1892:
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humans, in the absence of directed persecution, species like Sarus Crane maintain territories as small as 5 ha when agricultural crops and landscape conditions are suitable. In contrast, red-crowned crane territories may require 500 hectares, and pairs may defend even larger territories than that, up to several thousand hectares. Territory defence is either acoustic with both birds performing the unison call, or more rarely, physical with attacks usually by the male. Because of this, females are much less likely to retain the territory than males in the event of the death of a partner. Rarely, breeding territorial crane pairs allow a third crane into the territory to form polygynous or polyandrous trios that improves the chances of survival of the pair's chicks. Trios of Sarus cranes were seen largely in marginal habitats and third birds were young suggesting that third cranes would benefit by gaining experience.
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cases, newer pair bonds dissolve (divorce) after unsuccessful breeding attempts. Pairs that are repeatedly successful at breeding remain together for as long as they continue to do so. In a study of sandhill cranes in
Florida, seven of the 22 pairs studied remained together for an 11-year period. Of the pairs that separated, 53% was due to the death of one of the pair, 18% was due to divorce, and the fate of 29% of pairs was unknown. Similar results had been found by acoustic monitoring (sonography/frequency analysis of duet and guard calls) in three breeding areas of common cranes in Germany over 10 years.
1792:
38:
1837:
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1855:
1374:, they are territorial and usually remain on their territory all the time. In contrast in the non-breeding season, they tend to be gregarious, forming large flocks to roost, socialize, and in some species feed. Sarus Crane breeding pairs maintain territories throughout the year in south Asia, and non-breeding birds live in flocks that can also be seen throughout the year. Large aggregations of cranes likely increase safety for individual cranes when resting and flying and also increase chances for young unmated birds to meet partners.
399:
1386:. The vocabulary begins soon after hatching with low, purring calls for maintaining contact with their parents, as well as food-begging calls. Other calls used as chicks include alarm calls and "flight intention" calls, both of which are maintained into adulthood. Cranes are noticed the most due to their loud duet calls that can be used to distinguish individual pairs. Sarus crane trios produce synchronized unison calls called "triets" whose structure is identical to duets of normal pairs, but have a lower frequency.
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emergent plants, other molluscs, small fish, eggs of birds and amphibians are also consumed, as well. The exact composition of the diet varies by location, season, and availability. Within the wide range of items consumed, some patterns are suggested but require specific investigation to confirm; the shorter-billed species usually feed in drier uplands, while the longer-billed species feed in wetlands.
3414:
1137:
1288:, occurring across most of the world continents. They are absent from Antarctica and, mysteriously, South America. East Asia has the highest crane diversity, with eight species, followed by Africa, which is home to five resident species and wintering populations of a sixth. Australia, Europe, and North America have two regularly occurring species each. Of the four crane genera,
1316:
breeding season. Even the demoiselle crane and blue crane, which may nest and feed in grasslands (or even arid grasslands or deserts), require wetlands for roosting at night. The Sarus Crane in south Asia is unique in having a significant breeding population using agricultural fields to breed in areas alongside very high density of humans and
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coincide with the wet or monsoon seasons. Artificial sources of water such as irrigation canals and irregular rainfall can sometimes provide adequate moisture to maintain wetland habitat outside the normal wet season, and allows for occasional aseasonal nesting throughout the year in few tropical species.
1430:
on sedge meadows, and the last two species also feed on the agricultural fields along with the common cranes. In
Australia, where Sarus Cranes live alongside Brolgas, they have different diets: Sarus Cranes' diet consisted of diverse vegetation, while Brolga diet spanned a much wider range of trophic
1410:
Cranes employ different foraging techniques for different food types and in different habitats. Tubers and rhizomes are dug for and a crane digging for them remains in place for some time digging and then expanding a hole to prise them out of the soil. In contrast both to this and the stationary wait
1464:
Territory sizes also vary depending on location. Tropical species can maintain very small territories, for example sarus cranes in India can breed on territories as small as one hectare where the area is of sufficient quality and disturbance by humans is minimal. Even in areas with a high density of
1460:
Cranes are territorial and generally seasonal breeders. Seasonality varies both between and within species, depending on local conditions. Migratory species begin breeding upon reaching their summer breeding grounds, between April and June. The breeding season of tropical species is usually timed to
1456:
Cranes are perennially monogamous breeders, establishing long-term pair bonds that may last the lifetime of the birds. Pair bonds begin to form in the second or third years of life, but several years pass before the first successful breeding season. Initial breeding attempts often fail, and in many
337:
tend to have more white in their plumage than do species that inhabit smaller wetlands or forested habitats, which tend to be more grey. These white species are also generally larger. The smaller size and colour of the forest species is thought to help them maintain a less conspicuous profile while
1315:
Many species of cranes are dependent on wetlands and grasslands, and most species nest in shallow wetlands. Some species nest in wetlands, but move their chicks up onto grasslands or uplands to feed (while returning to wetlands at night), whereas others remain in wetlands for the entirety of the
1406:
The cranes consume a wide range of food, both animal and plant matter. When feeding on land, they consume seeds, leaves, nuts and acorns, berries, fruit, insects, worms, snails, small reptiles, mammals, and birds. In wetlands and agriculture fields, roots, rhizomes, tubers, and other parts of
1435:
strategy to recover from temporary reductions in feeding rate, particularly when the rate is below the threshold of intake necessary for survival. Accumulated intake of during daytime shows a typical anti-sigmoid shape, with greatest increases of intake after dawn and before dusk.
281:
of two eggs at a time. Both parents help to rear the young, which remain with them until the next breeding season. Most species of cranes have been affected by human activities and are at the least classified as threatened, if not critically endangered. The plight of the
326:, which can weigh 12 kg (26 lb) prior to migrating. They are long-legged and long-necked birds with streamlined bodies and large, rounded wings. The males and females do not vary in external appearance, but males tend to be slightly larger than females.
