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263:. Middle Eastern courtyard houses reflect the nomadic influences of the region. Instead of officially designating rooms for cooking, sleeping, etc., these activities were relocated throughout the year as appropriate to accommodate the changes in temperature and the position of the sun. Often the flat rooftops of these structures were used for sleeping in warm weather. In some Islamic cultures, private courtyards provided the only outdoor space for women to relax unobserved. Convective cooling through transition spaces between multiple-courtyard buildings in the Middle East has also been observed.
74:
331:), is an arrangement of several individual houses around a square. Each house belongs to a different family member, and additional houses are created behind this arrangement to accommodate additional family members as needed. The Chinese courtyard is a place of privacy and tranquility, almost always incorporating a garden and water feature. In some cases, houses are constructed with multiple courtyards that increase in privacy as they recede from the street. Strangers would be received in the outermost courtyard, with the innermost ones being reserved for close friends and family members.
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With space at a premium, architects are experimenting with courtyards as a way to provide outdoor space for small communities of people at a time. A courtyard surrounded by 12 houses, for example, would provide a shared park-like space for those families, who could take pride in ownership of the space. Though this might sound like a modern-day solution to an inner city problem, the grouping of houses around a shared courtyard was common practice among the
484:
429:, a miniature version of an open courtyard, sometimes covered with glass or a translucent material. Central patios provide natural light to common areas and space for potted outdoor plants. In Gilgit/Baltistan, Pakistan, courtyards were traditionally used for public gatherings where village related issues were discussed. These were different from jirgahs, which are a tradition of the tribal regions of Pakistan.
911:
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More and more, architects are investigating ways that courtyards can play a role in the development of today's homes and cities. In densely populated areas, a courtyard in a home can provide privacy for a family, a break from the frantic pace of everyday life, and a safe place for children to play.
318:
The medieval
European farmhouse embodies what we think of today as one of the most archetypal examples of a courtyard house—four buildings arranged around a square courtyard with a steep roof covered by thatch. The central courtyard was used for working, gathering, and sometimes keeping small
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in the early 1890s and flourished into the 1920s. They are characterized primarily by a low height, a structure along three sides of a rectangular or square lot, and an open court extending perpendicular to the street. The courtyards are generally deeper than they are wide, but many finer ones are
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to describe a glass-covered courtyard. Roman atrium houses were built side by side along the street. They were one-storey homes without windows that took in light from the entrance and from the central atrium. The hearth, which used to inhabit the centre of the home, was relocated, and the Roman
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Courtyard homes are more prevalent in temperate climates, as an open central court can be an important aid to cooling house in warm weather. However, courtyard houses have been found in harsher climates as well for centuries. The comforts offered by a courtyard—air, light,
191:, on the northern bank of the Yarmouk River, giving the site a special significance in architectural history. Courtyards have historically been used for many purposes including cooking, sleeping, working, playing, gardening, and even places to keep animals.
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to escape. Over time, these small openings were enlarged and eventually led to the development of the centralized open courtyard we know today. Courtyard homes have been designed and built throughout the world with many variations.
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Courtyards are common elements in both
Western and Eastern building patterns and have been used by both ancient and contemporary architects as a typical and traditional building feature. Such spaces in
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livestock. An elevated walkway frequently ran around two or three sides of the courtyards in the houses. Such structures afforded protection, and could even be made defensible.
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338:; for example, one wing of the house may be for entertaining/dining, and the other wing may be for sleeping/family/privacy. This is exemplified by the
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814:"Thermal Comfort through the Microclimates of the Courtyard. A Critical Review of the Middle-eastern Courtyard House as a Climatic Response"
215:, security, and tranquility—are properties nearly universally desired in human housing. Almost all courtyards use natural elements.
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315:. This created a colonnaded walkway around the perimeter of the courtyard, which influenced monastic structures centuries later.
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307:. These homes frequently incorporated a second open-air area, the garden, which would be surrounded by Greek-style
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and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of
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In a more contemporary version of the
Chinese model, a courtyard can also can be used to separate a home into
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Courtyards—private open spaces surrounded by walls or buildings—have been in use in residential
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820:. Urban Planning and Architectural Design for Sustainable Development (UPADSD).
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atrium most often contained a central pool used to collect rainwater, called an
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for almost as long as people have lived in constructed dwellings. The
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The courtyard and the pool in Rakib-khaaneh mansion in
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Enclosed area, often by a building, that is open to the sky
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derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed space. See
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Garfinkel Y. 1993. "The
Yarmukian Culture in Israel".
783:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. IX.
748:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 27.
713:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 26.
