Crawley - Knowledge

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people could settle. The Development Corporation wanted the new town to support a large and mixed industrial base, with factories and other buildings based in a single zone rather than spread throughout the town. A 267-acre (108 ha) site in the northeastern part of the development area was chosen. Its advantages included flat land with no existing development; proximity to the London–Brighton railway line, the A23 and the planned M23; space for railway sidings (which were eventually built on a much smaller scale than envisaged); and an adjacent 44-acre (18 ha) site reserved for future expansion, on the other side of the railway line (again, not used for this purpose in the end).

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shopping area on the mostly undeveloped land east of the High Street and north of the railway line. The Broadwalk and its 23 shops were built in 1954, followed by the Queen's Square complex and surrounding streets in the mid-1950s. Queen's Square, a pedestrianised plaza surrounded by large shops and linked to the High Street by The Broadwalk, was officially opened in 1958 by Queen Elizabeth II. The town centre was completed by 1960, by which time Crawley was already recognised as an important regional, rather than merely local, shopping centre.

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Street on land formerly occupied by Robinson Road (which was demolished) and Spencers Road (shortened and severed at one end). An ASDA superstore, opened in September 2003, forms the centrepiece. Robinson Road, previously named Church Road, had been at the heart of the old Crawley: a century before its demolition, its buildings included two chapels, a school, a hospital and a post office.

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be undertaken. One year after Manor Royal was opened, eighteen firms were trading there, including four with more than 100 employees and one with more than 1,000. By 1964, businesses which had moved to the town since 1950 employed 16,000 people; the master plan had anticipated between 8,000 and 8,500. In 1978 there were 105 such firms, employing nearly 20,000 people.

4254:. A coach station was opened by Southdown in 1931 on the A23 at County Oak, near Lowfield Heath: it was a regular stopping point for express coaches between London and towns on the Sussex coast. This traffic started to serve Gatwick when the airport began to grow, however. When the National Bus Company was broken up, local services were provided by the new 2559:'s intention was for neighbourhood shops to cater only to basic needs, and for the town centre to be used for most shopping requirements. The number of shop units provided in the neighbourhood parades reflected this: despite the master plan making provision for at least 20 shops in each neighbourhood, the number actually built ranged from 19 in the outlying 2523: 4078:(Junction 10) and Maidenbower (area of Crawley) (Junction 10A). The end of the motorway at Pease Pottage is Junction 11. The A2011, another dual-carriageway, joins the A23 in West Green and provides a link, via the A2004, to the town centre. The A2220 follows the former route of the A264 through the town, linking the A23 directly to the A264 at 5015: 1959:, an area of highly variable terrain so that many microclimates of frost hollows, sun traps and windswept hilltops will be encountered over a short distance. During calm, clear periods of weather this allows for some interesting temperature variations, although most of the time, when mobile westerly airstreams persist, the weather is typically 10301: 1987:, set on 10 August 2003. The absolute record for Gatwick is the aforementioned 36.4C. Before this, the highest temperature recorded at Gatwick was 35.6C (96.1F), also in August 2003. The maximum temperature was 25.1C (77.2F) or higher on 15.9 days of the year on average (1971–00) and the warmest day will typically rise to 29.4C (84.9F). 4513:", which came to refer specifically to the expanse of wooded land, south of the town centre, in which the theatre was built.) Crawley's earliest cinema, the Imperial Picture House on Brighton Road, lasted from 1909 until the 1940s; the Embassy Cinema on the High Street (opened in 1938) replaced it. A large 4524:

Each neighbourhood has self-contained recreational areas, and there are other larger parks throughout the town. The Memorial Gardens, on the eastern side of Queen's Square, feature art displays, children's play areas and lawns, and a plaque commemorating those who died in two Second World War bombing

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Even before the new town was planned, Crawley was a retail centre for the surrounding area: there were 177 shops in the town in 1948, 99 of which were on the High Street. Early new town residents relied on these shopping facilities until the Corporation implemented the master plan's designs for a new

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estate, with its space, proximity to Gatwick Airport and good transport links, attracted airport-related services such as logistics, catering, distribution and warehousing; and the corporation and private companies built offices throughout the town. Office floorspace in the town increased from 55,000