1335:, traveling thousands of kilometres each year from their breeding sites. A few species like Sarus Cranes have both migratory and sedentary populations, and healthy sedentary populations have a large proportion of cranes that are not territorial, breeding pairs.
1320:, largely due to the positive attitudes of farmers towards the cranes. In Australia, the Brolga occurs in the breeding areas of Sarus Cranes in Queensland state, and they achieve sympatry by using different habitats. Sarus Cranes in Queensland largely live in
1630:
and the cranes, a thief attacked Ibycus (a poet of the sixth century BCE) and left him for dead. Ibycus called to a flock of passing cranes, which followed the attacker to a theater and hovered over him until, stricken with guilt, he confessed to the crime.
1522:: The geese and the cranes were feeding in the same meadow, when a birdcatcher came to ensnare them in his nets. The cranes, being light of wing, fled away at his approach, while the geese, being slower of flight and heavier in their bodies, were captured.
1766:
and knowing she was dying, she undertook to make a thousand origami cranes before her death at the age of 12. After her death, she became internationally recognised as a symbol of the innocent victims of war and remains a heroine to many
Japanese girls.
1637:
wrote that cranes would appoint one of their number to stand guard while they slept. The sentry would hold a stone in its claw, so that if it fell asleep, it would drop the stone and waken. A crane holding a stone in its claw is a well-known symbol in
249:
over long distances; others do not migrate at all. Cranes are solitary during the breeding season, occurring in pairs, but during the nonbreeding season, most species are gregarious, forming large flocks where their numbers are sufficient.
1690:) to soldiers of any group in the army (janissaries, sipahis, etc.) who performed heroically during a battle. Soldiers would attach this feather to their caps or headgear which would give them some sort of a rank among their peers.
1891:
1666:. Battles between cranes and dwarf peoples, or geranomachy, is a widespread motif of antiquity and come from China and Arabia at least from the fifth century. Aristotle describes as untruthful an account that the crane carries a
1813:
1526:
The cranes' beauty and spectacular mating dances have made them highly symbolic birds in many cultures with records dating back to ancient times. Crane mythology can be found in cultures around the world, from India to the
1906:
1324:-dominated riverine, while most Brolgas use non-wooded regional ecosystems that include vast grassland habitats. The only two species that do not always roost in wetlands are the two African crowned cranes (
1791:
380:, whereas the trachea of the other species is longer and penetrates the sternum. In some species, the entire sternum is fused to the bony plates of the trachea, and this helps amplify the crane's
2768:
2843:
2284:
Clements, J.F.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Schulenberg, T.S.; Iliff, M.J.; Fredericks, T.A.; Gerbracht, J.A.; Lepage, D.; Spencer, A.; Billerman, S.M.; Sullivan, B.L.; Wood, C.L. (2023).
228:
on the wing that project over the tail. Most species have muted gray or white plumages, marked with black, and red bare patches on the face, but the crowned cranes of the genus
234:
have vibrantly-coloured wings and golden "crowns" of feathers. Cranes fly with their necks extended outwards instead of bent into an S-shape and their long legs outstretched.
369:
Most species of cranes and change the intensity of colour. Feathers on the head can be moved and erected in the blue, wattled, and demoiselle cranes for signaling, as well.
1773:
1411:
and watch hunting methods employed by many herons, they forage for insects and animal prey by slowly moving forwards with their heads lowered and probing with their bills.
1836:
1869:
2176:
Gaunt, Abbot; Sandra L. L. Gaunt; Henry D. Prange; Jeremy S. Wasser (1987). "The effects of tracheal coiling on the vocalizations of cranes (Aves; Gruidae)".
2446:
2447:"Effectiveness of road transects and wetland visits for surveying Black-necked Storks Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus and Sarus Cranes Grus antigone in India"
253:
They are opportunistic feeders that change their diets according to the season and their own nutrient requirements. They eat a range of items from small
1728:) and symbolizes good fortune and longevity because of its fabled life span of a thousand years. The crane is one of the subjects in the tradition of
3079:
1673:
Greek and Roman myths often portrayed the dance of cranes as a love of joy and a celebration of life, and the crane was often associated with both
1127:, a lineage of flightless birds; as predicted by the fossil record of true cranes, eogruids were native to the Old World. A species of true crane,
1414:
Where more than one species of cranes exists in a locality, each species adopts separate niches to minimise competition. At one important lake in
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1163:
1145:
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125:
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3581:
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2769:"The Role of Artificial Habitats and Rainfall Patterns in the Unseasonal Nesting of Sarus Cranes (Antigone antigone) in South Asia"
2742:
2401:
Sundar, K.S. Gopi; Grant, John D.A.; Veltheim, Inka; Kittur, Swati; Brandis, Kate; McCarthy, Michael A.; Scambler, Elinor (2018).
3620:
2119:
Archibald, George; Meine, Curt (1996). "Family
Gruidae (Cranes)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
417:
2579:
2226:
2160:
1705:, several styles of kung fu take inspiration from the movements of cranes in the wild, the most famous of these styles being
3625:
2601:
1444:
2178:
2402:
2121:
495:, while the sandhill crane, the white-naped crane, the sarus crane, and the brolga were moved to the resurrected genus
1854:
3121:
2135:
2058:
3695:
3560:
1260:
2716:
2355:
3651:
3573:
1502:
1358:
2308:"A new genus of crane (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Late Tertiary of the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean"
1394:
3633:
1479:
314:
Cranes are very large birds, often considered the world's tallest flying birds. They range in size from the
1510:(13th century) of the legend of the vigilant cranes: At night, cranes take turns keeping watch for enemies.
1783:
1354:) in Israel: Many species of crane gather in large groups during migration and on their wintering grounds.
