2074:
5064:" is a circle twenty-eight times as big as the Earth, with the outline similar to that of a fire-filled chariot wheel, on which appears a mouth in certain places and through which it exposes its fire, as through the hole on a flute. the Sun is equal to the Earth, but the circle on which it breathes and on which it's borne is twenty-seven times as big as the whole earth. is when the mouth from which comes the fire heat is closed. is a circle nineteen times as big as the whole earth, all filled with fire, like that of the Sun".
49:
7191:
7687:
7045:
1729:
1206:
7677:
2168:
7876:
7900:
7697:
7852:
6022:
1741:
2752:, each of them rotating around its own and different axis and at different paces. There are twenty-seven homocentric spheres with each sphere explaining a type of observable motion for each celestial object. Eudoxus emphasised that this is a purely mathematical construct of the model in the sense that the spheres of each celestial body do not exist, it just shows the possible positions of the bodies.
7888:
7056:
7864:
5131:
in between their indivisible and their corporeal, divisible counterparts. And he took the three mixtures and mixed them together to make a uniform mixture, forcing the
Different, which was hard to mix, into conformity with the Same. Now when he had mixed these two with Being, and from the three had
2089:
Cosmology deals with the world as the totality of space, time and all phenomena. Historically, it has had quite a broad scope, and in many cases was found in religion. Some questions about the
Universe are beyond the scope of scientific inquiry but may still be interrogated through appeals to other
2553:
The Earth floats very still in the centre of the infinite, not supported by anything. At the origin, after the separation of hot and cold, a ball of flame appeared that surrounded Earth like bark on a tree. This ball broke apart to form the rest of the
Universe. It resembled a system of hollow
2441:
The
Universe is unchanging, uniform, perfect, necessary, timeless, and neither generated nor perishable. Void is impossible. Plurality and change are products of epistemic ignorance derived from sense experience. Temporal and spatial limits are arbitrary and relative to the Parmenidean whole.
2347:
According to
Zoroastrian Cosmology, the universe is the manifestation of perpetual conflict between Existence and non-existence, Good and evil and light and darkness. the universe will remain in this state for 12000 years; at the time of resurrection, the two elements will be separated again.
3607:; consists of a finite spherical cloud of particles (or galaxies) that expands within an infinite and otherwise empty flat space. It has a center and a cosmic edge (surface of the particle cloud) that expands at light speed. Explanation of gravity was elaborate and unconvincing.
5538:
About 4.6 billion years ago, the solar nebula transformed into the present solar system. In order to chemically model the processes which drove that transformation, we would, ideally, like to have a sample of that original nebula to use as a baseline from which we can track
1070:
Physical cosmology is the branch of physics and astrophysics that deals with the study of the physical origins and evolution of the universe. It also includes the study of the nature of the universe on a large scale. In its earliest form, it was what is now known as
3631:
Class of universes that are homogeneous and isotropic. Spacetime separates into uniformly curved space and cosmic time common to all co-moving observers. The formulation system is now known as the FLRW or
Robertson–Walker metrics of cosmic time and curved space.
2619:
revolve uniformly. The Sun revolves around the central fire once a year, the stars are immobile. The Earth in its motion maintains the same hidden face towards the central fire, hence it is never seen. First known non-geocentric model of the
Universe.
3539:Λ is positive and has a magnitude greater than gravity. Universe has initial high-density state ("primeval atom"). Followed by a two-stage expansion. Λ is used to destabilize the universe. (Lemaître is considered the father of the Big Bang model.)
3772:
Based on the concept of hot inflation. The universe is viewed as a multiple quantum flux – hence its bubble-like nature. Other universes are formed from other bubbles. Ongoing cosmic expansion kept the bubbles separated and moving apart.
1045:'s observation that a man's place in that relationship: "He who does not know what the world is does not know where he is, and he who does not know for what purpose the world exists, does not know who he is, nor what the world is."
2641:
There are "five elements, situated in spheres in five regions, the less being in each case surrounded by the greater – namely, earth surrounded by water, water by air, air by fire, and fire by ether – make up the whole
Universe."
5122:
that is indivisible and always changeless, and the one that is divisible and comes to be in the corporeal realm, he mixed a third, intermediate form of being, derived from the other two. Similarly, he made a mixture of the
3799:
based on the concept of cold inflation, in which inflationary events occur at random each with independent initial conditions; some expand into bubble universes supposedly like the entire cosmos. Bubbles nucleate in a
1890:
have transformed cosmology from a largely speculative science into a predictive science with precise agreement between theory and observation. These advances include observations of the microwave background from the
2554:
concentric wheels, filled with fire, with the rims pierced by holes like those of a flute; no heavenly bodies as such, only light through the holes. Three wheels, in order outwards from Earth: stars (including
1800:
seen in telescopes were separate galaxies far distant from our own. While Heber Curtis argued for the idea that spiral nebulae were star systems in their own right as island universes, Mount Wilson astronomer
1138:
and also allowed the anomalies in previous systems, caused by gravitational interaction between the planets, to be resolved. A fundamental difference between Newton's cosmology and those preceding it was the
5132:
made a single mixture, he redivided the whole mixture into as many parts as his task required, each part remaining a mixture of the Same, the
Different and Being." (35a–b), translation Donald J. Zeyl.
2143:
Does the existence of consciousness have a role in the existence of reality? How do we know what we know about the totality of the cosmos? Does cosmological reasoning reveal metaphysical truths? (see
5450:
Melvyn Bragg discusses shape, size and topology of the universe and examines theories about its expansion. If it is already infinite, how can it be getting any bigger? And is there really only one?
3005:(embodied souls) exist in exactly one universe at a time. All universes manifest from the same matter, and so they all follow parallel time cycles, manifesting and unmanifesting at the same time.
2464:
Prakriti (Matter) is the source of the world of becoming. It is pure potentiality that evolves itself successively into twenty four tattvas or principles. The evolution itself is possible because
2381:, or universe, as an uncreated entity, existing since infinity, the shape of the universe as similar to a man standing with legs apart and arm resting on his waist. This Universe, according to
3560:
Time is endless and beginningless; thus avoids the beginning-of-time paradox. Perpetual cycles of Big Bang followed by Big Crunch. (Einstein's first choice after he rejected his 1917 model.)
5375:
2584:) and the void of infinite extent. All atoms are made of the same substance, but differ in size and shape. Objects are formed from atom aggregations and decay back into atoms. Incorporates
1038:, cosmology is broken down into uranology (the science of the heavens), aerology (the science of the air), geology (the science of the continents), and hydrology (the science of waters).
2844:
added another level of complexity and allowed astronomers to predict the positions of the planets. The most successful universe model of all time, using the criterion of longevity. The
3508:= 0. Said to be infinite (but ambiguous). "Unbounded cosmos of limited extent". Expands forever. "Simplest" of all known universes. Named after but not considered by Friedmann. Has a
64:), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years; the observable universe is estimated to contain more than 2 trillion galaxies.
3180:
Rejects the idea of a hierarchical universe. Earth and Sun have no special properties in comparison with the other heavenly bodies. The void between the stars is filled with
6920:
4243:
4115:"Have Dark Forces Been Messing With the Cosmos? – Axions? Phantom energy? Astrophysicists scramble to patch a hole in the universe, rewriting cosmic history in the process"
3992:
3577:
Static
Einstein 1917 universe with its instability disturbed into expansion mode; with relentless matter dilution becomes a De Sitter universe. Λ dominates gravity.
5823:
1330:
6860:
1158:
in the paper "Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity" (although this paper was not widely available outside of Germany until the end of
2909:
around either the Earth or Sun; uncertain whether the model is geocentric or heliocentric due to planetary orbits given with respect to both the Earth and Sun.
3676:
Matter creation rate maintains constant density. But since matter creation rate must be exactly balanced with the space expansion rate the system is unstable.
3280:
System of huge swirling whirlpools of aethereal or fine matter produces gravitational effects. But his vacuum was not empty; all space was filled with matter.
3134:. The Sun is in the center of the universe, planets including Earth orbit the Sun, but the Moon orbits the Earth. The universe is limited by the sphere of the
4186:
7308:
4608:; Mather, J. C.; Weiss, R.; Bennett, C. L.; Cheng, E. S.; Dwek, E.; Gulkis, S.; Hauser, M. G.; Janssen, M. A.; Kelsall, T.; Meyer, S. S. (1 October 1992).
3257:
Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle. Matter on the large scale is uniformly distributed. Gravitationally balanced but unstable.
7093:
5756:
1701:
4077:
3612:
1041:
Metaphysical cosmology has also been described as the placing of humans in the universe in relationship to all other entities. This is exemplified by
998:
was shaped through both mathematics and observation in an analysis of the whole universe. The universe is generally understood to have begun with the
2415:
form a unit within infinite "waters of chaos"; the Earth is flat and circular, and a solid dome (the "firmament") keeps out the outer "chaos"-ocean.
5766:
2928:
The universe consists of stacked flat layers, including seven levels of heaven and in some interpretations seven levels of earth (including hell)
2667:
is finite and surrounded by an infinite void. It is in a state of flux, and pulsates in size and undergoes periodic upheavals and conflagrations.
226:. Physical cosmology is a sub-branch of astronomy that is concerned with the universe as a whole. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the
5498:
2840:, each having a center that moved in a larger circular orbit (called an eccentric or a deferent) around a center-point near Earth. The use of
7743:
3027:
There exists an infinite outer space beyond the known world, and God has the power to fill the vacuum with an infinite number of universes.
259:
has described cosmology as a "historical science" because "when we look out in space, we look back in time" due to the finite nature of the
60:
ever photographed at that time. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have
3655:
Matter creation rate maintains constant density. Continuous creation out of nothing from nowhere. Exponential expansion. Deceleration term
1784:
In parallel to this dynamic approach to cosmology, one long-standing debate about the structure of the cosmos was coming to a climax – the
1771:
1126:
956:
3603:
Rejects general relativity and the expanding space paradigm. Gravity not included as initial assumption. Obeys cosmological principle and
2817:
Earth rotates daily on its axis and revolves annually about the Sun in a circular orbit. Sphere of fixed stars is centered about the Sun.
1946:. However, this result was later found to be spurious: the supposed evidence of gravitational waves was in fact due to interstellar dust.