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The new town's original leisure centre was in Haslett Avenue in the Three Bridges neighbourhood. Building work started in the early 1960s, and a large swimming pool opened in 1964. The site was extended to include an athletics arena by 1967, and an additional large sports hall was opened by the town

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The provision of public services was made in co-operation with the local authorities as the town grew in the 1950s and 1960s. They oversaw the opening of a fire station in 1958, the telephone exchange, police station and town centre health clinic in 1961 and an ambulance station in 1963. Plans for a

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Despite the lack of direct incentives, many firms applied to move to the Manor Royal estate: it was considered such an attractive place to relocate to that the Development Corporation was able to choose between applicants to achieve the ideal mix of firms, and little advertising or promotion had to

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Since the Second World War, unemployment in Crawley has been low: the rate was 1.47% of the working-age population in 2003. During the boom of the 1980s the town boasted the lowest level of unemployment in the UK. Continuous growth and investment have made Crawley one of the most important business

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intended to develop it as a centre for manufacturing and light engineering, with an industrial zone. The rapid growth of Gatwick Airport provided opportunities for businesses in the aviation, transport, warehousing and distribution industries. The significance of the airport to local employment and

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made little provision for the arts in the plans for the new town, and a proposed arts venue in the town centre was never built. Neighbourhood community centres and the Tilgate Forest Recreational Centre were used for some cultural activities, but it was not until 1988 that the town had a dedicated

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was provided next to Crawley High Street from that date. A new station was constructed slightly to the east, in conjunction with the Overline House commercial development, and replaced the original station which closed on 28 July 1968. The ticket office and Up (London-bound) platform waiting areas

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should be developed, rather than allowing one sector or firm to dominate. It did not seek to attract companies by offering financial or other incentives; instead, it set out to create the ideal conditions for industrial development to arise naturally, by providing large plots of land with room for

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Industrial development had to take place relatively soon after the new town was established because part of the corporation's remit was to move people and jobs out of an overcrowded and war-damaged London. Industrial jobs were needed as well as houses and shops to create a balanced community where

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Crawley was already a modest industrial centre by the end of the Second World War. Building was an important trade: 800 people were employed by building and joinery firms, and two—Longley's and Cook's—were large enough to have their own factories. In 1949, 1,529 people worked in manufacturing: the

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Expectations of the eventual population of the town were revised upwards several times. The 1949 master plan had allowed for 50,000 people, but this was amended to 55,000 in 1956 after the Development Corporation had successfully resisted pressure from the Minister for Town and Country Planning to

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and associated grounds and outbuildings, were split up into smaller plots of land, attracting haphazard housing development and small farms. By the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 Crawley had grown into a small but prosperous town, serving a wide rural area and those passing through on the

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are responsible for the rail network. The borough is the police headquarters for the West Sussex division, and is itself divided into three areas for the purposes of neighbourhood policing: Crawley East, Crawley West, and Crawley Town Centre. A separate division covers Gatwick Airport. There is a

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Work began almost immediately to prepare for the expansion of the town. A full master plan was in place by 1949. This envisaged an increase in the population of the town to 50,000, residential properties in nine neighbourhoods radiating from the town centre, and a separate industrial area to the

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A regeneration strategy for the town centre, "Centre Vision 2000", was produced in 1993. Changes brought about by the scheme have included 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) of additional retail space in Queen's Square and The Martlets, and a mixed-use development at the southern end of the High

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By April 1960, when Thomas Bennett made his last presentation as chairman of the Development Corporation, the town's population had reached 51,700; 2,289,000 square feet (212,700 m) of the factory and other industrial space had been provided; 21,800 people were employed, nearly 60% of whom

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were opened (the Tesco superstore was the largest in Britain at the time). The shopping area was also expanded southeastwards from Queen's Square: although the original plans of 1975 were not implemented fully, several large shop units were built and a new pedestrianised link—The Martlets—was

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worked in manufacturing industries, and only seventy people were registered as unemployed. The corporation had built 10,254 houses, and private builders provided around 1,500 more. Tenants were by then permitted to buy their houses and 440 householders had chosen to do so by April 1960.

