. Her body was found on May 15, severely tortured; she had been kept alive for a considerable length of time after the case was closed. The two perpetrators were convicted in a second trial after a

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blocked the order requiring changes to the New York Police Department's stop-and-frisk program and removed Judge Shira Scheindlin from the case. On November 9, 2013, the city asked a federal appeals court to vacate Scheindlin's orders. Bill de Blasio, who succeeded Bloomberg as mayor in 2014, has

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On top of this, few black officers were present on the force. In predominantly black New York neighborhoods, arrests and prosecutions for drug-related crimes were higher than anywhere else in the city, despite evidence that illegal drugs were being used at the same rate in white communities. This

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in 1980, a sharp rise in window-smashing on subway cars caused $ 2 million in damages; it spread to other lines during the course of the year. When the broken windows were discovered in trains that were still in service, they needed to be taken out of service, causing additional delays; in August

2362:. Although it was initially reported that 14-year old Romoy "C.J." Raymond was responsible due to being known for setting small-scale fires, it was determined that his mother, 30-year old Leisa Jones, had killed all four of her children by slitting their throats and committing suicide in the fire. 698:

and Mafia control of unions, was shot dead at a Manhattan intersection during the night. Given the enemies he had made and their propensity for violence, the list of potential suspects was long; however, the investigation was incomplete and no one was ever officially named. Historians believe the

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system, initiated by Bill Bratton and since adopted by police departments in other cities worldwide. The system, while recognized as highly effective in reducing crime, also puts pressure on local precincts to reduce the number of reports for the seven major crimes while increasing the number of

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as mayor was widely seen as a response by the electorate to concerns about rising crime. In March 2024 Adams said violent crime on the subway was being driven by recidivism: "We don't have a surge in crime. We have a surge in recidivism." Assaults on police officers continued to increase. Adams

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May 22, 2022 – Death of Daniel Enriquez: Enriquez, 48, was riding on a Manhattan-bound Q train when he was shot and killed in what police called a random attack. 25-year old Andrew Abdullah, previously convicted of gang conspiracy and already wanted for car theft since April 28, was arrested and

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immigrants when the latter group started moving into the area in the 1980s and 1990s. Due to the Fuzhou immigrants having no legal status and an inability to speak Cantonese, many were denied jobs in Chinatown, and instead became criminals to make a living. There was a large amount of Cantonese

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The construction of expressways in the Bronx, especially the CBE within the South Bronx, divided several neighborhoods and displaced thousands of residents and businesses. The already poor and working-class neighborhoods were further disadvantaged by the decreasing property value and increasing

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In 2006, as part of Mayor Michael Bloomberg's gun control efforts, the city approved new legislation regulating handgun possession and sales. The new laws established a gun offender registry, required city gun dealers to inspect their inventories and file reports to the police twice a year, and

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The Brennan Centre has also stated that the introduction of "compstat" procedures, being a combination of targeted enforcement at crime hot spots and the imposition of greater managerial accountability on police command staff, is the only tactic which has led clearly to subsequent reductions in

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Meehan had claimed to be able to, along with 2,300 police officers, "provide sufficient protection to straphangers", but Sliwa had brought a group together to act upon crime, so that between March 1979 and March 1980, felonies per day dropped from 261 to 154. However, overall crime grew by 70%

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in 1841 was heavily covered by the press, which also put the spotlight on the ineptitude and corruption in the city's watchmen system of law enforcement. At the time, New York City's population of 320,000 was served by an archaic force, consisting of one night watch, one hundred city marshals,

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divisions in the city contributed to the tensions. In 1964, a race riot started in Harlem, Manhattan, after an Irish NYPD lieutenant, Thomas Gilligan shot and killed a black teenager named James Powell, who was only 15. The riot spread to Bedford–Stuyvesant, and resulted in the destruction and

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Until 2018, crime under the de Blasio administration continued a generally downward trend. In January 2020 robberies were up 39% from the previous year, shootings were up 29% and car theft was up 72%. Likewise, February and March saw 20% increases in major index crimes. De Blasio said that the

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at the airport nine years earlier. Tensions among the gang over how to divide the money, and some members' failure to keep a low profile in the wake of the crime led to the deaths or disappearances of 10 of those involved over the next few months. Many of the killings are believed to have been

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perceive crime as their biggest single concern. Harlem today maintains one of the highest violent crime rates in New York City. In 2021, the 25th Precinct had the second-highest rates of felony assault and robbery, the sixteenth-highest rate of rape, and the highest rate of murder out of the

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magazine featured Bratton, not Giuliani, on its cover as the face of the successful war on crime in New York City. Giuliani forced Bratton out of his position after two years, in what was generally seen as a battle of two large egos in which Giuliani was unable to accept Bratton's celebrity.

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Moreover, South Bronx residents were reportedly burning down vacant properties, either for scrap or to get better housing, while some landlords were doing the same in order to collect the insurance money. Media attention brought the Bronx, especially its southern half, into common interest

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magazine to declare "The End of Crime as We Know It" on the cover of its edition of August 14, 1995. Giuliani's campaign credited the success to the zero-tolerance policy. The extent to which his policies deserve the credit is disputed. Incoming New York City Police Department Commissioner

5161:, when Brownsville's majority white teacher population clashed with the majority black residential population. Conversely, the mostly white population of Canarsie protested efforts at racial school integration in the early 1970s, which largely led to white flight in Canarsie by the 1980s. 3087:. Due to a sudden increase in violent crimes on the subway in the last week of 1978, police statistics about crime in the subway were being questioned. In 1979, six murders on the subway occurred in the first two months of the year, compared to nine during the entire previous year. The 2543:– Karina Vetrano went for a late afternoon run in Spring Creek Park. Her body was found around 11 pm, with evidence of assault and was ruled a homicide. 22-year old Chanel Lewis was arrested and tried for her murder and was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. 3379:

In August 2006, the New York City Council started initiatives to correct the problems highlighted by the deaths of Moore and St. Guillen. There was also discussions about electronic I.D. scanners. Quinn reportedly threatened to revoke the licenses of bars and clubs without scanners.

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player, and writer, was shot in the head early in the morning in his locked Manhattan home. Despite intense media interest, the crime was never solved (one confession to police was dismissed because the man who made it was of dubious sanity). The case inspired the development of the

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consecutive months of 20% increases had been caused by recent bail reforms. Some advocacy groups who support the bail reforms accused the NYPD of misclassifying non-index crimes to put pressure on politicians in Albany. While the cause remains a subject of debate, recent changes to

8245: 1014:. The gunmen, Herman Bell (now Jalil Muntaqim) and Anthony Bottom were arrested and imprisoned. Bell was released on parole in 2018. As of 2019 Muntaqim remained imprisoned. In 2007 the two men were also charged in connection with the 1971 killing of a San Francisco police officer. 2024:. A friend, Gerard Woodley, was arrested and charged with the murder three months later but then released; no other suspects have ever been identified. Police believe the murder was either revenge for something Coleman's brother had done, or that he was mistaken for his brother. 2535:

along Queens Boulevard; he died at the hospital later. Two men, Quincy Homere and Jamar Hill, were charged with the murder in 2017. Homere was already incarcarated for an armed bank robbery committed in November 2015 and pled guilty to a reduced charge of manslaughter in July

612:, an Associate Justice of the New York Supreme Court. He was last seen entering a New York City taxicab. Crater was declared legally dead in 1939. His mistress Sally Lou Ritz (22) left New York shortly after Crater's disappearance, but was found to be with her parents in Ohio. 3962:

in 1990. In 1991 the Transit Police gained national accreditation under Bratton. The department became one of only 175 law-enforcement agencies in the country and only the second in New York State to achieve that distinction. The following year it was also accredited by the

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limited individual handgun purchases to once every 90 days. The regulations also banned the use and sale of kits used to paint guns in bright or fluorescent colors, on the grounds that such kits could be used to disguise real guns as toys. In April, along with Boston mayor

3860:" that had become a sign of decay in the city. The murder rate in New York City had declined from its 1990 mid-Dinkins-administration historic high of 2,254 to 1,927, when Kelly left in 1994, and continued to plummet even more steeply under Mayors Giuliani and Bloomberg. 3365:. Security measures included cameras outside of nightclub bathrooms, a trained security guard for every 75 patrons and weapons searches for everyone, including celebrities entering the clubs. The new regulation resulted in stricter penalties for serving underage persons. 9695: 8258:

On April 23, 2021, Jarrod Powell, a 50-year-old African American attacked Yao Pan Ma, a 61-year-old Chinese immigrant in New York, USA. The victim died of a cerebral hemorrhage on the 31st December 2021. Powell was charged with two hate crime assaults and one attempted

1059:, Wojtowicz's wife, although it may have been an effort to repay Wojtowicz's gambling debts. The scheme fails when the cops arrive, leading to a tense 14-hour standoff. Natuarale is killed by the police at JFK Airport. The incident served as the basis for the 1975 film 2188:

section of Manhattan after being accosted by a gang of youths. Of the seven accused, Rudy Fleming, Servisio Simmons and Ashley Evans were tried, with Fleming received a life sentence for murder while Simmons and Evans served ten and six year sentences respectively for

2173:, killing 11. Pilot Richard Smith, who had nodded off due to the side effects of some over-the-counter painkillers he had taken, fled the scene for his home, where he was arrested after having survived two suicide attempts. He was later arrested, and pleaded guilty to 718:

after a black soldier is shot by the police and rumored to be dead. The incident touches off a simmering brew of racial tension, unemployment, and high prices to a day of rioting and looting. Several looters are shot dead, about 500 people are injured, and another 500

2207:

sexually assaults a co-worker while posing as a fireman, earning him the nickname of the "Fire Fiend" from the city's tabloids. He was arrested after leading officials on a multi-state manhunt. Braunstein was later sentenced to life and will be eligible for parole in

3718:"We're not going back to the bad old days when there was so much violence in the city, nor are we going back to the bad old days where policing was done the wrong way, and, in too many cases, police and community could never connect and find that mutual respect." 5447:, which was solely used for most social services, they struggled to survive and lived on the fringes of the community. Eventually, many Vietnamese youth within the city started to form gang factions. Under the leadership of a wealthy Vietnamese immigrant named 5471:

of the late 1980s and early 1990s impacted the community especially hard. The 33rd precinct was established in the area in 1993. The violent crime rate remains higher than the city as a whole today despite a significant decline compared to the crack epidemic.

3110:

asked the city's top law enforcement officials to devise a plan to counteract rising subway violence and to stop insisting that the subways were safer than the streets. Two weeks after Koch's request, top TA cops were publicly requesting Transit Police Chief

1406:

apartment from a Broadway show. Emmanuel Torres, the building custodian's son, was arrested at the end of the month and charged with the crime. He was convicted the following year and sentenced to life in prison. The case received considerable national media

788:

May 18, 1962 – Two NYPD detectives were killed in a gun battle with robbers at the Boro Park Tobacco store in Brooklyn, the first time two NYPD detectives died in the same incident since the 1920s. The resulting manhunt brings in the perpetrators, including

12827:. Retrieved May 16, 2007. "Capone was born on January 17, 1899, in Brooklyn, New York. ... He became part of the notorious Five Points gang in Manhattan and worked in gangster Frankie Yale's Brooklyn dive, the Harvard Inn, as a bouncer and bartender." 3115:'s resignation because they claimed that he had lost control of the fight against subway crime. Finally, on September 11, 1979, Garelik was fired, and replaced with Deputy Chief of Personnel James B. Meehan, reporting directly to City Police Commissioner 1228:. Bateson was convicted of the murder and served 25 years in prison; police suspected him in a series of serial killings of still-unidentified gay men whose dismembered bodies were found in bags in the Hudson (inspiring a plot element in the 1980 film 3522:

research. This involved crackdowns on relatively minor offenses such as graffiti, turnstile jumping, and aggressive "squeegeemen", on the principle that this would send a message that order would be maintained and that the city would be "cleaned up".

3409:'s administration (1990–1993), but then began to decline; the number of murders fell from the 1990 peak to a level close to Koch's worst year of 1989 by Dinkins's final year of 1993. The decline accelerated dramatically during the first term of Mayor 1191:. Police investigate several local parties Ciscone was known to have had disputes with but do not identify any suspects. Despite several promising anonymous tips to police around the killing's 20th anniversary in 1997, it remained unsolved as of 2019. 3473:

accelerated under his successor. Despite the actual abating of crime, Dinkins was hurt by the perception that crime was out of control during his administration. Dinkins also initiated a hiring program that expanded the police department nearly 25%.

3063:

reached a peak in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the city's subway having a crime rate higher than that of any other mass transit system in the world. During the 2000s, the subway had a lower crime rate, as crime started dropping in the 1990s.

2108:, where he had mistakenly gone to start a new job; due to scarce police resources at that time, the crime remains unsolved. It is the city's only official homicide for that day since the terrorist attack victims are not included in crime statistics. 12776:. Irish Cultural Society of the Garden City Area. September 1994. Retrieved May 16, 2007. "The Five Points slum was so notorious that it attracted the attention of candidate Abraham Lincoln who visited the area before his Cooper Union Address." 5019:. Primarily, White flight led to abandonment and deterioration of large numbers of buildings. This, coupled with a stagnant economy and an extremely high unemployment rate, attracted increased social problems including the proliferation of 2523:

was shot in Queens by Demetrius Blackwell after Moore and his partner asked Blackwell to stop while walking down the street; Moore died in the hospital two days later. Blackwell was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in

8237: 5067:, as two-thirds of the area's 94,000 residents had fled, and the station house was one of the few buildings that had not been abandoned or burnt down. In total, over 40% of the South Bronx was burned or abandoned between 1970 and 1980; 44 820:

from a black man, George Whitmore, who was innocent of the crime. Whitmore was compelled to wrongfully spend many years incarcerated, but he was eventually released after his innocence was established, while Robles remains in prison as of

3429:

has estimated that between 0% and 5% of the drop in crime in the 1990s may be attributed to higher employment; 5% to 10% of the drop may be attributed to income growth; and 0% to 10% of the drop from increased hiring of police officers.

5138:

looting of many neighborhood businesses, many of which were Jewish-owned. Race relations between the NYPD and the city's black community strained as police were seen as an instrument of oppression and racially biased law enforcement.

3148:

1980 alone, 775 vandalism-related delays were reported. Vandalism of subway cars, including windows, continued through the mid-1980s; between January 27 and February 2, 1985, 1,129 pieces of glass were replaced on subway cars on the

6305:

believe was being made into a bomb to be used in blowing up John D. Rockefeller's Tarrytown home, exploded prematurely at 9:16 o'clock in the upper story or on the roof of the new seven-story model tenement house at 1,626 Lexington

2866:

January 8–17, 2024 - Five people were stabbed in Brooklyn and Queens in a stabbing spree. Police later apprehended the suspect, 27-year-old Jermain Rigueur, and charged him with attempted murder, assault, and possession of a deadly

5043:

during a Yankees World Series game in 1977, refers to the arson epidemic caused by the total economic collapse of the South Bronx during the 1970s. During the game, as ABC switched to a generic helicopter shot of the exterior of

3202:

In 1989, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority asked the transit police (then located within the NYCTA) to focus on minor offenses such as fare evasion. In the early nineties, the NYCTA adopted similar policing methods for

2818:. A 44-year-old handyman David Bonola, who had been living illegally in the U.S. since 2002, was arrested on April 21 as a person of interest and the two reportedly argued before Gaal was killed by the handyman in her basement. 10494:

These data are from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, most of the recent ones are online. Under the header, "Crime in the United States", click on a year, then use Table 6. Data from pre-1995 is from the same FBI publication,

3383:

In September 2011, the NYPD Nightlife Association updated their Safety Manual Handbook. There is now a section on counterterrorism; this addition came after the planned terrorist attacks on certain bars and clubs worldwide.

3177:

economic factors, ridership on the subway was at extremely low levels matching 1917 ridership. Within less than ten years, the MTA had lost around 300 million passengers, mainly because of fears of crime. In July 1985, the

11336:"Police have also used special informants, dubbed "mosque crawlers", to monitor weekly sermons and activity inside of mosques – even when there's no evidence of wrongdoing, the AP said." – Colvin, Jill (August 24, 2011). 9076: 3606:

The amount of credit Giuliani deserves for the drop in the crime rate is disputed. He may have been the beneficiary of a trend already in progress. Crime rates in New York City started to drop in 1991 under previous mayor

3255:

also looking into "making changes to subway platforms", and that "these (shoving) incidents are unacceptable and have to stop." In 2022, the MTA announced that it will be trialing platform doors at three subway stations.

3187:

policy, which proposed to stop large-profile crimes by prosecuting quality of life crimes, was implemented. Along this line of thinking, the MTA began a five-year program to eradicate graffiti from subway trains in 1984.

2230:

is brutally tortured, raped, and killed in New York City after being abducted outside the Falls bar in the SoHo section of Manhattan. 41-year old bouncer Darryl Littlejohn is convicted of the crime and sentenced to life

3932:, which resulted in the City of New York having to pay out millions in settlement of lawsuits for false arrest and civil rights violations, as well as for its rough treatment of credentialed reporters covering the 2011 3135:

would be on their train, or at particular stations. The public perception at the time was that the war on subway crime was failing. In October of 1979, additional decoy and undercover units were deployed in the subway.

5169:

Starting in the mid-19th century, the United States became a magnet for immigrants seeking to escape poverty in their home countries. After arriving in New York, many new immigrants ended up living in squalor in the

3818:

has called both men "the city's most significant police leaders of the past quarter-century." However, New York City crime started to decline in 1991 under Lee Brown, the second Black police commissioner in history.

3222:

were elected to official positions, the Broken Windows strategy was more widely deployed in New York under the rubrics of "zero tolerance" and "quality of life". Crime rates in the subway and city dropped, prompting

1455:

after the two had left a bar to have sex in the park. The case was sensationalized in the press and raised issues over victims' rights, as Chambers' attorney attempted to smear Levin's reputation to win his client's

13935:"Attorneys for New York City asked a federal appeals court Saturday to vacate a judge's orders that require the police department to change its stop-and-frisk practice that critics argue unfairly targets minorities" 2614:, in which Guzman-Feliz was mistaken for a member of a rival gang. Public outrage arose when graphic video of the killing began to circulate on the Internet. Video footage shows Guzman-Feliz being dragged out of a 2306:; he died five days later. A massive manhunt led to the arrest of three men a week later in Pennsylvania, who were eventually convicted of the crime. All three were carrying guns obtained illegally, which led Mayor 13890:"On October 31, 2013, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Shira Scheindlin blocked the order requiring changes to the New York Police Department's stop-and-frisk program and removed the judge from the case" 5071:

lost more than 50% of their area to fires, and seven lost over 97% of their buildings to arson or abandonment. The appearance was frequently compared to that of a bombed-out and evacuated European city following

1433:, is shot to death in Harlem by undercover officer Lee Van Houten, who claimed that Perry and his brother, Jonah, attacked and attempted to rob him. A grand jury declined to indict Van Houten the following month. 5011:

of the 1950s and 1960s further contributed to middle-class flight and the decline of many neighborhoods. By the late 1960s, the vacancy rate of homes in the South Bronx was the highest of any place in the city.

2724:

in the city, as well as the country in general since 2020. Simon was initially found unfit to stand trial due to his schizophrenia but passed a mental health evaluation in April 2024 and since been charged with

1314:, a 78-year-old Bonanno family capo was indicted on charges of receiving money from the robbery and conspiring in it. He was acquitted the following year, the only person ever tried in connection with the crime. 9238: 1719:, a Cuban-born journalist who edited several Spanish-language newspapers, was shot to death at a Queens bar. Several men were later convicted in the murder, apparently carried out at the order of the Colombian 190:

policing, and other strategies in a major effort to reduce crime. The drop in crime has been variously attributed to a number of factors, including these changes to policing, the end of the crack epidemic, the

3321:, which required stronger background checks for bouncers. Among the legislative actions taken were the requirement of ID scanners, security cameras, and independent monitors to oversee problem establishments. 11294: 5839: 10224:

According to NYPD statistics, crime in New York City took a downturn starting around 1990 that continued for many years, shattering all the city's old records for consecutive-year declines in crime rates.

1564:

personally calling the Byrne family to offer condolences. Four men, apparently acting on the orders of a jailed drug dealer, were arrested within a week; all involved are serving lengthy prison sentences.

875:

July 14, 1965 - Two children, five-year-old Eddie and four-year-old Alice "Missy", went missing. Later that day, Missy was found strangled and five days after that, Eddie was also found dead. The mother

2342:

was thwarted when some shopkeepers and others notified a mounted officer about a 4-wheel-drive vehicle parked illegally. The officer also noticed smoke and explosives and called for backup. 30-year-old

11885: 3984:

identify why is it that so many in this city do not feel good about this department that has done so much to make them safe — what has it been about our activities that have made so many alienated?".

8297: 3357:, was unveiled on October 18, 2007. This voluntary rule book included a 58-point security plan drafted in part by the New York Nightlife Association, was further recommended by Police Commissioner 3067:

Various approaches have been used to fight crime. A 2012 initiative by the MTA to prevent crime is to ban people who commit one in the subway system from entering it for a certain length of time.

8212: 3583:, alleged that he had been harassed by police on several occasions. More controversial still were several police shootings of unarmed suspects, and the scandals surrounding the sexual torture of 9300: 5560:

packages including computer systems, software, mobile devices, and other implements collectively assembled under the heading of CompStat. Instead, CompStat is a multilayered dynamic approach to

5252:

period. The murder rate in Manhattan hit an all-time high of 42 murders per 100,000 residents in 1979. Manhattan retained the highest murder rate in the city until 1985 when it was surpassed by

3979:

On December 5, 2013, New York City mayor-elect Bill de Blasio named Bratton as New York City's new Police Commissioner to replace Raymond Kelly after de Blasio's swearing-in on January 1, 2014.

3372:

was created by the NYPD in response to what it referred to as "a series of high-profile and violent crimes against people who visited city nightclubs this year", mentioning the July 27 rape and

836:

by Winston Moseley. The crime is witnessed by numerous people, none of whom aid Genovese or call for help. The crime is noted by psychology textbooks in later years for its demonstration of the

8106: 1500:. Six officers are wounded, and Davis eludes capture for the next 17 days, during which time he became something of a folk hero in the neighborhood. Davis was stabbed to death in jail in 2008. 9269: 9904: 5725:

Johnson, Bruce D.; Golub, Andrew; Dunlap, Eloise (2006). "The Rise and Decline of Hard Drugs, Drug Markets, and Violence in Inner-City New York". In Blumstein, Alfred; Wallman, Joel (eds.).

5264:, though robbery in particular was a major quality-of-life concern throughout the borough. Through the 1990s and 2000s, crime in Manhattan plummeted in all categories versus historic highs. 903:

that had been exchanged overseas. The theft, which remained undiscovered for two days, was at the time the highest-valued cargo theft at the airport; it has since been exceeded by the 1978

1633:'s eight shooting victims is wounded in an attack in Brooklyn. Between 1990 and 1993, Seda wounds five and kills three in his serial attacks. He is captured in 1996 and convicted in 1998. 801:, in which freshly arrested suspects are paraded in front of the media: Rosenberg filed a federal lawsuit over prejudicial remarks made by a detective during his, and another detective, 657:, who left a telltale soap sculpture at the scene, was eventually arrested after a nationwide manhunt fed by widespread media coverage of the case, said to be the most intense since the 10204: 9934: 3246:, stated in a November 2004 press release that "Today, the subway system is safer than it has been at any time since we started tabulating subway crime statistics nearly 40 years ago." 2821:

April 30, 2022 – Murder of Zhiwen Yan: Yan, 45, of Chinese descent, was a food delivery worker on a shift when he was shot and killed on his scooter near 108th Street and 67th Drive in

11337: 12295:

Dunlap, Eloise; Johnson, Bruce D. "The Setting for the Crack Era: Macro Forces, Micro Consequences (1960–1992)", pp. 45–59, in Marilyn D McShane & Franklin P Williams III, eds,

2825:. On June 2, 2022, 51-year-old Glenn Hirsch was charged with his murder. He pleaded not guilty. In August 2022 Hirsch was found dead at his home from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. 11911: 8753: 7545: 8003: 3943:

inmate offered to pay an undercover police officer posing as a hit man to behead Kelly as well as bomb police headquarters in retaliation for the controversial police shooting of

3292:, was forced to resign in 1990 after accusations that he had engaged in financial improprieties and had engaged in sexual relations with several youth in the care of the charity. 7919: 8882: 11176: 11022: 8856: 2732:

by 25-year old Assamad Nash, a black man who had followed her home from the street and into the building. Nash was homeless at the time and had a record of misdemeanor arrests.

