521:
567:
431:
47:
339:
618:
2106:
800:
689:
1460:
831:. The couple had a long and peaceful married life. Surprisingly for the era, Cosimo was faithful to his wife throughout their married life. The example of a traditional couple served to strengthen his various reforms and separate their association with the former Duke. Eleanor was a political adviser to her husband and often ruled Florence in his absence. She provided the Medici with the
707:("offices"). Originally intended as a means of consolidating his administrative control of the various committees, agencies, and guilds established in Florence's Republican past, it now houses one of the world's most important collections of art, much of it commissioned and/or owned by various members of the Medici family.
496:. After defeating the exiles' army, Vitelli stormed the fortress, where Strozzi and a few of his companions had retreated to safety. It fell after only a few hours, and Cosimo celebrated his first victory. The prominent prisoners were subsequently beheaded on the
461:
famously put it, "The innkeeper's reckoning was different from the glutton's." Cosimo proved strong-willed, astute and ambitious and soon rejected the clause he had signed that entrusted much of the power of the
Florentine duchy to a Council of Forty-Eight.
454:) and was almost unknown in Florence. However, many of the influential men in the city favoured him as the new duke. Several hoped to rule through him, thereby enriching themselves at the state's expense. However, as the Florentine
585:
in 1554 and laid siege to their city. Despite the inhabitants' desperate resistance, the city fell on 17 April 1555 after a 15-month siege, its population diminished from forty thousand to eight thousand. In 1559,
641:. Cosimo also was an active builder of military structures, as a part of his attempt to save the Florentine state from the frequent passage of foreign armies. Examples include the new fortresses of Siena,
2044:
563:, in 1737. The help granted to Charles V allowed him to free Tuscany from the Imperial garrisons and to increase as much as possible its independence from the overwhelming Spanish influence in Italy.
718:
when Cosimo was only seventeen years old, were designed to announce a new golden age for
Florence and to demonstrate the magnificence and virtues of the Medici. They were decorated with fountains, a
672:
He laid heavy tax burdens on his subjects. Despite his economic difficulties, Cosimo I was a lavish patron of the arts and also developed the
Florentine navy, which eventually took part in the
520:
1975:
2034:
2165:
2398:
2210:
2160:
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2215:
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2175:
2336:
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2250:
547:
to gain recognition for his position as head of the
Florentine state. That recognition came in June 1537 in exchange for help against France in the course of the
2265:
2220:
2049:
2185:
2829:
2695:
2383:
1608:
1404:
Sherrill, Tawny (2006). "Fleas, Fur, and
Fashion: Zibellini as Luxury Accessories of the Renaissance". In Netherton, Robin; Owen-Crocker, Gale (eds.).
2357:
2321:
2180:
2155:
1950:
1624:
1592:
924:
1584:
1556:
1526:
864:
566:
338:
1616:
1340:
Loffredo, Fernando (2022). "Cosimo I and His
Spanish In-Laws: The Duke and the Toledo Family". In Assonitis, Alessio; van Veen, Henk Th. (eds.).
1600:
637:, the last Medici claimant to Florence who had earlier arranged the assassination of Cosimo's predecessor Alessandro, assassinated himself in
1576:
1268:
Bercusson, Sarah (2017). "Strategies for survival: women at the court of the Medici (1565-1578)". In
Norrhem, Svante; Daybell, James (eds.).
2824:
2819:
2789:
2091:
1802:
1784:
1486:
251:
89:
1386:
McHam, Sarah Blake (2017). "Giambologna's equestrian monument to Cosimo I: the monument makes the memory". In Drogin, David J. (ed.).
2784:
741:
behind the Pitti. As his more prominent ancestors had been, he was also an important patron of the arts, supporting, among others,
1277:
Clifton, James (2016). "The
Triumph of Truth in an Age of Confessional Conflict". In Melion, Walter; Ramakers, Bart A. M. (eds.).