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London–Brighton road. Three-quarters of the population had piped water supplies, all businesses and homes had electricity, and piped gas and street lighting had been in place for 50 years. An airfield was opened in 1930 on land near the racecourse. This was a private concern until the

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provided between Queen's Square and Haslett Avenue, the main road to Three Bridges. The remaining land between this area and the railway line was sold for private development by 1982; in 1992 a 450,000 square feet (41,800 m) shopping centre named County Mall and anchored by an

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Sunshine totals in Crawley are higher than many inland areas due to its southerly location: Gatwick averaged 1,574 hours per year over 1961–90. No data is available for 1971 to 2000, but given increases at comparable sites nearby, annual averages are likely to be over 1,600 hours.

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status a modified coat of arms, based on the original, was awarded in 1976 and presented to the council on 24 March 1977. It features a central cross on a shield, representing the town's location at the meeting point of north–south and east–west roads. The shield bears nine

12245: 8177: 776:. c. 68) designated Crawley as the site of one of these. A master plan was developed for the establishment of new residential, commercial, industrial and civic areas, and rapid development greatly increased the size and population of the town over a few decades. 4559:

Crawley Museum is based in the town centre. Stone Age and Bronze Age remains discovered in the area are on display, as well as more recent artefacts including parts of Vine Cottage, an old timber-framed building on the High Street which was once home to former

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settlers named the area Crow's Leah—meaning a crow-infested clearing, or Crow's Wood. This name evolved over time, and the present spelling appeared by the early 14th century. By this time, nearby settlements were more established: the Saxon church at

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had been asked to take part in a 1,500-metre race as part of the opening celebrations, but her invitation was withdrawn at short notice because of concerns raised by council members about possible "political connotations and anti-apartheid demonstrators".

1551:. The authority is divided into 13 wards, each of which is represented by two or three local councillors, forming a total council of 36 members. Most wards are coterminous with the borough's neighbourhoods, but three neighbourhoods are divided: 914:

house dating from the 15th century, expanded to become a large coaching inn, taking over adjacent buildings. Eventually an annexe had to be built in the middle of the wide High Street; this survived until the 1930s. The original building has become the

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new hospital on land at The Hawth were abandoned, however, and the existing hospital in West Green was redeveloped instead. Gas was piped from Croydon, 20 miles (32 km) away, and a gasworks at Redhill, while the town's water supply came from the

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base, and returned to civil use in 1946. There were proposals to close the airport in the late 1940s, but in 1950 the government announced that it was to be developed as London's second airport. It was closed between 1956 and 1958 for rebuilding.

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The London–Brighton turnpike ran through the centre of Crawley, forming the High Street and Station Road. When Britain's major roads were classified by the British government's Ministry of Transport between 1919 and 1923, it was given the number

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Each of the 14 residential neighbourhoods is identified by a colour, which is shown on street name signs in a standard format throughout the town: below the street name, the neighbourhood name is shown in white text on a coloured background.

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Eric Walter Pasold and Alderman James Marshall. A court challenge to the designation order meant that plans were not officially confirmed until December 1947. By this time, an initial plan for the development of the area had been drawn up by

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neighbourhood, as being suitable for another new neighbourhood, and work began in 1986. However, all of this development was undertaken privately, unlike the earlier neighbourhoods in which most of the housing was owned by the council.

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as well as over 80 smaller outlets. The town's main bus station was redesigned, roads including the main A2220 Haslett Avenue were rerouted, and some buildings at the south end of The Martlets were demolished to accommodate the mall.

8982:. Retrieved on 2 January 2011. "TUI UK Limited ("TUI UK") trades under a number of brands including Thomson, and has its Registered Office at TUI Travel House, Crawley Business Quarter, Fleming Way, Crawley, West Sussex, RH10 9QL." 7996: 7956: 8367: 12261: 8482: 8185: 8105: 6226: 4714:

There is also a primary / secondary School called The Gatwick School, which is a Free School that opened in 2014. It currently has 4 years, R, 1, 7 and 8. The schools at Ifield and Thomas Bennett are also bases for the

3277:. The growth in population of the new town (around 1,000% between 1951 and 2001) has outstripped that of most similar-sized settlements. For example, in the same period, the population of the neighbouring district of 2546:

There are 14 residential neighbourhoods, each with a variety of housing types: terraced, semi-detached and detached houses, low-rise flats and bungalows. There are no residential tower blocks, apart from the 8-storey

4752:. Opened in 1958 as Crawley Technical College, it merged with other local colleges to form the new institute in August 2005. The college also provides higher education courses in partnership with the universities at 8852: 1275:

was begun in 1974, although development there was slow. The two neighbourhoods were both larger than the original nine: together, their proposed population was 23,000. Work also took place in the area now known as

