319:
260:
396:, considered the best and sharpest in the world. In this version Charlemagne (Carlo Magno) comes to Verzeppe Castle (presumably Leverzep/Louvezerp) in Logres and finds the statues of five eminent Arthurian knights, each wearing their original sword. Tristan's sword was given to Ogier (Ugieri) who was the only one capable of wielding the heavy sword, but the sword was clipped short upon its first use, and so was named
287:. In the ninth branch, he was offered reprieve in exchange for cooperating with fighting a new wave of Saracens, but refused unless he could exact vengeance against Charlot. Ogier was about to strike Courtain upon Charlot, when the archangel Michael interceded, holding the sword by its blade or edge, and staying the execution.
557:
at an earlier time and was "nothing more than a wooden staircase", though he will refrain from discussing the lore of the steel staircase at the Aix Palace, where the knights tried out their swords (Cf. "steel staircase" used by Ogier to test his sword, mentioned in L. Gautier's reconstructed life of
166:
Karaheut of India who owned
Cortain challenged Ogier to duel. Karaheut's weapon, "the sword Brumadant the Savage" was remade more than twenty times by the swordsmith Escurable; when it was tested on a block of marble it broke about a palm's length, and had to be reforged shorter-bladed; hence it was
514:
The circumstances were that
Karaheu persuaded Ogier to fight in single combat, but his comrades in large numbers interrupted and took Ogier hostage. Karaheu, failing to secure Ogier's release, surrendered himself to the French. Meanwhile the Amiral broke the engagement of his daughter Gloriande to
487:
Alternately it may have been "the sword
Brumadant the Savage". This Brumadant the sword-owner supposedly differs from the "maker of which" sword, according to one view, but others thought this Brumadant was in fact the giant-smith who forged it. The latter case conflicts with Langlois's reading
1507:
As for 1/2 foot unit measurement, Gehrt (1899) says
Durendal "hewed off 1/2 ft." in the saga, and it can be corroborated he meant 1/2 ft., since he uses the same expression for Courtain "striking off 1/2 ft." in the chanson of Renaud, where the original reads "demi pié(pied)"
1892:"Comment Charlemagne partit de Laon, etc., .. & comment l'Ange ainsi qu'il vouloit coupper lateste de Charlot luy retint le bras & des parolles qu'il luy dist". p. 245: "Dieu.. envoya un Ange de Paradis, qui retint le coup del'espee d'Ogier & luy dist.."
155:, Ogier was still unknighted and sent as hostage to King Charlemagne. Thus when the French began to fight Saracens invading Rome, the unarmed Ogier only spectated. Eventually however he entered the fray, wresting the arms of the
240:". Thus this Scandinavian account fails to explain how the sword got its name, unlike the French text which reveals that the sword was curtailed when tested. The meaning of "Kurt" in Old Norse would be "courtesy" or "chivalry".
421:, but the tradition was forgotten in England. The English royal Curtana had been once been jagged at its broken tip, and in the Tristan/Tristram romances, the hero's sword broke off, with its tip lodged in Morholt's head.
303:(c. 1335) versions, and the 15th century prose romance of Ogier, e.g., the scenes of Karaheu (Caraheu) using it in single combat with Ogier. The prose redactor retained the episode of an angel (though he was an anonymous "
1511:
drei von Galant.. den dritten, besten, der einen halben Fuss Stahl herunterhaut" (Karlamagnussaga) vs. "drei Helden, zuerst Roland, dann
Olivier, dann Ogier. Der letztere.. einen halben Fuss herunterschlug
2313:
Textes norrois et littérature française du Moyen Age: La premiÚre branche de la
Karlamagnus saga. Traduction complÚte du texte en narrois, pécédée d'une intruduction et suivie d'un index des noms propres
582:, which Fritzner's dictionary merely defines verbatim as "steel mound" in Norwegian. Hieatt's English translation thus give "steel mound", but the French side-by-side translation gives "mass of steel (
315:)" to stop Ogier from killing Charlot with the sword Courtain. Later printed editions have further altered this to stating (in chapter summary) that the angel held back Ogier's arm.