755:
7705:
2018:. Creation myths are found in most religions, and are typically split into five different classifications, based on a system created by
5695:
4871:
2952:, who argues against the ancient Greek notion of an infinite past. Logical arguments supporting a finite universe are developed by the
3262:
7700:
2321:
for an equal length of time. Innumerable universes exist simultaneously. These cycles have and will last forever, driven by desires.
305:
879:
3873:
fragments universe into large number of disconnected patches. The observable patch contracts containing only dark energy with zero
2794:
2085:. Distance from the Sun increases from center to edge. Planets and other celestial bodies were enlarged to appreciate their shapes.
4097:
7086:
5843:
5576:
These notes form an introduction to cosmology with special emphasis on large scale structure, the cmb anisotropy and inflation.
492:
4853:
1182:
to study very distant objects. Physicists began changing the assumption that the universe was static and unchanging. In 1922,
6890:
6058:
5554:
5385:
5298:
4712:
4337:
4055:
4028:
1868:
4446:"G. DELSAULX. — Sur une propriété de la diffraction des ondes planes; Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles; 1882"
6990:
6910:
6007:
1505:
4926:
5936:
5579:
Lectures given at the Summer School in High Energy Physics and Cosmology, ICTP (Trieste) 1993.) 60 pages, plus 5 Figures.
4020:
Encyclopedia of Cosmology (Routledge Revivals): Historical, Philosophical, and Scientific Foundations of Modern Cosmology
3130:
2876:
The Earth is at rest in the center of the universe and circled by the Moon, the Sun, three planets and the stars, while
2232:
2048:
Emergence myths in which progenitors pass through a series of worlds and metamorphoses until reaching the present world.
479:
7432:
5488:
2781:, which are material and crystalline. Universe exists unchanged throughout eternity. Contains a fifth element, called
2204:
994:
have played central roles in shaping our understanding of the universe through scientific observation and experiment.
7736:
7690:
7079:
5771:
5412:
5238:
4699:. SIGGRAPH '18. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Association for Computing Machinery. 12 August 2018. p. 1.
4668:
4312:
3955:
2251:
2157:
1714:
78:
7242:
3324:. Curvature is set equal to Λ. In effect Λ is equivalent to a repulsive force which counteracts gravity. Unstable.
1764:
3233:
Kepler's discoveries, marrying mathematics and physics, provided the foundation for the present conception of the
2358:
7540:
7514:
6840:
5864:
5638:
2601:
2211:
1347:
457:
5926:
5761:
5688:
5089:
3920:
3466:
2189:
1709:
1433:
1423:
7323:
7710:
7427:
7381:
7363:
6696:
6606:
6581:
6492:
5869:
5797:
2592:: "nothing happens at random; everything happens out of reason and necessity". The universe was not ruled by
2136:
What is the ultimate reason (if any) for the existence of the universe? Does the cosmos have a purpose? (see
1352:
1275:
298:
179:
129:
118:
87:
5118:"The components from which he made the soul and the way in which he made it were as follows: In between the
4327:
4114:
4074:
584:
7729:
7025:
6131:
4784:
3320:"Matter without motion". Contains uniformly distributed matter. Uniformly curved spherical space; based on
3010:
2395:
2218:
1817:
1131:
815:
795:
207:
17:
5473:
The history of cosmology is a grand story of discovery, from ancient Greek astronomy to -space telescopes.
2041:
creation in which a diver, usually a bird or amphibian sent by a creator, plunges to the seabed through a
7925:
7417:
6900:
5787:
5001:
3930:
3200:
1943:
1757:
1733:
1280:
523:
7842:
7232:
7005:
6471:
6086:
5982:
5967:
5792:
5728:
3743:
varies with time as universe expands. "But nobody is quite sure what Mach's principle actually means."
3181:
2782:
2508:
2185:
2098:
What is the origin of the universe? What is its first cause (if any)? Is its existence necessary? (see
1908:
1892:
1693:
1499:
1479:
1287:
1232:
275:
165:
32:
5079:
2200:
6741:
6576:
6196:
6051:
5838:
5681:
5662:
4354:
3419:
3340:
2390:
1325:
1007:
775:
53:
5165:
5153:
5141:
4268:
3706:
and thus a bubble-like nature. Other universes are formed from other bubbles. Ongoing cosmic matter-
253:
7647:
7585:
7449:
7343:
7295:
7148:
7102:
7015:
6950:
6002:
5807:
5633:. The Sophia Centre for the Study of Cosmology in Culture, University of Wales Trinity Saint David.
3960:
3778:
3376:
3209:
3157:
A universe in which the planets orbit the Sun and the Sun orbits the Earth, similar to the earlier
3114:
2953:
2638:
The Universe is a system made up of heaven and Earth and the elements which are contained in them.
1912:
1836:
in 1923 and 1924. Their distance established spiral nebulae well beyond the edge of the Milky Way.
1813:
1785:
1494:
1259:
291:
7794:
7469:
7444:
7422:
7353:
7222:
7128:
6880:
6810:
6691:
6476:
6156:
5992:
5652:
5377:
A Traveler's Guide to the Afterlife: Traditions and Beliefs on Death, Dying, and What Lies Beyond
3940:
3905:
3361:
2178:
2035:
in which the creation is through the thought, word, dream or bodily secretions of a divine being.
1887:
1462:
1342:
1115:
1065:
630:
231:
5024:
2855:
7620:
7567:
7391:
7376:
6752:
6646:
6626:
6503:
6431:
6376:
6299:
6081:
5900:
3945:
3888:
3839:
3718:
3622:
3618:
3509:
2122:
2118:
2073:
1880:
1014:
532:
72:
4062:
4045:
4018:
7439:
7338:
7153:
6940:
6850:
6721:
6411:
6356:
6351:
6309:
6237:
6171:
6101:
5946:
5802:
5103:
4845:
4737:
3892:
3703:
3458:
3427:
3357:
3343:
3049:
2837:
1920:
1876:
1840:
1667:
1469:
1411:
203:
4810:
4212:
3993:"Hubble Reveals Observable Universe Contains 10 Times More Galaxies Than Previously Thought"
3105:
A universe in which the planets orbit the Sun, which orbits the Earth; similar to the later
7625:
7615:
7529:
7495:
7333:
7303:
7163:
7048:
6985:
6446:
6421:
6346:
6044:
5977:
5187:
4806:
4621:
4569:
4499:
4408:
4294:
4208:
3544:
3061:
3053:
3044:
Various modifications to Ptolemaic model and Aristotelian universe, including rejection of
3035:
3015:
2946:
2799:
1680:
1652:
1474:
1140:
1080:
514:
8:
7904:
7657:
6830:
6666:
6631:
6611:
6566:
6381:
6371:
6341:
5997:
5951:
5828:
5738:
5718:
5075:
3835:
3736:
3637:
3588:
3551:
3442:
3436:
3400:
3394:
3166:
3158:
3119:
3096:
3073:
2936:
2902:
2647:
2078:
1995:
1990:
1966:
1572:
1542:
1489:
1445:
1337:
1227:
1183:
1147:
as all celestial bodies. This was a crucial philosophical advance in physical cosmology.
1099:
1072:
1011:
835:
564:
175:
137:
6546:
5191:
4625:
4573:
4503:
4412:
4298:
3527:
2385:, is broad at the top, narrow at the middle and once again becomes broad at the bottom.
1856:
1612:
7920:
7892:
7880:
7829:
7809:
7799:
7680:
7652:
7630:
7285:
7212:
7158:
7138:
7020:
7010:
6780:
6770:
6274:
6186:
5931:
5565:
5456:
5343:
5271:
5211:
5203:
4904:
4796:
4785:"Results of optical monitoring of 5 SDSS double QSOs with the Nordic Optical Telescope"
4765:
4718:
4553:
4461:
4306:
4224:
4198:
4167:
4119:
3950:
3604:
3353:
3329:
2775:
2749:
2721:
2672:
2615:
At the center of the Universe is a central fire, around which the Earth, Sun, Moon and
2503:
2498:—all evolution is simply the transformation of primal Nature from one form to another.
2225:
1939:
1844:
1632:
1602:
1567:
1537:
1484:
1428:
1197:
1171:
1155:
1059:
995:
899:
855:
171:
61:
4530:
4487:
4445:
4370:
3883:
Table notes: the term "static" simply means not expanding and not contracting. Symbol
3301:
Matter is clustered on ever larger scales of hierarchy. Matter is endlessly recycled.
2054:
Creation by the splitting or ordering of a primordial unity such as the cracking of a
7819:
7814:
7804:
7676:
7610:
7600:
7459:
7454:
7386:
7348:
7175:
7123:
7110:
7060:
6790:
6706:
6661:
6247:
6216:
5987:
5972:
5630:
5550:
5484:
5408:
5402:
5381:
5335:
5294:
5234:
5215:
5085:
4908:
4824:
4769:
4757:
4708:
4674:
4664:
4639:
4587:
4535:
4517:
4465:
4426:
4374:
4333:
4228:
4051:
4024:
3925:
3593:
3185:
2960:
2914:
2860:
2786:
2778:
2726:
2701:
2555:
2082:
2059:
2029:
1900:
1829:
1662:
126:
6551:
5061:
Most of Anaximander's model of the Universe comes from pseudo-Plutarch (II, 20–28):
4722:
4288:
4171:
3268:
2550:, cylindrical Earth, infinite in extent, finite time; first purely mechanical model
1935:
model. This has led many to refer to modern times as the "golden age of cosmology".
7856:
7590:
7207:
6686:
6671:
6651:
6451:
6263:
6206:
6026:
5905:
5327:
5263:
5195:
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4896:
4891:
4889:
Cowen, Ron (30 January 2015). "Gravitational waves discovery now officially dead".
4814:
4753:
4749:
4700:
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4577:
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4507:
4457:
4416:
4366:
4216:
4157:
3935:
3791:
3767:
3748:
3699:
3568:
3448:
3365:
3334:
2983:
2906:
2877:
2822:
2632:
2529:
1924:
1833:
1821:
1745:
1547:
1383:
1252:
1175:
1167:
1135:
1095:
1076:
1003:
671:
235:
5362:
Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance
4849:
4819:
4220:
3686:
3237:, but distant stars were still seen as objects in a thin, fixed celestial sphere.