839:
order. The
Duchess died with her sons Giovanni and Garzia in 1562, when she was only forty; all three of them were struck down by
1763:
2779:
2814:
1768:
1132:
2809:
2331:
1648:
1549:
560:
430:
2018:
1672:
235:
46:
2638:
52:
2433:
1945:
1660:
880:
247:
2834:
2235:
1708:
2804:
2255:
1542:
854:
408:
415:. It was necessary to search for a successor outside of the "senior" branch of the Medici family descended from
2039:
1955:
1640:
1565:
540:
2571:
1970:
1743:
1632:
820:
544:
465:
When the
Florentine exiles heard of the death of Alessandro, they marshalled their forces with support from
2839:
937:
890:
2497:
2408:
2291:
2135:
1845:
505:
2799:
2225:
2070:
1855:
1835:
967:
727:
259:
2140:
2065:
1830:
602:
571:
380:
307:
239:
114:
730:. They had a profound influence on later Italian and French gardens through the eighteenth century.
2794:
2403:
2145:
1850:
933:
673:
469:
and from disgruntled neighbors of Florence. During this time, Cosimo had an illegitimate daughter,
400:
17:
2746:
2608:
2296:
2150:
1960:
1871:
1840:
1306:
The Black Prince of Florence: The Spectacular Life and Treacherous World of Alessandro De' Medici
874:
634:
1470:
1039:"Ma un conto facea il ghiotto, e un altro il taverniere", B. Varchi, Storia Fiorentina, 15, 600.
2643:
2524:
1965:
1934:
1817:
1779:
982:
955:
870:
677:
617:
267:
243:
151:
2555:
1048:
2443:
2301:
2075:
1753:
1748:
1516:
777:
497:
388:
355:
96:
403:, was assassinated. Cosimo was from a different branch of the Medici family, descended from
2774:
2769:
2529:
2504:
2487:
2477:
2326:
1738:
1701:
1095:
943:
Before his first marriage, Cosimo fathered an illegitimate daughter with an unknown woman:
911:
894:
858:
529:
473:(1537 – 1542), who was portrayed shortly before her premature death in a painting by
416:
404:
263:
255:
134:
31:
1446:
Cosimo I de'Medici as collector: antiquities and archaeology in sixteenth-century Florence
590:, the last redoubt of Sienese independence, was annexed to Cosimo's territories. In 1569,
8:
2736:
2690:
1876:
629:
Cosimo was an authoritarian ruler and secured his position by employing a guard of Swiss
2741:
2362:
1983:
1374:
1366:
927:(30 July 1549 – 17 February 1609), Francesco's successor as Grand Duke of Tuscany
582:
399:. Cosimo became Duke of Florence in 1537 at age 17, after the former Duke of Florence,
2105:
2003:
715:
2509:
2482:
2170:
1998:
1988:
1378:
1128:
947:
816:
762:
758:
746:
711:
622:
606:
481:
480:
Toward the end of July 1537, the exiles marched into Tuscany under the leadership of
470:
420:
231:
218:
168:
867:(25 March 1541 – 19 October 1587), Cosimo's successor as Grand Duke of Tuscany
2731:
2721:
2680:
2190:
2013:
1928:
1897:
1794:
1773:
1493:
1358:
1333:
Medici Women: Portraits of Power, Love and Betrayal from the Court of Duke Cosimo I
986:
975:
836:
766:
458:
351:
193:
68:
2592:
2576:
2008:
1717:
1694:
898:
788:
392:
2716:
2711:
2534:
2429:
2388:
2240:
1993:
1052:
990:
884:
742:
738:
666:
533:
447:
424:
384:
317:
954:
After Eleanor's death in 1562, Cosimo fathered two children with his mistress
601:, Cosimo gave up active rule of the Florentine state to his son and successor
2763:
2306:
2127:
1439:
Cosimo I de' Medici and his Self-Representation in Florentine Art and Culture
804:
734:
597:
In the last 10 years of his reign, struck by the death of two of his sons by
485:
451:
443:
1471:
Tales From The Crypt: Reports On The Exhumation Of The Medici Tombs In Italy
908:
Pietro (Pedricco) (10 August 1546 – 10 June 1547), who died in infancy
2675:
2492:
2450:
2438:
2311:
2275:
832:
658:
548:
455:
2685:
2659:
2613:
2424:
1939:
1902:
1534:
773:
646:
591:
525:
412:
376:
327:
2393:
2519:
1922:
1892:
1758:
1431:
The Cultural World of Eleonora of Toledo, Duchess of Florence and Siena
1370:
587:
493:
2378:
726:
and ingenious ornamental water features, and were a prototype for the
30:"Cosimo I" redirects here. For the founder of the Medici dynasty, see
2633:
2550:
2514:
799:
719:
688:
654:
630:
570:
Official portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici as Grand Duke of Tuscany by
488:. When Cosimo heard of their approach, he sent his best troops under
1362:
1261:
The Medici, Michelangelo, & the Art of Late Renaissance Florence
508:'s body was found with a bloody sword next to it and a note quoting
754:
750:
697:
556:
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435:
372:
130:
1686:
2726:
915:
840:
824:
784:
693:
598:
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292:
962:
an unnamed daughter (born and died 1566) who died before baptism
581:. With the support of Charles V, he defeated the Sienese at the
1459:
930:
Anna (19 March 1553 – 6 August 1553), who died in infancy
902:
873:(31 August 1542 – 16 July 1576), murdered by her husband
828:
808:
723:
704:
642:
638:
552:
509:
466:
427:
and was only four years old at the time of his father's death.
297:
1270:
Gender and Political Culture in Early Modern Europe, 1400-1800
578:
396:
350:(12 June 1519 – 21 April 1574) was the second and last
921:
Antonio (1 July 1548 – July 1548), who died in infancy
936:(3 June 1554 – 25 April 1604), who murdered his wife
844:
703:
Cosimo is perhaps best known today for the creation of the
662:
650:
803:
Eleanor of Toledo, Duchess of Florence, who purchased the
551:. With this move, Cosimo firmly restored the power of the
1297:
Culture and Power: Tuscany and Its Universities 1537-1609
883:(28 September 1543 – 20 November 1562), who became
1349:
Mason, Roger (1989). "The Medici-Lazara Map of Alanya".
1213:
1150:
27:
Duke of Florence later Grand Duke of Tuscany (1537â1574)
1422:
The Cultural Politics of Grand Duke Cosimo I de' Medici
1288:
Twilight of the Renaissance: The Life of Juan de Valdés
1225:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1201:
1062:
1060:
1021:
1189:
1105:
1072:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
737:
as a home for the Medici and created the magnificent
524:
The coronation of Cosimo as Grand Duke of Tuscany by
1237:
1162:
1138:
970:(1567 – 1621), later legitimized by his father
914:(5 July 1547 – 12 December 1562), who died of
857:(3 April 1540 – 19 November 1557), engaged to
419:, since the only male child of Alessandro, the last
1408:. Vol. 2. The Boydell Press. pp. 121â150.
1057:
985:(29 May 1568 – 15 January 1615), who married
594:elevated him to the rank of Grand Duke of Tuscany.
1324:Lorenzo di Filippo Strozzi and Niccolo Machiavelli
1002:
676:, and which he entrusted to his new creation, the
559:until the death of the last of the Medici rulers,
1448:(Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009).
893:(7 June 1545 – 21 April 1561), who married
434:Cosimo I de' Medici at about 19 years of age (by
2761:
772:A large bronze equestrian statue of Cosimo I by
815:In 1539, Cosimo married the Spanish noblewoman
512:, but many believe that his suicide was faked.