1940:
Men som han nu havd
Svaerdet oppe i Veiret, da kom en Guds Engel af Himmelen ganske skinnende og hodt om Odden af SvĂŠret, at Alle saae det stinbarlingen. Engelen sagte til Olger
942:
vv. 787â792 "C'est
Kareeus fix le roi Gloriant (Quinquenant),/FrĂšre Marsille et cosin Baligant, Drus Gloriande, la fille l'amirant.. gent/D'Ynde la fiĂšre dessi en Orient"
217:
Part I (c. 1240), KarlamagnĂșs (Charlemagne) tested three swords at Aix-la-Chapelle, and the first that only made a notch in the steel mound or block received the name "
549:
ought taken to mean a "massive rock construction" (as per Paul Meyer), though probably earlier the word referred to a natural rock formation. He claims moreover that
615:} could mean "foot" or "leg". Note that although Hieatt's English tr. gives "rent more than half the length of a man's foot" the French side-by-side tr. gives "
478:
and ( fiancée of) Gloriande, daughter of the amiral. Karaheut is described as "lover of
Glorianda", but she is more appropriately characterized as the fiancée.
74:
175:-minded Karaheut, who gave his destrier and arms (including Cortain) to Ogier so he could now fight the new opponent, Brunamont, in single combat.
86:(c. 1065â1075), and this is taken as a nickname derived from his sword-name Cortain. The sword name does not appear in the oldest extant copy of
346:(1534), adapted from the French prose. The work notes that the sword could still be viewed at the "cloister of St. Bent (=Benedict)'s order" at
365:(1230â1235, expanded in 1240) also names Ogier as eventual owner of the sword, though claiming it to have been a relic of the Arthurian knight
144:
Generally according to traditional French sources, Cortain was previously owned by the courteous
Saracen knight Karaheut, and given to Ogier.
283:
Ogier turned rebel (after Prince Charlot murders his son Bauduin/Baldwinet over chess), and eventually was made prisoner in later branches of
2389:(in Old Norse and French). Traduction française par Annette Patron-Godefroit. Société pour l'étude de langue et de la littérature danoises.
1270:
A Dictionary of Medieval Heroes: Characters in Medieval Narrative Traditions and Their Afterlife in Literature, Theatre and the Visual Arts
377:
in an abbey in England, giving the Tristan sword to Ogier, and girt Palamedes' sword on himself, which was judged to be a superior sword.
461:, p. 209. Langlois, lists "Caraheu, Craheut, Karaheu, Karaheut, Karaheult, Kareeu". "Karahues" and "Karahuel" are also used.
528:
besides "boulder block". Hieatt calls it "testing mound", similar to "steel mound" used for sword-testing in the saga version.
1282:
598:(usually considered a stone block) But in Leon Gautier's narrative, Ogier's sword was tested on the "steel staircase" at Aix.
1617:, p. 48: "Si Abraham est un inconnu , sans doute un Juif , Malakin , nom porté presque uniquement par des Sarrasins.."
350:(near Paris) in France. It also records the episode of Olger's sword Kortone being stopped by the angel (see fig. right).
1152:
This sword name first occurs as Corte at v. 1663, but is spelt Courtain at v.1860 and most other occurrences in the poem.
2292:
Renaus de Montauban oder die Haimonskinder, altfranzösisches Gedicht, nach den Handschriften zum Erstenmal herausgegeben
243:
All three swords were received as ransom from a Jew named "Malakin of Ivin", and all made by Galant of England, namely
2512:
La tradition littéraire d'Ogier le Danois aprÚs le XIIIe siÚcle: permanence et renouvellement du genre épique médiéval
1626:
Not explicit in original text. Hieatt glosses Malakin as "usurer" in index; but the character is assumed to be a Jew (
2580:
2520:
2448:
2394:
2364:
2321:
2109:
2019:
1962:
1538:
1086:
706:
497:
Brunamont de Maiolgre. Brunamont's homeland Maiolgre is not specified by Langlois, and thogh Ludlow guesses it to be
414:
417:. Loomis also argues that Curtana's origins as Tristram's sword was known to the author of this passage in Prose
159:
Alori who fled in retreat. His deeds were rewarded by knighthood, and Charlemagne girt him with his own sword.