1557:
1532:
7562:
7545:
7520:
7510:
7464:
7180:
7170:
6800:
6731:
6716:
6636:
6616:
6591:
6401:
6211:
6146:
5921:
5833:
5606:
4857:
4284:
4081:
3814:
3763:
3727:
3311:
3306:
3251:
3224:
3143:
3106:
2978:
2949:
2658:
2281:
1904:
1672:
1607:
1592:
1577:
1562:
1552:
1416:
1313:
1151:
1107:
1103:
1042:
183:
5657:
5407:. Translated by Mottelay, P. Fleury. (Facsimile). New York: Dover Publications.
1938:
In 2014, the BICEP2 collaboration claimed that they had detected the imprint of
1034:
48:
7784:
7769:
7721:
7500:
7485:
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7260:
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6701:
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6486:
6257:
6116:
5521:
4922:
4492:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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3321:
3292:
3171:
3077:
2757:
2353:
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1954:
1802:
1657:
1617:
731:
691:
651:
260:
222:
and non-scientific propositions and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be
4900:
4488:"A Relation Between Distance and Radial Velocity Among Extra-Galactic Nebulae"
3713:
keep the bubbles separated and moving apart preventing them from interacting.
2771:(based on Eudoxus' model), static, steady state, finite extent, infinite time
2094:. Some questions that are included in extra-scientific endeavors may include:
7914:
7637:
7552:
7412:
7407:
7000:
6726:
6676:
6641:
6621:
6601:
6166:
5339:
4828:
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4605:
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4430:
4378:
4141:
3915:
3857:
3723:
3642:
3288:
3069:
2019:
2011:
1812:
only. This difference of ideas came to a climax with the organization of the
1642:
1627:
1527:
1029:
976:
256:
5433:
5267:
4704:
4678:
4248:
Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert – Collaborative Translation Project
3188:(water, earth, fire, and air), and is atomistic, animistic and intelligent.
2700:
Static Earth at center, surrounded by heavenly bodies which move in perfect
1793:
1150:
Modern scientific cosmology is widely considered to have begun in 1917 with
27:
Scientific study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe
7868:
7779:
7764:
7642:
7577:
7313:
7275:
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6681:
6571:
6481:
6331:
6201:
6111:
6091:
5941:
4539:
4483:
4392:
4287:(1952). "Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity".
3851:
3809:
3801:
3784:
3710:
3245:
3234:
2999:
theory, except nonparallel where each universe is different and individual
2812:
2314:
2144:
2126:
2107:
2042:
1872:
1860:
1825:
1789:
1647:
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introduced the idea of an expanding universe that contained moving matter.
1144:
1121:
1111:
991:
875:
604:
468:
5199:
4692:
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2490:(inertia or heaviness)). The cause and effect theory of Sankhya is called
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7595:
7371:
7318:
7143:
6736:
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6536:
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4964:
4658:
4162:
4145:
3910:
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3690:
3646:
3213:
3177:
Infinite extent, infinite time, homogeneous, isotropic, non-hierarchical
3148:
3135:
3085:
3057:
2963:
2945:
A universe that is finite in time and has a beginning is proposed by the
2709:
2580:
The universe contains only two things: an infinite number of tiny seeds (
2534:
2362:
2310:
2306:
2297:
2111:
2038:
2015:
2007:
1978:
1974:
1809:
1395:
1388:
1178:
to explore its astronomical ramifications, which enhanced the ability of
1159:
1022:
751:
243:
239:
199:
157:
149:
98:
39:
5347:
5315:
5207:
3695:
Cellular universe, expanding by means of matter–antimatter annihilation
7774:
7535:
7252:
6870:
6596:
6561:
6511:
6396:
6294:
6181:
6106:
5890:
5291:
The critic of Plato. Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of His Thought
5275:
3818:
3796:
3707:
3681:
3667:
3471:
3423:
3194:
3021:
2996:
2989:
2970:
2768:
2742:
2713:
2690:
2568:
2547:
2468:
is always in a state of tension among its constituent strands known as
2425:
2192: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1932:
1916:
1839:
Subsequent modelling of the universe explored the possibility that the
1637:
1179:
1092:
543:
247:
223:
211:
195:
187:
5178:
Yavetz, Ido (February 1998). "On the Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus".
4610:"The COBE mission – Its design and performance two years after launch"
2748:
The heavenly bodies move as if attached to a number of Earth-centered
503:
238:; more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with
7753:
7605:
7557:
7504:
7490:
7270:
7030:
6995:
6521:
6406:
6336:
6289:
6252:
6191:
6121:
5528:. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
4841:
4736:
Science, American Association for the Advancement of (15 June 2007).
3753:
3386:
3352:"Motion without matter." Only apparently static. Based on Einstein's
2892:
2762:
2737:
2694:
2606:
2589:
2585:
2521:
2137:
2103:
2091:
2055:
1999:
1806:
1587:
1163:
1084:
1018:
191:
186:
that govern these areas. It is investigated by scientists, including
161:
153:
141:
5623:
NED-D: A Master List of Redshift-Independent Extragalactic Distances
2836:
Universe orbits around a stationary Earth. Planets move in circular
2167:
7525:
7328:
7133:
7118:
6970:
6531:
6386:
6161:
6126:
5848:
5733:
5723:
4634:
4609:
4582:
4557:
4421:
4396:
4203:
3970:
3831:
3825:
3759:
3521:
3461:. Said to be infinite (but ambiguous). Unbounded. Expands forever.
3275:
2956:
2846:
2705:
2626:
2572:
2470:
2420:
2366:
2003:
1962:
1928:
1879:
in 1964. These findings were a first step to rule out some of many
1864:
1848:
1320:
1222:
1215:
999:
227:
145:
106:
57:
4872:"Gravitational waves turn to dust after claims of flawed analysis"
4801:
3484:, which decreases with time. Gravity weakens as universe evolves.
3064:. Alternative models later proposed, including the first accurate
7199:
6820:
6526:
6456:
6426:
6391:
6326:
6284:
6269:
6136:
5231:
Theories of the World from Antiquity to the Copernican Revolution
4660:
The vindication of the big bang : breakthroughs and barriers
3874:
3081:
2827:
2563:
2456:
2447:
2382:
2318:
2286:
2130:
1852:
1088:
987:
711:
219:
94:
2496:
nothing can really be created from or destroyed into nothingness
2117:
What are the ultimate material components of the universe? (see
2045:
to bring up sand or mud which develops into a terrestrial world.
6416:
6366:
6279:
6151:
5499:"Scott Dodelson - Fabian Schmidt - Modern Cosmology (2021) PDF"
3045:
2841:
2664:
2652:
2616:
2517:
2476:
2452:
2412:
2331:
2313:
for an equal length of time. The universe remains manifest for
2099:
1970:
1797:
919:
626:
215:
110:
102:
6036:
5583:
4965:"Genesis 1:26-7 As a statement of humanity's divine parentage"
6921:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
6516:
6466:
5564:
Lyth, David (12 December 1993). "Introduction to Cosmology".
2967:
2919:
2881:
2677:
2612:
Existence of a "Central Fire" at the center of the Universe.
2482:
1958:
1843:, introduced by Einstein in his 1917 paper, may result in an
943:
56:(XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest
5673:
3389:; starlight perpetually recycled into new matter particles.
1205:
178:'s origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and the
6461:
6441:
6436:
6361:
6319:
6304:
4355:"Review: The Day We Found the Universe by Marcia Bartusiak"
3996:
3125:
Heliocentric with circular planetary orbits, finite extent
3065:
3001:
2593:
2581:
2377:
1896:
7863:
5254:
Easterling, H. (1961). "Homocentric Spheres in De Caelo".
4558:"A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s"
7824:
4782:
4604:
3838:
collide periodically in a higher-dimensional space. With
939:
5102:
Aristotle (1914). Forster, E. S.; Dobson, J. F. (eds.).
1998:
or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on
140:
or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on
6861:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
4996:
4783:
Paraficz, D.; Hjorth, J.; Elíasdóttir, Á (1 May 2009).
4244:"Detailed Explanation of the System of Human Knowledge"
3702:. The universe is viewed as "meta-galaxies" divided by
3515:= 1/2, which means that its expansion rate slows down.
1984:
1130:, published in 1687, was the first description of the
1098:
was the prevailing theory until the 16th century when
7840:
5522:"Genesis, Search for Origins. End of mission wrap up"
2774:
Static and spherical Earth is surrounded by 43 to 55
2461:
Prakriti (Matter) and Purusha (Consiouness) Relation
4187:"Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters"
4184:
2520:
form a unit within infinite "waters of chaos"; the "
2051:
Creation by the dismemberment of a primordial being.
1923:. These observations matched the predictions of the
5457:"Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology"
4241:
1114:system. This is one of the most famous examples of
1010:from which the universe is thought to have emerged
270:
4270:The thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus viii. 52
3072:, a model rejecting stationary Earth in favour of
2408:Flat Earth floating in infinite "waters of chaos"
2026:Types of Creation Myths based on similar motifs:
1788:(1917 to 1922) – with early cosmologists such as
7912:
7751:
5401:Gilbert, William (1893). "Book 6, Chapter III".
4656:
1886:Since around 1990, several dramatic advances in
1805:championed the model of a cosmos made up of the
5496:
5478:
5288:
4915:
4882:
4844:is reported to have made this very claim in an
2697:, finite extent, implied finite time, cyclical
2309:remains manifest for 311.04 trillion years and
1859:in 1927 which was subsequently corroborated by
164:, cosmology is concerned with the study of the
5600:April 2023 Release Highlights Database Updates
5544:
4950:
4921:
3307:Einstein Universe with a cosmological constant
3230:Heliocentric with elliptical planetary orbits
3080:, and planetary model incorporating "circular
1931:theory, and the specific version known as the
1091:proposed different cosmological theories. The
7737:
7087:
6052:
5689:
4552:
2513:Earth floating in infinite "waters of chaos"
1765:
299:
7101:
4016:
3600:Kinematic expansion without space expansion
2833:Geocentric (based on Aristotelian universe)
2494:(theory of existent causes), and holds that
2372:Cyclical or oscillating, eternal and finite
1816:on 26 April 1920 at the meeting of the U.S.
1154:'s publication of his final modification of
84: 'the universe, the world' and
5545:Leonard, Scott A; McClure, Michael (2004).
5095:
4989:
4927:"New Images Refine View of Infant Universe"
4242:Diderot (Biography), Denis (1 April 2015).