1331:
Some crane species are sedentary, remaining in the same area throughout the year, while others are highly
1115:, although no fossil record exists from there. On the other hand, it is peculiar that numerous fossils of
3503:
3490:
2012:
1820:
3508:
3404:
3039:
2473:
2307:
1963:
1842:
1667:
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1587:
were believed to be the three chief goddesses of Mecca, they were called the "three exalted cranes" (
1496:
1285:
376:. In the two crowned cranes, the trachea is shorter and only slightly impressed upon the bone of the
2662:"Factors influencing daily food intake patterns in birds: a case study with wintering common cranes"
1754:, the crane came to symbolize peace and the innocent victims of war through the story of schoolgirl
63:
2920:
2504:
2155:. Gland, Switzerland ; Cambridge: Intern. Union for Conserv. of Nature and Natural Resources.
346:) also daub their feathers with mud which some observers suspect helps them to hide while nesting.
2505:"Sarus Crane Antigone antigone trios and their triets: Discovery of a novel social unit in cranes"
2403:"Sympatric cranes in northern Australia: abundance, breeding success, habitat preference and diet"
1488:
2960:"Myth and Reality in the Battle between the Pygmies and the Cranes in the Greek and Roman Worlds"
1735:
1684:
In pre-modern
Ottoman Empire, sultans would sometimes present a piece of crane feather (Turkish:
1594:
140:
3687:
3430:
3099:
2127:
2074:
529:
468:
20:
2921:"The Battle of the Pygmies and the Cranes in Chinese, Arab, and North American Indian Sources"
3682:
3612:
3114:
2898:
3674:
2999:
2959:
2743:"Acoustic individual monitoring over several years (mainly Common Crane and Whooping Crane)"
3529:
3477:
2516:
2285:
1095:
record of cranes is incomplete. Apparently, the subfamilies were well distinct by the Late
3022:
Rami Mehmed Paşa, Münşeat, p. 141b. Flügel
Catalogue, H.O. 179, Austrian National Library.
2806:
Leslie, J. (1998). "A bird bereaved: The identity and significance of
Valmiki's kraunca".
37:
8:
3175:
2885:
1967:
1265:
584:
2746:
2559:
2520:
2008:"Are Rice Paddies Suboptimal Breeding Habitat for Sarus Cranes in Uttar Pradesh, India?"
3351:
3185:
2860:
2823:
2788:
2694:
2642:
2571:
2540:
2454:
2424:
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2195:
2031:
1654:
1236:(Late Oligocene? – Middle Pliocene of Florida, US, France?, Moldavia and Mongolia) – A
995:
564:
402:
373:
354:
291:
225:
58:
2175:
1568:
couplet by the pathos of seeing a male sarus crane shot while dancing with its mate.
1111:?) Old World origin. The extant diversity at the genus level is centered on (eastern)
1107:
of known fossil and the living taxa of cranes suggests that the group is probably of (
3669:
3516:
3468:
3311:
3256:
2981:
2940:
2877:
2864:
2827:
2634:
2575:
2544:
2532:
2428:
2329:
2325:
2254:
2232:
2222:
2156:
2131:
2054:
2035:
1646:
depicts a sleeping crane still in vigilance and holding the rock in its raised claw.
1532:
1519:
1423:
1383:
1317:
1129:
894:
689:
421:
381:
323:
2792:
2698:
2646:
2199:
1912:
Brass Crane
Perched on a Tortoise, c. 1800–1894, from the Oxford College Archive of
1280:: Central Asian populations of this species migrate to Northern India in the winter.
398:
3723:
3521:
3371:
3237:
3142:
3107:
3083:
2971:
2932:
2852:
2815:
2780:
2684:
2676:
2624:
2616:
2567:
2524:
2416:
2372:
2363:
2321:
2266:
2255:"Mitochondrial genome sequences and the phylogeny of cranes (Gruiformes: Gruidae)"
2218:
2187:
2021:
1913:
1432:
1415:
1269:
849:
506:
497:
315:
202:
187:
2936:
2420:
3134:
3055:
1971:
1883:
1721:
1720:
In Japan, the crane is one of the mystical or holy creatures (others include the
1717:
style of fighting. Crane movements are well known for their fluidity and grace.
1634:
1371:
1143:
is an extinct lineage of mostly flightless stem-cranes. Pictured is the two-toed
648:
194:
3638:
3482:
1734:, or paper folding. An ancient Japanese legend promises that anyone who folds a
3568:
3555:
3495:
3392:
3321:
3246:
3221:
3067:
3049:
2841:
Hammer, Niels (2009). "Why Sārus Cranes epitomize Karuṇarasa in the Rāmāyaṇa".
2312:
1643:
1607:
1598:
1419:
1332:
921:
662:
623:
484:
393:
343:
307:
283:
246:
214:
45:
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2856:
2819:
1800:, 1759, by Shen Quan (1682—1760), hanging scroll, ink and colour on silk, the
1343:
3717:
3301:
2985:
2944:
2680:
2407:
2333:
2236:
2026:
2007:
1861:
1801:
1755:
1747:
1698:
1659:
1116:
802:
518:
445:
287:
278:
242:
1824:
322:, which can be up to 176 cm (69 in), although the heaviest is the
3453:
3418:
3341:
3331:
3292:
2620:
2536:
2270:
1846:
1751:
1714:
1642:, and is known as a crane in its vigilance. Notably, however, the crest of
1484:
1427:
1347:
1238:
1104:
975:
948:
781:
480:
476:
437:
433:
339:
224:. They are large birds with long necks and legs, a tapering form, and long
220:
157:
2899:"The Internet Classics Archive | The History of Animals by Aristotle"
2638:
1514:
3594:
3462:
3266:
2784:
2560:"Revisiting the Historic Distribution and Habitats of the Whooping Crane"
1743:
736:
410:
358:
319:
3045:
individual recognition of cranes using frequency analysis of their calls
1739:
277:. Cranes construct platform nests in shallow water, and typically lay a
3361:
3138:
2976:
2689:
2629:
2384:
2191:
1936:
1678:
1623:
1528:
1367:
1153:
Fossil genera are tentatively assigned to the present-day subfamilies:
1119:
are documented from there; these birds presumably shared much of their
1100:
829:
532:
study by Carey
Krajewski and collaborators that was published in 2010.