309:", not specifically St. Michael) who "holds back the stroke of Ogier's sword and took the sword by the point (
2575:
374:
120:
2419:
2042:
1982:
318:
2459:
2316:. Textes norrois et littérature française du Moyen Age. Vol 2. (in Old Norse and French). GenÚve: Droz.
2295:. Bibliothek des Litterarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, 67. Stuttgart: Litterarischer Verein in Stuttgart.
1925:
This is probably the reference to the effigies on the sarcophagi of "Ogier" and "St. Benedict" at Meaux.
1697:
1677:
267:
2491:
653:
King Johan received "duos enses scilicet ensem Tristrami.. (two swords, namely Tristram's sword.. )",
2570:
2356:
2195:
2079:
1267:
van Dijk, Hans (2000). "Ogier the Dane". In Gerritsen, Willem Pieter; Van Melle, Anthony G. (eds.).
2565:
369:(Tristram). Since the sword was originally too long and too heavy, Ogier shortened it and named it
2099:
1090:
2510:
2350:
2286:
515:
Karaheu, awarding her to Brunamont. Gloriande then named Ogier her champion to fight Brunamont.
373:. According to this French narrative, Charlemagne brought discovered the swords of Tristan and
2545:
2495:
2479:
2463:
2438:
2423:
2290:
2258:
2179:
2163:
2131:
2083:
2007:
1889:
1773:
1701:
1681:
1528:
1443:
1415:
1364:
1324:
1268:
1189:
1127:
1041:
1007:
984:
926:
696:
2411:
2311:
2104:. Translated by Shaver, Anne. State University of New York at Binghamton. 1983. p. 125.
1644:
1558:
1064:
2191:
2038:
406:
8:
1020:
405:
The English monarchy also laid claim to owning "Tristram's sword", and this according to
188:
126:
81:
2270:
2228:
1978:
2407:
2260:
L'Histoire d'Ogier le Dannoys Duc de Dannemarche, Qui fut l'un des douze Pers de France
2062:
275:
88:
69:
The tradition that Ogier had a short sword is quite old. There is an entry for "Oggero
1027:, v. 1647. Langlois describes Brumandant as the name of the sword forged by Escurable.
2541:
2516:
2444:
2390:
2360:
2340:
2317:
2307:
2254:
2105:
2015:
1958:
1534:
1278:
702:
382:
244:
201:
132:
110:
2054:
259:
101:
2384:
195:"), giving rise to the name "Cortain (Short)", or so it has been told in the poem
2531:
2475:
2468:. Vol. 2: Notes et variantes. Tours: Alfred Mame et Fils. pp. 114, 169.
2334:
2274:
2242:
2235:
1449:
1037:
386:(mid-14th to 15th century) based largely on the Italian translation of the Prose
156:
51:
2376:
843:
Le Roy Caraheu parla Ă Ogier le Dannois &.. kuy donna courtain sa bon espee
47:
2559:
1801:
Ch'iert sains Mikex, ce trovons-nos lisant: L'ameure tint del espée trenchant
359:
2500:
Popular epics of the middle ages of the Norse-German and Carlovingian Cycles
1956:, translated by Curtis, Renée L., Oxford University Press, 1994, p. xvi
1382:, p. 169: "Courtain, l'épée d'Ogier.. fut écourtée d'un demi-pied, (V.
232:", and the third chopped off a chunk more than a half a foot" (possibly 1/2
1360:
654:
471:
296:
236:
measure (6 in (150 mm)), or "half leng-lenth"), earning the name
470:
Karaheut of India was son of King Gloriant (var. Quinquenant), brother of
2481:
Table des noms propres de toute nature compris dans les chansons de geste
2380:
1524:
610:
574:
300:
233:
43:
2066:
55:
577:
2375:
2279:. Altfranzösisehe Bibliothek, VI. Helbronn: Verlag von Gebr Henniger.