4103:
2995:Innumerable universes is comparable to the
7744:
7730:
7094:
7080:
6059:
6045:
5696:
5682:
5253:
4450:Journal de Physique Théorique et Appliquée
4178:
3298:Static (evolving), steady state, infinite
2303:Cyclical or oscillating, Infinite in time
1867:in 1929 and later by the discovery of the
1772:
1758:
1204:
306:
292:
5767:Religious interpretations of the Big Bang
5569:
5497:Dodelson, Scott; Schmidt, Fabian (2020).
5479:Dodelson, Scott; Schmidt, Fabian (2020).
5373:
5313:
5101:
4980:
4818:
4800:
4633:
4581:
4529:
4511:
4420:
4202:
4161:
2252:Learn how and when to remove this message
2151:
5757:Discovery of cosmic microwave background
5607:"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)"
5584:"NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)"
5233:. Mineola, New York: Dover. p. 23.
4325:
4283:
3212:, but he rejects the idea of a limiting
2635:(d. 250 BCE or between 350 and 200 BCE)
2072:
1143:—that the bodies on Earth obey the same
1021:studies the origin of the universe, and
230:Theory which attempts to bring together
47:
5400:
4735:
4185:Planck Collaboration (1 October 2016).
4140:
4109:
4043:
3413:Positive curvature. Curvature constant
2655:(300 BCE – 200 CE)
1134:. It provided a physical mechanism for
218:in physical cosmology may include both
14:
7913:
5177:
4962:
4944:
4869:
4482:
4443:
4391:
3673:Expanding, steady state; but unstable
972:
7725:
7075:
6891:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
6040:
5677:
5463:. American Institute of Physics. 2023
5431:
5374:Mirabello, Mark (15 September 2016).
5228:
5180:Archive for History of Exact Sciences
4888:
4693:"Computer Graphics Achievement Award"
3990:
3824:Expanding and contracting in cycles;
3317:Static (nominally). Bounded (finite)
3216:for which no proof has been offered.
3184:, and matter is composed of the same
2745:, first geometric-mathematical model
2524:" keeps out the outer "chaos"-ocean.
1869:cosmic microwave background radiation
1053:
1002:, followed almost instantaneously by
284:
117:was first used in English in 1656 in
7696:
6991:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
6911:The World as Will and Representation
5563:
4738:"NETWATCH: Botany's Wayback Machine"
4352:
3991:Hille, Karl, ed. (13 October 2016).
3557:Expanding and contracting in cycles
3206:Heliocentric, indefinitely extended
2190:adding citations to reliable sources
2161:
928:
908:
888:
864:
844:
824:
804:
784:
764:
740:
720:
700:
680:
660:
640:
613:
593:
573:
553:
273:
210:. Because of this shared scope with
5364:(Leiden: Brill, 2007), pp. 238–239.
3613:Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker
3254:(evolving), steady state, infinite
3131:De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
1985:Religious or mythological cosmology
1847:, depending on its value. Thus the
1025:maps the features of the universe.
125:, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by
24:
5380:. Simon and Schuster. p. 23.
4969:The Journal of Theological Studies
3652:Expanding, steady state, infinite
3500:= 0 ; Λ = 0 Critical density
3364:increases exponentially (constant
1500:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ("2dF")
25:
7937:
5772:Timeline of cosmological theories
4963:Crouch, C. L. (8 February 2010).
4326:Dodelson, Scott (30 March 2003).
4197:(13). Table 4 on page 31 of PDF.
4075:"Introduction: Cosmology – space"
4017:Hetherington, Norriss S. (2014).
3956:Timeline of cosmological theories
3535:Λ > 0 ; Λ > |Gravity|
3274:Static (evolving), steady state,
2708:in order: Moon, Sun, planets and
2158:Timeline of cosmological theories
2022:and his colleague Charles Long.
1715:Timeline of cosmological theories
1480:Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
93: 'study of') is a branch of
7898:
7886:
7874:
7862:
7850:
7695:
7686:
7685:
7675:
7243:Traditional ecological knowledge
7189:
7054:
7044:
7043:
6020:
4462:10.1051/jphystap:018830020017501
3024:, multiple worlds and universes
2166:
1961:, astronomers reported that the
1739:
1728:
1727:
7541:Science, technology and society
6841:Meditations on First Philosophy
6066:
5865:Future of an expanding universe
5394:
5367:
5354:
5307:
5282:
5247:
5222:
5171:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5112:
5108:. Oxford University Press. 393.
5069:
5055:
5042:
5017:
4956:
4863:
4835:
4776:
4729:
4685:
4650:
4598:
4556:; Wilson, R. W. (1 July 1965).
4546:
4476:
4437:
4385:
4346:
4319:
4277:
4261:
2750:concentrical, invisible spheres
2712:. Complex motions repeat every
2438:Finite and spherical in extent
2177:needs additional citations for
1495:Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
1348:Future of an expanding universe
1162:). General relativity prompted
5762:History of the Big Bang theory
5316:"The Triangles of Aristarchus"
5293:. Cambridge University Press.
4754:10.1126/science.316.5831.1547d
4235:
4134:
4091:
4068:
4037:
4010:
3984:
3921:Galaxy formation and evolution
3467:Dirac large numbers hypothesis
3356:. Space expands with constant
2704:, arranged by the will of the
2090:philosophical approaches like
1915:, and observations of distant
1710:History of the Big Bang theory
1506:Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy
1048:
552:
266:
208:philosophers of space and time
13:
1:
7382:Religion and environmentalism
5870:Ultimate fate of the universe
5798:Gravitational wave background
5703:
4997:"BICEP2 2014 Results Release"
4371:10.1016/S0262-4079(09)60809-5
4311:: CS1 maint: date and year (
4044:Luminet, Jean-Pierre (2008).
3977:
3480:Demands a large variation in
2864:
2803:
2785:, that was added to the four
2730:
2681:
2571:(500–428 BCE) and later
2538:
2429:
2399:
2375:Jain cosmology considers the
2335:
2290:
2068:
2010:literature and traditions of
1903:satellites, large new galaxy
1824:The debate was resolved when
1702:Discovery of cosmic microwave
1353:Ultimate fate of the universe
180:ultimate fate of the universe
152:literature and traditions of
7445:Environmental interpretation
7026:Philosophy of space and time
5663:Resources in other libraries
5481:Modern Cosmology 2nd Edition
4789:Astronomy & Astrophysics
4191:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3781:(a multiple universe model)
3492:Einstein and De Sitter 1932
3154:Geocentric and Heliocentric
3102:Geocentric and heliocentric
2873:Geocentric and Heliocentric
1818:National Academy of Sciences
1132:law of universal gravitation
7:
7418:Environmental communication
6901:The Phenomenology of Spirit
5788:Cosmic microwave background
5526:genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov
5314:Hirshfeld, Alan W. (2004).
5002:National Science Foundation
4870:Sample, Ian (4 June 2014).
4820:10.1051/0004-6361/200811387
4353:Falk, Dan (18 March 2009).
4293:. Dover. pp. 175–188.
4290:The Principle of Relativity
4221:10.1051/0004-6361/201525830
3931:Jainism and non-creationism
3898:
3406:Spherical expanding space.
3385:New matter is created from
2898:Geocentric or Heliocentric
2486:(passion or activity), and
1949:On 1 December 2014, at the
1944:cosmic microwave background
1470:Black Hole Initiative (BHI)
973:
453:
10:
7942:
7233:Environmental anthropology
5793:Cosmic neutrino background
5729:Chronology of the universe
5425:
4951:Leonard & McClure 2004
4663:. New York: Plenum Press.
4050:. CRC Press. p. 170.
4023:. Routledge. p. 116.
3574:First static then expands
2509:Genesis creation narrative
2155:
1988:
1851:model was proposed by the
1233:Chronology of the universe
1063:
1057:
254:Theoretical astrophysicist
166:chronology of the universe
86:
77:
33:Cosmology (disambiguation)
29:
7760:
7671:
7576:
7478:
7400:
7362:
7294:
7251:
7198:
7187:
7109:
7039:
6963:
6762:
6502:
6230:
6074:
6016:
5960:
5914:
5878:
5857:
5839:Expansion of the universe
5816:
5780:
5747:
5711:
5658:Resources in your library
5081:A History of Mathematics.
4901:10.1038/nature.2015.16830
4657:Parker, Barry R. (1993).
4614:The Astrophysical Journal
4562:The Astrophysical Journal
4401:The Astrophysical Journal
3489:Friedmann zero-curvature
3214:sphere of the fixed stars
2558:), Moon and a large Sun.
2455:(6th century BCE), pupil
2058:or a bringing order from
1326:Expansion of the universe
54:Hubble eXtreme Deep Field
7648:Sustainable architecture
7586:Arts and Crafts movement
7450:Environmental journalism
7344:Environmental philosophy
7103:Environmental humanities
7016:Philosophy of psychology
6951:Simulacra and Simulation
5289:Lloyd, G. E. R. (1968).
4697:ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 Awards
3961:Universal rotation curve
3698:Based on the concept of
3585:of kinematic relativity
3382:Static and steady state
3377:William Duncan MacMillan
3210:Copernican heliocentrism
2954:early Muslim philosopher
2905:and the planets move in
2448:Samkhya Cosmic Evolution
2365:as per the teachings of
1490:Planck space observatory
1276:Gravitational wave (GWB)
316:
38:Not to be confused with
7795:Extragalactic astronomy
7470:Thematic interpretation
7423:Environmental education
7223:Ecological anthropology
7129:Environmental sculpture
6881:Critique of Pure Reason
5993:Observational cosmology
5320:The Mathematics Teacher
5268:10.1163/156852861x00161
5229:Crowe, Michael (2001).
5025:"Publications – Cosmos"
4811:2009A&A...499..395P
4705:10.1145/3225151.3232529
4397:"Extragalactic nebulae"
4213:2016A&A...594A..13P
4047:The Wraparound Universe
3941:List of astrophysicists
3906:Absolute time and space
3348:Steady state. Λ > 0
2979:Non-Parallel Multiverse
2480:(lightness or purity),
1888:observational cosmology
1881:alternative cosmologies
1343:Inhomogeneous cosmology
1118:in physical cosmology.