6620: 930:, between the High Street and the Broadway. It is said to have 13th-century origins, but there has been much rebuilding (especially in the 19th century) and the oldest part remaining is the south wall of the 2555:. Many houses have their own gardens and are set back from roads. The hub of each neighbourhood is a shopping parade, community centre and church, and each has a school and recreational open spaces as well. 8637: 1963:

like the rest of the British Isles. Gatwick is the nearest weather station that publishes long-term averages that give an accurate description of the climate of the Crawley area, although more recently the

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on many aspects of development; but in 1978 many of the commission's assets, such as housing and parks, were surrendered to the council. The authority's boundaries were extended in 1983 to accommodate the

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transmitter on 1521 AM closed and listeners were advised to retune to 1548 AM (Gold London) or 1323 AM (Gold Sussex). Local BBC radio was provided by BBC Radio Sussex from 1983; this became part of

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Extended shopping facilities to the east of the existing high street were provided. The first stage to open was The Broadwalk in 1954, following by the opening of the Queen's Square development by

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became safer and quicker, and Crawley (located approximately halfway between the two) prospered as a coaching halt. By 1839 it offered almost an hourly service to both destinations. The George, a

11090: 9002:." Thomson Airways. Retrieved on 4 February 2011."Both Thomson Airways and TUI UK Limited have their Registered Office at TUI Travel House, Crawley Business Quarter, Fleming Way, Crawley RH10 9QL" 4348:, at which proposals for additional facilities and runways were considered. It was agreed that there would be no further expansion at Gatwick unless it became impossible to meet growth targets at 1998:

fell to −11.2C (11.8F) and Gatwick −11.1C (12.0F) on 20 December 2010. Typically the coldest night at Gatwick will fall to −8.9C (16.0F). Air frost is recorded on 58.2 nights at Gatwick (1971–00)

9155: 8894: 6363: 4672:. Most of these were opened in 2004; others changed their status at this date (for example, from a middle to a junior school). Secondary education is provided at one of six secondary schools: 9574: 11142: 5883: 3660:(later Queen Elizabeth II) opened the first part of the industrial area on 25 January 1950; its main road was named Manor Royal, and this name eventually came to refer to the whole estate. 8011: 7971: 803:

and the south coast. Its large industrial area supports manufacturing and service companies, many of them connected with the airport. The commercial and retail sectors continue to expand.

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converted to Academy status in February 2017 and is now part of the University of Brighton Academies Trust. The Atelier 21 Future School for up to 120 pupils aged 4 to 14 years, based in

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acquired these routes from Arriva in March 2001, and is now Crawley's main operator. It provides local services between the neighbourhoods and town centre, and longer-distance routes to

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north. The neighbourhoods would consist mainly of three-bedroom family homes, with a number of smaller and larger properties. Each would be built around a centre with shops, a church, a

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Crawley's town centre is in the southernmost part of Northgate. Its street name signs do not follow the standard format of the neighbourhood signs but display only the street name.

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In December 2008, a new three-storey library was opened in new buildings at Southgate Avenue, replacing the considerably undersized establishment formerly at County Buildings.

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and the new town's original nine neighbourhoods. Supporters, of an eagle and a winged lion, relate to the significance of the airport to the locality. The motto featured is

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in 1974 also saw its boundaries enlarged, gaining other areas which had been included in the designated area of the New Town as well as the area north of the town including

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The town contains 14 residential neighbourhoods radiating out from the core of the old market town, and separated by main roads and railway lines. The nearby communities of

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There was a major expansion in house building in the late 19th century. An area known as "New Town" (unrelated to the postwar developments) was created around the railway

752:, one of Britain's busiest international airports, opened for commercial flights on the edge of the town in 1933, encouraging commercial and industrial growth. After the 13588: 10926: 8653: 8320: 7416: 6628: 3707:

square feet (5,100 m) in 1965 to a conservative estimate of 453,000 square feet (42,100 m) in 1984. Major schemes during that period included premises for the

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onwards. Goffs Park—now a recreational area in the south of the town—was the site of two late Iron Age furnaces. Ironworking and mineral extraction continued throughout

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accommodate 60,000. Nevertheless, plans dated 1961 anticipated growth to 70,000 by 1980, and by 1969 consideration was given to an eventual expansion of up to 120,000.