2276:
Das altfranzösische Rolandslied. Text von Chùteauroux und Venedig VII
2132:
Leverzep (Leverzerp, Lonazep, Lonezep, Louvezeph, Lovezerp, Verzeppe)
1652:
1566:
1455:
227:
2058:
502:
498:
475:
237:
172:
748:
746:
2147:, p. 313: "Castle Louvezerp" where a tournament takes place.
1134:
1101:
628:
la troisiÚme , et il tomba plus de la moitié d'une jambe d'homme
410:
366:
163:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1855:
1069:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle Upon Tyne
312:
retint le coup de l'espee d'Ogier et print l'espee par la pointe
2101:
Tristan and the Round Table: A Translation of La Tavola Ritonda
743:
222:
1867:
1530:
Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
1994:
347:
1393:
2359:
Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 1975a.
322:
Olger Danske's sword Kortone prevented from harming Karlot.
2440:
The Medieval Charlemagne Legend: An Annotated Bibliography
2085:
La Tavola ritonda o l'istoria di Tristano: testo di lingua
1260:
187:(stone block) and the sword got chipped (a "half a foot";
1750:
1208:
966:, p. lxxij: "Gloriande 1021; promise Ă Caraheu 1063"
870:
698:
Charlemagne in Spain: The Cultural Legacy of Roncesvalles
263:
Ogier the Dane's sword aimed at Charlot stopped by angel.
2352:
KarlamagnĂșs saga: The Saga of Charlemagne and his heroes
1852:, p. 221: "XVIII. Le Roman d'Ogier en Prose (1496)"
901:
899:
897:
1984:
Analyse critique du Roman de Tristan en prose française
1461:
782:
780:
444:(Roland, Venice ms. VII, laisses CCCCXVIII, CCCCXXXII).
99:
The sword and its early provenance is described in the
1596:
1489:
594:)" In the French source Ogier's sword was tested on a
440:(Roland, Chateauroux ms., laisses CCCCXXI, CCCCXXXV),
1907:
1895:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1722:
1667:, Ch. 43 note 2: "Weland, ..smith of Germanic legend"
1248:
1196:
994:
992:
894:
92:(Oxford manuscript), only in versions postdating the
1762:
1572:
1420:
945:
777:
715:
524:
Cf. next note for commentary on possible meaning of
2416:(in Old Norse). Christiania: Trykt hos H.J. Jensen.
1355:
1353:
1351:
1177:
1175:
792:
676:
2547:Introduction to the Study of Old French Literature
2533:Ogier le Danois dans les littérratures européennes
2502:, vol. 2, London: Macmillan, pp. 247â303
2253:
1885:
1633:
1547:
989:
855:Cf. also the printed French prose romance of 1579.
837:
631:" similarly states that a chunk that size "fell".
118:, or composed around the same time as it, such as
1405:
537:Leon Gautier concedes that in the context of the
2557:
2088:, Bologna: presso Gaetano Romagnoli, p. 192
2072:
1782:'. Barrois ed., v. 10966 is given as an example.
1690:
1655:(ON and Fr. side-by-side) Chapitre 40, pp. 88â89
1348:
1172:
911:
2508:
1873:
1861:
1706:. G. Routledge and sons. pp. 429, 432, 21.
1325:"Zwei altfranzösische BruchstĂŒcke des Floovant"
1091:"Adventure VIII. How Ogier won Sword and Horse"
763:
761:
608:
572:
221:" (Cortain), the second that cut a hand-width "
2092:
2033:
2031:
1113:
2496:"V. Sub-cycle of the Peers: Ogier of Denmark"
2285:
1399:
1305:
867:, pp. lxxi, 1â23, vv. 1ff; vv. 500â590ff
2386:KarlamagnĂșs saga: branches I, III, VII et IX
2269:
2184:
2175:
2078:
1946:
1938:
1799:
1777:
1569:(ON and Fr. side-by-side) Chapitre 41, p. 89
1509:
1318:
1316:
1314:
841:
823:
817:
758:
752:
626:
616:
589:
583:
336:
310:
304:
2349:
2226:
2028:
1791:
1740:
1716:
1670:
1664:
1648:
1590:
1562:
1517:
1297:
1238:
1226:
1140:
1107:
1011:: "ĂpĂ©e de Caraheux, forgĂ©e par Escurable".