510:
238:
197:
149:
115:
1370:
birds that vary in their sociality by season and location. During the
302:
3542:
3166:
3087:
2528:
1746:
performed a crane dance that was captured in 1908 in a photograph by
1706:
1694:
1649:
1617:
1548:
1140:
1124:
550:
525:
488:
262:
230:
208:
75:
3586:
3424:
2376:
1576:
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levels. Some crane species such as the Common/ Eurasian crane use a
3547:
3447:
2844:
Journal of the Royal
Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland
1759:
1639:
1555:
1518:
A 1909 illustration of the fable of the geese and the cranes, from
1277:
1108:
334:
95:
3599:
2353:
1626:, or hardy geranium. The crane was a bird of omen. In the tale of
1584:
1564:
372:
Also important to communication is the position and length of the
310:
can change colour or even expand in area when the bird is excited.
2283:
2081:. Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum (The Chicago Academy of Sciences)
1828:
1805:
1730:
1710:
1559:
1120:
539:
460:
377:
330:
3129:
3276:
3034:
1674:
1627:
1167:(Middle Eocene of Germany and Italy – Middle Miocene of France)
1112:
1096:
1092:
716:
349:
270:
266:
254:
85:
1845:
fighting cranes in northern Sweden, a 16th-century drawing by
3534:
2767:
Sundar, K.S. Gopi; Yaseen, Mohammed; Kathju, Kandarp (2018).
1931:
1926:
1702:
1670:
inside it that can be used to test for gold when vomited up.
1611:
1572:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1136:
464:
449:
274:
2299:
200:. The family has 15 species placed in four genera which are
2558:
Austin, Jane E.; Hayes, Matthew A.; Barzen, Jeb A. (2019),
2477:
2286:"The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2023"
1663:
1580:
1492:
1296:(one species) is restricted to Asia; the other two genera,
333:
of cranes varies by habitat. Species inhabiting vast, open
318:, which measures 90 cm (35 in) in length, to the
258:
183:
105:
19:
This article is about the bird family. For other uses, see
2717:"The Significance of Mate Loss in Florida Sandhill Cranes"
2252:
1972:"Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin"
1603:
for the best-known story regarding these three goddesses.
2400:
1123:
with cranes back then already. Cranes are sister taxa to
2356:"A New Species of Crane from the Pliocene of California"
1250:(Sheep Creek Middle Miocene of Snake Creek Quarries, US)
1187:(Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Contra Costa County, US)
2503:
Roy, Suhridam; Kittur, Swati; Sundar, K S Gopi (2022).
2253:
Krajewski, C.; Sipiorski, J.T.; Anderson, F.E. (2010).
2886:
https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoh00foxduoft
2153:
The cranes: status survey and conservation action plan
1103:). The present genera are apparently some 20 mya old.
436:, this genus name is obtained from the epithet of the
237:
Cranes live on most continents, with the exception of
3402:
1382:
Cranes are highly vocal and have several specialized
2599:
2049:
Archibald, George W. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
2048:
1962:
1588:
2602:"Foraging site displacement in common crane flocks"
2600:Bautista, L.M.; Alonso, J.C.; Alonso, J.A. (1998).
1202:(Hordwell Late Eocene – Early Oligocene of England)
1133:, has similarly become flightless and ratite-like.
501:. Some authorities recognize the additional genera
2766:
2151:Meine, Curt D.; Archibald, Georg W., eds. (1996).
1819:The "Turtle Carrying Crane on its Back" statue in
2557:
384:, allowing them to carry for several kilometres.
3715:
2075:"Species at Risk - Conserving Endangered Cranes"
1758:and her thousand origami cranes. Suffering from
1593:, an obscure word on which 'crane' is the usual
1328:), which are the only cranes to roost in trees.
2502:
1898:Tortoise Has New Year's Dream of Crane and Pine
1738:will be granted a wish by a crane. In northern
1422:feed on the mudflats and in shallow water, the
1228:(Ferghana Late? Eocene of Ferghana, Uzbekistan)
2957:
2659:
2150:
2118:
357:that produces the trumpeting calls of cranes (
3115:
2354:Miller, Alden H.; Sibley, Charles G. (1942).
1685:
1468:
471:study published in 2010 found that the genus
432:The family name Gruidae comes from the genus
2653:
2593:
286:of North America inspired some of the first
2248:
2246:
2053:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 95–96.
1292:(two species) is restricted to Africa, and
1254:
479:. In the resulting rearrangement to create
387:
3122:
3108:
2710:
2708:
1782:, 18th century, by Mitsusuke (1675–1710),
1693:Throughout Asia, the crane is a symbol of
1377:
36:
2975:
2884:, T.C. and E.C. Jack, London, 1909, 247,
2688:
2628:
2564:Whooping Cranes: Biology and Conservation
2025:
1658:, adding an account of their fights with
1652:describes the migration of cranes in the
1362:Cranes in spring in Mecklenburg (Germany)
245:. Some species and populations of cranes
3163:
2740:
2734:
2243:
2215:Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1662:as they wintered near the source of the
1513:
1501:
1478:
1443:
1393:
1357:
1342:
1338:
1264:
1181:(Late Miocene of Menorca, Mediterranean)
1135:
416:
397:
348:
301:
2958:Ovadiah, Asher; Mucznik, Sonia (1970).
2714:
2705:
2212:
1506:Illustration in the English manuscript
1483:"Odlot żurawi" ("Departure of Cranes")
1175:(Early Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Germany)
306:The bare area of skin on the face of a
3716:
2918:
2871:
2840:
2805:
2444:
2347:
2169:
2005:
3729:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
3429:
3428:
3103:
2660:Bautista, L.M.; Alonso, J.C. (2013).