1116:epistemological rupture
1066:Observational cosmology
232:observational astronomy
204:philosophers of physics
7621:Landscape architecture
7568:Sustainability studies
7377:Environmental theology
6472:Type–token distinction
6300:Hypostatic abstraction
6082:Abstract object theory
5844:Accelerating expansion
5434:"The Universe's Shape"
5432:Bragg, Melvyn (2023).
4100:, Oxford Dictionaries.
3946:Non-standard cosmology
3889:gravitational constant
3285:Hierarchical universe
3056:, and introduction of
2830:(2nd century CE)
2152:Historical cosmologies
2086:
2077:Representation of the
1967:13.8 billion years old
1796:determining that some
349:−10 —
339:−11 —
329:−12 —
319:−13 —
65:
7440:Environmental history
7339:Environmental justice
7061:Philosophy portal
6941:Being and Nothingness
6357:Mental representation
5947:Shape of the universe
5937:Large-scale structure
5750:cosmological theories
5200:10.1007/s004070050017
4856:11 April 2016 at the
4513:10.1073/pnas.15.3.168
3893:cosmological constant
3547:(Friedmann-Einstein)
3524:(Friedmann-Lemaître)
3495:Expanding flat space
3322:Riemann's hypersphere
3011:Multiversal cosmology
2947:Christian philosopher
2937:Medieval philosophers
2795:Aristarchean universe
2758:Aristotelian universe
2396:Babylonian literature
2327:Zoroastrian Cosmology
2156:Further information:
2076:
1969:and composed of 4.9%
1921:gravitational lensing
1877:Robert Woodrow Wilson
1841:cosmological constant
1434:Large-scale structure
1412:Shape of the universe
1127:Principia Mathematica
1079:. Greek philosophers
494:Accelerated expansion
439:−1 —
429:−2 —
419:−3 —
409:−4 —
399:−5 —
389:−6 —
379:−7 —
369:−8 —
359:−9 —
51:
7616:Environmental design
7496:Biophilia hypothesis
7334:Environmental ethics
7304:Aesthetics of nature
6986:Feminist metaphysics
6027:astronomy portal
5611:ned.ipac.caltech.edu
5588:ned.ipac.caltech.edu
5495:Download full text:
5332:10.5951/MT.97.4.0228
5127:and then one of the
4163:10.1162/DAED_a_00312
4113:(25 February 2019).
3891:; Λ (Lambda) is the
3887:represents Newton's
3628:Uniformly expanding
3545:Oscillating universe
3054:Maragheh observatory
3016:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2850:(the Great System).
2602:Pythagorean universe
2391:Babylonian cosmology
2361:(written around 500
2344:Dualistic Cosmology
2186:improve this article
1863:'s discovery of the
1746:Astronomy portal
1704:background radiation
1681:List of cosmologists
1141:Copernican principle
1081:Aristarchus of Samos
1075:," the study of the
712:NGC 188 star cluster
174:is the study of the
160:. In the science of
134:Cosmologia Generalis
31:For other uses, see
7752:Major subfields of
7658:Sustainable fashion
6831:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
6342:Linguistic modality
5952:Structure formation
5915:Structure formation
5829:Friedmann equations
5739:Observable universe
5719:Age of the universe
5360:Bruce S. Eastwood,
5192:1998AHES...52..222Y
5166:Plato, Timaeus, 39d
5154:Plato, Timaeus, 36d
5142:Plato, Timaeus, 36c
5076:Carl Benjamin Boyer
4925:(1 December 2014).
4626:1992ApJ...397..420B
4574:1965ApJ...142..419P
4504:1929PNAS...15..168H
4444:Martin, G. (1883).
4413:1926ApJ....64..321H
4395:(1 December 1926).
4299:1952prel.book..175E
4088:. 4 September 2006.
4080:3 July 2015 at the
4063:Extract of page 170
3871:Phantom dark energy
3867:'s entropy problem
3565:Eddington universe
3504:Curvature constant
3443:Alexander Friedmann
3439:, hyperbolic space
3401:Alexander Friedmann
3373:MacMillan universe
3128:First described in
3120:Nicolaus Copernicus
3115:Copernican universe
3097:Nilakantha Somayaji
2807: 280 BCE
2765:(384–322 BCE)
2734: 340 BCE
2685: 360 BCE
2577:Infinite in extent
2542: 560 BCE
2530:Anaximander's model
2079:observable universe
1991:Religious cosmology
1940:gravitational waves
1927:theory, a modified
1446:Structure formation
1338:Friedmann equations
1228:Age of the universe
1192:Part of a series on
1184:Alexander Friedmann
1102:, and subsequently
1100:Nicolaus Copernicus
1073:celestial mechanics
836:Sexual reproduction
776:Earliest known life
176:observable universe
7926:Physical cosmology
7810:Physical cosmology
7800:Galactic astronomy
7681:Environment portal
7653:Sustainable design
7286:Outdoor literature
7213:Cultural landscape
7139:Landscape painting
7021:Philosophy of self
7011:Philosophy of mind
6275:Embodied cognition
6187:Scientific realism
5932:Large quasar group
5483:. Academic Press.
5029:www.cosmos.esa.int
4982:10.1093/jts/flp185
4931:The New York Times
4120:The New York Times
3951:Taiji (philosophy)
3762:modified to solve
3719:Brans–Dicke theory
3605:special relativity
3459:Negative curvature
3437:Friedmann universe
3397:, spherical space
3395:Friedmann universe
3354:general relativity
3330:De Sitter universe
3093:Nilakanthan model
2961:Jewish philosopher
2933:Medieval universe
2787:classical elements
2516:The Earth and the
2504:Biblical cosmology
2411:The Earth and the
2315:4.32 billion years
2087:
1845:expanding universe
1485:Dark Energy Survey
1429:Large quasar group
1198:Physical cosmology
1172:Karl Schwarzschild
1156:general relativity
1060:Physical cosmology
1054:Physical cosmology
1008:expansion of space
996:Physical cosmology
900:Cambrian explosion
816:Atmospheric oxygen
515:Single-celled life
172:Physical cosmology
127:German philosopher
66:
62:diffraction spikes
7838:
7837:
7830:Stellar astronomy
7820:Planetary science
7815:Planetary geology
7805:Orbital mechanics
7719:
7718:
7611:Educational trail
7601:Ecological design
7460:Outdoor education
7455:Environmental law
7387:Spiritual ecology
7349:Predation problem
7176:Site-specific art
7124:Environmental art
7069:
7068:
6248:Category of being
6217:Truthmaker theory
6034:
6033:
5988:Illustris project
5639:Library resources
5556:978-0-7674-1957-4
5387:978-1-62055-598-9
5300:978-0-521-09456-6
4953:, pp. 32–33.
4714:978-1-4503-5830-9
4486:(15 March 1929).
4339:978-0-08-051197-9
4146:"Cosmology Today"
4142:Spergel, David N.
4057:978-1-4398-6496-8
4030:978-1-317-67766-6
3926:Illustris project
3881:
3880:
3779:Eternal inflation
3768:flatness problems
3594:William H. McCrea
3510:deceleration term
3455:= −1 ; no Λ
3451:expanding space.
3410:= +1 ; no Λ
3242:Static Newtonian
3167:Bruno's cosmology
3159:Nilakanthan model
2968:Muslim theologian
2915:Quranic cosmology
2907:elliptical orbits
2889:Aryabhatan model
2861:Martianus Capella
2779:celestial spheres
2727:Eudoxus of Cnidus
2673:Platonic universe
2421:Eleatic cosmology
2262:
2261:
2254:
2236:
2083:logarithmic scale
1830:Cepheid Variables
1782:
1781:
1453:
1452:
1295:
1294:
985:
984:
977:billion years ago
951:
950:
927:
926:
907:
906:
887:
886:
863:
862:
843:
842:
823:
822:
803:
802:
783:
782:
763:
762:
739:
738:
719:
718:
699:
698:
692:Milky Way spirals
679:
678:
659:
658:
639:
638:
612:
611:
592:
591:
572:
571:
565:Earliest Universe
101:dealing with the
16:(Redirected from
7933:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7891:
7890:
7889:
7879:
7878:
7877:
7867:
7866:
7855:
7854:
7853:
7846:
7746:
7739:
7732:
7723:
7722:
7699:
7698:
7689:
7688:
7679:
7591:Acoustic ecology
7324:Ecophenomenology
7309:Critical realism
7208:Cultural ecology
7193:
7096:
7089:
7082:
7073:
7072:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7047:
7046:
6956:
6946:
6936:
6926:
6916:
6906:
6896:
6886:
6876:
6866:
6856:
6846:
6836:
6826:
6816:
6806:
6796:
6786:
6776:
6452:Substantial form
6264:Cogito, ergo sum
6207:Substance theory
6061:
6054:
6047:
6038:
6037:
6025:
6024:
6023:
5927:Galaxy formation
5906:Lambda-CDM model
5817:Present universe
5698:
5691:
5684:
5675:
5674:
5625:
5620:
5618:
5602:
5597:
5595:
5578:
5573:
5571:astro-ph/9312022
5560:
5547:Myth and Knowing
5541:
5535:
5533:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5508:. Academic Press
5503:
5494:
5475:
5470:
5468:
5452:
5447:
5445:
5419:
5418:
5398:
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5391:
5371:
5365:
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5351:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5286:
5280:
5279:
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5116:
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5073:
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5053:
5046:
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5015:
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5010:
4993:
4987:
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4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4867:
4861:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4804:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4637:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4585:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4533:
4515:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4329:Modern Cosmology
4323:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4302:
4285:Einstein, Albert
4281:
4275:
4274:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4206:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4165:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4072:
4066:
4061:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3988:
3936:Lambda-CDM model
3792:cosmic inflation
3749:Cosmic inflation
3737:Mach's principle
3700:plasma cosmology
3619:Howard Robertson
3615:class of models
3569:Arthur Eddington
3528:Georges Lemaître
3428:Spatially closed
3335:Willem de Sitter
3263:Cartesian Vortex
3074:Earth's rotation
2884:circle the Sun.
2869:
2866:
2808:
2805:
2735:
2732:
2686:
2683:
2633:Pseudo-Aristotle
2564:Atomist universe
2543:
2540:
2434:
2431:
2404:
2401:
2340:
2337:
2295:
2292:
2270:Author and date
2264:
2263:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2194:
2170:
2162:
2043:primordial ocean
1925:cosmic inflation
1905:redshift surveys
1857:Georges Lemaître
1834:Andromeda Galaxy
1822:Washington, D.C.