963:
939:
888:
864:
810:
767:
295:The sword recurs in the later poems in the
2144:
1973:
1971:
1952:
1277:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 186â188.
641:
2540:
2306:
1614:
1467:
1311:
1128:Corte, Cortain, Cortein, Courte, Courtain
891:, pp. lxxij, 29â31, vv. 690ff, 747ff
622:
501:in Spain, the variant reading "Calabre" (
488:which names Escurable as the sword-maker.
458:
2474:
1686:. Paris: Victor PalmĂ©. pp. 608â609.
1533:. Oxford University Press. p. 242.
1266:
1181:
1119:
998:
917:
505:, Italy) may suggest somewhere in Italy.
447:
317:
258:
2458:
2436:
2332:
2190:
2037:
1968:
1934:
1913:
1696:
1676:
1602:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1411:
1379:
1085:
1079:
1036:
1030:
976:
559:
2558:
2529:
2490:
2401:(side-by-side edition and translation)
1977:
1901:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1756:
1728:
1578:
1523:
1426:
1254:
1214:
1202:
1166:
1062:
1056:
951:
905:
876:
798:
786:
737:
733:
721:
694:
682:
588:)", while Aebisher gave "steel block (
454:
178:
73:" ("Ogier of the short sword") in the
2550:. GenĂšve: Slatkine. pp. 208â210.
2406:
2156:
2124:
2005:
1640:
1554:
1359:
1322:
2509:Poulain-Gautret, Emmanuelle (2005).
290:
254:
213:According to the Old Norse version
108:. The sword has appeared in other
13:
1779:. s.f., lame d'épée, fil de l'épée
1229:, p. 99 and n4, vv. 2395â2397
1097:. Paris: V. PalmĂ©. pp. 81â96.
353:
14:
2592:
2230:La chevalerie Ogier de Danemarche
2043:"Tristram and the House of Anjou"
1770:Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue
1390:, i, 20, cité par G. Paris , 370)
607:Or "half a leg-length", since ON
571:The original Old Norse phrase is
415:coronation of the British monarch
208:
167:named Corte or Cortain, meaning "
2196:"Vestiges of Tristram in London"
2169:
1369:. Paris: A. Franck. p. 370.
647:
640:This passage is not included in
553:was also interchangeably called
2443:, Routledge, pp. 262â271,
2437:Farrier, Susan E., ed. (2019),
2150:
2137:
2118:
1928:
1919:
1879:
1843:
1785:
1734:
1710:
1658:
1620:
1608:
1584:
1501:
1473:
1432:
1386:, Ă©d. Michelant, p. 210, et la
1373:
1339:
1291:
1275:A Dictionary of Medieval Heroes
1232:
1220:
1155:
1146:
1014:
969:
957:
933:
882:
858:
849:
831:
804:
701:. Librairie Droz. p. 189.
634:
601:
565:
531:
518:
508:
491:
481:
464:
342:, are also given in the Danish
334:Various accounts of the sword,
247:, not the sword-maker named in
171:". This became the weapon of a
162:In the continued conflict, the
147:According to the first branch (
64:
2413:KarlamagnĂșs saga ok kappa hans
2301:(primary sourcesâScandinavian)
2006:Bruce, Christopher W. (1999).
1987:, Paris: Bouillon, p. 302
825:Caraheu donne son épée a Ogier
727:
688:
431:
1:
2355:. Vol. 1. Translated by
2227:Barrois, Joseph, ed. (1842).
2012:The Arthurian Name Dictionary
1639:KarlamagnĂșs saga I. Kap. 43,
1553:KarlamagnĂșs saga I. Kap. 44,
979:, p. 64, Adenet le Roi,
664:
618:moitié de la jambe d'un homme
139:
1025:l'espée Brumadant le sauvage
562:, p. 271, cited below).
183:Ogier tested the sword on a
7:
2492:Ludlow, John Malcolm Forbes
390:, Tristan's sword is named
10:
2597:
2484:. Parils: Ămille Bouillon.
