490:
290:. Hipparchia is said to have fallen in love with Crates and with his life and teachings, and thus rejecting her wealthy upbringing in a manner similar to Crates, she married him. The marriage was remarkable (for ancient Athens) for being based on mutual respect and equality between the couple. Stories about Hipparchia appearing in public everywhere with Crates are mentioned precisely because respectable women did not behave in that way, and as part of Cynic shamelessness, they had sexual intercourse in public. They had at least two children, a girl, and a boy named Pasicles. We learn that Crates is supposed to have initiated his son into sex by taking him to a brothel, and he allowed his daughter a month's trial marriage to potential suitors.
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paralyzed hands. Rather, if the wallet is full, that is how you will view it; and if you see that it is empty, you will not be distressed. And once you have elected to use the money, you will easily be able to do so; and if you have none, you will not yearn for it, but you will live satisfied with what you have, not desiring what you do not have nor displeased with whatever comes your way."
261:
He used to enter the houses of his friends, without being invited or otherwise called, in order to reconcile members of a family, even if it was apparent that they were deeply at odds. He would not reprove them harshly, but in a soothing way, in a manner which was non-accusatory towards those whom he
404:
And therefore Crates replied to the man who asked, "What will be in it for me after I become a philosopher?" "You will be able," he said, "to open your wallet easily and with your hand scoop out and dispense lavishly instead of, as you do now, squirming and hesitating and trembling like those with
563:) in the first line, is one of the first known Cynic uses of a word which literally means mist or smoke. It was used by the Cynics to describe the mental confusion which most people are wrapped-up in. The Cynics sought to clear away this fog and to see the world as it really is.
229:; the precise relationship between Crates and Diogenes is uncertain, but there is one apparent reference to Crates referring to himself as "a fellow-citizen of Diogenes, who defied all the plots of envy". Crates is also described as being the student of
221:
in a tragedy; whereas another account has him placing his money in the hands of a banker, with the agreement that he should deliver it to his sons, unless they too became philosophers, in which case he should distribute it among the poor.
301:
philosophy. Zeno always regarded Crates with the greatest respect, and some of the accounts we have of Crates have probably come down to us via Zeno's writings. His other pupils included
417:
in their meals, because luxury and extravagance were the chief causes of seditions and insurrections in a city. This jest would later be the cause of much satire, as in book 4 of
1302:
939:, § 95 The list of pupils at vi. 95 are at the end of the Life of Metrocles, but probably refer to Crates. Cf. R. Bracht Branham, Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé, (2000),
217:
preserves several different accounts of this story; one of them has Crates giving his money away to the citizens of Thebes, apparently after seeing the beggar king
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According to
Diogenes Laërtius, Crates wrote a book of letters on philosophical subjects, the style of which Diogenes compares to that of
209:. He was the son of Ascondus, and was the heir to a large fortune, which he is said to have renounced to live a life of Cynic poverty in
689:
1539:
396:
Several fragments of his thought survive. He taught a simple asceticism, which seems to have been milder than that of his predecessor
278:. Crates is shown with a staff and satchel, being approached by Hipparchia bearing her possessions in the manner of a potential bride.
489:
438:. But whereas Solon wished for prosperity, reputation, and "justly acquired possessions", Crates had typically Cynic desires:
509:
There are also several fragments surviving of a poem Crates wrote describing the ideal Cynic state which begins by parodying
245:
But Crates with only his wallet and tattered cloak laughed out his life jocosely, as if he had been always at a festival.
571:
The relationship between Crates and
Hipparchia became the subject of a number of fictional accounts, such as the play
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who lived in the same manner as him. Crates gave away his money to live a life of poverty on the streets of
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in the last years of the century, and was undoubtedly the biggest influence on Zeno in his development of
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He is said to have been deformed with a lame leg and hunched shoulders. He was nicknamed the Door-Opener (
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1508:
241:, who wrote a detailed biography of Crates which does not survive, records what sort of man Crates was:
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was correcting, because he wished to be of service to them as well as to those who were just listening.
392:"Diogenes in his barrel and Crates of Thebes who gives up wealth for virtue." 15th-century manuscript.
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Crates was also the author of some philosophical tragedies, and some smaller poems apparently called
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where a group of Cynics sit down for a meal and are served course after course of lentil soup.
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193:. Various fragments of Crates' teachings survive, including his description of the ideal Cynic
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was exiled there. He is said to have died at a great age (c. 285 BC), and was buried in
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Dorandi, Tiziano (1999). "Chapter 2: Chronology". In Algra, Keimpe; et al. (eds.).
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257:) because he would enter any house and people would receive him gladly and with honour:
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185:. Respected by the people of Athens, he is remembered for being the teacher of
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The
Concept of First Philosophy and the Unity of the Metaphysics of Aristotle
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Some of his philosophical writings were infused with humour, in the form of
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That are easily carried, easily acquired, and are of great avail to virtue.