1774:
1767:
1760:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1424:Galaxy formation
1384:Lambda-CDM model
1373:
1372:
1365:Components
1247:
1246:
1208:
1189:
1188:
1176:Arthur Eddington
1168:Willem de Sitter
1160:World War I
1096:Ptolemaic system
1004:cosmic inflation
965:
934:
929:
920:Earliest mammals
914:
909:
894:
889:
876:Earliest animals
870:
865:
850:
845:
830:
825:
810:
805:
790:
785:
770:
765:
746:
741:
726:
721:
706:
701:
686:
681:
672:Andromeda Galaxy
666:
661:
646:
641:
633:
619:
614:
599:
594:
579:
574:
559:
554:
546:
506:
495:
484:
481:Matter-dominated
471:
460:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
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395:
390:
385:
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360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
308:
301:
294:
288:
278:
271:
257:David N. Spergel
236:particle physics
182:, including the
90:
81:
43:
36:
21:
7941:
7940:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7930:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7899:
7897:
7887:
7885:
7875:
7873:
7861:
7851:
7849:
7841:
7839:
7834:
7825:Solar astronomy
7756:
7750:
7720:
7715:
7667:
7572:
7563:Spirit of place
7546:science studies
7530:common property
7526:Property theory
7521:Popular science
7511:Natural history
7474:
7465:Psychogeography
7396:
7358:
7290:
7247:
7194:
7185:
7181:Sustainable art
7171:Sculpture trail
7105:
7100:
7070:
7065:
7055:
7053:
7035:
6959:
6954:
6944:
6934:
6924:
6914:
6904:
6894:
6884:
6874:
6864:
6854:
6844:
6834:
6824:
6814:
6804:
6801:De rerum natura
6794:
6784:
6774:
6758:
6498:
6402:Physical object
6238:Abstract object
6226:
6212:Theory of forms
6147:Meaning of life
6070:
6065:
6035:
6030:
6021:
6019:
6012:
5956:
5922:Galaxy filament
5910:
5874:
5858:Future universe
5853:
5812:
5808:Nucleosynthesis
5776:
5749:
5743:
5707:
5702:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5616:
5614:
5605:
5593:
5591:
5582:
5557:
5549:. McGraw-Hill.
5531:
5529:
5520:
5511:
5509:
5501:
5491:
5466:
5464:
5461:history.aip.org
5455:
5443:
5441:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5399:
5395:
5388:
5372:
5368:
5359:
5355:
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5308:
5301:
5287:
5283:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5227:
5223:
5176:
5172:
5164:
5160:
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5136:
5117:
5113:
5100:
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5070:
5060:
5056:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5006:
5005:. 17 March 2014
4995:
4994:
4990:
4961:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4920:
4916:
4887:
4883:
4868:
4864:
4858:Wayback Machine
4846:Edge Foundation
4840:
4836:
4781:
4777:
4734:
4730:
4715:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4671:
4655:
4651:
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4547:
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4390:
4386:
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4347:
4340:
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4267:
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4262:
4252:
4250:
4240:
4236:
4183:
4179:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4111:Overbye, Dennis
4108:
4104:
4096:
4092:
4082:Wayback Machine
4073:
4069:
4058:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3901:
3815:Paul Steinhardt
3728:Robert H. Dicke
3312:Albert Einstein
3225:Johannes Kepler
3201:William Gilbert
3144:Tychonic system
3107:Tychonic system
3032:Maragha models
2992:, Non Parallel
2950:John Philoponus
2942:Finite in time
2867:
2856:Capella's model
2823:Ptolemaic model
2806:
2733:
2684:
2659:Island universe
2588:' principle of
2541:
2492:Satkaarya-vaada
2432:
2402:
2338:
2293:
2282:Hindu cosmology
2273:Classification
2258:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2195:
2193:
2183:
2171:
2160:
2154:
2071:
1993:
1987:
1778:
1740:
1738:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1703:
1696:
1694:Subject history
1686:
1685:
1677:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1417:Galaxy filament
1370:
1358:
1357:
1309:
1304:Expansion
1297:
1296:
1281:Microwave (CMB)
1260:Nucleosynthesis
1244:
1152:Albert Einstein
1108:Galileo Galilei
1104:Johannes Kepler
1068:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1043:Marcus Aurelius
981:
980:
968:
967:
966:
962:
960:
958:
955:
947:
946:
932:
923:
922:
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903:
902:
892:
883:
882:
868:
859:
858:
848:
839:
838:
828:
819:
818:
808:
799:
798:
796:Earliest oxygen
788:
779:
778:
768:
759:
758:
744:
735:
734:
724:
715:
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704:
695:
694:
684:
675:
674:
664:
655:
654:
644:
635:
634:
624:
617:
608:
607:
605:Earliest galaxy
597:
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568:
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328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
312:
286:
280:
277:Nature timeline
276:
269:
246:, known as the
184:laws of science
130:Christian Wolff
44:
37:
30:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7939:
7929:
7928:
7923:
7908:
7907:
7895:
7883:
7871:
7859:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7785:Cosmochemistry
7782:
7777:
7772:
7770:Astrochemistry
7767:
7761:
7758:
7757:
7749:
7748:
7741:
7734:
7726:
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7714:
7713:
7708:
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7571:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7538:
7533:
7523:
7518:
7508:
7501:Do it yourself
7498:
7493:
7488:
7486:Animal studies
7482:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7430:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7404:
7402:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7368:
7366:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7354:Social ecology
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7300:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7288:
7283:
7281:Nature writing
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7261:Ecocomposition
7257:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7218:Ecolinguistics
7215:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7188:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
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7063:
7051:
7040:
7037:
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7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6967:
6965:
6964:Related topics
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6947:
6937:
6931:Being and Time
6927:
6917:
6907:
6897:
6887:
6877:
6867:
6857:
6847:
6837:
6827:
6817:
6807:
6797:
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6759:
6757:
6756:
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6729:
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6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6508:
6506:
6504:Metaphysicians
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6260:
6258:Causal closure
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6132:Libertarianism
6129:
6124:
6119:
6117:Existentialism
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6064:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6041:
6032:
6031:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5678:
5666:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5580:
5561:
5555:
5542:
5518:
5490:978-0128159484
5489:
5476:
5453:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5393:
5386:
5366:
5353:
5326:(4): 228–231.
5306:
5299:
5281:
5262:(2): 138–141.
5246:
5239:
5221:
5186:(3): 222–225.
5170:
5158:
5146:
5134:
5111:
5094:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5050:On the Heavens
5041:
5016:
4988:
4955:
4943:
4923:Dennis Overbye
4914:
4881:
4862:
4834:
4795:(2): 395–408.
4775:
4748:(5831): 1547.
4728:
4713:
4684:
4669:
4649:
4635:10.1086/171797
4606:Boggess, N. W.
4597:
4583:10.1086/148307
4554:Penzias, A. A.
4545:
4498:(3): 168–173.
4475:
4436:
4422:10.1086/143018
4384:
4345:
4338:
4318:
4276:
4260:
4234:
4177:
4156:(4): 125–133.
4133:
4102:
4090:
4067:
4056:
4036:
4029:
4009:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3966:Warm inflation
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3879:
3878:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3828:
3822:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3802:spacetime foam
3794:
3790:Big Bang with
3788:
3782:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3733:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3696:
3693:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3653:
3650:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3601:
3598:
3586:
3583:Milne universe
3579:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3517:
3516:
3502:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3446:
3440:
3433:
3432:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3380:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3350:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:Johann Lambert
3286:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3269:René Descartes
3266:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3178:
3175:
3172:Giordano Bruno
3169:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3042:
3039:
3036:Maragha school
3033:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2993:
2987:
2984:Bhagvata Puran
2981:
2975:
2974:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2896:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2874:
2871:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2724:
2722:Eudoxus' model
2718:
2717:
2714:'perfect' year
2698:
2688:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:Stoic universe
2644:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2578:
2575:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2545:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2462:
2459:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433: 515 BCE
2423:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2373:
2370:
2356:
2354:Jain cosmology
2350:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2304:
2301:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2174:
2172:
2165:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2115:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2036:
1986:
1983:
1803:Harlow Shapley
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1736:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1386:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1328:
1323:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1288:Neutrino (CNB)
1278:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1245:
1243:Early universe
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1058:Main article:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1012:13.799 ± 0.021
983:
982:
974:
970:
969:
954:
953:
952:
949:
948:
938:
937:
935:
925:
924:
918:
917:
915:
905:
904:
898:
897:
895:
885:
884:
874:
873:
871:
861:
860:
856:Earliest fungi
854:
853:
851:
841:
840:
834:
833:
831:
821:
820:
814:
813:
811:
801:
800:
794:
793:
791:
781:
780:
774:
773:
771:
761:
760:
750:
749:
747:
737:
736:
732:Alpha Centauri
730:
729:
727:
717:
716:
710:
709:
707:
697:
696:
690:
689:
687:
677:
676:
670:
669:
667:
657:
656:
652:Omega Centauri
650:
649:
647:
637:
636:
623:
622:
620:
610:
609:
603:
602:
600:
590:
589:
585:Earliest stars
583:
582:
580:
570:
569:
563:
562:
560:
551:
542:
541:
540:
531:
530:
529:
524:Photosynthesis
522:
521:
520:
513:
512:
511:
505:Water on Earth
502:
501:
500:
491:
490:
489:
478:
477:
476:
467:
466:
465:
456:
455:
454:
452:
449:0 —
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
303:
296:
285:
282:
281:
274:
268:
265:
261:speed of light
200:metaphysicians
154:creation myths
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7938:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7906:
7896:
7894:
7884:
7882:
7872:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7858:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7759:
7755:
7747:
7742:
7740:
7735:
7733:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7694:
7692:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7638:Nature center
7636:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7553:Simple living
7551:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7516:
7512:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7413:Ecomusicology
7411:
7409:
7408:Anthrozoology
7406:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7361:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7299:
7297:
7293:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7192:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7097:
7092:
7090:
7085:
7083:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7062:
7052:
7050:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7006:Phenomenology
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6943:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6932:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6918:
6913:
6912:
6908:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6893:
6892:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6858:
6853:
6852:
6848:
6843:
6842:
6838:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6813:
6812:
6808:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6763:Notable works
6761:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:Phenomenalism
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6087:Action theory
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6062:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6029:
6028:
6015:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5781:Past universe
5779:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5699:
5694:
5692:
5687:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5672:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5632:
5631:Sophia Centre
5629:
5624:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5548:
5543:
5540:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5507:
5500:
5492:
5486:
5482:
5477:
5474:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5439:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5416:
5414:0-486-26761-X
5410:
5406:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5363:
5357:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5302:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5242:
5240:0-486-41444-2
5236:
5232:
5225:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5162:
5155:
5150:
5143:
5138:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5107:
5106:
5098:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5051:
5045:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4983:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4670:0-306-44469-0
4666:
4662:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4549:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4484:Hubble, Edwin
4479:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4452:(in French).