2333:Hanssen, Nis, ed. (1842),
2047:The Modern Language Review
1651:, Part I, Ch. 43, p. 132;
1565:, Part I, Ch. 44, p. 133;
2343:, Kjöbenhavn: Louis Klein
2160:Arthurian name Dictionary
2128:Arthurian name Dictionary
1886:Benoist Rigaud ed. (1579)
1300:, note to Ch. 44, citing
838:Benoist Rigaud ed. (1579)
621:(half of human leg)" and
2581:Medieval European swords
2339:(in Danish), Fortale af
2194:(JulyâSeptember 1922b),
2014:. Garland. p. 131.
2008:"Cortaine ("Shortened")"
1063:Baron de Cosson (1891).
474:and cousin(relative) of
424:
413:" ("short") used in the
2263:. Lyon: Benoist Rigaud.
2200:The Burlington Magazine
2080:Polidori, Filippo Luigi
1024:
695:Sholod, Barton (1966).
644:'s English translation.
609:
573:
192:
2515:. Paris: H. Champion.
1954:The Romance of Tristan
1939:
1874:Poulain-Gautret (2005)
1862:Poulain-Gautret (2005)
1800:
1778:
1510:
1329:Romanische Forschungen
1065:"The Conyers Falchion"
842:
824:
818:
627:
617:
590:
584:
337:
331:
311:
305:
280:
2530:Togeby, Knud (1969),
2336:Olger Danskes KrĂžnike
2192:Loomis, Roger Sherman
2039:Loomis, Roger Sherman
1937:, pp. 138â139: "
1630:) by French scholars.
1190:Maiogre, Maiogres (1)
1143:, p. lxxiij, 77.
1110:, p. lxxiij, 69.
344:Olger Danskes krĂžnike
327:Olger Danskes KrĂžnike
321:
262:
16:Legendary short sword
2465:La Chanson de Roland
2357:Hieatt, Constance B.
1653:Togeby et al. (1980)
1567:Togeby et al. (1980)
1456:Togeby et al. (1980)
1400:Michelant ed. (1862)
1323:Gehrt, Paul (1899).
1306:Michelant ed. (1862)
1040:(17 February 1877).
755:, pp. 383, 393.
407:Roger Sherman Loomis
325:âHanssen ed. (1842)
2576:Mythological swords
2431:(secondary sources)
2408:Unger, Carl Richard
2379:; Halleux, Pierre;
2176:Polidori ed. (1864)
1759:, pp. 292â296.
1486:, p. 522, note
1384:Renaus de Montauban
1302:Renaud de Montauban
1217:, pp. 257â260.
927:Caraheu, etc., etc.
879:, pp. 249â251.
753:Foerster ed. (1883)
306:ung ange de paradis
285:Le Chevalerie Ogier
197:Renaud de Montauban
179:Renaud de Montauban
153:Le Chevalerie Ogier
127:Renaut de Montauban
114:somewhat predating
106:Le Chevalerie Ogier
61:, meaning "short".
50:. This name is the
2271:Foerster, Wendelin
2233:. Paris: Techener.
1792:Barrois ed. (1842)
1774:Amore, -ure, -eure
1741:Barrois ed. (1842)
1717:Barrois ed. (1842)
1665:Hieatt tr. (1975a)
1649:Hieatt tr. (1975a)
1591:Hieatt tr. (1975a)
1563:Hieatt tr. (1975a)
1482:, p. 169 and
1298:Hieatt tr. (1975a)
1239:Barrois ed. (1842)
1227:Barrois ed. (1842)
1141:Barrois ed. (1842)
1108:Barrois ed. (1842)
1046:All the Year Round
964:Barrois ed. (1842)
940:Barrois ed. (1842)
889:Barrois ed. (1842)
865:Barrois ed. (1842)
816:, vv. 2700ff. Cf.
811:Barrois ed. (1842)
768:Barrois ed. (1842)
736:, p. 112 and
332:
281:
276:Luc-Olivier Merson
274:(1884), design by
124:(before 1190) and
89:The Song of Roland
2221:(primary sources)
2145:Curtis tr. (1994)
2041:(January 1922a),
1864:, pp. 91â92.