780:Courtyards: Aesthetic, Social, and Thermal Delight
745:Courtyards: Aesthetic, Social, and Thermal Delight
710:Courtyards: Aesthetic, Social, and Thermal Delight
218:
1973:
365:A courtyard apartment building type appeared in
950:
327:The traditional Chinese courtyard house, (e.g.
105:is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a
874:Atrium: Five Thousand Years of Open Courtyards
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296:to refer to such an area, reserving the word
855:History of Civilization - The Ancient World
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259:Courtyards were widely used in the ancient
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929:
137:for the relation of this set of words. In
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818:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
884:Atrium Buildings: Development and Design
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393:replica, the courtyard, Pocatello, Idaho
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282:The central uncovered area in a Roman
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890:1983, The Architectural Press, London
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109:or complex, that is open to the sky.
812:Abdulkareem, Haval A. (2016-01-06).
677:
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567:, Antonio Ballvé Penitentiary Museum
292:. Today, we generally use the term
24:
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187:at Sha'ar HaGolan, in the central
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2003:
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857:, Lorenz Educational Press, p. 10
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219:Comparison throughout the world
180:–6000 BC (calibrated), in the
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141:courtyards are often known as
91:Various examples of courtyards
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831:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.054
591:Beit Ghazaleh, Aleppo, Syria
523:Tripoli, the Karamanli House
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682:Ernest, Raha (2011-12-16).
611:
604:The Abbey, Sutton Courtenay
173:makes its first appearance
10:
2008:
777:Reynolds, John S. (2002).
742:Reynolds, John S. (2002).
707:Reynolds, John S. (2002).
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32:Courtyard (disambiguation)
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894:A History of Architecture
651:. Routledge. p. 149.
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1664:Multi-family residential
688:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk
649:Encyclopedia of the City
342:in Baltimore, Maryland.
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243:The Court of the Lions,
194:Before courtyards, open
900:1995, The Oxford Press.
1992:Architectural elements
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918:at Wikimedia Commons
647:Caves, R. W. (2004).
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880:1985, Wepf & Co.
853:Tim McNeese (1999),
618:Hakka walled village
509:City Palace, Udaipur
350:Oak Ridge Apartments
121:. Both of the words
30:For other uses, see
1110: / Guest room
1586:Servants' quarters
539:, Edmonton, Canada
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354:Evanston, Illinois
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563:Central patio in
401:The courtyard of
235:, 5th century AD.
227:Courtyard in the
157:Courtyard in the
16:(Redirected from
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1199:
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1188:
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1119:
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1111:
1109:
1106:
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1099:
1098:
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1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:Private rooms
1087:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:billiard room
1061:
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1047:
1044:
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1037:
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1032:
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1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:dirty kitchen
1015:
1014:
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1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
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998:
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993:
990:
988:
985:
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975:
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965:
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946:
941:
939:
934:
932:
927:
926:
923:
919:
917:
912:
899:
895:
892:
889:
888:Richard Saxon
885:
882:
879:
878:Werner Blaser
875:
872:
871:
865:
864:9780787703875
861:
858:
856:
849:
841:
837:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
800:
796:
792:
790:0-471-39884-5
786:
782:
781:
773:
765:
761:
757:
755:0-471-39884-5
751:
747:
746:
738:
730:
726:
722:
720:0-471-39884-5
716:
712:
711:
703:
689:
685:
678:
676:
669:.1:115 – 134.
668:
664:
658:
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629:
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621:
619:
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554:
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531:
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519:
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510:
504:
499:
495:
491:
490:Saint-Émilion
485:
480:
476:
469:
464:
460:
454:
449:
442:
437:
436:
430:
428:
424:
423:San Francisco
419:
417:
408:
404:
403:Kaapelitehdas
399:
392:
388:
379:
377:
373:
368:
361:United States
355:
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208:
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197:
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189:Jordan Valley
186:
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146:
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132:
128:
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100:
84:
75:
64:
55:
44:
33:
19:
1839:Roof lantern
1591:Smoking room
1561:Long gallery
1541:Drawing room
1535:
1527:Conservatory
1434:Storm cellar
1405:Storage room
1401:Utility room
1397:Laundry room
1373:Furnace room
964:Shared rooms
908:
898:Spiro Kostof
893:
883:
873:
854:
848:
821:
817:
807:
779:
772:
744:
737:
709:
702:
691:. Retrieved
687:
666:
662:
657:
648:
642:
565:Buenos Aires
537:ING Building
420:
412:
376:health codes
364:
340:Hooper House
333:
326:
317:
311:, forming a
302:
297:
293:
287:
281:
265:
258:
209:
193:
167:architecture
164:
149:Historic use
139:universities
126:
122:
111:
102:
98:
96:
1932:Home repair
1729:Belt course
1637:Hidden room
1566:Lumber room
1482:Antechamber
1473:Great house
1453:Wine cellar
1424:Root cellar
1377:Boiler room
1358:Crawl space
1029:Living room
1022:kitchenette
1007:Home cinema
992:Family room
987:Dining room
977:Common room
824:: 662–674.