354:from 1537 until 1569, when he became the first
1279:Personification: Embodying Meaning and Emotion
787:, a passion he inherited from his grandmother
1702:
1550:
978:(died 1590) and fathered one child with her:
776:, erected in 1598, still stands today in the
1428:
1419:
1388:Patronage and Italian Renaissance Sculpture
633:. In 1548, he managed to have his relative
2830:16th century in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2092:Genealogical tables of the House of Medici
1709:
1695:
1564:
1557:
1543:
1465:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1315:Uffizi Gallery: Art, History, Collections
1267:
1219:
605:. He retreated to live in his villa, the
1403:
1339:
1303:
1231:
1183:
1027:
798:
687:
683:
616:
565:
519:
429:
224:
1330:
1276:
1258:
1207:
1195:
1078:
492:to engage the enemy, which they did at
375:on 12 June 1519, the son of the famous
183: 1539; died 1562)
14:
2762:
1394:
1321:
1294:
1243:
1171:
1066:
794:
1690:
1538:
1385:
1348:
1312:
1285:
1156:
1144:
1111:
1015:
819:(1522 – 1562), the daughter of
577:Cosimo next turned his attention to
395:, the Countess of ForlĂŹ and Lady of
106:21 August 1569 – 21 April 1574
2825:1570s in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2820:1560s in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2790:16th-century grand dukes of Tuscany
1716:
621:Portrait bust from the workshop of
358:, a title he held until his death.
24:
2639:Crown of the Grand Duke of Tuscany
2471:Painters, sculptors and architects
1503:Elevated to Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1429:Eisenbichler, Konrad, ed. (2004).
1420:Eisenbichler, Konrad, ed. (2001).
1413:
1342:A Companion to Cosimo I de' Medici
515:
25:
2851:
1452:
783:Cosimo was also an enthusiast of
2544:Poets and other literary figures
2104:
1511:Elevated from Duchy of Florence
1458:
612:
366:
337:
45:
2785:16th-century monarchs in Europe
1259:Acidini, Cristina, ed. (2002).
1127:, Giunti Publishers, Florence (
780:, the main square of Florence.
450:(the ancestral homeland of the
423:of the senior branch, was born
206:
180:
53:Portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici
1406:Medieval Clothing and Textiles
1335:. University of Toronto Press.
1326:. University of Toronto Press.
1290:. University of Toronto Press.
1272:. Routledge. pp. 158â176.
1117:
1084:
1042:
1033:
861:, but died before the marriage
379:Ludovico de' Medici (known as
244:Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano
13:
1:
2780:16th-century Italian nobility
2722:Stories set to music: "opera"
996:
417:Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici
387:, herself a granddaughter of
57:
2815:Knights of the Golden Fleece
1304:Fletcher, Catherine (2016).
938:Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo
835:and was a patron of the new
409:Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici
7:
2810:Italian patrons of the arts
2498:Michelangelo and the Medici
2342:Palazzo Medici di Ottaviano
2292:Casino Mediceo di San Marco
1397:Murder of a Medici Princess
1331:Langdon, Gabrielle (2007).
1322:Landon, William J. (2013).
1123:Isabella Ballerini (2011),
821:Don Pedro Ălvarez de Toledo
541:Bernardo Antonio de' Medici
446:, Cosimo had lived only in
268:Virginia, Duchess of Modena
252:Lucrezia, Duchess of Modena
10:
2856:
2565:Humanists and philosophers
2317:Palazzo Medici Tornaquinci
1399:. Oxford University Press.
1308:. Oxford University Press.
1281:. Brill. pp. 162â185.
1252:
950:(ca. 1536 â March 1, 1542)
728:Italian Renaissance garden
29:
2704:
2668:
2652:
2626:
2601:
2585:
2564:
2543:
2470:
2463:
2417:
2371:
2350:
2284:
2126:
2119:
2102:
2084:
2066:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
2058:
2027:
1911:
1885:
1864:
1816:
1793:
1749:Lorenzo "The Magnificent"
1731:
1724:
1572:
1523:
1514:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1395:Murphy, Caroline (2008).
1295:Davies, Jonathan (2009).
1286:Crews, Daniel A. (2008).
733:Cosimo also finished the
572:Giovanni Battista Naldini
391:. He was the grandson of
381:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
333:
323:
313:
308:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
303:
291:
282:
277:
273:
217:
157:
140:
124:
120:
110:
102:
95:
85:
74:
67:
44:
39:
1263:. Yale University Press.