521:, which in Greek refers to the beggar's wallet which every Cynic carried:
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318:
693:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 381.
137:
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attributed to Crates, but these are later, 1st-century, compositions.
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585:(1804). A fictional biography of Crates was written by French author
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But only seek the wealth of the beetle or the maintenance of the ant;
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Which had always made my life frugal and free from slavery. . . .
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577:, written by Italian nun Clemenza Ninci in the 17th century, or
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1261:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 102–105.
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He moved to Athens where tradition says he became a pupil of
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1291:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 1–160.
1211:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 81–83.
999:
997:
703:
His year of birth is uncertain. He flourished c. 328–5 BC (
1181:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 1–21.
970:
731:
729:
714:
711:, § 87, 365 BC is a reasonable guess for his year of birth.
652:"Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, BOOK VI"
447:
380:
275:
45:
40:
Crates of Thebes. Detail from a Roman wall painting in the
941:
The Cynics: The Cynic
Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy
837:
The Cynics: The Cynic
Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy
994:
913:
901:
889:
857:
835:, in R. Bracht Branham, Marie-Odile Goulet-Cazé, (2000),
741:
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Fair and fruitful, filthy all about, possessing nothing,
469:
As for money, I do not wish to amass conspicuous wealth,
332:
Crates was, apparently, in Thebes in 307 BC, when
473:
Nay, I desire to possess justice and to collect riches
270:
Roman wall painting of Crates and
Hipparchia from the
605:
467:
Make me useful to my friends, rather than agreeable.
1110:. By Gutzwiller, K. Blackwell Publishing. p.
545:For which the citizens do not war with each other,
1137:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.
485:Not with costly dainties, but with pious virtues.
1531:
1232:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. §85–93
947:, § 98, also returns to the biography of Crates.
329:, Zeno's successor as head of the Stoic school.
1133:The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy
547:Nor do they possess arms, to get cash or fame.
543:But it produces thyme, garlic, figs, and bread,
430:One of his poems parodied a famous hymn to the
237:. He lived a life of cheerful simplicity, and
989:Moralia: How to know a Flatterer from a Friend
541:Nor any playboy who delights in a whore's ass,
413:. He urged people not to prefer anything but
1323:
1047:Moralia: Rules for the Preservation of Health
572:
943:, pp. 392, 398; pointing out that, Diogenes
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539:Into which no foolish parasite ever sails,
477:If I may but win these, I will propitiate
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463:Give me without ceasing food for my belly
286:, the sister of one of Crates' students,
1161:
1074:Julian (1996). "Orations, 6.199d-200a".
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774:Moralia: On the Tranquillity of the Mind
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493:Crates disposes of his wealth. From the
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1565:Metic philosophers in Classical Athens
1560:Hellenistic-era philosophers in Athens
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816:. By Reale, G. Suny Press. p. 34.
811:
1311:
1030:
822:, xiv, who makes a similar statement.
766:
668:
1545:Ancient Greek political philosophers
1076:Classical Cynicism: A Critical Study
978:) is the only source for this claim.
622:
620:
173:philosopher, the principal pupil of
1018:The Cynic Epistles: A Study Edition
812:Julian (1980). "Orations, 6.201b".
162:; c. 365 – c. 285 BC) of
13:
205:Crates was born c. 365 BC in
14:
1576:
1540:4th-century BC Greek philosophers
1296:
1284:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
1254:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
1225:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
1204:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
1174:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
1168:"The Seven Sages: Prologue"
617:
1265:
1235:
1185:
1155:
574:Spozalizio d' Ipparchia filosofa
1287:. Vol. 2:7. Translated by
1257:. Vol. 2:6. Translated by
1207:. Vol. 2:6. Translated by
1177:. Vol. 1:1. Translated by
1106:Guide to Hellenistic Literature
1095:
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1078:. By Navia, L. Greenwood Press.
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282:He attracted the attentions of
1303:Crates and Hipparchia Handbook
753:
697:
644:
495:Allegory of the Hill of Wisdom
1:
1248:"The Cynics: Menedemus"
1102:Crates (2007). "Fragment 6".
1031:Teles (1977). "Fragment 4a".
1016:Malherbe, Abraham J. (1977).
598:
343:
381:
7:
1509:Maximus I of Constantinople
1198:"The Cynics: Monimus"
707:113) according to Diogenes
10:
1581:
1122:
1035:. By O'Neill, E. Missoula.
529:in the midst of wine-dark
370:
352:;. There are 36 surviving
325:. He may also have taught
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517:. Crates' city is called
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1278:"The Stoics: Zeno"
1033:Teles: The Cynic Teacher
579:Christoph Martin Wieland
1383:Anaximenes of Lampsacus
690:Encyclopædia Britannica
200:
852:Outlines of Pyrrhonism
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461:, listen to my prayer!