2498:
2496:
2494:
2440:
2438:
2396:
2394:
2305:
2126:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp.
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
1978:. International Ornithologists' Union
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1495:, 44 cm (17.3 in) x 58 cm (22.8 in),
3662:b34d0e7c-3287-4a18-9eb8-4c77585114a8
3574:2f536f50-4a87-4320-a887-faeab44c6827
3040:Craneworld website, mainly in German
3000:"Aristotle: History of Animals VIII"
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
2964:Gerión. Revista de Historia Antigua
2179:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
338:nesting; two of these species (the
13:
3391:15 living species in four genera (
3080:Crane Dance at the Tongdosa Temple
2572:10.1016/b978-0-12-803555-9.00003-7
2491:
2435:
2391:
2122:Handbook of the Birds of the World
2093:
2042:
1949:
16:Family of large, long-legged birds
14:
3740:
3073:
3028:
2343:– via Wiley Online Library.
1990:
1192:Sometimes considered Balearicinae
3412:
2326:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2002.00074.x
2306:Seguí, Bartomeu (20 June 2007).
1905:
1890:
1868:
1853:
1835:
1812:
1790:
1772:
1562:was inspired to write the first
1261:List of Gruiformes by population
186:with long legs and necks in the
62:
3052:on the Internet Bird Collection
3016:
2992:
2951:
2912:
2891:
2834:
2799:
2760:
2745:. Craneworld.de. Archived from
2551:
2476:. craneworld.de. Archived from
2466:
2277:
2051:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
1939:, relatives of the crane family
1764:the atomic bombing of Hiroshima
1713:(tiger crane), and the Shaolin
1398:A pair of black-necked cranes (
2206:
2144:
2067:
1900:, around 1850, Brooklyn Museum
297:
1:
2937:10.1080/0015587X.1975.9716009
2421:10.1080/01584197.2018.1537673
1943:
1215:Sometimes considered Gruidae
487:was moved to the resurrected
463:of cranes are placed in four
2882:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
2808:Journal of Indian Philosophy
2715:Nesbitt, Stephen A. (1989).
2566:, Elsevier, pp. 25–88,
1976:World Bird List Version 13.2
1618:
1426:on the wetland borders, the
1086:
7:
3035:Saving Cranes website (ICF)
2124:. Volume 3, Hoatzin to Auks
2013:Ornithological Applications
1920:
1589:
1439:
10:
3745:
2445:Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2006).
2213:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2006:Sundar, K.S. Gopi (2009).
1823:(Temple of Literature) in
1612:
1475:Crane in Chinese mythology
1472:
1469:In mythology and symbolism
1389:
1258:
1210:(Late Oligocene of France)
391:
18:
3437:
3389:
3290:
3235:
3212:
3203:
3154:
2857:10.1017/S1356186308009334
1784:National Museum in Kraków
1575:, in pre-Islamic Arabia,
1497:National Museum in Cracow
1286:cosmopolitan distribution
993:
973:
966:
946:
939:
919:
912:
892:
885:
847:
827:
820:
800:
793:
786:
734:
714:
707:
687:
680:
660:
653:
641:
628:Leucogeranus leucogeranus
621:
611:
582:
562:
555:
543:
170:
165:
155:
148:
59:Scientific classification
57:
44:
35:
30:
2681:10.1525/cond.2013.120080
2079:Project Passenger Pigeon
2027:10.1525/cond.2009.080032
1255:Distribution and habitat
388:Taxonomy and systematics
2820:10.1023/A:1004335910775
1736:thousand origami cranes
1551:, and North America.
1378:Calls and communication
1312:, are both widespread.
475:, as then defined, was
290:legislation to protect
2621:10.1006/anbe.1998.0882
2271:10.1525/auk.2009.09045
1686:
1622:), which gives us the
1523:
1511:
1499:
1453:
1403:
1363:
1355:
1281:
1150:
530:molecular phylogenetic
469:molecular phylogenetic
429:
414:
366:
311:
21:Crane (disambiguation)
3683:Paleobiology Database
3056:Crane sounds overview
3004:penelope.uchicago.edu
2919:Scobie, Alex (1975).
2741:Wessling, B. (2003).
1798:Pine, Plum and Cranes
1517:
1505:
1482:
1473:Further information:
1447:
1397:
1361:
1346:
1339:Behaviour and ecology
1268:
1139:
420:
401:
352:
305:
3569:Fauna Europaea (new)
3063:Cranes of the World,
2785:10.1675/063.041.0111
182:are a type of large
3334:or Eurasian crane (
3176:Black crowned crane
2521:2022Ecol..103E3707R
1742:, the women of the
667:Antigone canadensis
585:Black crowned crane
407:Balearica regulorum
51:Antigone canadensis
3352:Black-necked crane
3186:Grey crowned crane
2977:10.5209/GERI.56960
2901:. Classics.mit.edu
2847:. (Third Series).
2192:10.1007/BF00609454
1966:; Donsker, David;
1655:History of Animals
1600:The Satanic Verses
1524:
1512:
1500:
1454:
1424:white-naped cranes
1404:
1364:
1356:
1284:The cranes have a
1282:
1151:
996:Black-necked crane
721:Antigone rubicunda
589:Balearica pavonina
565:Grey crowned crane
430:
422:Red-crowned cranes
415:
409:) in captivity at
403:Grey crowned crane
367:
312:
292:endangered species
226:secondary feathers
3711:
3710:
3670:Open Tree of Life
3431:Taxon identifiers
3400:
3399:
3385:
3384:
3312:Red-crowned crane
3257:White-naped crane
3199:
3198:
3058:on xeno-canto.org
2878:Arthur Fox-Davies
2581:978-0-12-803555-9
2228:978-1-4081-3326-2
2162:978-2-8317-0326-8
1968:Rasmussen, Pamela
1860:Cranes folded in
1452:) pair displaying
1318:intensive farming
1270:Demoiselle cranes
1130:Antigone cubensis
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1010:
895:Red-crowned crane
874:
873:
865:
864:
770:
769:
761:
760:
752:
751:
741:Antigone antigone
690:White-naped crane
600:
599:
569:Balearica regorum
456:meaning "crane".