1051:by Bronzino, now at the
974:In 1570, Cosimo married
850:Cosimo and Eleanor had:
555:, who thereafter ruled
407:, the great-grandson of
2835:Italian Roman Catholics
2297:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
2028:Bishops and archbishops
1441:(Cambridge, CUP, 2006).
875:Paolo Giordano I Orsini
657:and the strongholds of
561:Gian Gastone de' Medici
389:Lorenzo the Magnificent
361:
260:Ferdinando I de' Medici
78:6 January 1537 –
2805:Nobility from Florence
2644:Order of Saint Stephen
2525:Antonio del Pollaiuolo
1818:Grand Dukes of Tuscany
1566:Grand dukes of Tuscany
1527:Francesco I de' Medici
1313:Fossi, Gloria (2001).
956:Eleonora degli Albizzi
812:
700:
678:Knights of St. Stephen
626:
574:
543:to Holy Roman Emperor
536:
442:Up to the time of his
439:
240:Francesco I de' Medici
152:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2444:Cappella dei Principi
2351:Fountains and gardens
1803:Alessandro "The Moor"
1785:Alessandro "The Moor"
1517:Grand Duke of Tuscany
1487:Alessandro de' Medici
877:because of infidelity
802:
778:Piazza della Signoria
761:, and the historians
691:
684:Patronage of the arts
620:
569:
539:In 1537, Cosimo sent
523:
498:Piazza della Signoria
433:
401:Alessandro de' Medici
356:grand duke of Tuscany
97:Grand Duke of Tuscany
2609:Emilio de' Cavalieri
2572:Pico della Mirandola
2530:Jacopo della Quercia
2505:Bernardo Buontalenti
2488:Filippo Brunelleschi
2478:Bartolomeo Ammannati
2327:Palazzo delle Vedove
1759:Giovanni, Pope Leo X
1467:at Wikimedia Commons
1096:Fortress Study Group
609:, outside Florence.
405:Giovanni il Popolano
135:Republic of Florence
2840:Italian art patrons
2634:Medici coat of arms
2556:NiccolĂČ Machiavelli
2019:Vincenzo II Gonzaga
1437:Henk Th. Van Veen,
843:while traveling to
795:Marriage and family
649:, the new walls of
371:Cosimo was born in
348:Cosimo I de' Medici
283:Cosimo I de' Medici
2363:Villa di Pratolino
1739:Cosimo "The Elder"
1159:, p. 136-137.
813:
701:
627:
583:Battle of Marciano
575:
537:
490:Alessandro Vitelli
440:
2800:Dukes of Florence
2757:
2756:
2696:Arazzeria Medicea
2622:
2621:
2510:Leonardo da Vinci
2483:Sandro Botticelli
2459:
2458:
2399:San Piero a Sieve
2100:
2099:
1999:Bernardo Salviati
1989:Giovanni Salviati
1795:Dukes of Florence
1754:Piero "The Brief"
1744:Piero "The Gouty"
1732:Lords of Florence
1684:
1683:
1633:Francesco Stefano
1533:
1532:
1524:Succeeded by
1463:Media related to
1444:GĂĄldy, Andrea M.
1351:Anatolian Studies
1133:978-88-09-76632-7
1125:The Medici Villas
895:Alfonso II d'Este
859:Alfonso II d'Este
817:Eleanor of Toledo
763:Scipione Ammirato
759:Baldassarre Lanci
747:Benvenuto Cellini
712:Villa di Castello
674:Battle of Lepanto
661:on the island of
623:Benvenuto Cellini
607:Villa di Castello
482:Bernardo Salviati
421:lineal descendant
411:, founder of the
345:
344:
287:
286:
248:Cardinal Giovanni
169:Eleanor of Toledo
32:Cosimo de' Medici
16:(Redirected from
2847:
2732:Pazzi conspiracy
2691:Venus de' Medici
2681:Medici porcelain
2551:Agnolo Poliziano
2468:
2467:
2226:Poggio Imperiale
2124:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2040:Bernardo Antonio
2014:Ferrante Gonzaga
1865:Queens of France
1729:
1728:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1504:
1494:Duke of Florence
1484:Preceded by
1476:
1475:
1462:
1434:
1425:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1121:
1115:
1114:, p. 85-86.