1485:. William Tager, who apparently believed that Rather was secretly broadcasting messages to him, was identified as one of the assailants in 1997 (though not charged because the 9523: 5076:. One of the most drastic cases of this was Charlotte Street in Crotona Park East—the street had become so deteriorated that part of it was de-mapped in 1974. After President 649:, 20, a model known for posing in lurid illustrations for pulp magazines, is brutally murdered along with her mother, Mary Gedeon and a boarder, Frank Byrnes in her mother's 9246: 8272: 3622:

Among those crediting Giuliani for making New York safer were several other cities nationwide whose police departments subsequently instituted programs similar to Bratton's

2328:

was found stabbed to death in his Brooklyn apartment during an apparent robbery. A teenage boy who had answered an Internet ad Weber placed was later convicted of the crime.

1693:. The identity of the child, dubbed "Baby Hope", is unknown until October 2013, when 52-year-old Conrado Juarez is arrested after confessing to killing the girl, his cousin 7837: 1560:

street where a homeowner had reported violence and threats against his house. The blatant, deliberate nature of the killing resulted in widespread outrage, with President

668:. No arrests were made and the case remains open; investigators today believe it may have been planted by British intelligence as a false flag operation to implicate the 12519: 11097: 2625:

October 5, 2019 – Four homeless men were beaten to death with a heavy blunt object, and a fifth was injured. They were found between 2 a.m. and 5 a.m. on the streets of

391:

immigrants, attacking blacks wherever they could be found. At least 11 blacks are estimated to have been killed. The conditions in the city were such that Major General

384:, resenting particularly that wealthier men, who could afford to pay a $ 300 ($ 5,555 in 2014 dollars) commutation fee to hire a substitute, were spared from the draft. 12730: 11066: 10805: 7227: 3920: 805:, was briefly demoted in response to outrage over a picture of him holding up the head of the other suspect, Tony Dellernia, for photographers who missed the perp walk. 14721: 3264: 2716:: Go, 40, of Chinese descent, was killed after she was pushed into the path of an oncoming subway train by 61-year old Martial Simon, a homeless Haitian immigrant, at 1132: 11991: 3413:(1994–1997), the number of murders falling by sixty percent, and continued to decline, though at much slower rates, during both his second term (1998–2001) and Mayor 763:

hidden inside a car shipped from France, with an estimated street value of $ 112 million, the biggest drug haul in U.S. history at that point. The work of detectives

11298: 2766:, was arrested for the murder and dismemberment of 68-year-old Susan Leyden, after having been previously released on other convictions of murder and sexual assault. 2744:

on February 28. Ma is the fourth American of Asian descent to be killed in the city within the last two months that has been directly attributed to violence against

2139:

mistrial was declared following a courtroom attack by one of them. Moore's family sued the NYPD over what they felt was inadequate attention to the case compared to

12045: 11477: 14288: 8726: 1549:, who died two days later from her injuries. The case provoked outrage that did not subside when Steinberg was released from prison in 2004 after serving 15 years. 13889: 13331: 12314: 2788:

were stabbed in a rage and severely injured by 60-year-old Gary Cabana, who was arrested two days later after fleeing and is now being tried for attempted murder.

2748:(AAPIs). Perez, initially charged with assault and harassment, was tried for manslaughter after Ma's death and sentenced to 20 years imprisonment in January 2023. 2391:

in the Bronx. Over the next two years, police eventually developed enough evidence to charge him with her murder despite the absence of her body. It was found in

2177:

the next year, for which he was sentenced to 18 months in prison; the city's ferry director also served a year and a day after pleading guilty to the same charge.

1076:

by someone who signed in under false names and nonexistent badge numbers. Several detectives were suspected of complicity in the thefts; in 2009 Brooklyn mobster

13616: 5627:. About 684,000 people were stopped in 2011. The vast majority of these people were black or Hispanic. Some judges have found that these stops are not based on 2100:, killing 2,606 people who were in the towers and on the ground. It is the deadliest mass-casualty incident in the city's history. That night, Polish immigrant 1200:

reporter Addison Verrill, 36, was found beaten and stabbed in his Greenwich Village apartment after having spent the night in gay bars. After the killer called

452:

April 14, 1903 – The dismembered and mutilated body of Benedetto Madonia, who had last been seen the day before eating with several high-ranking figures in the

11686: 10760: 10335: 6655: 10806:"Mayor Bloomberg and Police Commissioner Kelly Announce 2013 Saw the Fewest Murders and Fewest Shootings in Recorded City History at NYPD Graduation Ceremony" 1682:. Over the next eight years, Kee murders two more women before being arrested in February 1999. He is sentenced to three life terms in prison in January 2001. 14170: 9308: 5635: 12877: 6010: 928:

family, are found bludgeoned to death at 169 Avenue B, an incident dubbed "The Groovy Murders" by the press. Two drifters later plead guilty to the murders.

11162: 10855: 3929: 2667:

train. Two of the victims eventually died from their injuries. Police apprehended a suspect, 21-year old Rigoberto Lopez, homeless and originally from the

11460: 11205: 10197: 7436: 6885: 5556:, and was not a computer system or software package in its original form. Through an evolutionary process, however, some commercial entities have created 5455:, Vietnamese youths began a violent crime spree in Chinatown – robbing, extorting, and racketeering – drawing much resentment from the Chinese community. 5142:

further contributed to the problems between the white dominated police force and the black community. Race riots followed in 1967 and 1968 as part of the

3595:

was killed shortly after declining the overtures of what turned out to be an undercover officer soliciting illegal drugs. Even while hundreds of outraged

14185: 10044: 10012: 8398: 6058: 5544:

is the name given to the New York City Police Department's accountability process and has since been replicated in many other departments. CompStat is a

3434:

crime. As law professor Lawrence Rosenthal reported, this was introduced during Giuliani's first term as mayor, together with stop-and-frisk. Economists

924:

October 8, 1967 – James "Groovy" Hutchinson, 21, an East Village hippie/stoner, and Linda Fitzpatrick, 18, a newly converted flower child from a wealthy

8204: 2479:

Garner had repeatedly called out "I can't breathe!" The case attracted national attention as it occurred three weeks before the equally racially tinged

1577:, was found strangled under a Manhattan hotel bed. The autopsy established that she had been killed four days earlier. No suspects have ever been named. 661:

murder, which capitalized by Gedeon's risque professional work. After doubts about his sanity surfaced during trial, he was sentenced to life in prison.

14803: 14793: 12969:

Newcomer's Handbook for Moving to and Living in New York City: Including Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, Staten Island, and Northern New Jersey

12627: 9832: 7759: 7259: 5639:

pledged to reform the stop-and-frisk program, and is calling for new leadership at the NYPD, an inspector general, and a strong racial profiling bill.

3615:

2000s, is due to policing. Opinions differ on how much of the credit should be given to Giuliani; to Bratton; and to the current Police Commissioner,

2096:

September 11, 2001 – Two jetliners destroy the two 110-story World Trade Center Twin Towers and several surrounding buildings in part of a coordinated

10978: 8701: 7608: 6348: 1730:, New York City police officers, many of them openly drinking, block traffic, damage cars, shout racial slurs, and attack members of the news media. 816:

apartment by an intruder. Richard Robles, a young white man, was ultimately apprehended in 1965 after investigators erroneously arrested and forced a

12491: 10548: 8421: 8110: 7374: 730:

is fatally shot outside his Brooklyn home. An extensive investigation failed to identify any suspects, though police came to believe that either the

13556: 12547: 11718: 9912: 9277: 6574: 2558:, and no one was injured as a result. A suspect in both bombings, 28-year-old Ahmad Khan Rahimi, was arrested the following day after a shootout in 2310:

and other city officials to stiffen city ordinances on illegal firearm possession and seek tighter gun-control laws at the state and national level.

11261: 9872: 9746: 8658: 8030: 7657: 6318: 6281: 5186:

visited the area and was appalled by the horrendous living conditions he saw there. The area was so notorious that it even caught the attention of

5081: 3242:, however, stated the police played an "important, even central, role" in the declining crime rates. The trend continued and Giuliani's successor, 2475:

was applied to him during a confrontation with police over selling untaxed cigarettes. The incident, captured on cellphone video, showed that the

2317:

is murdered in her Manhattan office by 39-year old David Tarloff, a mentally-ill man whose intended victim was a psychiatrist in the same practice.

1849:, New York, shortly after midnight. No suspects have ever been identified, but it is often believed to be somehow related to his onetime colleague 14120:

Mills, Colleen E. "Gay visibility and disorganized and strained communities: A community-level analysis of anti-gay hate crime in New York City."

12787: 12183: 248:

was murdered on April 10, 1836, Bennett did innovative on-the-scene investigation and reporting and helped bring the story to national attention.

13688: 12769: 10300: 8607: 6739: 3714:

In June 2020, gun violence spiked to the highest levels seen in nearly 25 years. De Blasio responded that more officers would be on the streets:

3103:, and would eventually expand their operations into other parts of the five boroughs. By February 1980, the Guardian Angels' ranks numbered 220. 1418:

on the subway who he claimed were trying to rob him, generating weeks of headlines and many discussions about crime and vigilantism in the media.

1286:, though no one was ever arrested and charged (not least because many died first). The crime and its aftermath have been dramatized in the films 11495: 7026: 1091:

apartment after she failed to show up for the first day of classes in the new year. John Wayne Wilson, a man she had picked up at nearby bar on

627:

services. All were arrested and convicted the following summer. The killing was motivated by political divisions within the church; the ensuing

258:, drew up a proposal to create a police force of 1,200 officers. The state legislature approved the proposal on May 7, 1844, and abolished the 14826: 13529: 12675: 9938: 6119: 3478:

Dinkins also proposed to create a civilian agency to investigate police misconduct. Police officers opposition to the proposal led to a 1992

2740:

for ten weeks, and although she initially woke up from it in early February, she ultimately died from her injuries, due to complications of a

2421:

December 3, 2012 – Death of Ki-Suck Han: Han, 58, of Korean descent, was pushed onto the tracks by 30-year old Naeem Davis, an immigrant from

734:

or Sutton's associates had ordered Schuster killed. Schuster's family filed a lawsuit against the city, which led to a landmark ruling by the

13978: 11750: 10512: 10364: 7161: 7070: 4999:, landlord abandonment, a decline in city services, reduced investment, economic changes, changing demographics, and the construction of the 8133: 6911: 5279:

are consistent with other major city centers in the United States. However, crime rates remain high in the Upper Manhattan neighborhoods of

2618:

by a group of men who repeatedly slash the victim with a machete and stab him with knives. Out of fourteen individuals, all members of the

707:, seen fleeing the scene, who had likely acted on the orders of a Bonanno underboss and Fascist sympathizer Tresca had threatened to expose. 14619: 10690: 9852: 8554: 8525: 7484: 5397:. The associations started to give protection from harassment due to anti-Chinese sentiment. Each of these associations was aligned with a 3680:

In July 2007, the city planned to install an extensive web of cameras and roadblocks designed to detect, track and deter terrorists called

2270:

is killed in her apartment by 19-year old Ecuadorian migrant worker Diego Pillco, who attempted to stage her death as a suicide by hanging.

1183:

July 13, 1977 – Dominick Ciscone, a 17-year-old aspiring mobster, is shot and killed while hanging out with friends on Smith Street in the

1095:, was later arrested and charged with the murder but killed himself in jail before he could be tried. The incident inspired the 1975 novel 488:

community they were paraded past. Charges against all defendants were later dropped for lack of evidence, and the killing remains unsolved.

12841: 8779: 7000: 6930: 14979: 14883: 12414: 11859: 9761: 7541: 6956: 2434:. Prosecutors brought a murder charge against Davis, to which he pleaded not guilty. In 2017, Davis was acquitted by a jury and released. 424:

with parades through predominantly Irish Catholic neighborhoods. In the resulting police action, 63 citizens, mostly Irish, were killed.

175:

per 100,000) and to rates in much more violent cities such as St. Louis (64.4 per 100,000 residents) and New Orleans (53.3 per 100,000).

10588: 10114: 6813: 958:, was shot and killed in the early morning hours in the lobby of his girlfriend's Harlem apartment building. The crime remains unsolved. 14629: 14560: 14552: 14293: 12650: 9960: 7403: 6680: 5986: 5688: 3479: 3178: 1727: 387:

Initially intended to express anger at the draft, the protests turned into a race riot, with white rioters, mainly but not exclusively

10418: 3557:. The Brennan Centre for Justice has stated that "compstat" was the only tactic which lead clearly to subsequent reductions in crime. 1913:, the patron. Officer Paolo Colecchia was convicted of homicide, the third time that has happened to a police officer in city history. 14974: 14575: 14139: 11030: 9193: 6785: 5158: 3530:

Giuliani also directed the New York City Police Department to aggressively pursue enterprises linked to organized crime, such as the

3302:

apologized over allegations that two rabbis at the college's high school campus abused boys there in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

2501:, was shot dead by rookie NYPD officer Peter Liang during a "vertical patrol" on the staircases of Louis H. Pink housing projects in 2491: 1678:

rapes and murders 13-year-old Paola Illera in East Harlem while she is on her way home from school. Her body is later found near the

745:

was shot dead while getting a shave at a Manhattan barbershop. As with many organized-crime killings, it remains officially unsolved.

11435: 10886: 10856:"Mayors Against Illegal Guns and Moms Demand Action To Join Forces, Unite a National Movement to Protect Communities and Save Lives" 9534: 8968: 7286: 2644:. 14-year olds Luchiano Lewis and Rauchaun Weaver, along with a 13-year old whose identity was witheld, were arrested for the crime. 1055:

and Salvatore Natuarale hold up a Brooklyn bank for 14 hours, in a bid to allegedly get cash to pay for the sex-change operation of

369:. The riots remain the largest civil insurrection in American history (with 119 to 120 fatalities) aside from the Civil War itself. 14878: 14873: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14748: 14315: 12577: 11992:

https://www.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/analysis_and_planning/historical-crime-data/seven-major-felony-offenses-2000-2023.pdf

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on whose activities de Dios had reported extensively, the first time the cartel had murdered one of its opponents on American soil.

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Gardner, John N.; Barefoot, Betsy O. Ch, 10 "Lehman College of the City University of New York", pp. 219–42, in Betsy O Barefoot

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developments across the borough despite significant reductions. In more recent years there has been an increase in violent crime,

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with 21 prior arrests. Adams spoke from Jamaica Hospital after meeting Diller's wife: "It is the good guys against the bad guys".

14851: 14238: 14216: 13636: 8994: 7134: 14007:

Baumer, Eric P., and Kevin T. Wolff. "Evaluating contemporary crime drop (s) in America, New York City, and many other places."

11554: 10656: 10403: 8447: 8341: 8319: 7784: 7115: 1157:") kills one person and seriously wounds another in the first of a series of attacks that terrorized the city for the next year. 14894: 14283: 12946: 12698: 3311: 1508: 853:

in protest over the killing of a 15-year-old by a white NYPD officer. One person is killed and 100 are injured in the violence.

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where he is hit and killed by a passing car. The killing prompted several tempestuous marches through the neighborhood led by

579:

kills 38 at "the precise center, geographical as well as metaphorical, of financial America and even of the financial world."

572:

realized that the intense public fascination with the case indicated that there was a market for fictional takes on the story.

537:: Four are killed and dozens injured when dynamite, believed to have been accumulated by anarchists for an attempt to blow up 14798: 14788: 14634: 14582: 14565: 14337: 14165:

White, Michael D. "The New York City Police Department, its crime control strategies and organizational changes, 1970-2009."

14082: 14064: 14036: 13592: 13512: 13476: 13448: 13420: 13388: 13356: 13302: 13270: 13242: 13214: 13182: 13141: 13039: 13015: 12977: 12611: 12167: 12136: 12076: 10641: 10148: 7237: 6185: 5967: 5766: 5734: 5134: 2770: 2721: 2547: 2430:

too drunk to do so. His case drew controversy, especially due to a photograph that was published of Han on the tracks in the

2339: 1745:'s underground garage, killing six people and injuring over a thousand, as well as causing much damage to the basement. See: 988: 170:

have been recorded since at least the 1800s. The highest crime totals were recorded in the late 1980s and early 1990s as the

13934: 11074: 9095: 9050: 7946: 2728:

February 13, 2022 – Killing of Christina Yuna Lee: Lee, 35, of Korean descent, was stabbed to death inside her apartment at

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Levitt, Steven D.: "Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not".

6982: 5610: 5604: 3278: 3204: 2717: 1760: 12816: 12315:"Pulling Out of Fort Apache, the Bronx; New 41st Precinct Station House Leaves Behind Symbol of Community's Past Troubles" 11831: 6845: 2859:

where he subsequently died five days later. His death has been ruled a homicide. 20-year old Isaih James, a member of the

2814:

April 16, 2022 – Murder of Orsolya Gaal: Gaal, 51, a married mother of two, was found stabbed 58 times in a duffle bag in

665: 12912: 12885: 9468: 5064: 3681: 3453: 2843:

May 25, 2022 – Killing of Victor Vega: Vega, 61, was approached by two African-American men while he was walking home at

2400: 2261: 1932: 1752: 270:(NYPD). The new system divided the city into three districts and set up courts, magistrates, clerks, and station houses. 12003: 10707: 8171: 7731: 7629: 2369:, killing four people and wounding five others throughout Brooklyn and Manhattan. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. 1068:

December 1972 — The police department discloses that around 200 pounds (91 kg) of heroin, much of it seized in the

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published a study showing this trend, fearing the frequent robberies and generally bad circumstances. As a result, the

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in the 1970s, as they suggest that many would-be neglected children and criminals were never born. On the other hand,

1734:

addresses the mob, which had gathered to protest the Mayor Dinkins' proposal for a civilian commission to investigate

1645:

from a single person's actions in the city's history. González, sentenced to 25 years to life, died in prison in 2016.

1387:. On November 24, 1985, after a six-month trial, six officers were acquitted on charges stemming from Stewart's death. 14624: 14476: 14300: 9819: 9128: 8804: 7340: 6241: 6091: 5109:

to neighboring boroughs of Queens and Staten Island, in addition to suburban counties of Long Island and New Jersey.

3853: 3535: 3173: 3157: 2587:: A terrorist attack perpetrated by 29-year old Sayfullo Saipov killed eight and wounded eleven in Downtown Manhattan 2490:

November 17, 2014 – Murder of Wai Kuen Kwok – Kwok, 61, of Chinese descent, was pushed onto an incoming "D" train at

2438: 1906: 1767: 1700:

August 19, 1991 – A Jewish automobile driver accidentally kills a seven-year-old black boy, thereby touching off the

1383:

is allegedly beaten into a coma by New York Transit Police officers. Stewart died 13 days later from his injuries at

1380: 362: 13833: 11696: 11366: 9141: 6140: 244:, who helped revolutionize journalism by covering stories that appeal to the masses including crime reporting. When 14763: 14664: 14527: 13837: 11938: 11052: 9811: 9721: 8004:"Sunday's Attack Means Last 3 Victims Killed in NYC by Being Pushed into Subway Tracks Were All Asian American Men" 7976: 5586: 5238: 5016: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3096: 3052: 2796: 2792: 2664: 2595: 2569:: Navy veteran Richard Rojas drove his car on a pedestrian zone. Alyssa Elsme, a 18-year-old domestic tourist from 2325: 1468: 1415: 14068: 9168: 8581: 7707: 7686: 4893:. Since 1985, the Bronx has consistently had the highest homicide and violent crime rate among the five boroughs. 14969: 14544: 14517: 14461: 14347: 14024:

Corman, Hope, and H. Naci Mocan. "A time-series analysis of crime, deterrence, and drug abuse in New York City."

12873: 11778: 10477: 8633: 6302: 6006: 5222: 3873: 3758:

in March 2024 called into question the City's "Crime is down" narrative. The man who killed Officer Diller was a

3600: 3507: 3338: 3131: 3016: 2678:: Ma, 61, of Chinese descent, was randomly attacked by 49-year old Jarrod Powell as he was collecting cans along 2591: 2584: 1987: 1865: 1854: 1790: 1481: 1097: 846:

in February 2004 indicated that many popular conceptions of the crime were wrong. Moseley died in prison in 2016.

591: 267: 179: 11771: 10863: 10830: 10208: 9613: 7514: 6481:"A Picture History of Kew Gardens, NY – What You Think You Know About the Kitty Genovese Case Might Not Be True" 2354:

July 22, 2010 – Five members of the Jones family were killed in an apparent case of murder-suicide arson in the

1868:. Fifty-one-year-old Roland Smith, Jr., angry over the proposed eviction, set fire to Freddie's Fashion Mart on 1072:

busts a decade earlier, has been stolen from evidence lockers over a period of several months and replaced with

431:

occurred on January 13, 1874, when police violently suppressed a demonstration involving thousands of people in

14768: 14486: 14266: 14054: 13808: 13380: 8499: 5052: 3080: 2655: 2509: 2460:

during a snowstorm, the intended victim of a robbery. His burned body was found in a trash bin the next day in

2166: 1188: 1102: 14182: 11053:"Mayor Bill De Blasio Defends Policing Policies as NYPD Statistics Show Rise in Shootings, Other Major Crimes" 10544: 10473: 10051: 10019: 8390: 8152: 7052: 5229:

established Cosa Nostra in Manhattan, and formed alliances with other criminal enterprises. This included the

2781:, that also targeted homeless men. 30-year old Gerald Brevard III was arrested 3 days after the latest murder. 2720:, causing her death. Along with the killing of Yao Pan Ma, this incident was against the backdrop amid rising 14758: 14512: 14359: 14278: 14271: 13960: 13133: 12601: 8909: 8883:"Glenn Hirsch, accused of killing delivery worker Zhiwen Yan over duck sauce, dies by suicide, officials say" 8672: 7609:"Remorseless 'Mad' Maksim Gelman Gets 200 Years for Killing 4 in Brooklyn; Says 'Not My Fault This Happened'" 7567: 6866: 5569: 3928:

Under Mayor Bloomberg, Kelly's NYPD also incurred criticism for its handling of the protests surrounding the

3901: 3744: 2902: 2577: 1553: 220: 13745: 11190: 7263: 5015:

The early 1970s saw South Bronx property values continue to plummet to record lows, as the city experienced

2437:

December 27, 2012 – Murder of Sunando Sen: Sen, 46, of Indian descent, was pushed onto an incoming train at

1872:

and opened fire on the store's employees, killing seven and wounding four. Smith also perished in the blaze.

14342: 13864: 13174: 10975: 10371: 5892: 5349: 3959: 3897: 3084: 2856: 2706: 2641: 2566: 2366: 2355: 2140: 1694: 1173: 782: 773: 500: 484:

that has since become a common practice in the city. It backfired, as the men were hailed as heroes by the

13916: 11320: 11177:"Crime may be down, but Mayor Eric Adams is dealing with skyrocketing number of assaults on NYPD officers" 9722:"Stay Away from the Platform Edge, New York City Subway Chief Urges after Latest Attack in Transit System" 3864:

and speaking to community leaders. Bloomberg and Kelly, however, continued to place heavy reliance on the

3699:

was sworn in as mayor on January 1, 2014. On January 1, 2018, he was sworn in for a second term as mayor.

2944:

made headlines. The century's later decades are more famous for Mafia prosecutions (and prosecutors like

2246:

motel. Thirty-five-year-old Draymond Coleman was convicted of the crime and sentenced to 50 years in 2010.