444:, it is named by
363:Antigone antigone
324:red-crowned crane
257:, eggs of birds,
188:biological family
177:
176:
144:
3736:
3704:
3703:
3691:
3690:
3678:
3677:
3665:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3642:
3641:
3639:NBNSYS0000160088
3629:
3628:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3602:
3590:
3589:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3563:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3537:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3499:
3498:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3372:Demoiselle crane
3210:
3209:
3206:(typical cranes)
3161:
3160:
3157:(crowned cranes)
3124:
3117:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2895:
2889:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2666:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2632:
2615:(5): 1237–1243.
2609:Animal Behaviour
2606:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2529:10.1002/ecy.3707
2500:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2360:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2219:Christopher Helm
2210:
2204:
2203:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2116:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2029:
2003:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1960:
1914:Emory University
1909:
1894:
1882:, 19th century.
1880:Cranes and Pines
1872:
1857:
1839:
1816:
1794:
1776:
1689:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1592:
1489:Józef Chełmoński
1416:Jiangxi Province
1400:Grus nigricollis
1000:Grus nigricollis
969:
968:
942:
941:
915:
914:
888:
887:
850:Demoiselle crane
823:
822:
807:Grus carunculata
796:
795:
789:
788:
710:
709:
683:
682:
656:
655:
644:
643:
614:
613:
558:
557:
546:
545:
536:
535:
507:demoiselle crane
353:The long coiled
316:demoiselle crane
139:
67:
66:
40:
28:
27:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3699:
3694:
3686:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3660:
3658:
3650:
3645:
3637:
3632:
3624:
3619:
3611:
3606:
3598:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3433:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3393:List of species
3381:
3286:
3231:
3226:L. leucogeranus
3205:
3195:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3128:
3094:Thousand Cranes
3076:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2956:
2952:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2839:
2835:
2804:
2800:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2735:
2724:Wilson Bulletin
2719:
2713:
2706:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2556:
2552:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2481:
2474:"craneworld.de"
2472:
2471:
2467:
2449:
2443:
2436:
2399:
2392:
2377:10.2307/1364260
2358:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2251:
2244:
2229:
2221:. p. 179.
2211:
2207:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2117:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2047:
2043:
2004:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1970:, eds. (2023).
1961:
1950:
1946:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1884:Brooklyn Museum
1873:
1864:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1817:
1808:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1762:as a result of
1635:Pliny the Elder
1508:Harley Bestiary
1477:
1471:
1442:
1433:kleptoparasitic
1420:Siberian cranes
1392:
1380:
1372:breeding season
1366:The cranes are
1341:
1263:
1257:
1185:"Grus" conferta
1089:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
899:Grus japonensis
875:
866:
771:
762:
753:
601:
426:Grus japonensis
396:
390:
344:sandhill cranes
300:
284:whooping cranes
161:
138:
61:
48:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3692:
3679:
3666:
3656:
3643:
3630:
3617:
3604:
3591:
3578:
3565:
3556:Fauna Europaea
3552:
3539:
3526:
3513:
3500:
3487:
3474:
3459:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3369:
3359:
3356:G. nigricollis
3349:
3339:
3329:
3322:Whooping crane
3319:
3309:
3306:G. carunculata
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3264:
3254:
3247:Sandhill crane
3243:
3241:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3222:Siberian crane
3218:
3216:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3172:
3170:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3075:
3074:Myths and lore
3072:
3071:
3070:
3068:Paul Johnsgard
3059:
3053:
3050:Gruidae videos
3047:
3042:
3037:
3030:
3029:External links
3027:
3025:
3024:
3015:
2991:
2970:(1): 151–166.
2950:
2931:(2): 122–132.
2911:
2890:
2870:
2851:(2): 187–211.
2833:
2814:(5): 455–487.
2798:
2759:
2733:
2704:
2652:
2592:
2580:
2550:
2490:
2465:
2434:
2390:
2371:(3): 126–127.
2346:
2320:(3): 411–422.
2298:
2276:
2265:(2): 440–452.
2242:
2227:
2217:. London, UK:
2205:
2168:
2161:
2143:
2136:
2092:
2066:
2059:
2041:
2020:(4): 611–623.
1989:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1771:
1644:Clan Cranstoun
1520:Aesop's Fables
1470:
1467:
1450:Grus paradisea
1441:
1438:
1418:in China, the
1391:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1340:
1337:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1229:
1217:incertae sedis
1212:
1211:
1203:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1168:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
972:
967:
965:
962:
961:
958:
957:
945:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
926:Grus americana
922:Whooping crane
918:
913:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
891:
886:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
872:
871:
868:
867:
863:
862:
859:
858:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
834:Grus paradisea
826:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
811:
799:
794:
792:
787:
785:
777:
776:
773:
772:
768:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
755:
754:
750:
749:
746:
745:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
713:
708:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
694:Antigone vipio
686:
681:
679:
676:
675:
672:
671:
663:Sandhill crane
659:
654:
652:
642:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
624:Siberian crane
620:
612:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
598:
597:
594:
593:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
561:
556:
554:
544:
542:
534:
528:is based on a
524:The following
485:Siberian crane
459:The 15 living
394:List of cranes
389:
386:
308:sandhill crane
299:
296:
175:
174:
168:
167:
163:
162:
153:
152:
146:
145:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:sandhill crane
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3741:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3420:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3394:
3388:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3316:G. japonensis
3313:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:Wattled crane
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:A. canadensis
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3019:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
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2926:
2922:
2915:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2883:
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2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2749:on 2015-09-23
2748:
2744:
2737:
2730:(4): 648–651.