1109:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
976:Camilla Martelli
807:in 1549 for the
767:Benedetto Varchi
757:, the architect
459:Benedetto Varchi
352:duke of Florence
341:
275:
274:
236:Maria de' Medici
228:
210:
208:
194:Camilla Martelli
184:
182:
147:
81:
69:Duke of Florence
62:
59:
49:
37:
36:
21:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2795:House of Medici
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2700:
2664:
2648:
2618:
2597:
2593:Galileo Galilei
2581:
2577:Marsilio Ficino
2560:
2539:
2455:
2413:
2367:
2358:Medici fountain
2346:
2280:
2166:Poggio a Caiano
2115:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2080:
2054:
2023:
2009:Lorenzo Strozzi
2004:NiccolĂČ Ridolfi
1984:Luigi de' Rossi
1978:
1971:Francesco Maria
1907:
1881:
1860:
1812:
1789:
1720:
1718:House of Medici
1715:
1685:
1680:
1568:
1563:
1529:
1520:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1455:
1416:
1414:Further reading
1363:10.2307/3642815
1255:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
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1182:
1178:
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1118:
1110:
1106:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1058:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1003:
999:
899:Duke of Ferrara
797:
789:Caterina Sforza
716:NiccolĂČ Tribolo
710:His gardens at
686:
615:
518:
516:Rule of Tuscany
506:Filippo Strozzi
393:Caterina Sforza
383:) and his wife
369:
364:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
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222:
221:
213:
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209: 1570)
204:
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197:
196:
186:
178:
174:
171:
149:
145:
129:
79:
63:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2853:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2717:Galilean moons
2714:
2712:Medici giraffe
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
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2580:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2535:Giorgio Vasari
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2430:Medici Chapels
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
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2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2302:Palazzo Madama
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:Montevettolini
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2103:
2101:
2098:
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2088:
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2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1994:Innocenzo Cybo
1991:
1986:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
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1874:
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1746:
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1735:
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1726:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1658:
1649:Ferdinando III
1646:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:Regnal titles
1474:
1473:
1468:
1454:
1453:External links
1451:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1426:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1346:
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1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1234:, p. 136.
1224:
1222:, p. 164.
1220:Bercusson 2017
1212:
1210:, p. 174.
1200:
1188:
1186:, p. 176.
1176:
1161:
1149:
1147:, p. 195.
1137:
1116:
1104:
1083:
1081:, p. 309.
1071:
1056:
1053:Uffizi Gallery
1049:Bia's portrait
1041:
1032:
1030:, p. xvi.
1020:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
991:Duke of Modena
972:
971:
965:
952:
951:
948:Bia de' Medici
941:
940:
931:
928:
922:
919:
909:
906:
888:
887:and a cardinal
885:Bishop of Pisa
878:
868:
862:
823:, the Spanish
796:
793:
743:Giorgio Vasari
739:Boboli Gardens
714:, designed by
685:
682:
667:Terra del Sole
614:
611:
534:Vatican Palace
517:
514:
425:out-of-wedlock
385:Maria Salviati
368:
365:
363:
360:
343:
342:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
318:Maria Salviati
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
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289:
288:
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284:
280:
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270:
232:Bia de' Medici
229:
215:
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198:
192:
191:
190:
189:
176:
172:
167:
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165:
164:
161:
159:
155:
154:
148:(aged 54)
142:
138:
137:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
93:
92:
87:
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80:21 August 1569
76:
72:
71:
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50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:Palazzo Pitti
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
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2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Cerreto Guidi
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Collesalvetti
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2112:Festina Lente
2107:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:(Clement VII)
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1846:Ferdinando II
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:(Clement VII)
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
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1730:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1677:
1674:
1673:Ferdinando IV
1671:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:Ferdinando II
1607:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1246:, p. 27.