14592: 14570: 14448: 14209: 14145:

Thale, Christopher. "The informal world of police patrol: New York city in the early twentieth century."

13206: 12662: 11945: 11725: 11142: 6326: 6177: 5618: 3944: 3670: 2299: 2293: 2278: 2151: 1402:, a 23-year-old aspiring actress, was stabbed to death in the early morning hours after returning to her 1033: 428: 14160: 11271: 10764: 9879: 8473: 7313: 7165: 6665: 6502: 5205:

As Italian immigration grew in the early 20th century, many joined ethnic gangs. A prominent example is

4995:, became noteworthy as a high-crime area in the later part of the 20th century. Beginning in the 1960s, 2755:

in a span of two hours in the evening, before he was arrested the next day and charges with hate crimes.

14909: 14901: 14780: 14731: 14322: 13560: 13074: 12791: 11385: 11121: 10454: 9225: 8935: 7437:"Suspect in 2005 Brooklyn Beheading Claims Innocence by Yelling 'I Can't Even Dissect a Frog' in Court" 6403: 5358: 3893: 3888: 3883:

Under Bloomberg, Commissioner Kelly also revamped New York City's Police Department into a world-class

3755: 3726:, up 134% over the previous year. August saw shootings more than double compared to the previous year. 3426: 2924: 2044: 1746: 1507:, attacks three black men whose car had broken down in the largely white neighborhood. One of the men, 1448: 534: 468:. After the NYPD arrested several members of the family tied to a local counterfeiting ring. Inspector 259: 13692: 13290:

The Lower East Side Remembered and Revisited: A History and Guide to a Legendary New York Neighborhood

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to determining if they are in any way connected to the security of New York. In the cases of both the

2828:

May 11, 2022 – Death of Zinat Hossain: Hossain, 24, was killed when she was pushed under the train at

2795:: The accused Frank Robert James, a black nationalist, opened fire and shot 10 people on a northbound 1467:

is assaulted while walking along Park Avenue by two men, one of whom Rather reported kept asking him "

14821: 14669: 14481: 14405: 14379: 14259: 14113:

Mills, Colleen E. "A common target: anti-Jewish hate crime in New York City communities, 1995-2010."

13412: 13294: 13007: 12439: 10737: 5683: 5678: 3088: 2480: 2314: 2193: 2170: 2002: 1184: 992: 735: 620: 346: 340: 241: 200: 14396: 14049:

Greene, Judith A. "Zero tolerance: A case study of police policies and practices in New York City."

1172:. Torsney is found not guilty by reason of insanity the following year and is released from Queens' 738:

that the government has a duty to protect anyone who cooperates with the police when asked to do so.

14898: 14868: 14813: 14753: 14679: 14656: 14491: 14327: 14310: 14254: 12842:"Talking to the Feds: The Chief of the FBI's Organized Crime Unit on the History of La Cosa Nostra" 9466: 7811: 6229: 6116: 5592: 5553: 5146:

and racial tensions in the United States of the era, aggravated by high unemployment among blacks,

5059:. During the 1970s, the NYPD's 41st Precinct Station House at 1086 Simpson Street became known as " 3443: 3373: 3269:

Two cases in 2011 – those of Bob Oliva and Ernie Lorch – have both centered in highly ranked youth

2683: 2555: 2540: 2449: 2101: 1953: 1869: 1581: 1207: 376:

was forced to divert several regiments of militia and volunteer troops from following up after the

13982: 12520:"South Bronx Is Poorest District in Nation, U.S. Census Bureau Finds: 38% Live Below Poverty Line" 12465: 10519: 10375: 10087: 10050:. The Council of the City of New York Office of Communications. September 28, 2006. Archived from 5401:. The associations were a source of assistance to new immigrants, doing things such as giving out 3486:

addressed the crowd of officers who damaged cars, chanted racial slurs, and attacked journalists.

2376:

was found dismembered in two locations in Brooklyn after he was murdered by 35-year old Levi Aron.

530:

by former city employee James Gallagher. He eventually dies in September 1913 from a heart attack.

14709: 14704: 12415:"The Bronx Has the Highest Crime Rate in NYC. What Do Locals Want the Next Mayor To Do About It?" 11836: 11805: 11371: 11102: 10891: 10331: 9563: 9500: 7924: 7100: 6660: 6062: 5897: 5812: 5390: 5313: 3909: 3877: 3740: 3165: 2520: 2502: 2411: 2392: 2384: 2373: 2303: 1884: 1573: 1426: 1165: 1022: 461: 307:

of her alleged killer, Richard P. Robinson, generated an unprecedented amount of media coverage.

10686: 8634:"New York City man who fatally struck Chinese woman with a rock sentenced to 20 years in prison" 14948: 14726: 14456: 14332: 14305: 14202: 12851: 12846: 12824: 12388: 11657: 9495: 8225:

The attack occurred in a wave of racially motivated attacks against Asian Americans nationwide.

7004: 6735: 6431: 5432: 5210: 5175: 5150: 5122: 5060: 5000: 3554: 3274: 3212: 3208: 3199:

officer 24/7. This was discontinued in 1990 due to low ridership and malfunctioning equipment.

3036: 3028: 2871: 2863:

gang, was arrested in August 2023 for a robbery and identified as a perpetrator in the killing.

2745: 2713: 2633: 2498: 2457: 2414:, aged 6 and 2, were stabbed to death by their babysitter, 50-year oldYoselyn Ortega, in their 2380: 2238:, an 18-year-old student from New Jersey is abducted and killed after a night of drinking at a 2131: 1943:, killing one and wounding six before taking his own life. In 2007, Kamal's daughter told the 1657: 1590: 1493: 1486: 1399: 1283: 999:

they were building accidentally explodes in the basement of a townhouse on 18 West 11th Street.

925: 396: 358: 228: 13466: 13374: 13260: 13232: 13168: 13127: 12283: 10018:. The Council of the City of New York Office of Communications. August 8, 2006. Archived from 7464: 6233: 2505:. Liang was convicted of manslaughter in February 2016; he is currently appealing the verdict. 14714: 14684: 14602: 14597: 14466: 14352: 13406: 13346: 13288: 13200: 13095: 13001: 12967: 12300: 12217: 12031: 10435: 10272: 9788: 9692:"Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg testifies before the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Board" 7662: 7553: 5959: 5500: 5494: 5378: 5097: 5045: 5008: 3968: 3619:, who had previously served under Dinkins and criticized aggressive policing under Giuliani. 3542:). By breaking mob control of solid waste removal, the city was able to save businesses over 3183: 3071: 3009: 2832:

by robbers who were trying to steal her bag. Hossain was a Bangladeshi student that attended

2804: 2741: 2675: 2404: 2273:

November 25, 2006 – Four NYPD officers fire a combined 50 shots at a group of unarmed men in

2159: 1940: 1910: 1756: 1716: 1653: 1599: 1430: 1369: 1266: 1007: 884: 405: 255: 187: 159: 13438: 12646: 11966: 11238: 10949: 10172:"Crime Dropped under Stop-and-Frisk, Which Is Worth Remembering in the Rush to Criticize It" 8780:"45-year-old Yan Zhiwen shot to death delivering food on scooter in Forest Hills, Queens. w" 7588: 7413: 7080: 6708: 6221: 2445:

attack by 33-year-old Erika Menendez. In 2015, Menendez was sentenced to 24 years in prison.

14936: 14888: 14607: 14587: 14374: 12230: 11414: 10921: 10241: 6054:

The Draft Riots in New York, July 1863: The Metropolitan Police, Their Services During Riot

5708: 5656: 5628: 5548:

philosophy or organizational management tool for police departments, roughly equivalent to

5516: 5370: 5225:

during the late 19th century, following waves of Sicilian and Southern Italian emigration.

4850: 3591:. In a case less nationally publicized than those of Louima and Diallo, unarmed bar patron 3539: 3060: 3001: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2800: 2785: 2626: 2468: 2461: 2426: 2097: 2005:

is shot and killed by four plainclothes police officers, sparking massive protests against

1686: 1504: 1437: 1358: 1006:

officers, Waverly Jones and Joseph Piagentini, are gunned down in ambush by members of the

907:

perpetrated by some of the same criminals, including Hill. Both are dramatized in the 1990

809: 731: 704: 669: 666:

a bomb detonated as they were carrying it out of the World's Fair from the British Pavilion

515: 453: 432: 377: 13617:"Tales of Two Precincts – One Better, One Worse; the 34Th: Murders Surge as Crack Spreads" 13170:

Holding Up More Than Half the Sky: Chinese Women Garment Workers in New York City, 1948–92

9987: 9123:: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. William Morrow/HarperCollins. 9096:"Suspect in custody in connection with 5 unprovoked stabbings in Queens, New York: Source" 8342:"Gang member arrested in Columbia student Davide Giri's fatal stabbing, attack on tourist" 5856:

Barton, Michael S. (September 2014). "Gentrification and Violent Crime in New York City".

3688:

Homicides continued to decline, with the city reporting 414 in 2012 and only 333 in 2013.

1924:

person who advocated for homeless LGBT youth, was found shot dead on a Harlem street. The

8: 13714: 13534: 12524: 12492:"Report Finds the Bronx was the Coldest Borough with Several Heat Complaints This Winter" 12440:"Epi Data Brief: Unintentional Drug Poisoning (Overdose) Deaths in New York City in 2020" 11916: 11662: 10896: 9837: 9793: 9453: 9438: 9423: 9408: 9393: 9378: 9350: 8056: 7613: 7441: 7379: 6301:

A large quantity of dynamite, which the police and certain friends of the leaders of the

6171: 6033:

Froth and Scum: Truth, Beauty, Goodness, and the Ax Murder in America's First Mass Medium

5452: 5191: 3442:

argue that the drop in crime in New York City, as in the United States generally, to the

3439: 3225: 2702: 2695: 2691: 2090: 1971:

is beaten and sodomized with a plunger at the 70th precinct house in Brooklyn by several

1945: 1701: 1224: 955: 829: 654: 639: 609: 576: 561: 552: 542: 538: 527: 421: 380:

to control the city. The rioters were overwhelmingly working-class men, primarily ethnic

266:, the police force reorganized and officially established itself on May 13, 1845, as the 124: 14129:

Rogues' Gallery: The Birth of Modern Policing and Organized Crime in Gilded Age New York

12573: 10995: 10568: 8969:"Subway shooting suspect Andrew Abdullah in custody, wanted for killing Daniel Enriquez" 7515:"New York Man Sentenced to 50 Years in Prison for Strangling Teen to Death in Weehawken" 6258: 6052: 4815: 3789:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2078:

is shot and killed by an NYPD officer in a case of mistaken identity during a drug bust.

943:, killing a 24-year-old woman and an 80-year-old man before being gunned down by police. 14614: 14384: 14100: 13621: 13336: 13044: 12725: 12632: 12319: 12235: 12188: 11419: 11390: 11262:"Graham Rayman's 'NYPD Tapes' Series Wins Gold Keyboard, NY Press Club's Highest Award" 11147: 11126: 10954: 10790: 10459: 10440: 10340: 10305: 10277: 10119: 9857: 9673: 9591: 9239:"Transit Police: Subway Crime More Likely During Daytime, Manhattan Has Most Incidents" 9202: 8702:"5 shot after 'cold-blooded killer' targeted homeless men in Washington, New York City" 8677: 7868: 7736: 7712: 7691: 7634: 7593: 7572: 7469: 7291: 7211: 7139: 6850: 6822: 6744: 6713: 6685: 6607: 6579: 6510: 6488: 6436: 6408: 6353: 6287: 5873: 5813:"New York City ranks safest among big US cities for gun violence, new research reveals" 5755: 5101: 3933: 3531: 3299: 3289: 3231: 2991: 2852: 2668: 2559: 2551: 2513: 2484: 2239: 2227: 2216: 2197: 2155: 2105: 1936: 1876: 1344: 1278: 1196: 1177: 1117: 1080:, serving 455 years in federal prison, intimated that he knew who had stolen the drugs. 1036:: Two NYPD officers responded to an apparent call for assistance from a detective at a 900: 842: 584: 523: 496: 473: 469: 366: 79: 14136:

Crimes against children: Sexual violence and legal culture in New York City, 1880-1960

14012: 13640: 11461:"The Bratton Resignation: Behind the Scenes; Squabbling Behind the Amicable Departure" 10673: 6022:

City of Eros: New York City, Prostitution, and the Commercialization of Sex, 1790–1920

3099:

train during the night time, in an effort to discourage crime. They were known as the

672:

and draw the U.S. into World War II, which was not going well for Britain at the time.

14639: 14471: 14078: 13588: 13508: 13472: 13444: 13416: 13384: 13352: 13298: 13266: 13238: 13210: 13178: 13137: 13101: 13011: 12973: 12628:"Gang Wars Upset Area in Brooklyn; Bedford – Stuyvesant Tense Following Two Slayings" 12607: 12552: 12496: 12163: 12132: 12082: 12072: 11266: 11213: 10653: 10637: 10399: 10336:"Race for City Hall: The Republican Candidate; A Mercurial Mayor's Confident Journey" 9815: 9766: 9740: 9124: 8943: 8652: 8179: 7918:

O'Brien, Rebecca Davis; Saul, Michael Howard; Shallwani, Pervaiz (December 4, 2014).

7408: 7348: 7119: 7075: 6358: 6237: 6222: 6181: 6087: 5963: 5948: 5877: 5762: 5730: 5477: 3884: 3751:"only about 8% of the arrest population for assault actually does any kind of jail". 3707:

may have also had an impact, a view that was supported by former police commissioner

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February 12–13, 2021 – Four strangers were stabbed within a 14-hour window along the

2611: 2570: 2532: 2348: 2307: 2075: 2021: 1925: 1817: 1735: 1690: 1568: 1384: 1340: 1202: 1143: 1092: 1069: 1061: 974: 966: 857: 756: 715: 635: 602: 598: 565: 357:

that were the culmination of working-class discontention with new laws passed by the

263: 12694: 8754:"Handyman Arrested in Case of NYC Mom Found Stabbed 58 Times in Duffel Bag: Sources" 8391:"Times Square subway victim Michelle Alyssa Go remembered as a 'compassionate soul'" 3649: 793:, who after being spared the death penalty would become one of America's best-known 548:, goes off prematurely in a seven-story apartment building at 1626 Lexington Avenue. 14042:

Ginsberg, Stephen F. "The Police and Fire Protection in New York City: 1800-1850."

13804: 12257: 12067: 9665: 9197: 8910:"Bangladeshi student pushed to her death in front of oncoming New York City subway" 7027:""Baby Hope" Cousin Sexually Assaulted, Smothered Her, NYPD Says in 1991 Cold Case" 6766: 5865: 5473: 5440: 5420: 5329: 5195: 4991:

With some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, the Bronx, specifically the

3964: 3872:

Bloomberg and Kelly continued and indeed stepped up Mayor Giuliani's controversial

3739:

attributed it to an "erosion of expectation of authority". Police officials blamed

3708: 3616: 3503: 3483: 3410: 3358: 3296: 3039:

to their wives, some of whom Epstein charged up to $ 100,000 to commit the crimes.

3020: 2933: 2906: 2844: 2778: 2286: 2282: 2204: 2082: 2010: 2006: 1986:, age 32, is killed after being pushed in front of an oncoming subway train at the 1842: 1731: 1705: 1661: 1160:

November 25, 1976 – NYPD officer Robert Torsney fatally shoots unarmed 15-year-old

865: 837: 817: 794: 742: 687: 650: 594: 485: 13773: 13408:

God in Chinatown: Religion and Survival in New York's Evolving Immigrant Community

13332:"Neighborhood Report: Chinatown; Latest Wave of Immigrants Is Splitting Chinatown" 13129:

Selling the Lower East Side: Culture, Real Estate, and Resistance in New York City

12695:"Police Fraternity and the Politics of Race and Class in New York City, 1941–1960" 11295:"The Gentleman Commissioner: Why NYDP Controversies Never Seem to Touch Ray Kelly" 11067:"De Blasio Denies That the NYPD Fudges Crime Stats; The Truth Is More Complicated" 7658:"Bronx Superintendent Suspected of Murder Gets 4 Years in Prison for Beating Wife" 7287:"Killed on Sept. 11, 2001, But Destined to Be Mourned Only Quietly, Only by a Few" 3376:. One article discussed the dangers of police work and undercover investigations. 1496:

opens fire on NYPD officers attempting to arrest him in his sister's apartment in

664:

July 4, 1940 – Two police detectives are killed, and other officers injured, when

14689: 14189: 13979:"Bill de Blasio For New York: Rising Together – Safe Streets, Safe Neighborhoods" 13502: 12898: 12881: 12820: 12773: 12702: 12680: 12654: 12581: 12153: 12122: 11970: 10982: 10694: 10660: 10576: 10552: 10407: 9719: 7549: 7519: 7232: 6558: 6538: 6123: 6083: 6014: 5999: 5565: 5464: 5413: 5394: 5304: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5261: 5257: 5199: 5187: 5183: 4819:

Number of murders in New York City per year from 1928 to 2023, based on the table

3955: 3811: 3580: 3562: 3515: 3362: 3144: 3120: 3112: 3100: 2848: 2759: 2729: 2637: 2415: 2274: 2267: 2185: 2181: 2112: 1995: 1905:

July 4, 1996 – A confrontation between a police officer and subway patron at the

1782: 1557: 1441: 1403: 1391: 1303: 1257: 1230: 1150: 1128: 1113: 1088: 1045: 970: 951: 908: 904: 869: 813: 790: 727: 700: 691: 646: 373: 236: 216: 14061:

Gotham unbound: How New York city was liberated from the grip of organized crime

12913:"'No Neighborhood Is Safe,' Crime Up in Nearly Every NYC Precinct: Latest Stats" 10607:"Zero Tolerance: A Case Study of Police Policies and Practices in New York City" 10171: 8500:"NYC stabbing victim Christina Yuna Lee remembered as 'sweet' creative producer" 7116:"Family of Slain Ukrainian-Jewish Deli Owner Appeals for Information (03/01/98)" 6282:"Exploded in Apartment Occupied by Tarrytown Disturbers. Only One Escaped Alive" 3579:

civil rights abuses were leveled against the NYPD. Giuliani's own deputy mayor,

2701:

December 3, 2021 – Killing of Davide Giri: Giri, 30, was an Italian academic at

1545:

are arrested for the beating and neglect of their six-year-old adopted daughter

812:: Emily Hoffert and Janet Wylie, two young professionals, are murdered in their 14106:

Miller, Wilbur R. "Police authority in London and New York city 1830–1870." in

12947:"DA Alvin Bragg's Harlem Neighbors Say They're Terrified of Local Recent Crime" 12812: 12586: 12276:

Achieving and Sustaining Institutional Excellence for the First Year of College

11243: 11206:"New York Police Commissioner and Predecessor Spar Over Accuracy of Crime Data" 10246: 8857:"Diner Pleads Not Guilty to Killing NYC Delivery Worker Over Condiment Dispute" 7920:"New York City Police Officer Won't Face Criminal Charges in Eric Garner Death" 7435:

Parascandola, Rocco; Carrega, Christina; Shapiro, Richard (February 22, 2017).

7179: 6349:"Police Die in Blast – Timed Device Explodes After It Is Taken Out of Pavilion" 5988:

The Mystery of Helen Jewett: Romantic Fiction and the Eroticization of Violence

5786: 5468: 5056: 3844: 3836:

policies implemented within the Department. Brown resigned in September 1992.

3704: 3696: 3519: 3402: 3398: 3349:

Examine zoning laws to help neighborhoods that are flooded with clubs and bars.

3196: 3024: 2997: 2833: 2615: 2603: 2453: 2344: 2235: 2212: 2135: 2116: 1983: 1899: 1883:

is shot and killed during a robbery. The murder of this popular deli owner and

1864:

over the eviction of a black record-store owner by a Jewish proprietor ends in

1846: 1786: 1709: 1637: 1630: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1411: 1307: 1274: 1161: 1056: 1052: 918: 892: 877: 825: 802: 676: 658: 587:

had been indicted just days before) but no one was ever charged with the crime.

556: 492: 465: 457: 196: 171: 134: 11555:"Fewest Annual Murders and Shooting Incidents Ever Recorded in the Modern Era" 10605: 10076:

Joshua Rhett Miller (August 9, 2006). "City's Club Crackdown". Metro New York.

9833:"Yeshiva University President Apologizes for '70s and '80s Molest Allegations" 9559: 9467:

Citizens Crime Commission of New York City; Regional Plan Association (1986).

7375:"Mother of Slain Girl Wins OK to Sue Police for Bias in Lack of Investigation" 3091:

was known to be frequented by muggers, so in February 1979, a group headed by

1774:, a Lebanese-born Arab immigrant, opens fire on a van carrying members of the 1611:, a 16-year-old black student, is set upon and murdered by a white mob in the 14963: 14831: 14743: 14437: 14225: 13105: 12951: 12931: 12548:"The Poorest Congressional District in America? Right Here, in New York City" 12369: 12347: 12213: 12100: 11967:"NYPD statistics show murders, shootings down in 2023; optimistic about 2024" 11217: 10926: 10715: 10237: 9331: 8947: 8727:"Suspect in MoMA stabbing charged with attempted murder, assault in New York" 8555:"Asian woman, 62, attacked with rock in New York dies after 10 weeks in coma" 8205:"61-year-old Asian man head-stomped in brutal NYC attack dies 8 months later" 8183: 7981: 7896: 7708:"Yoselyn Ortega, Nanny Who Killed 2 Children, Is Sentenced to Life in Prison" 7465:"Stepfather Is Convicted of Manslaughter in Beating Death of 7-Year-Old Girl" 7352: 6790: 6362: 6103: 5869: 5623: 5573: 5341: 5226: 5105: 5040: 5032: 5028: 4878: 3940: 3807: 3666: 3633:

for his efforts to reduce crime rates in the city. The prize went instead to

3608: 3596: 3588: 3435: 3406: 3215: 3005: 2987: 2986:

arrived in the city in the 1980s, but gained notoriety when they appeared on

2949: 2945: 2941: 2898: 2894: 2808: 2751:

March 1, 2022 - Steven Zajonc, 28, physically assaulted seven Asian women in

2431: 2359: 2147: 2032: 1991: 1685:

July 23, 1991 – The body of a four-year-old girl is found in a cooler on the

1608: 1561: 1527: 1523: 1373: 1311: 1292: 1250: 1246: 1084: 1077: 962: 723: 624: 354: 293: 114: 89: 25:

in Brooklyn was once one of the most dangerous neighborhoods in New York City

14033:

The origin of organized crime in America: The New York city mafia, 1891–1931

12927:"Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg Admits His Own Harlem Neighborhood Is in 'Crisis'" 8582:"NYC grandmother dies months after being struck in head with rock in Queens" 8273:"Hate Crime Murder Charges in Brutal Death of Asian Man Head Stomped in NYC" 8170:

Southall, Ashley; Sandoval, Edgar; Goldbaum, Christina (February 24, 2021).

8134:"Man charged with murder of 4 homeless men beaten to death in New York City" 4983: 1928:

was established in his memory. No suspects have ever been named in the case.