2729:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2583:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2480:on 2012-07-20
2479:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2430:
2426:
2422:
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2410:
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2319:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2137:84-87334-20-2
2133:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2062:
2060:1-85391-186-0
2056:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
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1957:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1862:origami paper
1856:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:Palace Museum
1799:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:Sadako Sasaki
1753:
1749:
1748:Arnold Genthe
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:eternal youth
1696:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1610:for crane is
1609:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1566:
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1546:
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1534:
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1521:
1516:
1509:
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1498:
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1490:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1428:hooded cranes
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1348:Common cranes
1345:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
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1279:
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1241:
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1220:
1219:
1218:
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1200:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:Ciconiiformes
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
990:
987:
986:
983:
981:
977:
971:
970:
964:
963:
960:
959:
956:
954:
950:
944:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
927:
923:
917:
916:
910:
909:
906:
905:
902:
900:
896:
890:
889:
883:
882:
879:
878:
870:
869:
861:
860:
857:
855:
851:
845:
844:
841:
840:
837:
835:
831:
825:
824:
818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
808:
804:
803:Wattled crane
798:
797:
791:
790:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
774:
766:
765:
757:
756:
748:
747:
744:
742:
738:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
722:
718:
712:
711:
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
695:
691:
685:
684:
678:
677:
674:
673:
670:
668:
664:
658:
657:
651:
650:
646:
645:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
629:
625:
619:
616:
615:
609:
608:
605:
604:
596:
595:
592:
590:
586:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
570:
566:
560:
559:
553:
552:
548:
547:
541:
538:
537:
533:
531:
527:
522:
520:
519:wattled crane
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
446:Carl Linnaeus
443:
439:
435:
427:
423:
419:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
345:
341:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
309:
304:
295:
293:
289:
285:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
248:
244:
243:South America
240:
235:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
216:
211:
210:
205:
204:
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
173:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
151:
147:
142:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
122:Superfamily:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
3438:
3375:
3366:G. paradisea
3365:
3355:
3345:
3342:Hooded crane
3335:
3332:Common crane
3326:G. americana
3325:
3315:
3305:
3291:
3281:A. rubicunda
3280:
3270:
3260:
3250:
3236:
3225:
3214:Leucogeranus
3213:
3190:B. regulorum
3189:
3179:
3165:
3155:Balearicinae
3146:
3130:
3062:
3018:
3007:. Retrieved
3003:
2994:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2903:. Retrieved
2893:
2881:
2873:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2779:(1): 80–86.
2776:
2772:
2762:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:the original
2736:
2727:
2723:
2672:
2668:
2655:
2612:
2608:
2595:
2585:, retrieved
2563:
2553:
2515:(6): e3707.
2512:
2508:
2482:. Retrieved
2478:the original
2468:
2459:
2453:
2415:(1): 79–89.
2412:
2406:
2368:
2362:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2317:
2311:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2279:
2262:
2258:
2214:
2208:
2186:(1): 43–58.
2183:
2177:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2120:
2083:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2050:
2044:
2017:
2011:
1982:30 September
1980:. Retrieved
1975:
1897:
1879:
1875:
1847:Olaus Magnus
1797:
1779:
1752:World War II
1729:
1719:
1715:Five Animals
1692:
1683:
1672:
1653:
1648:
1633:
1605:
1599:
1570:
1563:
1553:
1525:
1507:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1448:Blue crane (
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1381:
1365:
1351:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1302:Anthropoides
1301:
1297:
1294:Leucogeranus
1293:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1245:
1239:nomen dubium
1237:
1233:Probalearica
1231:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1144:
1128:
1105:Biogeography
1090:
999:
994:
980:Grus monacha
979:
976:Hooded crane
974:
952:
949:Common crane
947:
925:
920:
898:
893:
853:
848:
833:
828:
806:
801:
780:
740:
735:
720:
715:
693:
688:
666:
661:
647:
627:
622:
618:Leucogeranus
617:
588:
583:
568:
563:
549:
523:
514:
503:Anthropoides
502:
496:
493:Leucogeranus
492:
483:genera, the
481:monophyletic
477:polyphyletic
472:
458:
453:
441:
438:common crane
431:
425:
406:
371:
368:
362:
328:
313:
252:
236:
229:
219:
215:Leucogeranus
213:
207:
201:
190:
179:
178:
171:
156:
135:
50:
25:
3595:iNaturalist
3463:Wikispecies
3271:A. antigone
3267:Sarus crane
3180:B. pavonina
2690:10261/77900
2675:: 330–339.
2630:10261/46357
1964:Gill, Frank
1744:Ainu people
1300:(including
1225:Eobalearica
1099:(around 35
737:Sarus crane
411:Martin Mere
359:sarus crane
320:sarus crane
298:Description
3718:Categories
3362:Blue crane
3346:G. monacha
3139:Gruiformes
3086:link, was
3009:2024-04-19
2905:2012-07-29
2773:Waterbirds
2753:2012-03-21
2587:2024-04-19
2484:2012-07-29
2462:: 179–181.