1245:
1240:
1233:
1232:Sherrill 2006
1228:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1198:, p. 99.
1197:
1192:
1185:
1184:Loffredo 2022
1180:
1174:, p. 63.
1173:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1069:, p. 74.
1068:
1063:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1036:
1029:
1028:Fletcher 2016
1024:
1018:, p. 20.
1017:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
992:
988:
987:Cesare d'Este
984:
981:
980:
979:
977:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
959:
957:
949:
946:
945:
944:
939:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
913:
910:
907:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:
886:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
856:
853:
852:
851:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
810:
806:
805:Palazzo Pitti
801:
792:
790:
786:
781:
779:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
699:
695:
690:
681:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
624:
619:
613:Statesmanship
610:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
584:
580:
573:
568:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
531:
527:
522:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Piero Strozzi
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:Medici family
449:
445:
437:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
367:Rise to power
359:
357:
353:
349:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
319:
316:
312:
309:
306:
302:
299:
296:
294:
290:
281:
276:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
227:
226:
220:
216:
195:
188:
187:
170:
163:
162:
160:
156:
153:
144:21 April 1574
143:
139:
136:
132:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
77:
73:
70:
66:
55:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2676:Medici lions
2653:Institutions
2493:Michelangelo
2451:Old Sacristy
2439:New Sacristy
2312:Villa Medici
2236:L'Ambrogiana
2221:Arena Metato
2111:
2071:Don Giovanni
1979:
1961:Giovan Carlo
1951:Ferdinando I
1918:
1856:Gian Gastone
1836:Ferdinando I
1825:
1807:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1625:Gian Gastone
1619:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1593:Ferdinando I
1587:
1579:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1421:
1405:
1396:
1390:. Routledge.
1387:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1208:Clifton 2016
1203:
1196:Langdon 2007
1191:
1179:
1152:
1140:
1135:), pp. 30-41
1124:
1119:
1107:
1102:), pp108-129
1099:
1091:
1090:Role, R.E.,
1086:
1079:Acidini 2002
1074:
1044:
1035:
1023:
973:
963:
953:
942:
849:
833:Pitti Palace
814:
782:
771:
735:Pitti Palace
732:
709:
702:
671:
659:Portoferraio
628:
596:
576:
549:Italian Wars
538:
479:
464:
441:
370:
347:
346:
223:
146:(1574-04-21)
128:12 June 1519
51:
2775:1574 deaths
2770:1519 births
2686:Medici Vase
2660:Medici Bank
2614:Jacopo Peri
2434:San Lorenzo
2425:Magi Chapel
2059:Condottieri
1980:female line
1898:Clement VII
1831:Francesco I
1668:(1849â1859)
1664:(1824â1849)
1661:Leopoldo II
1656:(1814â1824)
1652:(1790â1801)
1644:(1765â1790)
1636:(1737-1765)
1628:(1723â1737)
1620:(1670â1723)
1612:(1621â1670)
1604:(1609â1621)
1596:(1587â1609)
1588:(1574-1587)
1585:Francesco I
1580:(1569â1574)
1244:Davies 2009
1172:Murphy 2008
1067:Landon 2013
774:Giambologna
647:Sansepolcro
631:mercenaries
603:Francesco I
592:Pope Pius V
526:Pope Pius V
413:Medici Bank
377:condottiere
328:Catholicism
115:Francesco I
86:Predecessor
61: 1545
2764:Categories
2737:Savonarola
2586:Scientists
2520:Michelozzo
2372:Fortresses
2216:Marignolle
2196:Camugliano
2191:La Petraia
2186:Spedaletto
2176:Mezzomonte
2136:Cafaggiolo
1940:Alessandro
1851:Cosimo III
1769:Lorenzo II
1641:Leopoldo I
1617:Cosimo III
1521:1569â1574
1498:1537â1569
1357:: 85â105.