14914: 14150: 14075:

New York Murder Mystery: The True Story Behind the Crime Crash of the 1990s

13750: 10327: 10153: 9120: 8526:"Man Allegedly Bashed 61-Year-Old Asian Woman with a Rock in Random Attack" 8057:"Chinx murder: Suspect pleads guilty to Queens drive-by shooting of rapper" 7030: 6206: 6025: 5757:

New York Murder Mystery: The True Story Behind the Crime Crash of the 1990s

5333: 5242: 5234: 5154: 5077: 5073: 5068: 5020: 4996: 3857: 3748: 3674: 3584: 3511: 3285: 3219: 3092: 2960: 2937: 2889: 2679: 2422: 2388: 2220: 2174: 2066: 1976: 1968: 1961: 1891: 1880: 1850: 1845:, was shot and killed by the occupants of a vehicle passing his minivan in 1835: 1805: 1789:

later dies of his wounds. Baz was apparently acting out of revenge for the

1641: 1585: 1512: 1472: 1452: 1422: 1372:

was raped and killed by security guard and serial rapist Joey Sanza in The

1325:

apartment to walk to his school bus alone. Despite a massive search by the

1215: 1211: 1106: 947: 940: 768: 683: 616: 569: 477: 417: 392: 388: 381: 296: 289: 284: 251: 245: 224: 12086: 8673:"Man Charged With Hate Crimes After 7 Asian Women Are Attacked in 2 Hours" 6458: 5419:

Similarly, crime in Chinatown increased due to the poor relations between

3172:

On January 20, 1982, MTA Chairman Richard Ravitch told the business group

2594:: 15-year-old Lesandro "Junior" Guzman-Feliz was killed by members of the 12279: 12062: 11257: 9145: 8031:"Former NYPD Cop Peter Liang's Guilty Verdict Leaves a Community Divided" 7056: 6148: 5504: 5436: 5431:

During the mid-to-late 1980s, Chinatown began to experience an influx of

5398: 5374: 5353: 5280: 5237:, who was the leading Jewish gangster of that period. From 1920 to 1933, 4992: 3914: 3722:

Unlike the crime increases from earlier months, June also saw a spike in

3448: 3192: 2983: 2763: 2687: 2028: 1957: 1921: 1720: 1649: 1612: 1595: 1516: 1354: 1242: 1238: 778: 511: 507: 400: 322: 316: 8320:"Who was Davide Giri, the Columbia grad student fatally stabbed in NYC?" 5312:, a large neighborhood within the northern section of the New York City 5178:

neighborhood. By the 1820s, the area was home to many gambling dens and

5080:

personally visited Charlotte Street in 1977, he ordered the head of the

2690:. Ma suffered serious injuries, that eventually caused his death from a 2487:. A grand jury declined to indict Daniel Pantaleo, the officer involved. 2061: 634:

March 19, 1935 – The arrest of a shoplifter inflames racial tensions in

14863: 14858: 13663:"NYPD Stop And Frisks: 15 Shocking Facts About A Controversial Program" 12159: 12128: 11143:"A Violent August in N.Y.C.: Shootings Double, and Murder Is Up by 50%" 10674:"Crime Pays: City Council Reviews Curious Federal Grant to Fight Crime" 9677: 9301:"MTA Proposes To Ban Those Who Commit Subway Crimes From Riding System" 8608:"NYC Grandma Dies Months After Vicious Attack Despite Waking From Coma" 8365:"Michelle Go Case: Homeless man charged in Times Square subway killing" 8153:"Homeless Man Arrested in Subway Stabbings That Left 2 Dead, 2 Wounded" 6173:

In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863

5670: 5545: 5520: 5507:

theory of the norm-setting and signalling effect of urban disorder and

5448: 5386: 5230: 3735: 3422: 3346:

Develop a public-awareness campaign urging patrons to be safe at night.

3270: 3047: 2777:, killing one. The same man is suspected in three earlier shootings in 2619: 2599: 2442: 2086: 1917: 1771: 1668: 1531: 1489:

had expired) following his own conviction for killing an NBC stagehand.

1464: 1362: 1298: 1270: 1154: 1073: 913: 896: 888: 764: 11415:"Inmate Plotted to Kill Police Leader and Plant a Bomb, Officials Say" 9720:

Vera, Amir; Westhoff, Kiley; Moshtaghian, Artemis (January 24, 2022).

9617: 9025:"Chilling video shows knockout punch that killed man, 61, in Brooklyn" 6656:"Ex-Militants Charged in S.F. Police Officer's '71 Slaying at Station" 6224:

The Orange Riots: Irish Political Violence in New York City, 1870–1871

6141:"Maj. Gen. John E. Wool Official Reports for the New York Draft Riots" 3570: 3343:

Raise age limit for admittance into a club or bar from 16 to 18 or 21.

3027:

and Martin Wolmark kidnapped and tortured a number of Jewish men from

2709:

by 25-year old Vincent Pinkney, a member of the Everybody Killer gang.

1444:

is shot dead in a gangland execution on East 46th Street in Manhattan.

623:

in America, is stabbed to death by several armed men while performing

18: 14736: 14425: 14413: 13865:"Stop And Frisk: How Controversial NYPD Practice Affects Real People" 13841: 12004:"Homicide Rate by Borough – NYC – Mayor's Office of Criminal Justice" 11912:"NYC Homicide and Shooting Surge Continued in Pandemic-Stricken 2021" 11098:"Ray Kelly: People Will 'Suffer' After Stop-and-Frisk Appeal Dropped" 10711: 10589:"Rudy Giuliani: Master of Disaster – Newsweek: International Edition" 9937:. WorldNow eyewitness News WPRI.com. October 18, 2007. Archived from 9475:. New York, NY, USA: Downtown Research & Development. p. 148 7732:"Man Who Pushed Passenger to His Death on Subway Tracks Is Acquitted" 5955: 5927: 5837: 5568:

improvement, and personnel and resource management. CompStat employs

5549: 5524: 5508: 5444: 5317: 5253: 5206: 5143: 5024: 4890: 4886: 3574:

National, New York City, and other major city crime rates (1990–2002)

3514:, adopted an aggressive enforcement and deterrence strategy based on 2774: 2752: 2607: 2472: 2351:

was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment on terrorism charges.

2253: 2243: 2215:

dies after being beaten by her stepfather, Cesar Rodriguez, in their

1909:

station on the D train in the Bronx results in the shooting death of

1895: 1798: 1775: 1679: 1675: 1497: 1318: 1261: 1146:, killing 11 and injuring 74. The perpetrators were never identified. 1138:

December 29, 1975 – A bomb explodes in the baggage claim area of the

1026: 1018: 996: 861: 798: 711: 695: 580: 481: 304: 10569:"Giuliani, New York Police under Fire after Shooting of Unarmed Man" 10013:"Council Speaker Announces 3-Point Plan to Improve Nightclub Safety" 9669: 7341:"2 Men Are Convicted in 2002 Killing of Run-DMC D.J. Jam Master Jay" 5664: 3852:

On October 16, 1992, David Dinkins appointed Raymond Kelly the 37th

2629:. A 24-year-old Randy Rodriguez Santos, also homeless, was arrested. 1447:

August 26, 1986 – 18-year-old student Jennifer Levin is murdered by

1210:, an acquaintance of Verrill's, and confessed, he was identified as 14419: 13778: 13746:"Scrutiny mounts as NYPD 'stop-and-frisk' searches hit record high" 12752: 11324: 10175: 8298:"Davide Giri, ricercatore italiano, ucciso a coltellate a New York" 8137: 7788: 5541: 5536: 5345: 5256:. Most serious violent crime has been historically concentrated in 5249: 5147: 4882: 3972: 3865: 3806:

Two of the most influential police commissioners of New York City,

3623: 3550: 1616: 1598:

leading the first protest march over the death of Yusuf Hawkins in

1460: 1169: 936: 932: 183: 104: 49: 22: 11799:

Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Calvert, Scott; Gay, Mara (January 4, 2017).

11122:"Gun Violence Spikes in N.Y.C., Intensifying Debate Over Policing" 10481: 9654:"Declining Crime Rates: Insiders' View of the New York City Story" 8422:"Anti-Asian hate crimes rose 73% last year, updated FBI data says" 7838:"New York Woman Gets 24 Years in Jail for Shoving Indian to Death" 7785:"Naeem Davis Pleads Not Guilty to Murder in NYC Subway Push Death" 6886:"'It Could Have Been Me': The 1983 Death Of A NYC Graffiti Artist" 5344:. The leading cause of death among young black males in Harlem is 3971:

into practice. He had success in this position and introduced the

3425:

that causes cognitive and behavioral problems) from gasoline. The

1112:

April 28, 1973 — Clifford Glover, a 10-year-old black resident of

13504:

Born to Kill: The Rise and Fall of America's Bloodiest Asian Gang

11338:"NYPD Spying on Muslim Communities with Help of CIA, Report Says" 10999: 10273:"Another Look at the Dinkins Administration, and Not by Giuliani" 8082:"Man who killed New York City jogger sentenced to life in prison" 7488: 6786:"The Mystery Behind the Only Murder During the 1977 NYC Blackout" 5557: 5340:

are responsible for a significant portion of crime, particularly

5325: 5179: 5130: 3759: 3723: 3107: 2964: 2930: 2811:. While no one was killed, a few were left with serious injuries. 2383:, 35, disappears after reportedly arguing with Nasean Bonie, her 2321: 2124: 2120: 2047:. Her two assailants are sentenced to 25 years to life in prison. 1778: 1741:

February 26, 1993 – A bomb planted by terrorists explodes in the

679:

plants the first bomb of his 16-year campaign of public bombings.

408:

at 44th Street and Fifth Avenue, which was burned to the ground.

69: 14194: 13557:"Seven 'Born to Kill' Members Convicted of Murder, Racketeering" 12184:"3 Accused of Setting Fire to 19 Buildings to Collect Insurance" 11658:"What Would It Take to Get New York City's Murder Rate to Zero?" 10301:"As Police Force Adds to Ranks, Some Promises Still Unfulfilled" 10045:"Speaker Quinn to Lead Summit on Strengthening Nightlife Safety" 9363:"65 cent fare considered in talks on coping with subway crime". 8752:

Miller, Myles; Santia, Marc; Dienst, Jonathan (April 21, 2022).

7760:"What Really Disturbs Us About the N.Y. Post Subway Death Cover" 7687:"Eleven People Shot, Two Fatally, Outside Empire State Building" 7630:"Missing Boy's Dismembered Body Found; Suspect Says He Panicked" 5480:

continue to be a major quality of life issues in the community.

3494: 3464: 939:, 42-year-old Angel Angelof, opens fire from a lavatory roof in 219:

has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the

14431: 13961:"Lame Duck Litigation and the City of New York's "Double Game"" 11691: 9469:"Downtown Safety Security and Economic Development (Paperback)" 9077:"Man charged with murder in 61-year-old man's 2022 death: NYPD" 8805:"Food delivery worker shot to death while on scooter in Queens" 8474:"Woman Followed and Fatally Stabbed in Her Chinatown Apartment" 6922: 5424: 5409: 5309: 5284: 5218: 4874: 3887:

operation, operating in conjunction with the CIA. Prior to the

3405:

hit New York City, and peaked in 1990, the first year of Mayor

3337:

Foster better relationship among club owners, the NYPD and the

3258: 2971: 2860: 2476: 2036: 1861: 1794: 1351: 1041: 1037: 1011: 850: 833: 760: 628: 545: 300: 13066: 11939:"Compstat Report Covering the Week 1/9/2023 through 1/15/2023" 11191:"Mayor Eric Adams Grapples With Two Shocking Acts of Violence" 10455:"Review of 'Turnaround' by William Bratton with Peter Knobler" 9270:"More Transit Police Officers Combat Increase in Subway Crime" 8995:"Suspect under arrest in deadly New York City subway shooting" 5428:

resentment against Fuzhou immigrants arriving into Chinatown.

3397:

Crime in New York City was high in the 1980s during the Mayor

722:

March 8, 1952 – A month after helping police find bank robber

9961:"NYC clubs agree with police: Even celebs should be screened" 9935:"NYC clubs agree with police: Even celebs should be screened" 6767:"LaGuardia Christmas Bombing Remains Unsolved 27 Years Later" 6740:"A Police Shot to a Boy's Back in Queens, Echoing Since 1973" 6203:

Street Justice: A History of Police Violence in New York City

5561: 5512: 5321: 5288: 5248:

The borough experienced a sharp increase in crime during the

5039:

nationwide. The phrase "The Bronx is burning", attributed to

3743:

efforts in general for failing to deter attacks on cops with

3549:

In 1994, in one of his first initiatives, Bratton instituted

2979: 2975: 2528: 2226:

February 25, 2006 – 24-year old criminology graduate student

2040: 2017: 1841:

November 30, 1995 – Rapper Randy Walker, 27, better known as

1809: 1329:

the boy is never found and was declared legally dead in 2001.

503:. The murder would soon be dubbed "The Crime of the Century". 14157:

Greater Gotham: A History of New York City from 1898 to 1919

11163:"Adams blames stretch of transit crimes on repeat offenders" 7628:

Baker, Al; Robbins, Liz; Goldstein, Joseph (July 13, 2011).

5591:

Law enforcement in New York City is carried out by numerous

5385:

associations, landsman's associations, political alliances (

5209:, who got his start in crime with the Five Points Gang. The 3827: 3331:

Find ways to get more cops to patrol outside clubs and bars.

2403:

before being shot and killed by police officers outside the

2115:

recording studio and shot Jason Mizell, 37, better known as

2043:, is stabbed to death in a botched robbery near her home in 1964:, is robbed and murdered by his former student Corey Arthur. 1584:

Trisha Meili is violently raped and beaten while jogging in

1187:

neighborhood of Brooklyn, the only homicide to occur during

781:, which formed the basis for the influential, Oscar-winning 13868: 11863: 11436:"New York City Murder Rate on Pace to Drop to 1950s Levels" 9220: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9212: 8936:"Man Fatally Shot on Manhattan Subway in Unprovoked Attack" 7428: 7096:"Page One – 8 Killed in Harlem – Arson / Gunman Among Dead" 5402: 5382: 5337: 5171: 5126: 2956: 2737: 2248: 2016:

February 15, 1999 – Rapper Lamont Coleman, better known as

1972: 1813: 1671:

is arrested and jailed. Other associates are also arrested.

1522:

July 9, 1987 – 12-year-old Jennifer Schweiger, a girl with

1326: 1322: 1003: 597:, 46, an avid gambler best remembered for his alleged role 350: 59: 12026: 12024: 11801:"New York City Major Crimes Fall to Lowest Recorded Level" 11687:"New York City Maintains Its Violent New Year's Tradition" 11352: 11350: 10950:"Fewer Killings in 2007, But Still Felt in City's Streets" 10885:

Bloomberg, Michael R.; Menino, Thomas M. (June 30, 2008).

10419:"Finally, We're Winning The War Against Crime. Here's Why" 10242:"Giuliani's Legacy: Taking Credit for Things He Didn't Do" 9873:"NYPD and Nightlife Association Announce 'Best Practices'" 7812:"Indian Shoved to Death at NYC Subway, Suspect in Custody" 7434: 6603:"Man Who Killed 2 Officers in '71 Is Released From Prison" 6503:"$ 420,000 Is Missing From Locked Room at Kennedy Airport" 6385:"Did Brits Kill New York City Cops to Get U.S. into WWII?" 6080:

Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877

5051:

The 1975 New York City fiscal crisis was succeeded by the

3265:

Child sexual abuse in New York City religious institutions

1853:'s later death since it took place exactly one year after 1471:" as he did. The mysterious question became a pop-culture 11889: 11496:"Bratton Takes Helm of Police Force He Pledged to Change" 10564: 9878:. New York City Council. October 18, 2007. Archived from 9725: 9304: 9273: 9242: 8472:

Fondren, Precious; Southall, Ashley (February 13, 2022).

8172:"Four Subway Stabbings and a Young Man's Downward Spiral" 7317: 6931:"Park Ave. Assault on Rather Leaves Mystery as to Motive" 6770: 6322: 3976:

unserved warrants was cleared. Bratton resigned in 1996.

2471:, a 43-year-old black man on Staten Island, died after a 2365:

February 11, 2011 – Maksim Gelman, 23 years old, went on

1812:

man, dies after being placed in an illegal choke-hold by

1139: 1131:, a historical site in lower Manhattan, is bombed by the 480:

in handcuffs to police headquarters, a forerunner of the

11549: 11547: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11535: 11533: 11531: 11529: 11494:

Goodman, J. David; Goldstein, Joseph (January 2, 2014).

10708:"Former NYC Mayor to Be Nominated for Nobel Peace Prize" 10196:

Langan, Patrick A.; Durose, Matthew R. (December 2003).

10195: 9436:"The Fear Hits Home: Ravitch Kin Are Not Night Riders". 9209: 8831:"Beloved food delivery worker shot and killed in Queens" 8169: 7917: 7892:"Cousin Turns on Alleged Menachem Stark Killer in Court" 6957:"Belatedly, the Riddle of an Attack on Rather Is Solved" 6728: 4938:

Violent Crime Rates by Borough (per 100,000 population)

3277:. In early 2011, Oliva, a long-time basketball coach at 2512:- A gunman killed two NYPD officers and then himself in 2407:. A total of 11 people, including the gunman, were shot. 1414:

shoots and seriously wounds four unarmed black men on a

13774:""Stop and Frisk": Fighting crime or racial profiling?" 12289: 12068:

The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York

12021: 11527: 11525: 11523: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11509: 11365:

See Pillifant (2011) and Sewer, Adam (September 2011).

11347: 11023:"2009 Homicides in New York City Are Fewest Since 1963" 9905:"Nightclub murders give rise to 58-point security plan" 9329: 7730:

McKinley, James C. Jr.; Alani, Hannah (July 17, 2017).

6912:"THE REGION; Bumpurs Trial Ends in Acquittal And Anger" 6082:, The New American Nation series, pp. 32–33, New York: 5917: 5915: 5245:

in liquor, which the Mafia was quick to capitalize on.

3355:

NYPD and Nightlife Association Announce "Best Practices

2762:, known lately as Marcelin Harvey and identifying as a 2401:

Jeffrey Johnson, 58, shot and killed a former co-worker

1660:

East Side Hotel at 48th Street and Lexington Avenue by

1629:

March 8, 1990 – The first of the copycat Zodiac Killer

13345:

Rosenberg, Andrew; Dunford, Martin (January 1, 2011).

11860:"NYC Sees Over 300 Killings, But Not All Were in 2019" 11798: 10985:

for week ending June 14, 2009. Retrieved June 21, 2009

10115:"Record Year for Killings Jolts Officials in New York" 9330:

Chaiken, Jan M.; Lawless, M.; Stevenson, K.A. (1974).

7975:

Perez, Chris; Roberts, Georgett (September 27, 2016).

6814:"Searching for the Truth About the Actual Murderer in 5408:

Until the 1980s, the portion of Chinatown east of the

5293:

particularly in Upper Manhattan and NYCHA developments

5125:

as "Brooklyn's Little Harlem". One of the first urban

4897:

Index Crime Rates by Borough (per 100,000 population)

3191:

To attract passengers, the TA tried to introduce the "

2302:

is shot five times while pulling over a stolen BMW in

1552:

February 26, 1988 – A gunman shot rookie NYPD officer

1253:. He died of a drug overdose before he could be tried. 326:

thirty-one constables, and fifty-one police officers.

13231:

Dempsey, John S.; Forst, Linda S. (January 1, 2011).

12466:"Fatal Fire in the Bronx: Tragedy Rooted in the Past" 11120:

Southall, Ashley; MacFarquhar, Neil (June 23, 2020).

10878: 10363:

Langan, Patrick; Durose, Matthew (October 21, 2004).

9762:"Platform Doors Are Finally Coming to the NYC Subway" 8448:"Anti-Asian hate crimes quadrupled in U.S. last year" 7947:"Man, 61, Pushed to His Death on NYC Subway Platform" 7627: 7126: 6910:

Connelly, Mary; Douglas, Carlyle C. (March 1, 1987).

6575:"Townhouse Razed by Blast and Fire, Man's Body Found" 5636:

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

5613:, implemented under Rudy Giuliani's tenure as mayor. 5519:. The theory states that maintaining and monitoring 5451:, who combined many separate gangs into one known as 5182:, and was known as a dangerous place to go. In 1842, 1890:

March 17, 1996 — During an argument over drug debts,

1390:

October 29, 1984 – Police shoot and kill 66-year-old

973:. The event helps inspire the founding of the modern 969:

gay bar, is resisted by the patrons and leads to the

14059:

Jacobs, James B., Coleen Friel, and Robert Raddick.

13468:

Illegal Immigration in America: A Reference Handbook

11506: 10761:"NYC Is Safest City as Crime Rises in U.S., FBI Say" 10621:

Rudy! An Investigative Biography of Rudolph Giuliani

9853:"Report of '80s Sexual Abuse Rattles Yeshiva Campus" 5912: 5646: 4881:

have historically had lower crime rates compared to

2150:

shoots to death political rival City Council member

1939:

immigrant opens fire on the observation deck of the

991:: Three members of the domestic terrorist group the 12299:(New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1997), 11557:. New York Police Department News. January 5, 2018. 11119: 10785:For full coverage see chapter 4 of Chris McNickle, 10169: 10075: 9831:Blau, Reuven; Monahan, Rachel (December 13, 2012) 9194:"Rabbi Sentenced for Role in Divorce-Coercion Ring" 7977:"Subway Pusher Avoids Life in Jail for Fatal Shove" 7649: 6928: 6700: 6631:"Deadlocked Parole Panels Leave Prisoners in Limbo" 3641:for their efforts to reduce nuclear proliferation. 3042: 2901:attribute the drop in crime to the legalization of 2219:apartment. Rodriguez was convicted of first-degree 13465:Haines, David W.; Rosenblum, Karen Elaine (1999). 12993: 10862:(Press Release). December 19, 2013. Archived from 10687:"National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)" 10507: 10505: 10230: 10149:"What Caused the Great Crime Decline in the U.S.?" 10088:"NYPD, nightlife association update safety manual" 9587:"Subway Crime Declining, New Transit Figures Show" 8751: 8107:"Correction: Manhattan Explosion-The Latest story" 7890:Roberts, Georgett; Perez, Chris (March 29, 2019). 7589:"Doubts Emerge About Teenager's Role in S.I. Fire" 6948: 6495: 6423: 6280: 6250: 5947: 5754: 5724: 3814:, helped to greatly reduce the city's crime rate. 3281:, was accused of two cases of child sexual abuse. 3126:Among other problems the following were included: 3035:in troubled marriages to force them into granting 1479:that Rather joined with the band in performing on 1241:, former bassist of seminal English punk band the 1083:January 3, 1973 – The body of 29-year-old teacher 961:June 28, 1969 – A questionable police raid on the 899:cargo terminal at JFK airport around midnight and 642:, with three killed, 125 injured and 100 arrested. 420:were incited by Irish Protestants celebrating the 151:*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 14021:(Oxford University Press, 1998), overall history. 13125: 12636:. May 2, 1961. p. 31. Retrieved January 22, 2010. 11832:"New York City's Murder Rate Hit New Low in 2018" 10996:"New York City Crime Rates at Record Low: Police" 10850: 10848: 9694:(Press release). November 9, 2004. Archived from 9473:Downtown Safety Security and Economic Development 8934:Southall, Ashley; Schweber, Nate (May 22, 2022). 8632:Levenson, Sabrina Souza,Eric (January 10, 2023). 7864:"A Developer Is Mourned and Vilified in Brooklyn" 7485:"Littlejohn Files Motion Requesting New Attorney" 6169: 6145:Shotgun's Home of the American Civil War blogsite 5805: 5785:Langan; Durose, Matthew R. (December 3–5, 2003). 5035:) were coined specifically in reference to them. 3629:In 2005, Giuliani was reportedly nominated for a 3334:Combat underage drinking and the use of fake IDs. 3123:crimes and were only to look for violent crimes. 2093:during a robbery that netted the killers $ 2,400. 1636:March 25, 1990 – Arson at the illegally operated 1087:is discovered, with multiple stab wounds, in her 1025:. The incident serves as the inspiration for the 14961: 13828: 13826: 13376:Global Human Smuggling: Comparative Perspectives 13326:Cantonese resentment against Fuzhou immigrants: 11493: 10320: 9808:Covenant House: Journey of a Faith-Based Charity 9652:Kelling, George L.; Bratton, William J. (1998). 9051:"Two sought in 61-year-old Brooklyn man's death" 8933: 6777: 6050: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5609:The NYPD has come under scrutiny for its use of 5463:Washington Heights and Inwood, neighborhoods in 5458: 5082:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 3756:fatal shooting of police officer Jonathan Diller 2622:gang, five were convicted of his murder in 2019. 2562:that left him and three police officers injured. 2497:November 20, 2014 – A 28-year-old Brooklyn man, 1990:station by Andrew Goldstein, a 29-year-old with 1753:Colin Ferguson shoots 25 passengers, killing six 1556:while he was alone in a patrol car monitoring a 1135:, killing four people and wounding more than 50. 476:, had officers walk them through the streets of 14028:90.3 (2000): 584-604. DOI: 10.1257/aer.90.3.584 13739: 13737: 13735: 13031: 12874:"The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City" 12835: 12833: 12101:"Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95, I-295 and US 1)" 11652: 11650: 11648: 11646: 11644: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11614: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11598: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11586: 11584: 11367:"60-Minutes Hearts NYPD Commissioner Ray Kelly" 11239:"The New and Old Police Commissioner Ray Kelly" 10884: 10513:"The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City" 10502: 10436:"Giuliani Courts Former Partner and Antagonist" 10365:"The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City" 10198:"The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City" 10165: 10163: 9760:Hoeffner, Melissa Kravitz (February 23, 2022). 8471: 7463:Newman, Andy; Correal, Annie (March 19, 2008). 7401: 7135:"2 Men Plead Guilty in Killing of Club Denizen" 6909: 6709:"Mobster Makes Offer on French Connection Case" 6432:"Jerry Rosenberg, Jailhouse Lawyer, Dies at 72" 5950:American Metropolis: A History of New York City 5921: 5787:"The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City" 5467:, recorded a total of 103 murders in 1990. The 5439:. Since most of the Vietnamese could not speak 3083:cut off electricity to most of the city and to 1530:by a sex offender and suspected mass murderer, 14710:New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island) 13917:"The Appearance of Impropriety and Partiality" 13637:"Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation" 13527: 13202:The Naked City: Urban Crime Fiction in the USA 11582: 11580: 11578: 11576: 11574: 11572: 11570: 11568: 11566: 11564: 10845: 10236: 10080: 9651: 7306: 6273: 5720: 5718: 5003:(CBE) all contributed to the borough's decay. 3657:Starting in 2005, under the mayoral tenure of 3015:From the 1990s until their 2013 arrest by the 2929:In the 20th century, notorious New York-based 2878: 1395:negligent homicide stemming from the shooting. 14210: 13823: 13471:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 295–. 13100:. Time Inc. September 7, 1959. pp. 36–. 12999: 12959: 12712: 12647:"How a Campaign for Racial Trust Turned Sour" 12545: 12253:"New York City Used to Be a Terrifying Place" 11321:"Law on NYPD's Side in Muslim Intel Program?" 10819:Zeranski, Todd. "How Safe Is New York City?". 10652:Heather Mac Donald, The Manhattan Institute, 10579:, March 19, 2000. Retrieved December 5, 2006. 7729: 7462: 7278: 7219: 6194: 6017:, crimelibrary.com. Retrieved March 15, 2012. 5934: 5840:"2022 Homicide Statistics for 24 U.S. Cities" 5748: 5746: 5523:in a well-ordered condition may stop further 5348:. According to a survey published in 2013 by 5217:) first developed in the mid-19th century in 2990:in 1993 to fight off the already established 2909:provides a different explanation in his book 2640:, was stabbed and killed during a robbery in 2001:February 4, 1999 – Unarmed African immigrant 472:, hoping to compel their cooperation through 14115:Journal of research in crime and delinquency 13732: 13373:Kyle, David; Koslowski, Rey (May 11, 2001). 13040:"Violent Crime Fell? Tell It to East Harlem" 12830: 12785: 12247: 12245: 12200: 12198: 11829: 11433: 11020: 10425:. January 15, 1996. Retrieved March 6, 2007. 10362: 10326: 10160: 9911:. New York. October 19, 2007. Archived from 9745:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9533:. No. 54. pp. 3–12. Archived from 9427:. Front page picture caption, June 6, 1985. 9397:. February 17, 1985. Brooklyn section, p. 1. 9119:Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner (2005). 8657:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8131: 7974: 7889: 7366: 6983:"A Gentle Young Man Who Would Be 16 Forever" 6954: 6395: 5784: 3599:protested, Giuliani staunchly supported the 3273:programs sponsored by churches of different 3259:Child sexual abuse in religious institutions 1994:. The case ultimately led to the passage of 1949:that the shooting was politically motivated. 1860:December 8, 1995 – A long racial dispute in 797:. The case also led to controversy over the 619:, 53, primate of the Eastern Diocese of the 519:No other suspects have ever been identified. 14090:Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City 13834:"Racial Disparity in NYPD Stops-and-Frisks" 12788:"Five Points Neighborhood in New York City" 12721:"If You're Thinking of Living In: Canarsie" 12093: 12032:"Criminal Justice Reports & Statistics" 11825: 11823: 11561: 11115: 11113: 10555:, July 9, 2000. Retrieved December 5, 2006. 10037: 9979: 9715: 9713: 9658:The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 9226:The New York Transit Authority in the 1970s 8419: 8022: 5780: 5778: 5715: 3854:Police Commissioner of the City of New York 2883: 2372:July 13, 2011 – The body of eight-year-old 2184:, an aspiring actress, is shot dead in the 1857:in which Shakur had been seriously injured. 1347:by Dennis Sweeney, a deranged ex-associate. 1282:committed or ordered by Lucchese associate 510:, granddaughter of Civil War Union general 14217: 14203: 14019:Gotham: a history of New York City to 1898 13799: 13797: 13689:"Stop-and-Frisk Campaign: About the Issue" 13037: 12389:"In the Bronx, Blight Gave Way to Renewal" 12380: 11684: 10976:New York Police Department CompStat report 10800: 10798: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10137: 9496:"How New York Became Safe: The Full Story" 8548: 8546: 8344:. nypost.com. nypost.com. December 3, 2021 8322:. nypost.com. nypost.com. December 3, 2021 7970: 7968: 6706: 5838:RIT Center for Public Safety Initiatives. 5743: 5689:List of United States cities by crime rate 5007:vacancy rates. Racial tensions during the 3939:On March 5, 2007, it was announced that a 3328:Create a city Office of Nightlife Affairs. 3179:Citizens Crime Commission of New York City 2874:is shot and then dismembered in The Bronx. 2784:March 13, 2022 - Two women working at the 2636:: 18-year-old Tessa Majors, a freshman at 2546:September 2016 – 31 people are injured in 2456:, 39, was kidnapped outside his office in 2111:October 30, 2002 – Two gunmen went into a 1567:December 21, 1988 – Transgender performer 1021:is gunned down at Umberto's Clam House in 771:leading up to it was later the subject of 759:drug bust nets 112 pounds (51 kg) of 14092:(Harvard University Press, 2007) on 1920s 13766: 13743: 13119: 12888:October 21, 2004. Retrieved June 4, 2014. 12463: 12386: 12242: 12210:Contemporary America, 1970 to the Present 12195: 12145: 12114: 11434:Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (December 27, 2017). 11292: 10916: 10914: 10400:"JoinRudy2008 :: Missing Controller" 10266: 10264: 9988:"When the Undercover Beat Is a Nightclub" 9018: 9016: 8605: 7725: 7723: 7228:"Big L – Top 10 Unsolved Hip-Hop Murders" 5945: 5922:Lardner, James; Reppetto, Thomas (2000). 5088:greater South Bronx is the poorest area. 2554:. A bombing occurred earlier that day in 1667:December 11, 1990 - Senior mafia member, 464:barrel, the most notorious of that era's 278: 14151:https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144206290384 14108:The New Police in the Nineteenth Century 13580: 13088: 12965: 12057: 12055: 11883: 11820: 11110: 10758: 9759: 9710: 9332:"The Impact of Police Activity on Crime" 8631: 8445: 8420:Venkatraman, Sakshi (October 26, 2021). 8150: 8054: 7132: 6864: 6783: 6572: 6074: 6072: 6007:"The Sensational Murder of Helen Jewett" 5775: 5527:and escalation into more serious crime. 5488: 5336:. Criminal organizations such as street 4982: 4814: 3919: 3843: 3826: 3648: 3569: 3510:, under Giuliani appointee Commissioner 3493: 3463: 3305: 3046: 2573:, was killed and 20 people were injured. 2247: 2091:are killed and two are seriously wounded 2060: 1855:an apparent robbery attempt in Manhattan 1589: 310: 17: 14239:Index of New York City-related articles 13794: 13584:Asian American Society: An Encyclopedia 13500: 13287:Mendelsohn, Joyce (September 1, 2009). 13000:Hagan, John; Peterson, Ruth D. (1995). 12872:Langan, Patrick A.; Durose, Matthew R. 12755:. Urbanography. Retrieved May 16, 2007. 12718: 12599: 12182:Lubasch, Arnold H. (November 30, 1983) 11858:Sisak, Michael R. (December 28, 2019). 11830:Kanno-Youngs, Zolan (January 3, 2019). 11237:Vitullo-Martib, Julia (November 2001). 11204:Goodman, J. David (December 29, 2015). 11203: 11095: 11021:Parascandola, Rocco (January 5, 2010). 10795: 10298: 10134: 9562:. MTA.info (YouTube). January 9, 2010. 9493: 9406:"Illegal Transfers Costing TA $ 1.2M". 9298: 9267: 9236: 9169:"America's Real Criminal Element: Lead" 8543: 8523: 7965: 7655: 7180:"Gunman's Family: PA Advised Us to Lie" 7162:"SouthCoastToday.com – News Archive..." 6981:Shipler, David K. (November 10, 1991). 6980: 6929:McFadden, Robert D. (October 6, 1986). 6883: 6707:Blumenthal, Ralph (February 22, 2009). 6672: 6459:"The Wylie-Hoffert Career Girl Murders" 6382: 6200: 5893:"America's Real Criminal Element: Lead" 5190:, who visited there in 1860 before his 3765: 3295:In December 2012, the president of the 2277:, wounding two and killing 23-year-old 2141:later cases involving young white women 1728:Patrolmen's Benevolent Association Riot 690:labor leader who led the opposition to 273: 193:increased incarceration rate nationwide 14962: 13958: 13914: 13856: 13691:. NYCLU. July 31, 2007. Archived from 12489: 12334: 12312: 12251:Sterbenz, Christina (July 12, 2013). 12151: 12120: 11406: 11256: 11140: 10947: 10911: 10270: 10261: 10113:Lorch, Donatella (December 31, 1990). 10094:. Associated Press. September 19, 2011 9985: 9566:from the original on December 19, 2021 9521: 9074: 9048: 9013: 8907: 8699: 8524:Luperon, Alberto (November 29, 2021). 8151:Southall, Ashley (February 14, 2021). 7757: 7720: 7705: 7684: 7586: 7338: 7314:"Run-DMC DJ Slain in Recording Studio" 7284: 7093: 6843: 6811: 6219: 6163: 6044: 5855: 5791:2003 International Conference on Crime 5752: 5159:New York City teachers' strike of 1968 4843: 3312:Nightlife legislation in New York City 2203:October 31, 2005 – Fashion journalist 2039:who worked with battered women in the 1920:, age 22, a homeless, gay, black, and 1343:is assassinated in his law offices at 608:August 6, 1930 – The disappearance of 506:June 19, 1909 – The strangled body of 303:, along with the subsequent trial and 14635:John F. Kennedy International Airport 14583:Metropolitan Transportation Authority 14198: 14138:(Univ of North Carolina Press, 2006) 14017:Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. 13744:Devereaux, Ryan (February 14, 2012). 13038:Bellafante, Ginia (January 5, 2013). 12839: 12733:from the original on January 25, 2018 12445:. New York City Health. November 2021 12340: 12071:. New York: Knopf. pp. 893–894. 12052: 11909: 11857: 11412: 11293:Pillifant, Reid (September 7, 2011). 10948:Hauser, Christine (January 1, 2008). 10434:Pérez-Peña, Richard (March 9, 2007). 10170:Rosenthal, Lawrence (March 6, 2020). 10112: 9986:Wilson, Michael (November 28, 2006). 9584: 9451:"Subway Ridership Hits 65 Year Low". 9376:"Smashed Windows: Vandals New Kick". 9167:Drum, Kevin (January–February 2013). 9093: 9022: 8606:Venarchik, Anna (February 28, 2022). 8446:Yamauchi, Naoko (February 11, 2022). 8401:from the original on January 19, 2022 8270: 8248:from the original on January 11, 2022 8028: 7758:Lowder, J. Bryan (December 4, 2012). 7285:Wilson, Michael (September 9, 2011). 7204: 7133:Sullivan, John (September 11, 1997). 6846:"June 17–23; Etan Patz Declared Dead" 6734: 6600: 6401: 6256: 6069: 5617:and are based on the decision of the 5198:was one of the country's first major 4987:Burned-out building, Charlotte Street 4868: 2771:2022 Northeastern U.S. serial shooter 2746:Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders 2298:July 9, 2007 – Rookie police officer 1887:fixture remained unsolved as of 2013. 1368:November 5, 1982 – Author and artist 989:Greenwich Village townhouse explosion 14645:Newark Liberty International Airport 14110:( Routledge, 2017) pp. 493–512. 13862: 13501:English, T. J. (November 15, 2011). 13405:Guest, Kenneth J. (August 1, 2003). 13126:Mele, Christopher (March 15, 2000). 12546:Kamer, Foster (September 30, 2010). 12518:Sisk, Richard (September 29, 2011). 12517: 12464:Venugopal, Arun (January 19, 2022). 12412: 12387:Fernandez, Manny (October 5, 2007). 12061: 11297:. 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Archived from 6884:Nielson, Erik (September 16, 2013). 6865:Oshinsky, David (November 7, 1993). 6678: 6628: 6554:"Nation: Insane and Reckless Murder" 6429: 6133: 5605:New York City stop-and-frisk program 4834: 4825: 3992: 3769: 3644: 3421:the 1990s to the removal of lead (a 3324:It also enacted the following plan: 3279:Christ the King Regional High School 2671:, in Upper Manhattan on February 13. 2387:over the rent on her apartment near 1956:, a Bronx teacher and son of former 14183:NYPD Precinct Crime Statistics page 14097:Bloomberg: A Billionaire's Ambition 13614: 13528:Chanoff, David (January 30, 1995). 13265:. Psychology Press. pp. 312–. 13237:. Cengage Learning. pp. 266–. 12886:United States Department of Justice 12719:Sherman, Mark (February 12, 1984). 12229:Gonzalez, David (August 21, 2009). 11886:"NYC Murders Up Nearly 45% in 2020" 11141:Zaveri, Mihir (September 2, 2020). 11096:Jackson, Joe (September 30, 2014). 10895:(Opinion). New York. 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The death occurred in a case of 2211:January 11, 2006 – Seven-year-old 2119:, a founding member of pioneering 1704:, during which an Australian Jew, 1640:at 1959 Southern Boulevard in the 1220:New York University Medical Center 1122:Doo Doo Doo Doo Doo (Heartbreaker) 14: 14991: 14224: 14176: 14122:Journal of interpersonal violence 13959:Kalhan, Anil (November 9, 2013). 13915:Kalhan, Anil (November 5, 2013). 12370:"City on a Hill: The South Bronx" 11910:Tracy, Thomas (January 1, 2022). 10654:"New York Cops: Still the Finest" 10205:International Conference on Crime 9851:Yee, Vivian (December 14, 2012). 8055:Shivonne, Adeja (July 16, 2024). 7685:Barron, James (August 24, 2012). 7373:Katz, Nancie L. (April 3, 2008). 7094:Kifner, John (December 9, 1995). 6955:Bruni, Frank (January 30, 1997). 6844:Murphy, Dean E. 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Her body is found outside a 1768:1994 New York school bus shooting 1245:, allegedly stabs his girlfriend 1234:) but no charges were ever filed. 1222:who had appeared in that role in 901:walked out with $ 420,000 in cash 840:, though an article published in 675:November 16, 1940 – "Mad Bomber" 522:August 9, 1910 – Reformist Mayor 514:, 19, is found in a trunk in the 14975:Law enforcement in New York City 14944: 14943: 14930: 14395: 13971: 13952: 13927: 13908: 13882: 13838:Center for Constitutional Rights 13707: 13681: 13655: 13629: 13608: 13574: 13549: 13521: 13494: 13320: 13157: 13059: 12966:Finnegan, Jack (March 6, 2007). 12939: 12919: 12905: 12891: 12866: 12806: 12779: 12758: 12745: 12687: 12668: 12639: 12620: 12593: 12567: 12539: 12511: 12483: 12457: 12432: 12406: 12362: 12306: 12264: 12223: 12176: 12038: 12008:criminaljustice.cityofnewyork.us 11996: 11985: 11959: 11931: 11903: 11877: 11851: 11792: 11764: 11743: 11711: 11678: 11487: 11471: 11453: 11427: 11378: 11359: 11330: 11313: 11286: 11250: 11231: 11197: 11183: 11169: 11155: 11134: 11089: 11059: 11045: 11014: 10988: 10969: 10941: 10823: 10812: 10779: 10763:. Bloomberg News. 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March 6, 2020. Archived from 10478:Federal Bureau of Investigation 10299:Roberts, Sam (August 7, 1994). 8363:Funk, Luke (January 19, 2022). 8290: 8264: 8197: 8163: 8144: 8125: 8099: 8074: 8048: 7996: 7939: 7911: 7883: 7862:Yee, Vivian (January 5, 2014). 7855: 7829: 7803: 7777: 7751: 7699: 7678: 7656:Kochman, Ben (April 23, 2015). 7621: 7601: 7580: 7560: 7535: 7507: 7477: 7456: 7395: 7332: 7260:"NY Murder Unites Two Families" 7252: 7198: 7172: 7154: 7108: 7087: 7063: 7045: 7019: 6993: 6974: 6903: 6877: 6858: 6837: 6805: 6784:Hamilton, Brad (June 3, 2017). 6759: 6648: 6622: 6594: 6566: 6546: 6526: 6473: 6451: 6383:Wortman, Marc (July 16, 2017). 6376: 6341: 6311: 6213: 6109: 6097: 5976: 5223:East Coast of the United States 3950: 3601:New York City Police Department 3508:New York City Police Department 3339:New York State Liquor Authority 3017:Federal Bureau of Investigation 2967:influenced crime in the 1970s. 2592:Murder of Lesandro Guzman-Feliz 2585:2017 New York City truck attack 2051: 1791:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 1482:Late Night with David Letterman 1469:Kenneth, what is the frequency? 438: 211: 199:, an aging population, and the 180:New York City Police Department 13863:Ford, James (March 22, 2012). 13809:New York Civil Liberties Union 13581:Yu, Mary (September 3, 2014). 13437:Kwong, Peter (July 30, 1996). 13381:Johns Hopkins University Press 13330:Lii, Jane H. (June 12, 1994). 13163:Crimes against Chinese women: 12192:. Retrieved February 26, 2020. 10714:. June 2, 2005. Archived from 10157:. Retrieved December 19, 2022. 10147:Ford, Matt (April 15, 2016). 9367:, September 27, 1980, page A1. 9206:). Retrieved December 9, 2022. 9049:Chasan, Aliza (June 9, 2022). 9023:Woods, Amanda (June 9, 2022). 8778:Fan, Christina (May 1, 2022). 7053:"Ari Halberstam Memorial Site" 6867:"One Person Made a Difference" 6319:"PBS Kids . Big Apple History" 6220:Gordon, Michael Allen (1993). 6020:Gulfoyle, Timothy J. (1992). 5994:Cohen, Patricia Cline (1998). 5985:Cohen, Patricia Cline (1993). 5884: 5849: 5831: 5729:. Cambridge University Press. 5701: 5570:Geographic Information Systems 5157:laws. This contributed to the 5053:New York City blackout of 1977 3894:March 11, 2004, Madrid bombing 3130:Transit police radios and the 2656:2020 New York City Subway fire 2531:and another were wounded in a 2510:2014 Killings of NYPD Officers 2165:October 15, 2003 — One of the 1894:and Robert Riggs kill fellow " 1526:, is abducted and murdered in 1249:to death in their room in the 1103:the 1977 film of the same name 883:April 7, 1967: Members of the 741:October 25, 1957 — Mafia boss 446: 411: 1: 13134:University of Minnesota Press 12684:. Retrieved December 9, 2022. 12413:Cruz, David (June 17, 2021). 12313:Fisher, Ian (June 23, 1993). 12261:. Retrieved December 9, 2022. 11751:"Seven Major Felony Offenses" 10676:. Retrieved December 5, 2006. 10672:Feit, Josh (March 29, 2000). 10663:. Retrieved December 5, 2006. 10610:. Retrieved December 5, 2006. 10227:(see Appendix tables 1 and 2) 8908:Samson, Carl (May 11, 2022). 7617:. New York. January 18, 2012. 6679:Hoad, J. N. (April 2, 2022). 6430:Chan, Sewell (June 1, 2009). 6201:Johnson, Marilynn S. (2003). 5946:Lankevich, George L. (1998). 5694: 5459:Washington Heights and Inwood 5267:Today crime rates in most of 5153:, and the failure to enforce 5129:of the era took place there. 3902:July 21, 2005 London bombings 3745:alternatives to incarceration 3729: 3506:'s first term as mayor, the 3095:began unarmed patrols of the 3000:gangs were also prominent in 2578:Bronx Lebanon Hospital attack 2519:May 2, 2015 – Police officer 2167:Staten Island ferries crashes 2065:An NYPD vehicle stationed in 1288:The 10 Million Dollar Robbery 1176:in 1979, only to be denied a 460:organization, is found in an 443:High-profile crimes include: 13175:University of Illinois Press 10372:Bureau of Justice Statistics 8553:Yang, Maya (March 1, 2022). 7706:Ransom, Jan (May 14, 2018). 6601:Baker, Al (April 27, 2018). 6104:"The Draft in the Civil War" 5364: 5350:Union Settlement Association 5164: 5117:In 1961, Alfred E. Clark of 4978: 4840:1990: Highest total to date. 4808: 4800: 4792: 4784: 4776: 4751: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4719: 4711: 4703: 4695: 4687: 4679: 4671: 4663: 4655: 4647: 4639: 4631: 4623: 4607: 4599: 4591: 4583: 4575: 4567: 4559: 4551: 4543: 4535: 4519: 4494: 4486: 4478: 4470: 4462: 4454: 4446: 4438: 4430: 4422: 4414: 4406: 4398: 4390: 4382: 4374: 4366: 4358: 4350: 4342: 4334: 4326: 4318: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4270: 4262: 4240: 4232: 4224: 4216: 4208: 4200: 4192: 4184: 4176: 4168: 4160: 4152: 4144: 4136: 4128: 4120: 4112: 4104: 4096: 4088: 4073: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4034: 4026: 4018: 3960:New York City Transit Police 3898:July 7, 2005 London bombings 3839: 3822: 3417:'s three terms (2002–2013). 