1944:References
1937:Gruiformes
1878:(Korean),
1687:turna teli
1679:Hephaestus
1668:touchstone
1624:cranesbill
1558:epic poet
1402:) foraging
1322:Eucalyptus
1274:Grus virgo
1259:See also:
1199:Geranopsis
1164:Palaeogrus
1146:Ergilornis
854:Grus virgo
830:Blue crane
511:blue crane
442:Ardea grus
392:See also:
263:amphibians
239:Antarctica
198:Gruiformes
150:Type genus
116:Gruiformes
3167:Balearica
2986:1988-3080
2945:0015-587X
2865:145356486
2828:169152694
2545:247840832
2429:133977233
2334:0019-1019
2237:659731768
2085:17 August
2036:198153258
1707:Wing Chun
1695:happiness
1650:Aristotle
1549:Australia
1352:Grus grus
1333:migratory
1326:Balearica
1306:Bugeranus
1290:Balearica
1247:Aramornis
1207:Anserpica
1141:Eogruidae
1125:Eogruidae
1109:Laurasian
1087:Evolution
953:Grus grus
551:Balearica
526:cladogram
517:(for the
515:Bugeranus
505:(for the
489:monotypic
448:from the
440:which is
231:Balearica
209:Balearica
172:See text
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
3448:Wikidata
3376:G. virgo
3261:A. vipio
3238:Antigone
2925:Folklore
2793:89705278
2699:86505359
2647:23926741
2537:35357696
2455:Forktail
2200:38224245
1921:See also
1821:Văn Miếu
1760:leukemia
1750:. After
1740:Hokkaidō
1726:tortoise
1724:and the
1711:Hung Gar
1640:heraldry
1590:gharaniq
1556:Sanskrit
1440:Breeding
1310:Antigone
1278:Mongolia
1172:Pliogrus
649:Antigone
498:Antigone
335:wetlands
203:Antigone
132:Family:
126:Gruoidea
96:Chordata
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
3724:Gruidae
3496:Gruidae
3483:Gruidae
3469:Gruidae
3439:Gruidae
3336:G. grus
3204:Gruinae
3147:Gruidae
3141:·
3084:archive
2639:9819341
2517:Bibcode
2509:Ecology
2385:1364260
2291:26 July
1843:Dwarves
1829:Vietnam
1806:Beijing
1731:origami
1660:Pygmies
1619:geranos
1613:Γερανος
1597:). See
1560:Valmiki
1485:picture
1390:Feeding
1368:diurnal
1179:Camusia
1157:Gruinae
1121:habitat
540:Gruidae
461:species
378:sternum
374:trachea
355:trachea
331:plumage
275:berries
267:insects
255:rodents
247:migrate
193:of the
191:Gruidae
166:Genera
136:Gruidae
112:Order:
102:Class:
3701:414821
3675:446460
3659:NZOR:
3626:176174
3613:104786
3548:1GRUSF
3454:Q25365
3405:Portal
3277:Brolga
3143:family
3131:Cranes
2984:
2943:
2863:
2826:
2791:
2697:
2669:Condor
2645:
2637:
2578:
2543:
2535:
2427:
2383:
2364:Condor
2339:22 May
2332:
2235:
2225:
2198:
2159:
2134:
2057:
2034:
1876:Songha
1825:Hà Nội
1722:dragon
1675:Apollo
1628:Ibycus
1583:, and
1533:Arabia
1529:Aegean
1308:) and
1113:Africa
1097:Eocene
1093:fossil
717:Brolga
513:) and
491:genus
465:genera
340:common
279:clutch
265:, and
218:, and
180:Cranes
143:, 1825
141:Vigors
31:Crane
3696:WoRMS
3688:39499
3608:IRMNG
3561:10763
3522:625DG
3419:Birds
3135:order
2861:S2CID
2824:S2CID
2789:S2CID
2720:(PDF)
2695:S2CID
2665:(PDF)
2643:S2CID
2605:(PDF)
2541:S2CID
2450:(PDF)
2425:S2CID
2381:JSTOR
2359:(PDF)
2196:S2CID
2128:60–81
2032:S2CID
1932:Stork
1927:Heron
1780:Crane
1703:China
1701:. In
1608:Greek
1595:gloss
1585:Manāt
1577:Allāt
1573:Mecca
1565:śloka
1545:Japan
1541:Korea
1537:China
1384:calls
1276:) in
452:word
450:Latin
382:calls
271:grain
195:order
3652:9109
3647:NCBI
3621:ITIS
3587:9313
3582:GBIF
3543:EPPO
3535:7586
3509:1460
3504:BOLD
3293:Grus
3096:lore
3088:dead
2982:ISSN
2941:ISSN
2635:PMID
2576:ISBN
2533:PMID
2341:2024
2330:ISSN
2313:Ibis
2293:2024
2233:OCLC
2223:ISBN
2157:ISBN
2132:ISBN
2087:2022
2055:ISBN
1984:2023
1697:and
1677:and
1664:Nile
1606:The
1581:Uzza
1554:The
1493:1870
1304:and
1298:Grus
1091:The
782:Grus
509:and
473:Grus
467:. A
454:grus
434:Grus
413:, UK
342:and
329:The
273:and
259:fish
241:and
221:Grus
184:bird
158:Grus
106:Aves
3634:NBN
3530:EoL
3517:CoL
3491:AFD
3478:ADW
3066:by
2972:doi
2933:doi
2853:doi
2816:doi
2781:doi
2728:101
2685:hdl
2677:doi
2673:115
2625:hdl
2617:doi
2568:doi
2525:doi
2513:103
2417:doi
2413:119
2408:Emu
2373:doi
2322:doi
2318:144
2267:doi
2263:127
2259:Auk
2188:doi
2184:161
2022:doi
2018:111
1571:In
1531:,
1487:by
1101:mya
521:).
269:to
3720::
3698::
3685::
3672::
3649::
3636::
3623::
3610::
3600:23
3597::
3584::
3571::
3558::
3545::
3532::
3519::
3506::
3493::
3480::
3465::
3450::
3145::
3137::
3002:.
2980:.
2968:35
2966:.
2962:.
2939:.
2929:86
2927:.
2923:.
2880:,
2859:.
2849:19
2822:.
2812:26
2810:.
2787:.
2777:41
2775:.
2771:.
2726:.
2722:.
2707:^
2693:.
2683:.
2671:.
2667:.
2641:.
2633:.
2623:.
2613:56
2611:.
2607:.
2574:,
2562:,
2539:.
2531:.
2523:.
2511:.
2507:.
2493:^
2460:22
2458:.
2452:.
2437:^
2423:.
2411:.
2405:.
2393:^
2379:.
2369:44
2367:.
2361:.
2328:.
2316:.
2310:.
2261:.
2257:.
2245:^
2231:.
2194:.
2182:.
2130:.
2095:^
2077:.
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