4451:
4447:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4393:Hubble, E. P.
4388:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4359:New Scientist
4356:
4349:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4280:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4144:(Fall 2014).
4143:
4137:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4099:
4094:
4087:
4086:New Scientist
4083:
4079:
4076:
4071:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4013:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3983:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Earth science
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:Paul Frampton
3856:Lauris Baum;
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3830:Two parallel
3829:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:Carl H. Brans
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3711:annihilations
3709:
3705:
3704:double layers
3701:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:Hannes Alfvén
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3664:Steady-state
3663:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3643:Hermann Bondi
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:Arthur Walker
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:The original
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:18th century
3294:
3290:
3289:Immanuel Kant
3287:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3271:17th century
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3186:four elements
3183:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:Ibn al-Shatir
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:(610–632 CE)
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2903:Earth rotates
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:(d. 390 BCE)
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2369:599–527 BCE)
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2343:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:Primal matter
2305:
2302:
2299:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2256:
2253:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203: –
2202:
2198:
2197:Find sources:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2175:This section
2173:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:Mircea Eliade
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:atomic matter
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
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1644:
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1634:
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1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1145:physical laws
1142:
1137:
1136:Kepler's laws
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1110:, proposed a
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
978:
971:
964:
945:
941:
940:Earliest apes
936:
931:
930:
921:
916:
911:
910:
901:
896:
891:
890:
881:
877:
872:
867:
866:
857:
852:
847:
846:
837:
832:
827:
826:
817:
812:
807:
806:
797:
792:
787:
786:
777:
772:
767:
766:
757:
753:
748:
743:
742:
733:
728:
723:
722:
713:
708:
703:
702:
693:
688:
683:
682:
673:
668:
663:
662:
653:
648:
643:
642:
632:
628:
621:
616:
615:
606:
601:
596:
595:
586:
581:
576:
575:
566:
561:
556:
555:
547:
536:
533:Multicellular
525:
516:
507:
496:
485:
472:
461:
315:
309:
304:
302:
297:
295:
290:
289:
283:
279:
272:
264:
262:
258:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:, as well as
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
123:Glossographia
120:
119:Thomas Blount
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
89:
83:
80:
74:
73:Ancient Greek
70:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
34:
19:
7905:Solar System
7789:
7780:Astrophysics
7765:Astrobiology
7643:New Urbanism
7314:Deep ecology
7276:Geocriticism
7266:Ecocriticism
7238:Ethnoecology
7228:Ecosemiotics
7149:conservation
6981:Epistemology
6975:
6949:
6939:
6929:
6919:
6909:
6899:
6889:
6879:
6869:
6859:
6849:
6839:
6829:
6819:
6809:
6799:
6791:Nyāya Sūtras
6789:
6779:
6769:
6751:
6667:Wittgenstein
6612:Schopenhauer
6491:
6482:Unobservable
6332:Intelligence
6262:
6202:Subjectivism
6197:Spiritualism
6112:Essentialism
6092:Anti-realism
6018:
5942:Reionization
5901:Quintessence
5834:Hubble's law
5704:
5670:
5653:Online books
5643:
5622:
5615:. Retrieved
5613:. NASA. 2020
5610:
5599:
5592:. Retrieved
5590:. NASA. 2023
5587:
5575:
5546:
5537:
5530:. Retrieved
5525:
5510:. Retrieved
5505:
5480:
5472:
5465:. Retrieved
5460:
5449:
5442:. Retrieved
5437:
5403:
5396:
5376:
5369:
5361:
5356:
5323:
5319:
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5290:
5284:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5230:
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5179:
5173:
5161:
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5128:
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5119:
5114:
5104:
5097:
5080:
5071:
5057:
5049:
5044:
5032:. Retrieved
5028:
5019:
5007:. Retrieved
5000:
4991:
4972:
4968:
4958:
4946:
4934:. Retrieved
4930:
4917:
4890:
4884:
4876:the Guardian
4875:
4865:
4837:
4792:
4788:
4778:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4696:
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4652:
4617:
4613:
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4561:
4548:
4495:
4491:
4478:
4453:
4449:
4439:
4404:
4400:
4387:
4365:(2700): 45.
4362:
4358:
4348:
4332:. Elsevier.
4328:
4321:
4289:
4279:
4269:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4247:
4237:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4153:
4149:
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4118:
4105:
4093:
4085:
4070:
4046:
4039:
4019:
4012:
4000:. Retrieved
3986:
3884:
3882:
3863:Solution of
3852:Cyclic model
3840:quintessence
3810:Cyclic model
3785:Andreï Linde
3740:
3656:
3638:Steady-state
3592:
3591:1933, 1935;
3589:Edward Milne
3534:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3496:
3481:
3452:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3362:Scale factor
3358:acceleration
3347:
3248:(1642–1727)
3246:Isaac Newton
3235:Solar System
3227:(1571–1630)
3203:(1544–1603)
3193:
3174:(1548–1600)
3151:(1546–1601)
3129:
3122:(1473–1543)
3099:(1444–1544)
3038:(1259–1528)
3018:(1149–1209)
3000:
2845:
2813:Heliocentric
2736:) and later
2625:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2376:
2248:
2242:January 2016
2239:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2196:
2184:Please help
2179:verification
2176:
2145:epistemology
2127:hylomorphism
2108:emanationism
2088:
2031:
2000:mythological
1994:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1885:
1873:Arno Penzias
1861:Edwin Hubble
1838:
1826:Edwin Hubble
1814:Great Debate
1790:Heber Curtis
1786:Great Debate
1783:
1508:Probe (WMAP)
1442:
1439:Reionization
1420:
1392:
1366:
1334:
1317:
1314:Hubble's law
1305:
1284:
1256:
1219:
1164:cosmogonists
1149:
1125:
1122:Isaac Newton
1120:
1112:heliocentric
1069:
1040:
1035:Encyclopédie
1033:
1027:
992:astrophysics
986:
756:Solar System
470:Reionization
252:
196:philosophers
170:
142:mythological
133:
122:
114:
85:
76:
68:
67:
45:
18:Cosmologists
7893:Outer space
7881:Spaceflight
7663:Themed walk
7392:Stewardship
7372:Ecotheology
7319:Ecofeminism
7144:Photography
6811:Metaphysics
6795:(c. 200 BC)
6785:(c. 350 BC)
6775:(c. 350 BC)
6662:Collingwood
6567:Malebranche
6315:Information
6243:Anima mundi
6222:Type theory
6177:Physicalism
6142:Materialism
6097:Determinism
6068:Metaphysics
5961:Experiments
5896:Dark matter
5886:Dark energy
5824:FLRW metric
5048:Aristotle,
4975:(1): 1–15.
4848:interview.
4620:: 420–429.
4568:: 419–421.
4126:26 February
4098:"Cosmology"
3911:Big History
3844:dark energy
3691:Oskar Klein
3647:Thomas Gold
3550:Favored by
3424:recollapses
3149:Tycho Brahe
3136:fixed stars
3086:Al-Birjandi
3058:Tusi-couple
3041:Geocentric
2986:(800–1000)
2964:Saadia Gaon
2939:(500–1200)
2925:Flat-earth
2800:Aristarchus
2710:fixed stars
2535:Anaximander
2403: 2300
2359:Jain Agamas
2339: 1500
2294: 1700
2201:"Cosmology"
2112:creationism
2039:Earth diver
2016:eschatology
1979:dark energy
1975:dark matter
1953:meeting in
1951:Planck 2014
1810:star system
1463:Experiments
1396:Dark matter
1389:Dark energy
1331:FLRW metric
1268:Backgrounds
1180:astronomers
1049:Discoveries
1023:cosmography
1017:years ago.
545:Vertebrates
287:This box:
267:Disciplines
244:dark energy
240:dark matter
188:astronomers
158:eschatology
113:. The term
99:metaphysics
40:Cosmetology
7915:Categories
7775:Astrometry
7626:assessment
7596:Biomimicry
7536:Sexecology
7433:arts-based
7296:Philosophy
7253:Literature
6871:Monadology
6805:(c. 80 BC)
6512:Parmenides
6397:Perception
6295:Experience
6182:Relativism
6157:Naturalism
6107:Enactivism
5891:Dark fluid
5879:Components
5748:History of
5712:Background
5506:scribd.com
5404:De Magnete
5129:Different,
5090:0471543977
4936:2 December
4456:(1): 175.
4204:1502.01589
4002:17 October
3978:References
3834:planes or
3819:Neil Turok
3797:Multiverse
3732:Expanding
3708:antimatter
3682:Ambiplasma
3668:Fred Hoyle
3533:Expansion
3530:1927–1929
3477:Expanding
3472:Paul Dirac
3449:Hyperbolic
3430:(finite).