2857:Kings County Hospital Center 2567:2017 Times Square car attack 1781:sect of Jews driving on the 1317:May 25, 1979 – Six-year-old 1174:Creedmoor Psychiatric Center 880:was charged for the murders. 456:, the city's first dominant 365:men to fight in the ongoing 168:Crime rates in New York City 7: 14864:East Bronx expansion (1895) 14124:36.17-18 (2021): 8070-8091. 13348:The Rough Guide to New York 13234:An Introduction to Policing 13207:Manchester University Press 12972:. First Books. p. 55. 12663:Alicia Patterson Foundation 12341:Flood, Joe (May 16, 2010). 12206:Handbook to Life in America 11946:Government of New York City 11413:Baker, Al (March 6, 2007). 10685:Detroit Police Department, 10545:"NYC Police Shootings 1999" 10444:. Retrieved March 14, 2007. 9494:Kelling, George L. (2009). 9412:. December 21, 1984. p. 29. 7568:"Times Square Bomb Attempt" 6178:University of Chicago Press 5991:. 17 Legal Studies Forum 2. 5982:Multiple sources are used: 5924:NYPD: A City and Its Police 5642: 5619:United States Supreme Court 5580: 5530: 5373:were dominated by Chinese " 5091: 4831:1928: First year tabulated. 3671:Mayors Against Illegal Guns 3370:Club Enforcement Initiative 2879:Notable recent crime trends 2294:2007 New York City shooting 2266:November 1, 2006 – Actress 1766:March 1, 1994 – During the 1321:vanishes after leaving his 1034:1972 Harlem mosque incident 703:, later acting boss of the 399:, stated on July 16 that, " 10: 14996: 14904:hybrid variant (2020–2021) 13561:United Press International 13443:. Macmillan. pp. 3–. 13262:The Urban Sociology Reader 13075:New York Police Department 12840:Jaffe, Eric (April 2007). 12155:Organizing the South Bronx 12124:Organizing the South Bronx 10693:February 25, 2008, at the 10497:Crime in the United States 10406:November 20, 2008, at the 9797:. Retrieved April 5, 2011. 9442:. January 21, 1982. p. 4. 9192:Staff (December 14, 2015) 6170:Harris, Leslie M. (2003). 6117:"The Draft Riots, Part II" 5996:The Murder of Helen Jewett 5602: 5584: 5534: 5492: 5359:New York Police Department 5302: 5194:. The predominantly Irish 3889:September 11, 2001 attacks 3427:Brennan Center for Justice 3309: 3262: 3195:", a service staffed by a 2925:Gangs in the United States 2922: 2045:Prospect Heights, Brooklyn 1747:World Trade Center bombing 1425:, a returning graduate of 783:1971 film of the same name 535:Lexington Avenue explosion 338: 314: 282: 268:New York Police Department 206: 160:New York State Index Crime 14923: 14812: 14779: 14655: 14543: 14500: 14447: 14404: 14393: 14247: 14234: 13413:New York University Press 13351:. Penguin. pp. 81–. 13295:Columbia University Press 13008:Stanford University Press 12701:October 21, 2013, at the 12580:October 10, 2012, at the 11478:"The Bratton Resignation" 11356:Colvin (August 24, 2011). 10922:"Mike Bloomberg on Crime" 9421:"Cops Are Night Riders". 9382:. October 14, 1980. p. 5. 9354:. January 1, 1980. p. 22. 7810:PTI (December 29, 2012). 6681:"Who Was Elizabeth Eden?" 6404:"Who Hired the Assassin?" 6130:blogpost, August 2, 2002. 6051:Barnes, David M. (1863). 5727:The Crime Drop in America 5684:Timeline of New York City 5679:Crime in New York (state) 5634:On October 31, 2013, the 5412:, considered part of the 5298: 5241:helped create a thriving 3783:This section needs to be 3392: 3353:A new guideline booklet, 3089:IRT Lexington Avenue Line 3019:in a sting operation, an 2548:a pressure cooker bombing 2481:shooting of Michael Brown 2340:A bombing in Times Square 1820:. Livoti is sentenced to 1785:. A 16-year-old student, 1708:, was fatally stabbed by 1656:, is assassinated at the 1648:November 5, 1990 – Rabbi 1277:, who had pulled off the 736:New York Court of Appeals 621:Armenian Apostolic Church 575:September 16, 1920 – The 526:is shot in the throat in 347:New York City draft riots 341:New York City draft riots 242:James Gordon Bennett, Sr. 201:decline of lead poisoning 143: 133: 123: 113: 103: 98: 88: 78: 68: 58: 48: 43: 38: 33: 14937:New York City portal 14147:Journal of Urban History 14026:American Economic Review 12297:Drug Use and Drug Policy 11342:DNA Info Manhattan Local 10981:January 9, 2009, at the 10551:August 30, 2000, at the 9457:. October 1, 1982. p. 7. 9391:"Vandals on the Rails". 8731:Spectrum News 1 New York 6230:Cornell University Press 5870:10.1177/0011128714549652 5593:law enforcement agencies 4849:2001: Not including the 3958:became the chief of the 3444:legalization of abortion 3374:murder of Jennifer Moore 3218:and Police Commissioner 2884:Late-20th-century trends 2872:44-year-old Collin Small 2722:anti-Chinese hate crimes 2648: 2556:Seaside Park, New Jersey 2541:Murder of Karina Vetrano 2332: 2056: 2020:, is killed in a Harlem 1623: 1361:in front of his home in 1333: 1017:April 7, 1972 – Mobster 981: 868:by three members of the 749: 329: 254:, at the request of the 14859:Annexed District (1874) 14188:April 14, 2008, at the 14051:Crime & Delinquency 13199:Willett, Ralph (1996). 12790:. About. Archived from 12674:Staff (July 31, 1964). 11837:The Wall Street Journal 11806:The Wall Street Journal 11440:The Wall Street Journal 11103:The Wall Street Journal 10892:The Wall Street Journal 10831:"New York's Gun Battle" 10474:"Uniform Crime Reports" 10092:The Wall Street Journal 9789:"The Sins of the Coach" 9522:Glazer, Nathan (1979). 7925:The Wall Street Journal 7101:San Francisco Chronicle 6661:San Francisco Chronicle 6534:"New York: Speed Kills" 5858:Crime & Delinquency 5753:Karmen, Andrew (2000). 5393:), and (more secretly) 5391:Chinese Communist Party 3747:programs. According to 3741:criminal justice reform 3669:, Bloomberg co-founded 3140:between 1979 and 1980. 2807:, and had also threw a 2385:building superintendent 1697:, and dumping her body. 1427:Phillips Exeter Academy 1216:radiological technician 1098:Looking for Mr. Goodbar 864:is assassinated at the 828:is stabbed 12 times in 755:January 27, 1962 — The 14970:Crime in New York City 14571:Vision Zero Initiative 14149:33.2 (2007): 183-216. 14053:45.2 (1999): 171-187. 12899:"The Great Crime Wave" 12880:March 3, 2016, at the 12825:Chicago History Museum 12584:, article copied from 12343:"Why the Bronx Burned" 12204:Carlisle, Rodney P. 12046:"LexisNexis® Academic" 11386:"Police and the Press" 10575:April 7, 2013, at the 9348:"The Subway Savages". 7548:July 25, 2008, at the 7168:on September 14, 2012. 7059:on September 27, 2007. 6122:July 13, 2018, at the 6031:Tucher, Andie (1994). 5631:of criminal activity. 5151:segregation in housing 5096:Neighborhoods such as 5061:Fort Apache, The Bronx 5023:and a large number of 5001:Cross Bronx Expressway 4988: 4820: 3925: 3849: 3832: 3720: 3654: 3575: 3555:Harvard Kennedy School 3499: 3469: 3209:Grand Central Terminal 3137: 3056: 2714:Killing of Michelle Go 2634:Murder of Tessa Majors 2527:May 17, 2015 – Rapper 2458:Williamsburg, Brooklyn 2256: 2070: 1759:commuter train out of 1603: 1487:statute of limitations 1400:Caroline Rose Isenberg 1350:December 8, 1980 – Ex- 1306:'s 1990 adaptation of 926:Greenwich, Connecticut 808:August 28, 1963 – The 495:is shot and killed by 397:Department of the East 279:Murder of Helen Jewett 178:During the 1990s, the 26: 14603:Long Island Rail Road 14598:Staten Island Railway 14117:57.6 (2020): 643-692. 14046:52.2 (1971): 133-150. 13805:"Stop-and-Frisk Data" 13715:"NYPD Stop and Frisk" 13587:. SAGE Publications. 13167:Bao, Xiaolan (2001). 12819:May 12, 2014, at the 12772:May 11, 2009, at the 12751:Christiano, Gregory. 12707:Regional Labor Review 12653:May 15, 2011, at the 12603:The Ungovernable City 12231:"Faces in the Rubble" 10767:on September 30, 2007 10659:July 2, 2010, at the 10632:Zimring, Franklin E. 7240:on September 23, 2011 7083:on December 25, 2007. 6485:www.oldkewgardens.com 6005:Ramsland, Katherine, 5501:broken windows theory 5495:Broken windows theory 5489:Broken windows theory 5009:Civil Rights Movement 4986: 4818: 3969:broken windows theory 3923: 3874:stop-and-frisk policy 3847: 3830: 3716: 3652: 3573: 3497: 3467: 3306:Nightlife legislation 3284:In Manhattan, Father 3236:Fixing Broken Windows 3184:Fixing Broken Windows 3128: 3106:In March 1979, Mayor 3050: 2805:Sunset Park, Brooklyn 2742:traumatic head injury 2698:on December 31, 2021. 2676:Killing of Yao Pan Ma 2405:Empire State Building 2251: 2160:New York City Council 2064: 1941:Empire State Building 1911:Nathaniel Levi Gaines 1757:Long Island Rail Road 1717:Manuel de Dios Unanue 1654:Jewish Defense League 1638:Happyland Social Club 1593: 1431:Exeter, New Hampshire 1379:September 15, 1983 – 1370:Theresa Hak Kyung Cha 1267:Lucchese crime family 1194:September 14, 1977 – 1032:April 14, 1972 – The 1008:Black Liberation Army 885:Lucchese crime family 774:The French Connection 501:Madison Square Garden 406:Colored Orphan Asylum 404:black homes, and the 311:Murder of Mary Rogers 21: 14608:Metro-North Railroad 14535:Emergency Management 14338:Environmental issues 14169:31.1 (2014): 74-95. 14134:Robertson, Stephen. 13985:on November 12, 2013 13695:on December 30, 2013 13003:Crime and Inequality 12676:"No Place Like Home" 12152:Rooney, Jim (1995). 12121:Rooney, Jim (1995). 11731:on September 4, 2014 11699:on December 22, 2015 11301:on December 17, 2013 11274:on December 17, 2013 10899:on February 20, 2018 10866:on December 30, 2013 10808:. December 27, 2013. 10604:. 1999; 45: 171–187 10499:, in hardcover book. 10334:(October 19, 1997). 10214:on February 15, 2009 9620:on September 5, 2007 9560:"Don't Do It (1988)" 7836:PTI (May 21, 2015). 7557:. February 13, 2008. 7416:on February 11, 2005 7266:on September 4, 2006 7122:on October 22, 1999. 6773:. December 24, 2002. 6013:May 2, 2014, at the 5657:New York City portal 5629:reasonable suspicion 5572:and was intended to 5517:anti-social behavior 5221:, and spread to the 4851:September 11 attacks 3766:Police commissioners 3540:Gambino crime family 3317:problems, including 3132:New York City Police 3070:In the 1960s, mayor 3061:New York City Subway 3002:Chinatown, Manhattan 2840:charged with murder. 2830:Utica Avenue station 2801:New York City Subway 2786:Museum of Modern Art 2632:December 11, 2019 – 2627:Chinatown, Manhattan 2508:December 20, 2014 – 2492:167th Street station 2462:Great Neck, New York 2427:Times Square station 2192:February 14, 2005 — 1931:February 23, 1997 – 1804:December 22, 1994 – 1687:Henry Hudson Parkway 1505:Howard Beach, Queens 1438:Gambino crime family 1436:December 16, 1985 – 1410:December 22, 1984 – 1262:the German airline's 1256:December 11, 1978 – 1189:that year's blackout 856:February 21, 1965 – 810:Career Girls Murders 732:Gambino crime family 670:German-American Bund 615:December 24, 1933 – 454:Morello crime family 433:Tompkins Square Park 429:Tompkins Square Riot 378:Battle of Gettysburg 361:during that year to 351:violent disturbances 274:High-profile murders 262:system. Under Mayor 135:Total property crime 14889:9/11 terror attacks 14620:Bridges and tunnels 14477:Community Districts 14088:Lerner, Michael A. 14077:(NYU Press, 2000). 14011:31.1 (2014): 5-38. 13896:on November 1, 2013 13719:The Huffington Post 13667:The Huffington Post 13535:The Washington Post 13507:. Open Road Media. 12955:. February 7, 2022. 12935:. February 8, 2022. 12915:. February 8, 2022. 12574:"The Tipping Point" 12374:www.demographia.com 11394:. November 26, 2011 11327:. November 8, 2011. 11055:. February 4, 2020. 11002:. December 28, 2009 10833:. Gothamgazette.com 10718:on October 18, 2007 10525:on December 8, 2006 10484:on October 24, 2004 10381:on December 8, 2006 9941:on October 20, 2007 9915:on October 22, 2007 9540:on October 17, 2015 9280:on January 29, 2012 9142:"The Tipping Point" 8010:. November 17, 2014 7953:. November 17, 2014 7186:. February 19, 2007 7007:on January 12, 2008 6542:. October 20, 1967. 6259:"The Barrel Murder" 6257:Black, Jon (2015). 6180:. pp. 279–88. 6151:on October 17, 2008 5819:. February 29, 2024 5711:. January 26, 2022. 5433:Vietnamese refugees 5239:U. S. Prohibition 5233:, which was led by 5192:Cooper Union speech 4939: 4898: 3587:and the killing of 3440:John J. Donohue III 2712:January 15, 2022 – 2703:Columbia University 2696:The New Jewish Home 2692:cerebral hemorrhage 2583:October 31, 2017 – 2410:October 25, 2012 – 2180:January 27, 2005 – 2003:Amadou Bailo Diallo 1946:New York Daily News 1916:February 5, 1997 – 1751:December 7, 1993 – 1702:Crown Heights riots 1674:January 24, 1991 – 1582:Central Park jogger 1537:November 2, 1987 – 1398:December 2, 1984 – 1237:October 12, 1978 – 1127:January 24, 1975 – 1002:May 21, 1971 – Two 956:Five-Percent Nation 710:August 1, 1943 – A 682:January 11, 1943 – 655:Robert George Irwin 640:rioting and looting 610:Joseph Force Crater 590:November 6, 1928 – 577:Wall Street bombing 553:Joseph Bowne Elwell 539:John D. Rockefeller 528:Hoboken, New Jersey 422:Battle of the Boyne 395:, commander of the 240:was established by 125:Motor vehicle theft 90:Total violent crime 39:Crime rates* (2022) 14794:Elementary schools 14789:Dept. of Education 14501:Emergency services 14472:Borough presidents 14095:McNickle, Chris. 14063:(NYU Press, 2001) 14035:(Routledge, 2008) 14031:Critchley, David. 13622:The New York Times 13337:The New York Times 13045:The New York Times 12786:McNamara, Robert. 12726:The New York Times 12661:. Vol. 15, No. 3. 12633:The New York Times 12393:The New York Times 12320:The New York Times 12236:The New York Times 12189:The New York Times 11500:The New York Times 11482:The New York Times 11465:The New York Times 11420:The New York Times 11391:The New York Times 11344:. August 24, 2011. 11210:The New York Times 11148:The New York Times 11127:The New York Times 11033:on January 9, 2010 10955:The New York Times 10460:The New York Times 10441:The New York Times 10341:The New York Times 10306:The New York Times 10278:The New York Times 10120:The New York Times 9992:The New York Times 9967:. October 18, 2007 9858:The New York Times 9592:The New York Times 9365:The New York Times 9311:on October 3, 2013 9249:on October 3, 2013 9203:The New York Times 8999:San Bernardino Sun 8940:The New York Times 8678:The New York Times 8478:The New York Times 8176:The New York Times 8157:The New York Times 8113:on October 2, 2016 7869:The New York Times 7791:. January 15, 2013 7737:The New York Times 7713:The New York Times 7692:The New York Times 7635:The New York Times 7594:The New York Times 7573:The New York Times 7495:on October 8, 2007 7470:The New York Times 7345:The New York Times 7320:. November 1, 2002 7292:The New York Times 7212:The New York Times 7140:The New York Times 7071:"A Bit of Justice" 7033:. October 12, 2013 7001:"Mariel Bay, Cuba" 6987:The New York Times 6961:The New York Times 6935:The New York Times 6916:The New York Times 6871:The New York Times 6851:The New York Times 6745:The New York Times 6738:(April 16, 2015). 6714:The New York Times 6668:on August 5, 2011. 6608:The New York Times 6580:The New York Times 6511:The New York Times 6437:The New York Times 6409:The New York Times 6354:The New York Times 6288:The New York Times 6106:. u-s-history.com. 6078:Foner, E. (1988). 6059:Baker & Godwin 5521:urban environments 5369:The early days of 5123:Bedford–Stuyvesant 5119:The New York Times 4989: 4937: 4896: 4869:Specific locations 4821: 3981:The New York Times 3934:Occupy Wall Street 3926: 3850: 3833: 3816:The New York Times 3655: 3576: 3538:on the West Side ( 3532:Fulton Fish Market 3500: 3475:The New York Times 3470: 3300:Yeshiva University 3232:William J. Bratton 3193:Train to the Plane 3057: 3055:subway car in 1973 3037:religious divorces 2853:Bedford-Stuyvesant 2669:Dominican Republic 2560:Linden, New Jersey 2552:Chelsea, Manhattan 2514:Bedford Stuyvesant 2485:Ferguson, Missouri 2448:January 2, 2014 – 2412:Lucia and Leo Krim 2399:August 24, 2012 – 2347:, a member of the 2324:radio personality 2260:August 18, 2006 – 2257: 2228:Imette St. Guillen 2106:Bedford-Stuyvesant 2071: 1982:January 3, 1999 – 1877:Second Avenue Deli 1743:World Trade Center 1607:August 23, 1989 – 1604: 1459:October 4, 1986 – 1345:Rockefeller Center 1279:Air France robbery 1178:disability pension 1118:The Rolling Stones 1051:August 22, 1972 – 995:are killed when a 895:, walked into the 843:The New York Times 585:Sacco and Vanzetti 562:locked-room murder 524:William Jay Gaynor 497:Harry Kendall Thaw 474:public humiliation 470:George W. McClusky 367:American Civil War 349:in July 1863 were 80:Aggravated assault 27: 14957: 14956: 14895:COVID-19 pandemic 14675:Community gardens 14640:LaGuardia Airport 14440:(Richmond County) 14428:(New York County) 14167:Justice Quarterly 14083:978-0-8147-4717-9 14009:Justice Quarterly 13844:on March 28, 2012 13811:. January 2, 2012 13594:978-1-4522-8189-6 13514:978-1-4532-3427-3 13478:978-0-313-30436-1 13450:978-0-8090-1585-6 13422:978-0-8147-3154-3 13390:978-0-8018-6590-9 13383:. pp. 236–. 13358:978-1-4053-8565-7 13304:978-0-231-14761-3 13272:978-0-415-32342-0 13244:978-1-111-13772-4 13216:978-0-7190-4301-7 13184:978-0-252-02631-7 13177:. pp. 216–. 13143:978-0-8166-3181-0 13136:. pp. 138–. 13017:978-0-8047-2404-3 12979:978-0-912301-72-3 12766:"The Five Points" 12753:"The Five Points" 12626:Clark, Alfred E. 12613:978-0-7867-4993-5 12553:The Village Voice 12169:978-0-7914-2210-6 12138:978-0-7914-2210-6 12078:978-0-394-48076-3 11973:. January 2, 2024 11666:. January 4, 2008 11467:. March 27, 1996. 11267:The Village Voice 10642:978-0-19-518115-9 10602:Crime Delinquency 10240:(June 25, 2001). 9767:Time Out New York 9642:. 18(1), 163–190. 9094:Hoogensen, Finn. 8887:CBS News New York 8733:. January 4, 2023 7409:The Village Voice 7076:The Village Voice 6187:978-0-226-31775-5 5969:978-0-8147-5186-2 5768:978-0-8147-4717-9 5736:978-0-521-86279-0 5478:human trafficking 5361:'s 77 precincts. 4976: 4975: 4935: 4934: 4865: 4864: 4813: 4812: 4756: 4755: 4499: 4498: 4245: 4244: 3965:State of New York 3885:counter-terrorism 3804: 3803: 3659:Michael Bloomberg 3653:Michael Bloomberg 3645:Michael Bloomberg 3635:Mohamed ElBaradei 3631:Nobel Peace Prize 3593:Patrick Dorismond 3415:Michael Bloomberg 3244:Michael Bloomberg 3240:George L. Kelling 3117:Robert J. McGuire 3033:Midwood, Brooklyn 2912:The Tipping Point 2791:April 12, 2022 – 2769:March 12, 2022 – 2764:transgender woman 2674:April 23, 2021 – 2654:March 27, 2020 – 2612:mistaken identity 2571:Portage, Michigan 2539:August 2, 2016 – 2533:drive-by shooting 2367:a 28-hour rampage 2349:Pakistani Taliban 2320:March 20, 2009 – 2308:Michael Bloomberg 2300:Russel Timoshenko 2292:March 14, 2007 – 2169:into the pier at 2130:April 24, 2003 – 2104:was shot dead in 2076:Patrick Dorismond 2074:March 16, 2000 – 2022:drive-by shooting 1926:Ali Forney Center 1818:Francis X. Livoti 1736:police misconduct 1715:March 11, 1992 – 1695:Anjelica Castillo 1691:Inwood, Manhattan 1652:, founder of the 1580:April 19, 1989 – 1569:Venus Xtravaganza 1385:Bellevue Hospital 1341:Allard Lowenstein 1144:LaGuardia Airport 1101:, the source for 1070:French Connection 1062:Dog Day Afternoon 975:homosexual rights 967:Greenwich Village 950:, founder of the 931:July 3, 1968 – A 858:Black nationalist 824:March 13, 1964 – 795:jailhouse lawyers 757:French Connection 645:March 28, 1937 – 638:and escalates to 603:1919 World Series 566:detective fiction 499:at what was then 486:Italian immigrant 264:William Havemeyer 165: 164: 14987: 14947: 14946: 14935: 14934: 14933: 14697:Farmers' markets 14399: 14228: 14219: 14212: 14205: 14196: 14195: 14073:Karmen, Andrew. 14044:New York History 13995: 13994: 13992: 13990: 13975: 13969: 13968: 13956: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13945: 13931: 13925: 13924: 13912: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13901: 13886: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13875: 13860: 13854: 13853: 13851: 13849: 13840:. Archived from 13830: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13801: 13792: 13791: 13789: 13787: 13782:. March 23, 2012 13770: 13764: 13763: 13761: 13759: 13741: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13725: 13711: 13705: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13674: 13659: 13653: 13652: 13650: 13648: 13639:. Archived from 13633: 13627: 13626: 13612: 13606: 13605: 13603: 13601: 13578: 13572: 13571: 13569: 13567: 13553: 13547: 13546: 13544: 13542: 13525: 13519: 13518: 13498: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13485: 13461: 13459: 13457: 13433: 13431: 13429: 13415:. pp. 11–. 13401: 13399: 13397: 13369: 13367: 13365: 13341: 13324: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13297:. pp. 29–. 13283: 13281: 13279: 13255: 13253: 13251: 13227: 13225: 13223: 13209:. pp. 68–. 13195: 13193: 13191: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13123: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13112: 13092: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13081: 13063: 13057: 13056: 13054: 13052: 13035: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13024: 12997: 12991: 12990: 12988: 12986: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12943: 12937: 12936: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12909: 12903: 12902: 12895: 12889: 12870: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12859: 12850:. Archived from 12837: 12828: 12810: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12794:on March 4, 2016 12783: 12777: 12762: 12756: 12749: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12738: 12716: 12710: 12693:Darien, Andrew. 12691: 12685: 12672: 12666: 12643: 12637: 12624: 12618: 12617: 12597: 12591: 12571: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12543: 12537: 12536: 12534: 12532: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12487: 12481: 12480: 12478: 12476: 12461: 12455: 12454: 12452: 12450: 12444: 12436: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12366: 12360: 12359: 12357: 12355: 12338: 12332: 12331: 12329: 12327: 12310: 12304: 12293: 12287: 12278:(San Francisco: 12268: 12262: 12258:Business Insider 12249: 12240: 12227: 12221: 12202: 12193: 12180: 12174: 12173: 12149: 12143: 12142: 12118: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12097: 12091: 12090: 12059: 12050: 12049: 12042: 12036: 12035: 12028: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12014: 12000: 11994: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11943: 11935: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11924: 11907: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11881: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11870: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11846: 11844: 11827: 11818: 11817: 11815: 11813: 11796: 11790: 11789: 11787: 11785: 11776: 11768: 11762: 11761: 11755: 11747: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11730: 11724:. Archived from 11723: 11715: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11704: 11695:. Archived from 11685:Walker, Hunter. 11682: 11676: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11654: 11559: 11558: 11551: 11504: 11503: 11491: 11485: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11457: 11451: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11431: 11425: 11424: 11410: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11399: 11382: 11376: 11363: 11357: 11354: 11345: 11334: 11328: 11317: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11290: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11279: 11270:. Archived from 11260:(May 16, 2011). 11254: 11248: 11235: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11201: 11195: 11194: 11187: 11181: 11180: 11173: 11167: 11166: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11138: 11132: 11131: 11117: 11108: 11107: 11093: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11082: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11049: 11043: 11042: 11040: 11038: 11029:. Archived from 11018: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11007: 10992: 10986: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10918: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10882: 10876: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10852: 10843: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10802: 10793: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10740:. Nobelprize.org 10734: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10704: 10698: 10683: 10677: 10670: 10664: 10650: 10644: 10630: 10624: 10619:Barrett, Wayne. 