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were absorbed into the new town at various stages in its development. In 2009, expansion was being planned in the west and north-west of the town, in cooperation with

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opened a new manufacturing and office complex in Crawley in 2009. The site consolidated manufacturing and offices in the Crawley area and the south-east of England.

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At first, little development took place in the town centre, and residents relied on the shops and services in the existing high street. The earliest progress was in

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recording 36.3C (97.3F) and Gatwick recording 36.4C (97.5F) on 19 July 2006, just 0.2C and 0.1C lower, respectively, than the UK monthly record for that day set at

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in 2011 the population of Crawley was recorded as 106,597. The 2001 census data showed that population then accounted for 13.2% of the population of the county of

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for a weekly market on Wednesdays. Crawley grew slowly in importance over the next few centuries, but was boosted in the 18th century by the construction of the

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Civil Aircraft Accident Report No. EW/C/303: Report on the Accident to Boeing 727-112C YA-FAR 1.5 miles east of London (Gatwick) Airport on 5th January 1969

6741: 5529: 11395: 9142:." CP Ships. 4 November 2005. Retrieved on 12 February 2011. "CP Ships Limited 2 City Place Beehive Ring Road Gatwick, West Sussex RH6 0PA, United Kingdom" 7756: 2973: 2548: 1134:. Bennett estimated that planning, designing and building the town, and increasing its population from the existing 9,500 to 40,000, would take 15 years. 13558: 13069: 6922: 4525:

incidents in 1943 and 1944. Goffs Park in Southgate covers 50 acres (20 ha), and has lakes, boating ponds, a model railway and many other features.

1016:. The population reached 4,433 in 1901, compared to 1,357 a century earlier. In 1891, a racecourse was opened on farmland at Gatwick. Built to replace a 8971: 14924: 11903: 10874: 10723: 9845:"A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6 Part 3 – Bramber Rape (North-Eastern Part) including Crawley New Town. Crawley New Town: Public services" 9152: 8882: 6808: 11701: 10064: 10028: 9578: 8919: 7221: 2028:

Rainfall is lower than the English average, but higher than many other areas of the South East. 1mm of rain or more falls on 116.7 days of the year.

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area, west of the High Street on the way to Ifield, was built up; and housing spread south of the Horsham line for the first time, into what is now

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The proportion of people in the town with higher education qualifications is lower than the national average. Around 27.5% have a qualification at

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and West Sussex County Council preventing the building of a second runway before 2019. Nevertheless, consultations were launched in 2002 by the

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enterprise was reflected by the formation of the Gatwick Diamond partnership. This venture, supported by local businesses, local government and

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expansion, allowing firms to build their own premises or rent ready-made buildings, and constructing a wide range of building types and sizes.

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but its last edition was published on 26 October 2016. In September 2008 Johnston Press launched a new weekly broadsheet newspaper called the

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and secondary schools to a more standard primary/secondary divide. Since the restructuring, Crawley has had 17 primary schools (including two

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on 12 July 1841 and reached Brighton on 21 September 1841. It ran through Three Bridges, which was then a small village east of Crawley, and

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had become the hub of transport in the area by this stage: one-quarter of its population was employed in railway jobs by 1861 (mainly at the

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bus services met. In 1958 the companies reached an agreement which allowed them both to provide services in all parts of the town. When the

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Generally, Crawley's inland and southerly position within the UK means temperatures in summer are amongst the highest in the British Isles,

10631: 8995: 6292: 5059:(1871–1939), first-class cricketer for Sussex (1901–1905) and groundskeeper of the Crawling Bowling and Tennis Clubs (1924–1934), lived in 12291: 11590: 7438: 7329: 7277: 6888: 4403:, the fourth tier of league football in England. Perhaps the pinnacle of the club's history was in February 2011 when they played against 11925: 10394: 9119: 7821: 6371: 5772: 5597: 3435:. In 2021, around 28.6% were in managerial, administrative or professional occupations, although this varied by ward, with just 19.5% in 326: 11120: 4470:

in 1974. However, the facilities became insufficient for the growing town, even though an annexe was opened in Bewbush in 1984. Athlete

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police station in the town centre; it is open 24 hours a day, and the front desk is staffed for 16 hours each day except Christmas Day.