3344:flat space
3221:Keplerian
3195:De Magnete
3050:eccentrics
3022:Multiverse
3002:jiva-atmas
2997:multiverse
2990:Multiverse
2971:Al-Ghazali
2966:, and the
2868: 420
2776:concentric
2769:Geocentric
2743:Geocentric
2693:, complex
2691:Geocentric
2569:Anaxagoras
2548:Geocentric
2426:Parmenides
2405:–500 BCE)
2341:–600 BCE)
2319:unmanifest
2311:unmanifest
2212:newspapers
2092:dialectics
2069:Philosophy
2056:cosmic egg
1989:See also:
1977:and 68.5%
1933:Lambda-CDM
1917:supernovae
1907:including
1794:Ernst Öpik
1543:Copernicus
1521:Scientists
1376:Components
1093:geocentric
1064:See also:
631:black hole
248:Lambda-CDM
220:scientific
212:philosophy
198:, such as
192:physicists
71:(from
7921:Cosmology
7857:Astronomy
7790:Cosmology
7754:astronomy
7606:Ecomuseum
7558:Slow food
7491:Bioethics
7271:Ecopoetry
7154:landscape
7031:Teleology
6996:Mereology
6976:Cosmology
6835:(c. 1000)
6732:Plantinga
6722:Armstrong
6672:Heidegger
6647:Whitehead
6632:Nietzsche
6552:Descartes
6522:Aristotle
6477:Universal
6407:Principle
6377:Necessity
6337:Intention
6290:Existence
6253:Causality
6192:Solipsism
6122:Free will
5978:BOOMERanG
5803:Inflation
5705:Cosmology
5644:Cosmology
5438:bbc.co.uk
5340:0025-5769
5256:Phronesis
5216:121186044
5052:, ii, 13.
5034:19 August
4909:124938210
4842:Alan Guth
4829:0004-6361
4802:0903.1027
4770:220096361
4762:0036-8075
4644:0004-637X
4592:0004-637X
4522:0027-8424
4470:0368-3893
4431:0004-637X
4379:0262-4079
4307:cite book
4229:119262962
3754:Alan Guth
3735:Based on
3552:Friedmann
3387:radiation
3366:inflation
3341:Expanding
3265:universe
3078:Ali Kuşçu
3068:model by
2893:Aryabhata
2838:epicycles
2763:Aristotle
2738:Callippus
2695:cosmogony
2607:Philolaus
2590:causality
2586:Leucippus
2522:firmament
2138:teleology
2119:mechanism
2104:pantheism
2032:ex nihilo
2030:Creation
2004:religious
1996:Religious
1828:detected
1807:Milky Way
1673:Zeldovich
1573:Friedmann
1548:de Sitter
1475:BOOMERanG
1404:Structure
1369:Structure
1253:Inflation
1085:Aristotle
1019:Cosmogony
625:Earliest
459:Dark Ages
162:astronomy
146:religious
138:Religious
115:cosmology
69:Cosmology
7706:Journals
7691:Category
7631:planning
7364:Religion
7329:Ecosophy
7164:wildlife
7134:Land art
7119:Crop art
7049:Category
6971:Axiology
6825:(c. 270)
6753:more ...
6707:Anscombe
6702:Strawson
6697:Davidson
6592:Berkeley
6532:Plotinus
6493:more ...
6432:Relation
6412:Property
6387:Ontology
6310:Identity
6231:Concepts
6162:Nihilism
6127:Idealism
6075:Theories
5849:Redshift
5734:Universe
5724:Big Bang
5539:changes.
5348:20871578
5208:41134047
5105:De Mundo
5092:. p. 54.
5078:(1968),
5009:18 March
4854:Archived
4723:51979217
4679:27069165
4540:16577160
4172:57568214
4150:Daedalus
4078:Archived
3971:Big Ring
3899:See also
3836:M-branes
3832:orbifold
3826:M-theory
3760:Big Bang
3522:Big Bang
3276:infinite
2957:Al-Kindi
2847:Almagest
2706:demiurge
2627:De Mundo
2573:Epicurus
2466:Prakriti
2367:Mahavira
2276:Remarks
2123:dynamism
2012:creation
2008:esoteric
1973:, 26.6%
1963:universe
1929:Big Bang
1865:redshift
1849:Big Bang
1734:Category
1653:Suntzeff
1613:Lemaître
1563:Einstein
1528:Aaronson
1321:Redshift
1223:Universe
1216:Big Bang
1166:such as
1000:Big Bang
228:Big Bang
216:theories
150:esoteric
107:universe
82:(cosmos)
58:galaxies
7843:Portals
7711:Degrees
7701:Commons
7578:Applied
7515:museums
7479:Related
7200:Culture
6821:Enneads
6815:(c. 50)
6781:Timaeus
6771:Sophist
6717:Dummett
6712:Deleuze
6652:Russell
6642:Bergson
6637:Meinong
6617:Bolzano
6577:Leibniz
6557:Spinoza
6542:Aquinas
6527:Proclus
6457:Thought
6447:Subject
6427:Reality
6422:Quality
6392:Pattern
6352:Meaning
6327:Insight
6285:Essence
6270:Concept
6172:Realism
6137:Liberty
6102:Dualism
5426:Sources
5276:4181694
5188:Bibcode
5084:Wiley.
4807:Bibcode
4742:Science
4622:Bibcode
4570:Bibcode
4500:Bibcode
4409:Bibcode
4407:: 321.
4295:Bibcode
4253:1 April
4209:Bibcode
3875:entropy
3764:horizon
3420:Expands
3082:inertia
3062:Al-Tusi
2878:Mercury
2842:equants
2828:Ptolemy
2702:circles
2617:planets
2556:planets
2518:Heavens
2413:Heavens
2383:Jainism
2287:Rigveda
2226:scholar
2131:atomism
1955:Ferrara
1942:in the
1855:priest
1853:Belgian
1832:in the
1798:nebulae
1658:Sunyaev
1643:Schmidt
1633:Penzias
1628:Penrose
1603:Huygens
1593:Hawking
1578:Galileo
1089:Ptolemy
1077:heavens
1030:Diderot
1015:billion
988:Physics
933:←
913:←
893:←
869:←
849:←
829:←
809:←
789:←
769:←
745:←
725:←
705:←
685:←
665:←
645:←
618:←
598:←
578:←
558:←
444:–
434:–
424:–
414:–
404:–
394:–
384:–
374:–
364:–
354:–
344:–
334:–
324:–
250:model.
105:of the
95:physics
91:(logia)
7159:nature
6955:(1981)
6945:(1943)
6935:(1927)
6925:(1846)
6915:(1818)
6905:(1807)
6895:(1783)
6885:(1781)
6875:(1714)
6865:(1710)
6855:(1677)
6851:Ethics
6845:(1641)
6747:Parfit
6737:Kripke
6727:Putnam
6687:Sartre
6677:Carnap
6627:Peirce
6572:Newton
6547:Suárez
6537:Scotus
6417:Qualia
6382:Object
6372:Nature
6367:Motion
6347:Matter
6280:Entity
6152:Monism
5998:Planck
5641:about
5617:23 May
5594:23 May
5553:
5532:23 May
5512:23 May
5487:
5467:23 May
5444:23 May
5411:
5384:
5346:
5338:
5297:
5274:
5237:
5214:
5206:
5088:
4907:
4892:Nature
4827:
4768:
4760:
4721:
4711:
4677:
4667:
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4590:
4538:
4531:522427
4528:
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4468:
4429:
4377:
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4170:
4054:
4027:
3865:Tolman
3659:= −1.
3596:1930s
3554:1920s
3474:1930s
3379:1920s
3252:Static
3182:aether
3046:equant
2959:, the
2895:(499)
2783:aether
2665:cosmos
2653:Stoics
2477:Sattva
2453:Kapila
2332:Avesta
2296:–1100
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2100:monism
2006:, and
1909:2dfGRS
1901:Planck
1732:
1668:Wilson
1663:Tolman
1623:Newton
1618:Mather
1608:Kepler
1598:Hubble
1558:Ehlers
1538:Alpher
1533:Alfvén
1441:
1419:
1391:
1333:
1316:
1308:Future
1283:
1255:
1218:
1174:, and
1087:, and
944:humans
880:plants
627:quasar
224:tested
206:, and
148:, and
111:cosmos
109:, the
103:nature
79:κόσμος
7869:Stars
7505:ethic
7428:adult
7401:Other
7001:Meta-
6742:Lewis
6692:Quine
6657:Moore
6622:Lotze
6607:Hegel
6582:Wolff
6562:Locke
6517:Plato
6487:Value
6467:Truth
5566:arXiv
5502:(PDF)
5440:. BBC
5344:JSTOR
5272:JSTOR
5212:S2CID
5204:JSTOR
5125:Same,
5120:Being
4905:S2CID
4797:arXiv
4766:S2CID
4719:S2CID
4225:S2CID
4199:arXiv
4168:S2CID
3860:2007
3821:2002
3787:1983
3756:1980
3689:1965
3670:1948
3649:1948
3625:1935
3571:1930
3445:1924
3422:then
3417:= +1
3403:1922
3337:1917
3314:1917
3084:" by
3066:lunar
2920:Quran
2882:Venus
2678:Plato
2582:atoms
2488:Tamas
2483:Rajas
2471:gunas
2457:Asuri
2267:Name
2233:JSTOR
2219:books
2081:on a
2060:chaos
1959:Italy
1648:Smoot
1638:Rubin
1583:Gamow
1568:Ellis
1553:Dicke
1006:, an
752:Earth
88:λογία
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6682:Ryle
6602:Kant
6597:Hume
6587:Reid
6462:Time
6442:Soul
6437:Self
6362:Mind
6320:Data
6305:Idea
6008:WMAP
6003:SDSS
5983:COBE
5619:2023
5596:2023
5551:ISBN
5534:2023
5514:2023
5485:ISBN
5469:2023
5446:2023
5409:ISBN
5382:ISBN
5336:ISSN
5295:ISBN
5235:ISBN
5086:ISBN
5036:2018
5011:2014
4938:2014
4850:EDGE
4825:ISSN
4758:ISSN
4709:ISBN
4675:OCLC
4665:ISBN
4640:ISSN
4588:ISSN
4536:PMID
4518:ISSN
4466:ISSN
4427:ISSN
4375:ISSN
4334:ISBN
4313:link
4255:2015
4128:2019
4052:ISBN
4025:ISBN
4004:2016
3997:NASA
3766:and
3048:and
2901:The
2880:and
2663:The
2594:gods
2378:loka
2317:and
2205:news
2110:and
2014:and
1919:and
1913:SDSS
1911:and
1899:and
1897:WMAP
1893:COBE
1875:and
1792:and
1588:Guth
1106:and
990:and
535:life
307:edit
300:talk
293:view
242:and
234:and
190:and
156:and
97:and
52:The
7111:Art
5973:6dF
5968:2dF
5328:doi
5264:doi
5196:doi
4977:doi
4897:doi
4815:doi
4793:499
4750:doi
4746:316
4701:doi
4630:doi
4618:397
4578:doi
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4526:PMC
4508:doi
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4217:doi
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3060:by
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2188:by
1965:is
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