10617: 10611: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10580: 10562: 10556: 10541: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10524: 10518:. Archived from 10517: 10509: 10500: 10493: 10491: 10489: 10480:. Archived from 10470: 10464: 10451: 10445: 10432: 10426: 10416: 10410: 10397: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10386: 10380: 10374:. Archived from 10369: 10360: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10324: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10296: 10290: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10268: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10234: 10228: 10226: 10221: 10219: 10213: 10207:. Archived from 10202: 10193: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10182: 10167: 10158: 10145: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10127: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10101: 10099: 10084: 10078: 10077: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10057:on March 1, 2012 10056: 10049: 10041: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10030: 10025:on March 1, 2012 10024: 10017: 10009: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9998: 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9931: 9925: 9924: 9922: 9920: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9885:on March 1, 2012 9884: 9877: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9848: 9842: 9829: 9823: 9810:. Philadelphia: 9804: 9798: 9785: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9744: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9717: 9708: 9707: 9705: 9703: 9698:on June 28, 2011 9688: 9682: 9681: 9664:(4): 1217–1220. 9649: 9643: 9636: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9571: 9556: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9545: 9539: 9531:National Affairs 9528: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9491: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9464: 9458: 9449: 9443: 9434: 9428: 9419: 9413: 9404: 9398: 9389: 9383: 9374: 9368: 9361: 9355: 9346: 9340: 9339: 9336:RAND Corporation 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9307:. Archived from 9296: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9285: 9276:. Archived from 9265: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9245:. Archived from 9234: 9228: 9222: 9207: 9198:Associated Press 9190: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9164: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9148:on July 29, 2015 9144:. Archived from 9138: 9132: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9091: 9085: 9084: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9020: 9011: 9010: 9008: 9006: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8965: 8959: 8958: 8956: 8954: 8931: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8889:. August 5, 2022 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8853: 8847: 8846: 8844: 8842: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8749: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8723: 8717: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8688: 8686: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8656: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8618: 8603: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8550: 8541: 8540: 8538: 8536: 8521: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8417: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8406: 8386: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8360: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8349: 8338: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8327: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8294: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8268: 8262: 8261: 8255: 8253: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8220: 8201: 8195: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8167: 8161: 8160: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8109:. Archived from 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7972: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7943: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7915: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7859: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7848: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7727: 7718: 7717: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7682: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7653: 7647: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7625: 7619: 7618: 7605: 7599: 7598: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7564: 7558: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7491:. Archived from 7481: 7475: 7474: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7412:. Archived from 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7388: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7299: 7282: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7262:. Archived from 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7236:. Archived from 7223: 7217: 7216: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7079:. Archived from 7067: 7061: 7060: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7023: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7003:. Archived from 6997: 6991: 6990: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6881: 6875: 6874: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6763: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6704: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6664:. Archived from 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6562:. July 12, 1968. 6550: 6544: 6543: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6514:. April 12, 1967 6507: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6491:on May 15, 2008. 6487:. Archived from 6477: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6357:. July 5, 1940. 6345: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6334: 6325:. Archived from 6315: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6284: 6277: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6227: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6147:. Archived from 6137: 6131: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6095: 6084:Harper & Row 6076: 6067: 6066: 6048: 6042: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5953: 5943: 5932: 5931: 5919: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5905: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5864:(9): 1180–1202. 5853: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5782: 5773: 5772: 5760: 5750: 5741: 5740: 5722: 5713: 5712: 5705: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5484:Policing tactics 5474:Drug trafficking 5395:crime syndicates 5330:drug trafficking 5294: 5196:Five Points Gang 5113:Central Brooklyn 4940: 4936: 4899: 4895: 4873:The boroughs of 4854: 4847: 4841: 4838: 4832: 4829: 4763: 4762: 4506: 4505: 4249: 4248: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3936:demonstrations. 3869:lesser arrests. 3799: 3796: 3790: 3778: 3777: 3770: 3734:The election of 3709:Raymond W. Kelly 3545: 3504:Rudolph Giuliani 3484:Rudolph Giuliani 3411:Rudolph Giuliani 3211:. When in 1993, 3051:A New York City 2946:Rudolph Giuliani 2934:Arnold Rothstein 2907:Malcolm Gladwell 2870:March 5, 2024 - 2845:Lexington Avenue 2779:Washington, D.C. 2758:March 3, 2022 - 2707:Morningside Park 2642:Morningside Park 2606:neighborhood of 2590:June 20, 2018 – 2576:June 30, 2017 – 2467:July 17, 2014 – 2396:years in prison. 2379:July 31, 2012 – 2287:racial profiling 2283:police brutality 2234:July 25, 2006 – 2205:Peter Braunstein 2158:chambers of the 2146:July 23, 2003 – 2134:, a 21-year-old 2098:terrorist attack 2083:Flushing, Queens 2031:, a 26-year-old 2027:March 8, 1999 – 2011:racial profiling 2007:police brutality 1975:officers led by 1967:August 9, 1997– 1935:, a 69-year-old 1875:March 4, 1996 – 1866:murder and arson 1833: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1808:, a 29-year-old 1732:Rudolph Giuliani 1706:Yankel Rosenbaum 1662:El Sayyid Nosair 1615:neighborhood of 1574:Paris is Burning 1509:Michael Griffith 1421:June 12, 1985 – 1149:July 29, 1976 – 987:March 6, 1970 – 946:June 13, 1969 – 866:Audubon Ballroom 838:bystander effect 818:false confession 743:Albert Anastasia 688:Italian American 651:Long Island City 595:Arnold Rothstein 583:were suspected ( 551:June 11, 1920 – 491:June 25, 1906 – 335:1863 draft riots 31: 30: 14995: 14994: 14990: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14985: 14984: 14960: 14959: 14958: 14953: 14931: 14929: 14919: 14827:Prehistory-1664 14808: 14775: 14744:"Sixth borough" 14651: 14539: 14528:law enforcement 14496: 14443: 14434:(Queens County) 14400: 14391: 14272:ethnic enclaves 14243: 14230: 14226: 14223: 14190:Wayback Machine 14179: 14155:Wallace, Mike. 14131:(Penguin, 2021) 14004: 14002:Further reading 13999: 13998: 13988: 13986: 13977: 13976: 13972: 13957: 13953: 13943: 13941: 13933: 13932: 13928: 13913: 13909: 13899: 13897: 13888: 13887: 13883: 13873: 13871: 13861: 13857: 13847: 13845: 13832: 13831: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13803: 13802: 13795: 13785: 13783: 13772: 13771: 13767: 13757: 13755: 13742: 13733: 13723: 13721: 13713: 13712: 13708: 13698: 13696: 13687: 13686: 13682: 13672: 13670: 13661: 13660: 13656: 13646: 13644: 13635: 13634: 13630: 13613: 13609: 13599: 13597: 13595: 13579: 13575: 13565: 13563: 13555: 13554: 13550: 13540: 13538: 13526: 13522: 13515: 13499: 13495: 13483: 13481: 13479: 13464: 13455: 13453: 13451: 13436: 13427: 13425: 13423: 13404: 13395: 13393: 13391: 13372: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13344: 13329: 13325: 13321: 13309: 13307: 13305: 13286: 13277: 13275: 13273: 13258: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13230: 13221: 13219: 13217: 13198: 13189: 13187: 13185: 13166: 13162: 13158: 13148: 13146: 13144: 13124: 13120: 13110: 13108: 13094: 13093: 13089: 13079: 13077: 13067:"NYC Crime Map" 13065: 13064: 13060: 13050: 13048: 13036: 13032: 13022: 13020: 13018: 12998: 12994: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12964: 12960: 12945: 12944: 12940: 12925: 12924: 12920: 12911: 12910: 12906: 12897: 12896: 12892: 12882:Wayback Machine 12871: 12867: 12857: 12855: 12854:on May 14, 2007 12838: 12831: 12821:Wayback Machine 12811: 12807: 12797: 12795: 12784: 12780: 12774:Wayback Machine 12763: 12759: 12750: 12746: 12736: 12734: 12717: 12713: 12703:Wayback Machine 12692: 12688: 12673: 12669: 12655:Wayback Machine 12645:Jacoby, Tamar. 12644: 12640: 12625: 12621: 12614: 12606:. Basic Books. 12598: 12594: 12590:, June 3, 1996. 12582:Wayback Machine 12572: 12568: 12558: 12556: 12544: 12540: 12530: 12528: 12516: 12512: 12502: 12500: 12488: 12484: 12474: 12472: 12462: 12458: 12448: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12437: 12433: 12423: 12421: 12411: 12407: 12397: 12395: 12385: 12381: 12368: 12367: 12363: 12353: 12351: 12339: 12335: 12325: 12323: 12311: 12307: 12294: 12290: 12269: 12265: 12250: 12243: 12228: 12224: 12203: 12196: 12181: 12177: 12170: 12150: 12146: 12139: 12119: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12098: 12094: 12079: 12060: 12053: 12044: 12043: 12039: 12030: 12029: 12022: 12012: 12010: 12002: 12001: 11997: 11990: 11986: 11976: 11974: 11971:Eyewitness News 11965: 11964: 11960: 11950: 11948: 11941: 11937: 11936: 11932: 11922: 11920: 11908: 11904: 11894: 11892: 11882: 11878: 11868: 11866: 11856: 11852: 11842: 11840: 11828: 11821: 11811: 11809: 11797: 11793: 11783: 11781: 11774: 11770: 11769: 11765: 11753: 11749: 11748: 11744: 11734: 11732: 11728: 11721: 11717: 11716: 11712: 11702: 11700: 11683: 11679: 11669: 11667: 11656: 11655: 11562: 11553: 11552: 11507: 11492: 11488: 11476: 11472: 11459: 11458: 11454: 11444: 11442: 11432: 11428: 11411: 11407: 11397: 11395: 11384: 11383: 11379: 11364: 11360: 11355: 11348: 11335: 11331: 11318: 11314: 11304: 11302: 11291: 11287: 11277: 11275: 11255: 11251: 11236: 11232: 11222: 11220: 11202: 11198: 11189: 11188: 11184: 11175: 11174: 11170: 11161: 11160: 11156: 11139: 11135: 11118: 11111: 11094: 11090: 11080: 11078: 11077:on July 5, 2020 11065: 11064: 11060: 11051: 11050: 11046: 11036: 11034: 11019: 11015: 11005: 11003: 10994: 10993: 10989: 10983:Wayback Machine 10974: 10970: 10960: 10958: 10946: 10942: 10932: 10930: 10920: 10919: 10912: 10902: 10900: 10883: 10879: 10869: 10867: 10854: 10853: 10846: 10836: 10834: 10829: 10828: 10824: 10817: 10813: 10804: 10803: 10796: 10784: 10780: 10770: 10768: 10757: 10753: 10743: 10741: 10736: 10735: 10731: 10721: 10719: 10706: 10705: 10701: 10695:Wayback Machine 10684: 10680: 10671: 10667: 10661:Wayback Machine 10651: 10647: 10631: 10627: 10618: 10614: 10599: 10595: 10587: 10583: 10577:Wayback Machine 10563: 10559: 10553:Wayback Machine 10542: 10538: 10528: 10526: 10522: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10503: 10487: 10485: 10472: 10471: 10467: 10452: 10448: 10433: 10429: 10417: 10413: 10408:Wayback Machine 10398: 10394: 10384: 10382: 10378: 10367: 10361: 10357: 10347: 10345: 10325: 10321: 10311: 10309: 10297: 10293: 10283: 10281: 10269: 10262: 10252: 10250: 10235: 10231: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10200: 10194: 10190: 10180: 10178: 10168: 10161: 10146: 10135: 10125: 10123: 10111: 10107: 10097: 10095: 10086: 10085: 10081: 10074: 10070: 10060: 10058: 10054: 10047: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10028: 10026: 10022: 10015: 10011: 10010: 10006: 9996: 9994: 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9959: 9958: 9954: 9944: 9942: 9933: 9932: 9928: 9918: 9916: 9903: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9875: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9849: 9845: 9830: 9826: 9806:Wosh, Peter J. 9805: 9801: 9786: 9782: 9772: 9770: 9758: 9754: 9738: 9737: 9730: 9728: 9718: 9711: 9701: 9699: 9690: 9689: 9685: 9670:10.2307/1144255 9650: 9646: 9637: 9633: 9623: 9621: 9614:"Rudy Giuliani" 9612: 9611: 9607: 9597: 9595: 9583: 9579: 9569: 9567: 9558: 9557: 9553: 9543: 9541: 9537: 9526: 9520: 9516: 9506: 9504: 9492: 9488: 9478: 9476: 9465: 9461: 9450: 9446: 9435: 9431: 9420: 9416: 9405: 9401: 9390: 9386: 9375: 9371: 9362: 9358: 9347: 9343: 9328: 9324: 9314: 9312: 9297: 9293: 9283: 9281: 9266: 9262: 9252: 9250: 9235: 9231: 9223: 9210: 9191: 9187: 9177: 9175: 9165: 9161: 9151: 9149: 9140: 9139: 9135: 9118: 9114: 9104: 9102: 9092: 9088: 9073: 9069: 9059: 9057: 9047: 9043: 9033: 9031: 9021: 9014: 9004: 9002: 8993: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8973:www.cbsnews.com 8967: 8966: 8962: 8952: 8950: 8932: 8928: 8918: 8916: 8906: 8902: 8892: 8890: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8855: 8854: 8850: 8840: 8838: 8829: 8828: 8824: 8814: 8812: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8788: 8786: 8784:www.cbsnews.com 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8750: 8746: 8736: 8734: 8725: 8724: 8720: 8710: 8708: 8698: 8694: 8684: 8682: 8681:. March 2, 2022 8671: 8670: 8666: 8650: 8649: 8642: 8640: 8630: 8626: 8616: 8614: 8612:The Daily Beast 8604: 8600: 8590: 8588: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8551: 8544: 8534: 8532: 8530:Law & Crime 8522: 8518: 8508: 8506: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8444: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8418: 8414: 8404: 8402: 8387: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8361: 8357: 8347: 8345: 8340: 8339: 8335: 8325: 8323: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8303: 8301: 8296: 8295: 8291: 8281: 8279: 8269: 8265: 8251: 8249: 8236: 8235: 8231: 8218: 8216: 8203: 8202: 8198: 8188: 8186: 8168: 8164: 8149: 8145: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8105: 8104: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8065: 8063: 8053: 8049: 8039: 8037: 8027: 8023: 8013: 8011: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7973: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7930: 7928: 7916: 7912: 7902: 7900: 7888: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7860: 7856: 7846: 7844: 7834: 7830: 7820: 7818: 7808: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7783: 7782: 7778: 7768: 7766: 7756: 7752: 7742: 7740: 7728: 7721: 7704: 7700: 7683: 7679: 7669: 7667: 7654: 7650: 7640: 7638: 7626: 7622: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7585: 7581: 7566: 7565: 7561: 7550:Wayback Machine 7540: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7520:The Star-Ledger 7513: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7433: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7400: 7396: 7386: 7384: 7371: 7367: 7357: 7355: 7337: 7333: 7323: 7321: 7312: 7311: 7307: 7297: 7295: 7283: 7279: 7269: 7267: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7224: 7220: 7203: 7199: 7189: 7187: 7184:HonestReporting 7178: 7177: 7173: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7145: 7143: 7131: 7127: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7092: 7088: 7069: 7068: 7064: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7036: 7034: 7025: 7024: 7020: 7010: 7008: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6979: 6975: 6965: 6963: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6927: 6923: 6908: 6904: 6894: 6892: 6882: 6878: 6863: 6859: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6782: 6778: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6750: 6748: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6705: 6701: 6691: 6689: 6677: 6673: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6571: 6567: 6552: 6551: 6547: 6532: 6531: 6527: 6517: 6515: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6496: 6479: 6478: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6400: 6396: 6389:The Daily Beast 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6332: 6330: 6329:on May 19, 2005 6317: 6316: 6312: 6294: 6292: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6264: 6262: 6255: 6251: 6244: 6218: 6214: 6199: 6195: 6188: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6124:Wayback Machine 6114: 6110: 6102: 6098: 6077: 6070: 6049: 6045: 6035:. Chapel Hill: 6015:Wayback Machine 6000:Alfred A. Knopf 5981: 5977: 5970: 5944: 5935: 5920: 5913: 5903: 5901: 5889: 5885: 5854: 5850: 5842: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5723: 5716: 5707: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5621:in the case of 5607: 5601: 5589: 5583: 5577:assigned area. 5566:quality of life 5539: 5533: 5497: 5491: 5486: 5465:Upper Manhattan 5461: 5414:Lower East Side 5367: 5352:, residents of 5307: 5305:Crime in Harlem 5301: 5292: 5277:Upper West Side 5273:Upper East Side 5271:, Midtown, the 5269:Lower Manhattan 5262:Lower East Side 5258:Upper Manhattan 5213:(also known as 5200:organized crime 5188:Abraham Lincoln 5184:Charles Dickens 5167: 5115: 5094: 5017:a fiscal crisis 4981: 4871: 4866: 4858: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4758: 4501: 3990: 3988:Murders by year 3953: 3842: 3825: 3812:William Bratton 3800: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3732: 3694: 3647: 3581:Rudy Washington 3543: 3516:James Q. Wilson 3492: 3462: 3395: 3390: 3363:Christine Quinn 3314: 3308: 3297:Orthodox Jewish 3267: 3261: 3252: 3250:Shoving attacks 3145:IRT Pelham Line 3121:quality of life 3113:Sanford Garelik 3101:Guardian Angels 3045: 3021:Orthodox Jewish 2927: 2921: 2886: 2881: 2849:Nostrand Avenue 2760:Harvey Marcelin 2730:Chrystie Street 2651: 2638:Barnard College 2565:May 18, 2017 – 2416:Upper West Side 2335: 2315:Kathryn Faughey 2275:Jamaica, Queens 2268:Adrienne Shelly 2194:Rashawn Brazell 2186:Lower East Side 2182:Nicole duFresne 2113:Jamaica, Queens 2059: 2054: 1952:May 30, 1997 – 1830: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1783:Brooklyn Bridge 1626: 1511:is chased onto 1475:, and inspired 1449:Robert Chambers 1442:Paul Castellano 1404:Upper West Side 1392:Eleanor Bumpurs 1381:Michael Stewart 1336: 1304:Martin Scorsese 1265:members of the 1258:Lufthansa heist 1185:Carroll Gardens 1151:David Berkowitz 1129:Fraunces Tavern 1114:Jamaica, Queens 1089:Upper West Side 1046:Nation of Islam 984: 971:Stonewall riots 954:splinter group 952:Nation of Islam 909:Martin Scorsese 905:Lufthansa heist 870:Nation of Islam 814:Upper East Side 791:Jerry Rosenberg 752: 728:Arnold Schuster 701:Carmine Galante 653:home. Sculptor 647:Veronica Gedeon 592:Jewish gangster 533:July 4, 1914 – 449: 441: 414: 374:Abraham Lincoln 343: 337: 332: 319: 313: 292:was an upscale 287: 281: 276: 237:New York Herald 217:Organized crime 214: 209: 182:(NYPD) adopted 154: 153: 152: 149: 148: 99:Property crimes 12: 11: 5: 14993: 14983: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14955: 14954: 14952: 14951: 14941: 14924: 14921: 14920: 14918: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14906: 14905: 14892: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14869:1898 expansion 14866: 14861: 14856: 14855: 14854: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14818: 14816: 14810: 14809: 14807: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14785: 14783: 14777: 14776: 14774: 14773: 14772: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14740: 14739: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14718: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14699: 14694: 14693: 14692: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14661: 14659: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14649: 14648: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14611: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14580: 14579: 14578: 14576:Port Authority 14573: 14568: 14563: 14555: 14549: 14547: 14545:Transportation 14541: 14540: 14538: 14537: 14532: 14531: 14530: 14525: 14515: 14510: 14504: 14502: 14498: 14497: 14495: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14453: 14451: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14441: 14435: 14429: 14423: 14422:(Kings County) 14417: 14416:(Bronx County) 14410: 14408: 14402: 14401: 14394: 14392: 14390: 14389: 14388: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14369: 14368: 14367: 14357: 14356: 14355: 14350: 14348:food and water 14345: 14335: 14330: 14325: 14320: 14319: 14318: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14297: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14276: 14275: 14274: 14264: 14263: 14262: 14251: 14249: 14245: 14244: 14242: 14241: 14235: 14232: 14231: 14222: 14221: 14214: 14207: 14199: 14193: 14192: 14178: 14177:External links 14175: 14174: 14173: 14163: 14153: 14143: 14132: 14125: 14118: 14111: 14104: 14093: 14086: 14071: 14057: 14047: 14040: 14029: 14022: 14015: 14003: 14000: 13997: 13996: 13970: 13951: 13926: 13907: 13881: 13855: 13822: 13793: 13765: 13731: 13706: 13680: 13669:. May 15, 2012 13654: 13643:on May 7, 2014 13628: 13607: 13593: 13573: 13548: 13520: 13513: 13493: 13491: 13490: 13477: 13462: 13449: 13434: 13421: 13402: 13389: 13370: 13357: 13342: 13319: 13317: 13316: 13303: 13284: 13271: 13256: 13243: 13228: 13215: 13196: 13183: 13156: 13142: 13118: 13087: 13058: 13030: 13016: 13010:. p. 37. 12992: 12978: 12958: 12938: 12918: 12904: 12890: 12865: 12829: 12805: 12778: 12757: 12744: 12711: 12709:. Spring 2000. 12686: 12667: 12638: 12619: 12612: 12592: 12587:The New Yorker 12566: 12538: 12510: 12482: 12456: 12431: 12405: 12379: 12361: 12333: 12305: 12288: 12263: 12241: 12222: 12194: 12175: 12168: 12162:. p. 57. 12144: 12137: 12131:. p. 58. 12113: 12092: 12077: 12051: 12037: 12020: 11995: 11984: 11958: 11930: 11902: 11876: 11850: 11819: 11791: 11763: 11742: 11710: 11677: 11560: 11505: 11486: 11470: 11452: 11426: 11405: 11377: 11358: 11346: 11329: 11312: 11285: 11249: 11244:Gotham Gazette 11230: 11196: 11182: 11168: 11154: 11133: 11109: 11088: 11058: 11044: 11013: 10987: 10968: 10940: 10910: 10877: 10860:Sacramento Bee 10844: 10822: 10811: 10794: 10778: 10751: 10729: 10699: 10678: 10665: 10645: 10636:Oxford, 2006. 10625: 10612: 10593: 10581: 10557: 10536: 10501: 10465: 10446: 10427: 10411: 10392: 10355: 10319: 10291: 10260: 10247:Gotham Gazette 10238:Barrett, Wayne 10229: 10188: 10159: 10133: 10105: 10079: 10068: 10036: 10004: 9978: 9952: 9926: 9896: 9864: 9843: 9824: 9799: 9780: 9752: 9709: 9683: 9644: 9631: 9605: 9577: 9551: 9514: 9486: 9459: 9444: 9429: 9414: 9399: 9384: 9369: 9356: 9341: 9322: 9291: 9260: 9229: 9224:nycsubway.org— 9208: 9185: 9159: 9133: 9112: 9086: 9067: 9041: 9012: 9001:. May 24, 2022 8986: 8975:. May 24, 2022 8960: 8926: 8914:news.yahoo.com 8900: 8874: 8863:. June 3, 2022 8848: 8822: 8796: 8770: 8744: 8718: 8692: 8664: 8624: 8598: 8572: 8542: 8516: 8490: 8464: 8438: 8412: 8389:Sanchez, Ray. 8381: 8355: 8333: 8311: 8289: 8263: 8244:(in Chinese). 8229: 8196: 8162: 8143: 8124: 8098: 8073: 8047: 8021: 7995: 7964: 7938: 7910: 7882: 7854: 7828: 7802: 7776: 7764:Slate Magazine 7750: 7719: 7698: 7677: 7648: 7620: 7600: 7579: 7576:. May 1, 2010. 