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The town has a population density of around 2,635 persons per square kilometre, making it the second most densely populated district in

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in the mid-19th century; and since the creation of the new town, there have been major road upgrades (including a motorway link), a

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Crawley's early development as a market town was helped by its location on the London–Brighton turnpike. The area was joined to the

3972:, including a 24-hour Urgent Treatment Centre for semi-life-threatening injuries. The Surrey and Sussex was judged as "weak" by the 3609:, aims to maintain and improve the Crawley and Gatwick area's status as a region of national and international economic importance. 14939: 13079: 13041: 11851: 8765: 6074: 4696: 4430:, the third tier of women's football. It formed a partnership with Crawley Town in 2021. Three other local men's teams play in the 1677: 979: 927: 859: 12091: 10775: 10331: 9248: 68: 14934: 14919: 13700: 12179: 11726: 11202: 8713: 8037: 5956: 5199: 400: 171: 3986:

is responsible for all waste water and sewerage provision. Residents in most parts of Crawley receive their drinking water from

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due to the proximity of moisture-laden southerly tracking low-pressure systems bringing easterly winds and snow to areas from

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is to have a maximum of 1900 homes. Development of another neighbourhood began in 2012 on the western side of Crawley in the

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on 104FM. Due to the positioning of their transmitters, when broadcasting separately both stations cover Crawley stories.

3794:'s former headquarters near the Manor Royal estate, renamed it "Astral Towers" and based its British Airways Holidays and 14242: 13201: 12352: 10145: 8735: 8041: 7922: 7255: 5631: 5210: 4554: 4427: 4184: 3951: 1299:

to the northeast of the town; this was given the go ahead in 2011 and is officially the town's 14th neighbourhood, named

1240: 799:, but it is not in Crawley. Economically, the town has developed into the main centre of industry and employment between 467: 429: 303: 49: 42: 12123: 11030: 10065:"Brighton Main Line: London, East Croydon, Tonbridge and Redhill to Gatwick Airport, Three Bridges, Crawley and Horsham" 8429: 7115: 6952: 5114:, electrical pioneer, engineer and champion of women's rights. Crawley New Town Development Corp' Vice-president (1948) 3288:, Crawley's population had grown to 118,493. White people made up 73.4% of the population, of those 61.8% identified as 1197:

and Ifield. In 1956, land at "Tilgate East" was allocated for housing use, eventually becoming the new neighbourhood of

14148: 11320: 6081:. Sid Baldwin, Ron Johnston and Tim Jackson on behalf of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. 24 February 2008. 6044: 5961: 4611: 4530: 4337: 4180: 3955: 3947: 3657: 3047: 1733: 1264: 1229: 1170: 443: 7568: 1512:. Despite a petition to save it, the old Crawley Town Hall, which was built in 1964, was demolished in 2020 and a new 13222: 12747: 12715: 11959: 9988: 9783: 7082: 5927: 5379: 3447: 3022: 2021:, the snow is often temporary as low-pressure systems track north bringing in milder air; areas immediately north of 1571: 1343: 1221: 336: 8829: 7844: 6520: 13046: 12752: 12223: 10657: 10528: 10216: 10183: 10123: 8515: 7042: 5395: 5000: 4701: 4483: 4340:

reopened it on 9 June 1958. A second terminal, the North Terminal, was built in 1988. An agreement existed between

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34 and 36 High Street - Grade II late 18th-century brick building with sash windows, two chimneys and a tiled roof.

3417: 1635: 1169:, where new residents moved in during the late 1940s. In 1950 the town was visited by the then heir to the throne, 506: 144: 10964: 10904: 10844: 10697: 10472: 9931: 9375: 7620: 7598: 6711: 5394:

and freelance contributor to many media channels, including BBC News, was born and raised in Crawley and attended

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in the town, each of which covers the full spectrum of needs: Manor Green Primary School and Manor Green College.

1085:. The 5,920 acres (2,396 ha) of land set aside for the new town were split across the county borders between 703:. Crawley covers an area of 17.36 square miles (44.96 km) and had a population of 118,493 at the time of the 321: 13084: 13051: 12948: 12775: 12767: 12348: 11451: 10524: 6737: 6439: 5521: 4623: 4576: 4501: 4331:

Gatwick Airport was licensed as a private airfield in August 1930. It was used during the Second World War as an

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