261:Middle East
255:Middle East
247:, Granada,
233:Teotihuacan
178: 6400
143:quadrangles
1982:Courtyards
1976:Categories
1942:Tree house
1912:Front yard
1844:Sill plate
1792:Foundation
1734:Bressummer
1647:house plan
1616:Undercroft
1601:State room
1551:Great hall
1520:still room
1187:dumbwaiter
1172:Cubby-hole
1002:Great room
972:Bonus room
916:Courtyards
693:2020-01-12
663:Paléorient
634:References
628:Tsubo-niwa
494:Romanesque
309:colonnades
18:Courtyards
1866:Threshold
1749:Colonnade
1694:Townhouse
1632:Furniture
1536:Courtyard
1438:Safe room
1348:Cloakroom
1316:Technical
1306:Vestibule
1291:Staircase
1230:Inglenook
1203:Fireplace
1162:Breezeway
1034:Gynaeceum
840:1877-0428
606:, England
459:Daisen-in
409:, Finland
391:Fort Hall
356:from 1914
313:peristyle
304:impluvium
294:courtyard
182:Neolithic
99:courtyard
1907:Driveway
1902:Backyard
1861:Skylight
1824:Plumbing
1819:Ornament
1814:Lighting
1724:Baluster
1712:elements
1684:Detached
1679:Terraced
1531:Orangery
1510:scullery
1487:Ballroom
1463:Workshop
1448:Wardrobe
1436: /
1403: /
1399: /
1375: /
1338:Basement
1270:sleeping
1265:screened
1250:Overhang
1194:Entryway
1182:Elevator
1096:Bathroom
1051:man cave
799:46422024
764:46422024
729:46422024
612:See also
407:Helsinki
329:siheyuan
245:Alhambra
161:, Poland
107:building
1895:Related
1871:Transom
1763:Cornice
1753:Portico
1744:Chimney
1739:Ceiling
1571:Parlour
1556:Library
1515:spicery
1505:saucery
1500:buttery
1343:Carport
1325:storage
1320:utility
1301:Veranda
1296:Terrace
1225:Hallway
1157:Balcony
1136:Nursery
1131:Cabinet
1126:Boudoir
1108:Bedroom
1080:Sunroom
1012:Kitchen
623:Yaodong
511:, India
477:, Italy
433:Gallery
367:Chicago
272:Kitchen
213:privacy
200:ceiling
1959:
1917:Garden
1886:Window
1829:Quoins
1807:Portal
1758:Column
1674:Duplex
1652:styles
1611:Turret
1443:Studio
1419:Pantry
1392:Larder
1382:Garage
1353:Closet
1287:Stairs
1245:Loggia
1208:hearth
1198:Genkan
1152:Atrium
1145:Spaces
1114:closet
1101:toilet
1070:Shrine
1046:Andron
997:Garret
862:
838:
797:
787:
762:
752:
727:
717:
298:atrium
289:atrium
278:Europe
135:garden
1876:Vault
1849:Style
1797:Gable
1787:Floor
1767:Eaves
1657:types
1642:House
1625:Other
1596:Solar
1576:Sauna
1475:areas
1414:floor
1333:Attic
1260:Porch
1255:Patio
1235:Lanai
1215:Foyer
1075:Study
1039:harem
956:house
952:Rooms
896:, by
886:, by
876:, by
496:ruins
427:patio
416:Incas
336:wings
323:China
284:domus
249:Spain
204:smoke
196:fires
123:court
119:court
103:court
1987:Home
1937:Shed
1922:Home
1881:Wall
1854:list
1834:Roof
1802:Gate
1777:Door
1772:Dome
1719:Arch
1323:and
1277:Ramp
1240:Loft
1220:Hall
1177:Deck
860:ISBN
836:ISSN
795:OCLC
785:ISBN
760:OCLC
750:ISBN
725:OCLC
715:ISBN
475:Rome
133:and
131:yard
127:yard
125:and
115:inns
1782:Ell
982:Den
826:doi
822:216
492:'s
421:In
405:in
352:in
101:or
1978::
1765:/
1751:/
1529:/
1412:/
1318:,
834:.
816:.
793:.
758:.
723:.
686:.
674:^
667:19
665:,
268:Ur
175:c.
145:.
97:A
1289:/
1196:/
944:e
937:t
930:v
842:.
828::
801:.
766:.
731:.
696:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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