7559: 7534: 7523:. May 13, 2010 7506: 7476: 7455: 7427: 7394: 7365: 7331: 7305: 7277: 7251: 7218: 7197: 7171: 7153: 7125: 7107: 7086: 7062: 7044: 7018: 6992: 6973: 6947: 6921: 6902: 6876: 6857: 6836: 6804: 6776: 6758: 6727: 6699: 6671: 6647: 6621: 6593: 6565: 6545: 6525: 6494: 6472: 6450: 6422: 6394: 6375: 6340: 6310: 6291:. July 5, 1914 6272: 6261:. GangRule.com 6249: 6242: 6212: 6193: 6186: 6162: 6132: 6128:New York Press 6115:Bryk, William 6108: 6096: 6068: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6029: 6018: 6003: 5992: 5975: 5968: 5933: 5911: 5883: 5848: 5830: 5804: 5774: 5767: 5742: 5735: 5714: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5660: 5644: 5641: 5611:stop-and-frisk 5603:Main article: 5600: 5599:Stop-and-frisk 5597: 5585:Main article: 5582: 5579: 5535:Main article: 5532: 5529: 5511:on additional 5505:criminological 5493:Main article: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5469:crack epidemic 5460: 5457: 5366: 5363: 5303:Main article: 5300: 5297: 5166: 5163: 5114: 5111: 5093: 5090: 5057:crack epidemic 5046:Yankee Stadium 4980: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4955:Staten Island 4953: 4950: 4947: 4944: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4914:Staten Island 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4842: 4833: 4823: 4822: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4405: 4401: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4253: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4239: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4087: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4033: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4005: 4004: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3952: 3949: 3841: 3838: 3824: 3821: 3802: 3801: 3782: 3780: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3731: 3728: 3705:stop and frisk 3697:Bill de Blasio 3693: 3692:Bill de Blasio 3690: 3646: 3643: 3520:Broken Windows 3491: 3488: 3461: 3458: 3403:crack epidemic 3401:years, as the 3399:Edward I. Koch 3394: 3391: 3389: 3388:Administration 3386: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3310:Main article: 3307: 3304: 3290:Covenant House 3263:Main article: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3234:and author of 3197:transit police 3044: 3041: 3025:Mendel Epstein 3010:Flying Dragons 2923:Main article: 2920: 2917: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2868: 2864: 2841: 2837: 2834:Hunter College 2826: 2819: 2812: 2789: 2782: 2767: 2756: 2749: 2733: 2726: 2710: 2699: 2672: 2660: 2659: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2630: 2623: 2588: 2581: 2574: 2563: 2544: 2537: 2525: 2517: 2506: 2495: 2488: 2465: 2454:Menachem Stark 2450:Satmar Hasidic 2446: 2435: 2419: 2408: 2397: 2377: 2370: 2363: 2352: 2345:Faisal Shahzad 2338:May 1, 2010 – 2334: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2318: 2311: 2296: 2290: 2271: 2264: 2258: 2236:Jennifer Moore 2232: 2224: 2223:in March 2008. 2213:Nixzmary Brown 2209: 2201: 2190: 2178: 2163: 2152:James E. Davis 2144: 2136:Hunter College 2128: 2117:Jam Master Jay 2109: 2094: 2079: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2025: 2014: 1999: 1984:Kendra Webdale 1980: 1965: 1954:Jonathan Levin 1950: 1929: 1914: 1903: 1900:Andre Melendez 1888: 1873: 1858: 1847:Queens Village 1839: 1802: 1787:Ari Halberstam 1764: 1749: 1739: 1724: 1713: 1710:Lemrick Nelson 1698: 1683: 1672: 1665: 1646: 1634: 1631:Heriberto Seda 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1605: 1578: 1565: 1550: 1547:Lisa Steinberg 1543:Hedda Nussbaum 1541:and his lover 1539:Joel Steinberg 1535: 1520: 1501: 1490: 1477:an R.E.M. song 1457: 1445: 1434: 1419: 1412:Bernhard Goetz 1408: 1396: 1388: 1377: 1366: 1348: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1315: 1308:Hill's memoirs 1275:Tommy DeSimone 1254: 1235: 1192: 1181: 1162:Randolph Evans 1158: 1147: 1136: 1125: 1110: 1093:New Year's Eve 1081: 1066: 1057:Elizabeth Eden 1053:John Wojtowicz 1049: 1030: 1015: 1000: 983: 980: 979: 978: 959: 944: 935:immigrant and 929: 922: 919:Hill's memoirs 893:Tommy DeSimone 881: 878:Alice Crimmins 873: 854: 847: 826:Kitty Genovese 822: 806: 803:Albert Seedman 786: 751: 748: 747: 746: 739: 720: 708: 705:Bonanno family 680: 677:George Metesky 673: 662: 659:Stanford White 643: 632: 613: 606: 588: 573: 557:auction bridge 555:, a prominent 549: 546:Kykuit mansion 531: 520: 504: 493:Stanford White 489: 466:Barrel Murders 448: 445: 440: 437: 413: 410: 359:U. 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Congress 339:Main article: 336: 333: 331: 328: 321:The murder of 315:Main article: 312: 309: 283:Main article: 280: 277: 275: 272: 256:Common Council 213: 210: 208: 205: 197:gentrification 188:broken windows 172:crack epidemic 163: 162: 150: 144: 141: 140: 137: 131: 130: 127: 121: 120: 117: 111: 110: 107: 101: 100: 96: 95: 92: 86: 85: 82: 76: 75: 72: 66: 65: 62: 56: 55: 52: 46: 45: 44:Violent crimes 41: 40: 36: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14992: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14967: 14965: 14950: 14942: 14940: 14939: 14938: 14926: 14925: 14922: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14903: 14900: 14896: 14893: 14890: 14887: 14886: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14853: 14850: 14849: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14832:New Amsterdam 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14819: 14817: 14815: 14811: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14786: 14784: 14782: 14778: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14756: 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12277: 12273: 12267: 12260: 12259: 12254: 12248: 12246: 12238: 12237: 12232: 12226: 12219: 12215: 12214:Facts On File 12211: 12208:, Volume IX: 12207: 12201: 12199: 12191: 12190: 12185: 12179: 12171: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12156: 12148: 12140: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12125: 12117: 12102: 12096: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12074: 12070: 12069: 12064: 12058: 12056: 12047: 12041: 12033: 12027: 12025: 12009: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11988: 11972: 11968: 11962: 11947: 11940: 11934: 11919: 11918: 11913: 11906: 11891: 11887: 11880: 11865: 11861: 11854: 11839: 11838: 11833: 11826: 11824: 11808: 11807: 11802: 11795: 11784:September 29, 11780: 11773: 11767: 11759: 11752: 11746: 11735:September 17, 11727: 11720: 11714: 11698: 11694: 11693: 11688: 11681: 11665: 11664: 11659: 11653: 11651: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11643: 11641: 11639: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11631: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11619: 11617: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11609: 11607: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11599: 11597: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11589: 11587: 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May 1, 2022 8810: 8809:ABC7 New York 8806: 8800: 8785: 8781: 8774: 8759: 8755: 8748: 8732: 8728: 8722: 8707: 8703: 8696: 8680: 8679: 8674: 8668: 8660: 8654: 8639: 8635: 8628: 8613: 8609: 8602: 8587: 8586:ABC7 New York 8583: 8576: 8560: 8556: 8549: 8547: 8531: 8527: 8520: 8505: 8504:New York Post 8501: 8494: 8479: 8475: 8468: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8427: 8423: 8416: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8385: 8370: 8366: 8359: 8343: 8337: 8321: 8315: 8299: 8293: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8233: 8226: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8200: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8173: 8166: 8158: 8154: 8147: 8139: 8135: 8128: 8117:September 29, 8112: 8108: 8102: 8087: 8083: 8077: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8036: 8032: 8025: 8009: 8008:Reappropriate 8005: 7999: 7984: 7983: 7982:New York Post 7978: 7971: 7969: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7927: 7926: 7921: 7914: 7899: 7898: 7897:New York Post 7893: 7886: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7858: 7843: 7839: 7832: 7817: 7813: 7806: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7765: 7761: 7754: 7739: 7738: 7733: 7726: 7724: 7715: 7714: 7709: 7702: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7681: 7665: 7664: 7659: 7652: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7624: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7604: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7583: 7575: 7574: 7569: 7563: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7480: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7459: 7444: 7443: 7438: 7431: 7415: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7398: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7369: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7335: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7281: 7265: 7261: 7255: 7239: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7222: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7201: 7190:September 24, 7185: 7181: 7175: 7167: 7163: 7157: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7129: 7121: 7117: 7111: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7077: 7072: 7066: 7058: 7054: 7048: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6988: 6984: 6977: 6962: 6958: 6951: 6936: 6932: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6906: 6891: 6887: 6880: 6872: 6868: 6861: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6840: 6825: 6824: 6819: 6817: 6808: 6793: 6792: 6791:New York Post 6787: 6780: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6747: 6746: 6741: 6737: 6731: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6667: 6663: 6662: 6657: 6651: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6610: 6609: 6604: 6597: 6586:September 11, 6582: 6581: 6576: 6569: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6549: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6513: 6512: 6504: 6498: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6476: 6461:. Evesmag.com 6460: 6454: 6439: 6438: 6433: 6426: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6398: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6314: 6307: 6304: 6290: 6289: 6283: 6276: 6260: 6253: 6245: 6243:9780801427541 6239: 6235: 6231: 6226: 6225: 6216: 6208: 6204: 6197: 6189: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6166: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6112: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6092:0-06-093716-5 6089: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6073: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6047: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5971: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5952: 5951: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5916: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5891:Drum, Kevin. 5887: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5841: 5834: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5793:. Rome, Italy 5792: 5788: 5781: 5779: 5770: 5764: 5761:. NYU Press. 5759: 5758: 5749: 5747: 5738: 5732: 5728: 5721: 5719: 5710: 5704: 5700: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5672: 5666: 5661: 5658: 5647: 5640: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5624:Terry v. Ohio 5620: 5614: 5612: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5588: 5578: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5466: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5429: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5415: 5411: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5342:violent crime 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5296: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5227:Lucky Luciano 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5107: 5106:East New York 5103: 5099: 5089: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5042: 5041:Howard Cosell 5036: 5034: 5033:home invasion 5030: 5029:domino effect 5027:. This had a 5026: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5010: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4985: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4894: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4879:Staten Island 4876: 4861: 4852: 4846: 4837: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4796: 4789: 4788: 4781: 4780: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4748: 4747: 4740: 4739: 4732: 4731: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4715: 4708: 4707: 4700: 4699: 4692: 4691: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4675: 4668: 4667: 4660: 4659: 4652: 4651: 4644: 4643: 4636: 4635: 4628: 4627: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4604: 4603: 4596: 4595: 4588: 4587: 4580: 4579: 4572: 4571: 4564: 4563: 4556: 4555: 4548: 4547: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4491: 4490: 4483: 4482: 4475: 4474: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4458: 4451: 4450: 4443: 4442: 4435: 4434: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4418: 4411: 4410: 4403: 4402: 4395: 4394: 4387: 4386: 4379: 4378: 4371: 4370: 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3715: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3689: 3685: 3683: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3667:Thomas Menino 3662: 3660: 3651: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3627: 3625: 3620: 3618: 3612: 3610: 3609:David Dinkins 3604: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3589:Amadou Diallo 3586: 3582: 3572: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3544:$ 600 million 3541: 3537: 3536:Javits Center 3533: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3498:Rudy Giuliani 3496: 3490:Rudy Giuliani 3487: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3468:David Dinkins 3466: 3460:David Dinkins 3457: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3436:Steven Levitt 3431: 3428: 3424: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407:David Dinkins 3404: 3400: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3313: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3288:, founder of 3287: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3275:denominations 3272: 3266: 3256: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3216:Rudy Giuliani 3214: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3072:Robert Wagner 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059:Crime on the 3054: 3049: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3006:Ghost Shadows 3003: 2999: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2988:Rikers Island 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2951: 2950:Five Families 2947: 2943: 2942:Lucky Luciano 2939: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2919:Gang violence 2916: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899:Steven Dubner 2896: 2895:Steven Levitt 2892: 2891: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2809:smoke grenade 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2653: 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2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2102:Henryk Siwiak 2099: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2052:21st century 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2033:social worker 2030: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1992:schizophrenia 1989: 1985: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1933:Abu Ali Kamal 1930: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609:Yusuf Hawkins 1606: 1601: 1597: 1594:The Reverend 1592: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1562:Ronald Reagan 1559: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1528:Staten Island 1525: 1524:Down syndrome 1521: 1518: 1514: 1513:Shore Parkway 1510: 1506: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1374:Puck Building 1371: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1312:Vincent Asaro 1309: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1294: 1293:The Big Heist 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1251:Hotel Chelsea 1248: 1247:Nancy Spungen 1244: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1203:Village Voice 1199: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166:Cypress Hills 1163: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1085:Roseann Quinn 1082: 1079: 1078:Anthony Casso 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 998: 994: 990: 986: 985: 976: 972: 968: 964: 963:Stonewall Inn 960: 957: 953: 949: 945: 942: 938: 934: 930: 927: 923: 920: 916: 915: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 879: 874: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 852: 848: 845: 844: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 784: 780: 776: 775: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 753: 744: 740: 737: 733: 729: 725: 724:Willie Sutton 721: 717: 713: 709: 706: 702: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 678: 674: 671: 667: 663: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 641: 637: 633: 630: 626: 625:Christmas Eve 622: 618: 614: 611: 607: 604: 600: 596: 593: 589: 586: 582: 578: 574: 571: 567: 564:sub-genre of 563: 558: 554: 550: 547: 544: 540: 536: 532: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 450: 444: 439:20th century 436: 434: 430: 425: 423: 419: 416:In 1870, the 409: 407: 402: 398: 394: 390: 385: 383: 379: 375: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 355:New York City 352: 348: 342: 327: 324: 318: 308: 306: 302: 298: 295: 294:New York City 291: 286: 271: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 247: 243: 239: 238: 234:In 1835, the 232: 230: 227:gangs in the 226: 222: 221:Forty Thieves 218: 204: 203:in children. 202: 198: 194: 189: 185: 181: 176: 173: 169: 161: 157: 147: 142: 138: 136: 132: 128: 126: 122: 118: 116: 115:Larceny-theft 112: 108: 106: 102: 97: 93: 91: 87: 83: 81: 77: 73: 71: 67: 63: 61: 57: 53: 51: 47: 42: 37: 34:New York City 32: 29: 24: 20: 16: 14928: 14927: 14915:Tammany Hall 14884:1978–present 14799:High schools 14522: 14371:Directories 14360:Demographics 14279:Architecture 14166: 14156: 14146: 14135: 14128: 14121: 14114: 14107: 14096: 14089: 14074: 14060: 14050: 14043: 14032: 14025: 14018: 14008: 13989:December 20, 13987:. 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Wool 386: 371: 344: 320: 290:Helen Jewett 288: 285:Helen Jewett 252:Peter Cooper 250: 246:Helen Jewett 235: 233: 225:Roach Guards 215: 212:19th century 177: 167: 166: 155: 145: 28: 15: 14343:environment 14294:skyscrapers 14067:; also see 14065:online book 13965:Dorf on Law 13921:Dorf on Law 13900:October 31, 13600:October 30, 13071:www.nyc.gov 12847:Smithsonian 12813:"Al Capone" 12737:January 24, 12559:December 9, 12531:February 4, 12503:February 4, 12497:AM New York 12326:January 17, 12280:Jossey–Bass 12212:(New York: 11951:January 17, 11923:January 12, 11895:January 11, 11869:January 18, 11812:January 14, 11758:www.nyc.gov 11278:December 9, 11037:January 15, 10771:October 30, 10529:December 5, 10488:October 24, 10385:December 5, 10348:October 24, 10344:. p. 8 10332:Fisher, Ian 10284:October 26, 9997:December 5, 9971:October 18, 9945:October 18, 9919:October 19, 9889:October 18, 9284:January 24, 9105:January 18, 8561:. p. 1 8452:Nikkei Asia 8405:January 19, 8374:January 22, 8252:January 16, 8219:January 16, 8091:November 6, 7931:December 4, 7420:December 9, 7324:December 9, 7270:February 9, 7011:February 9, 6720:December 1, 6061:. pp. 5958:. pp. 5564:reduction, 5437:Vietnam War 5399:street gang 5354:East Harlem 5281:East Harlem 5215:Cosa Nostra 5176:Five Points 5098:Brownsville 4993:South Bronx 3915:Adam Serwer 3597:New Yorkers 3482:, at which 3480:police riot 3449:Roe v. Wade 3085:Westchester 3075:the press. 2992:Latin Kings 2984:Los Angeles 2816:Forest Park 2688:East Harlem 2521:Brian Moore 2516:, Brooklyn. 2499:Akai Gurley 2469:Eric Garner 2358:section of 2089:restaurant 2029:Amy Watkins 1988:23rd Street 1958:Time Warner 1937:Palestinian 1922:transgender 1721:Cali cartel 1650:Meir Kahane 1613:Bensonhurst 1600:Bensonhurst 1596:Al Sharpton 1517:Al Sharpton 1494:Larry Davis 1355:John Lennon 1284:Jimmy Burke 1243:Sex Pistols 1239:Sid Vicious 1214:, a former 1208:Arthur Bell 917:, based on 830:Kew Gardens 779:Robin Moore 512:Franz Sigel 508:Elsie Sigel 447:1900s–1950s 412:Other riots 401:Martial law 323:Mary Rogers 317:Mary Rogers 299:whose 1836 229:Five Points 14964:Categories 14910:Moving Day 14701:Libraries 14566:former BOT 14449:Government 12525:Daily News 12160:SUNY Press 12129:SUNY Press 11977:January 5, 11917:Daily News 11772:"CompStat" 11719:"CompStat" 11445:August 30, 11027:Daily News 10543:Saxakali, 9909:Daily News 9838:Daily News 9454:Daily News 9439:Daily News 9424:Daily News 9409:Daily News 9394:Daily News 9379:Daily News 9351:Daily News 7666:. 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In 2014 1299:GoodFellas 1271:Henry Hill 1155:Son of Sam 1153:(aka the " 1074:cornstarch 993:Weathermen 914:GoodFellas 897:Air France 889:Henry Hill 765:Eddie Egan 714:erupts in 581:Anarchists 372:President 297:prostitute 260:nightwatch 14879:1946–1977 14874:1898–1945 14852:Civil War 14847:1855–1897 14842:1784–1854 14837:1665–1783 14781:Education 14764:landmarks 14737:Big Apple 14732:Nicknames 14557:Entities 14508:Hospitals 14462:Elections 14426:Manhattan 14414:The Bronx 14380:Manhattan 14323:Geography 14316:companies 14289:monuments 14103:pp 72–95. 13874:March 29, 13848:March 29, 13815:March 20, 13786:March 29, 13758:March 29, 13647:April 30, 13106:0024-3019 13080:March 21, 12798:April 29, 12398:March 27, 12301:pp. 49–50 12282:, 2005), 12216:, 2009), 11223:March 29, 11218:0362-4331 11071:Gothamist 11006:April 29, 10933:August 2, 10837:April 29, 10712:The Local 9814:, 2005. 9315:March 27, 9152:April 29, 8948:0362-4331 8893:August 5, 8763:April 21, 8737:March 28, 8711:March 14, 8706:USA TODAY 8685:March 28, 8348:March 18, 8326:March 18, 8304:March 18, 8184:0362-4331 7842:The Hindu 7816:The Hindu 7387:April 22, 7353:0362-4331 7244:April 27, 6751:April 22, 6518:April 25, 6465:April 29, 6443:April 25, 6363:0362-4331 6333:April 29, 5956:NYU Press 5928:Owl Books 5904:April 29, 5878:144755930 5845:(Report). 5823:April 24, 5797:April 17, 5574:map crime 5550:Six Sigma 5525:vandalism 5509:vandalism 5445:Cantonese 5435:from the 5425:Fuzhouese 5421:Cantonese 5371:Chinatown 5365:Chinatown 5318:Manhattan 5254:the Bronx 5207:Al Capone 5165:Manhattan 5144:political 5025:squatters 4979:The Bronx 4949:Manhattan 4943:The Bronx 4908:Manhattan 4902:The Bronx 4891:Manhattan 4887:The Bronx 4079:1937–1938 3945:Sean Bell 3848:Ray Kelly 3840:Ray Kelly 3831:Lee Brown 3823:Lee Brown 3617:Ray Kelly 3560:In 1996, 3359:Ray Kelly 3053:1 service 2982:gangs of 2775:Manhattan 2753:Manhattan 2608:the Bronx 2596:Dominican 2477:asthmatic 2473:chokehold 2425:, at the 2279:Sean Bell 2254:Sean Bell 2244:Weehawken 2196:, 19, of 2156:City Hall 1799:West Bank 1776:Lubavitch 1680:FDR Drive 1676:Arohn Kee 1498:the Bronx 1319:Etan Patz 1206:reporter 1120:'s song " 1105:starring 1027:Bob Dylan 1019:Joe Gallo 997:nail bomb 977:movement. 933:Bulgarian 862:Malcolm X 799:perp walk 719:arrested. 712:race riot 696:Stalinism 631:persists. 543:Tarrytown 516:Chinatown 482:perp walk 305:acquittal 14949:Category 14822:Timeline 14804:Colleges 14705:Brooklyn 14630:Airports 14482:Politics 14420:Brooklyn 14406:Boroughs 14375:Brooklyn 14284:Art Deco 14260:timeline 14248:By topic 14186:Archived 13939:ABC News 13779:CBS News 13754:. London 13484:July 25, 13456:July 25, 13428:July 25, 13396:July 25, 13364:July 25, 13310:July 25, 13278:July 25, 13250:July 25, 13222:July 25, 13190:July 25, 13149:July 25, 13111:July 25, 13051:June 15, 13023:June 14, 12985:June 14, 12878:Archived 12817:Archived 12770:Archived 12731:Archived 12699:Archived 12651:Archived 12578:Archived 12218:pp 68–70 12065:(1974). 12013:July 15, 11663:New York 11325:CBS News 11305:March 7, 10979:Archived 10961:June 21, 10744:June 12, 10691:Archived 10657:Archived 10573:Archived 10549:Archived 10404:Archived 10176:NBC News 9794:New York 9741:cite web 9624:July 15, 9564:Archived 9100:ABC News 9005:July 18, 8979:July 18, 8835:FOX 5 NY 8653:cite web 8643:July 18, 8565:March 2, 8426:NBC News 8399:Archived 8369:FOX 5 NY 8246:Archived 8242:Ming Pao 8213:Archived 8209:NBC News 8189:July 18, 8138:NBC News 8086:ABC News 8066:July 17, 8061:FOX 5 NY 8035:NBC News 7903:April 2, 7875:April 2, 7789:CBS News 7670:June 21, 7641:July 13, 7546:Archived 7358:July 18, 6692:April 9, 6635:The City 6303:I. 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