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393:
321:, and Crates' brother
293:He was the teacher of
284:Hipparchia of Maroneia
279:
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179:Hipparchia of Maroneia
100:Hellenistic philosophy
86:Hipparchia of Maroneia
818:. See also Apuleius,
656:www.perseus.tufts.edu
583:Krates und Hipparchia
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442:Glorious children of
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481:and the holy Muses,
334:Demetrius Phalereus
177:and the husband of
71:c. 285 BC (aged 80)
1555:Cynic philosophers
1474:Peregrinus Proteus
1378:Hegesias of Sinope
1339:Cynic philosophers
1289:Hicks, Robert Drew
1273:Laërtius, Diogenes
1259:Hicks, Robert Drew
1243:Laërtius, Diogenes
1230:Hicks, Robert Drew
1220:The Cynics: Crates
1216:Laërtius, Diogenes
1209:Hicks, Robert Drew
1193:Laërtius, Diogenes
1179:Hicks, Robert Drew
1163:Laërtius, Diogenes
1020:. SBL. p. 10.
854:Book I section 153
833:Picturing Diogenes
628:"Crates of Thebes"
513:'s description of
507:
501:. Floor mosaic by
394:
280:
231:Bryson the Achaean
227:Diogenes of Sinope
175:Diogenes of Sinope
110:Western philosophy
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368:
367:Ancient Greek
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255:θυρεπανοίκτης
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37:
32:
27:
20:
1387:
1282:
1252:
1223:
1202:
1172:
1132:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1026:
1017:
1011:
988:
983:
975:
969:
964:
957:
952:
940:
915:
903:
891:
871:
859:
851:
844:
836:
832:
827:
819:
813:
807:
799:
794:
786:
781:
773:
768:
760:
755:
743:
716:
699:
688:
659:. Retrieved
655:
646:
635:. Retrieved
631:
612:Dorandi 1999
607:
582:
570:
552:
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536:
530:
526:
524:
518:
508:
503:Pinturicchio
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484:
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331:
292:
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248:
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204:
149:
148:
1504:Asclepiades
1464:Agathobulus
1363:Onesicritus
1353:Antisthenes
1058:Athenaeus,
886:, § 2, etc.
434:written by
319:Theombrotus
1534:Categories
1519:Sallustius
1393:Hipparchia
1218:(1925c). "
1045:Plutarch,
987:Plutarch,
800:Symposiacs
798:Plutarch,
772:Plutarch,
723:, § 87–88.
661:2021-07-22
637:2021-07-22
599:References
505:(c. 1505).
344:Philosophy
138:Asceticism
1499:Heraclius
1489:Pancrates
1479:Theagenes
1454:Demetrius
1442:Roman era
1418:Menedemus
1403:Cleomenes
1398:Metrocles
1373:Philiscus
1346:Greek era
1275:(1925e).
1245:(1925d).
1195:(1925b).
1092:19.172–74
976:Cleanthes
882:, § 105;
789:, 6.201b.
581:'s novel
551:The word
419:Athenaeus
376:romanized
327:Cleanthes
315:Cleomenes
303:Metrocles
288:Metrocles
233:, and of
57:c. 365 BC
1494:Crescens
1484:Oenomaus
1449:Favonius
1433:Meleager
1423:Cercidas
1413:Menippus
1358:Diogenes
1165:(1925).
878:, § 15;
787:Orations
785:Julian,
761:Epistles
759:Seneca,
705:Olympiad
398:Diogenes
323:Pasicles
311:Menippus
239:Plutarch
219:Telephus
191:Stoicism
134:Cynicism
122:Cynicism
1469:Demonax
1368:Monimus
1123:Sources
1090:Odyssey
1088:Homer,
1064:iv. 157
1006:, § 98.
922:, § 82.
910:, § 94.
898:, § 91.
866:, § 88.
820:Florida
750:, § 85.
738:, § 93.
415:lentils
382:Paignia
378::
371:Παίγνια
338:Boeotia
307:Monimus
75:Boeotia
1388:Crates
1270:
1240:
1190:
1160:
1145:
958:Stilpo
956:Suda,
802:, 2.1.
763:, 10.1
553:tuphos
531:Tuphos
479:Hermes
459:Pieria
444:Memory
235:Stilpo
211:Athens
207:Thebes
183:Athens
166:was a
164:Thebes
150:Crates
117:School
106:Region
82:Spouse
61:Thebes
29:Κράτης
1514:Horus
1428:Teles
561:τῦφος
557:Greek
515:Crete
511:Homer
455:Muses
436:Solon
432:Muses
363:Games
350:Plato
299:Stoic
251:Greek
195:state
171:Cynic
168:Greek
154:Greek
1408:Bion
1143:ISBN
971:Suda
968:The
527:Pera
519:Pera
448:Zeus
276:Rome
201:Life
68:Died
54:Born
46:Rome
1222:".
1112:136
457:of
385:).
96:Era
44:in
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