1157:Crews 2008
1145:McHam 2017
1112:Mason 1989
1016:Fossi 2001
997:References
925:Ferdinando
692:Cosimo as
625:, ca. 1550
588:Montalcino
530:Sala Regia
500:or in the
494:Montemurlo
438:, c. 1538)
150:Florence,
90:Alessandro
2742:TV series
2602:Musicians
2515:Donatello
2464:Patronage
2271:Seravezza
2206:La Topaia
2156:La Quiete
2120:Buildings
2085:Genealogy
1976:Francesco
1919:male line
1912:Cardinals
1841:Cosimo II
1601:Cosimo II
1379:140560594
1317:. Giunti.
918:at age 15
905:, in 1560
865:Francesco
720:labyrinth
655:Fivizzano
635:Lorenzino
545:Charles V
456:literatus
444:accession
334:Signature
111:Successor
2747:episodes
2627:Heraldry
2409:Volterra
2389:Piombino
2384:Grosseto
2337:Materdei
2261:Artimino
2241:La MĂ gia
2171:Castello
2045:Giuliano
1966:Leopoldo
1946:Giovanni
1942:(Leo XI)
1935:Ippolito
1923:Giovanni
1872:Caterina
1826:Cosimo I
1808:Cosimo I
1780:Ippolito
1764:Giuliano
1577:Cosimo I
1344:. Brill.
1299:. Brill.
983:Virginia
968:Giovanni
891:Lucrezia
881:Giovanni
871:Isabella
755:Bronzino
751:Pontormo
698:Bronzino
557:Florence
502:Bargello
475:Bronzino
436:Pontormo
373:Florence
324:Religion
131:Florence
40:Cosimo I
18:Cosimo I
2727:Albizzi
2705:Related
2418:Chapels
2394:Pistoia
2322:Livorno
2285:Palaces
2251:Coltano
2246:Liliano
2231:Lapeggi
2201:Stabbia
2151:Fiesole
2146:Careggi
2141:Trebbio
2076:Mattias
2035:Filippo
1925:(Leo X)
1371:3642815
1253:Sources
916:malaria
841:malaria
825:viceroy
811:family.
785:alchemy
694:Orpheus
599:malaria
532:of the
528:in the
448:Mugello
225:more...
211:
203:
199:
185:
177:
173:
2379:Arezzo
2276:Madama
2181:Agnano
2128:Villas
2050:Zanobi
1929:Giulio
1903:Leo XI
1774:Giulio
1725:People
1676:(1859)
1666:&
1654:&
1377:
1369:
1131:
1094:2008 (
934:Pietro
912:Garzia
903:Modena
837:Jesuit
829:Naples
809:Medici
724:grotto
705:Uffizi
643:Arezzo
639:Venice
553:Medici
510:Virgil
467:France
314:Mother
304:Father
298:Medici
264:Pietro
256:Garzia
158:Spouse
2404:Siena
1956:Carlo
1893:Leo X
1886:Popes
1877:Maria
1375:S2CID
1367:JSTOR
855:Maria
696:, by
579:Siena
397:Imola
293:House
278:Names
219:Issue
205:(
201:
179:(
175:
103:Reign
75:Reign
2332:Pisa
2266:Buti
1129:ISBN
1098:), (
1092:Fort
901:and
845:Pisa
765:and
722:, a
665:and
663:Elba
653:and
651:Pisa
484:and
362:Life
141:Died
125:Born
2669:Art
1359:doi
827:of
471:Bia
2766::
2432:,
1982::
1921::
1373:.
1365:.
1355:39
1353:.
1164:^
1100:36
1059:^
1004:^
989:,
958::
897:,
847:.
791:.
769:.
753:,
749:,
745:,
680:.
669:.
645:,
504:.
477:.
207:m.
181:m.
133:,
58:c.
56:,
1710:e
1703:t
1696:v
1558:e
1551:t
1544:v
1433:.
1424:.
1381:.
1361::
34:.
20:)
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