1772:. Tome 1. s.v. "
1284:978-0-85115-780-1
642:Curtis tr. (1994)
539:Chanson de Roland
383:La Tavola Ritonda
291:Post-13th century
245:Wayland the Smith
202:Quatre Fils Aymon
133:Quatre fils Aymon
111:chansons de geste
46:in the legend of
42:) is a legendary
2588:
2571:European weapons
2551:
2537:
2526:
2503:
2485:
2476:Langlois, Ernest
2469:
2453:
2424:heimskringla.noç
2417:
2400:
2370:
2344:
2327:
2296:
2287:Michelant, Henri
2280:
2264:
2234:
2208:
2207:
2188:
2182:
2173:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2003:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1794:vv.10979â11009.
1789:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1637:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1615:Aebischer (1972)
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1477:
1471:
1468:Aebischer (1972)
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1438:Fritzner (1867)
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1388:Karlamagnus Saga
1377:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1320:
1309:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1179:
1170:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1038:Dickens, Charles
1034:
1028:
1018:
1012:
1010:
996:
987:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
929:
915:
909:
903:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
853:
847:
845:
835:
829:
827:
821:
814:Chevalerie Ogier
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
775:
765:
756:
750:
741:
731:
725:
719:
713:
712:
692:
686:
680:
658:
651:
645:
638:
632:
630:
625:, p. 131: "
623:Aebischer (1972)
620:
614:
605:
599:
593:
587:
581:
569:
563:
535:
529:
522:
516:
512:
506:
495:
489:
485:
479:
468:
462:
459:Voretzsch (1931)
451:
445:
435:
340:
329:
314:
308:
278:
255:Blocked by angel
231:
215:KarlamagnĂșs saga
116:Chevalerie Ogier
102:chanson de geste
85:
76:Nota Emilianense
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2566:European swords
2556:
2555:
2554:
2542:Voretzsch, Karl
2523:
2451:
2397:
2383:, eds. (1880).
2367:
2324:
2308:Aebischer, Paul
2255:Rigaud, Benoist
2212:
2211:
2189:
2185:
2174:
2170:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2077:
2073:
2059:10.2307/3714327
2036:
2029:
2022:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1976:
1969:
1951:
1947:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1840:, pp. 148.
1836:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1790:
1786:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1695:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1593:, Ch. 44 note 1
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1522:
1518:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1414:, p. 522,
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1321:
1312:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:vv. 2633â2644.
1237:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1188:
1182:Langlois (1904)
1180:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1120:Langlois (1904)
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1084:
1080:
1061:
1057:
1035:
1031:
1019:
1015:
1006:
999:Langlois (1904)
997:
990:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
925:
918:Langlois (1904)
916:
912:
904:
895:
887:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
854:
850:
840:, p. 94: "
836:
832:
809:
805:
797:
793:
785:
778:
770:vv. 1647â1664.
766:
759:
751:
744:
732:
728:
720:
716:
709:
693:
689:
681:
677:
667:
662:
661:
652:
648:
639:
635:
606:
602:
570:
566:
558:a French noble,
536:
532:
523:
519:
513:
509:
496:
492:
486:
482:
469:
465:
452:
448:
436:
432:
427:
356:
354:Arthurian cycle
330:
324:
293:
279:
265:
257:
225:
211:
181:
157:standard-bearer
142:
79:
67:
52:accusative case
17:
12:
11:
5:
2594:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2553:
2552:
2538:
2527:
2521:
2505:
2504:
2487:
2486:
2471:
2470:
2462:, ed. (1872).
2455:
2454:
2449:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2410:, ed. (1860).
2403:
2402:
2395:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2346:
2345:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2289:, ed. (1862).
2282:
2281:
2273:, ed. (1883).
2266:
2265:
2257:, ed. (1579).
2250:
2249:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2183:
2168:
2149:
2136:
2117:
2110:
2091:
2082:, ed. (1864),
2071:
2027:
2020:
1993:
1979:Löseth, Eilert
1967:
1945:
1935:Hanssen (1842)
1927:
1918:
1914:Hanssen (1842)
1906:
1904:, p. 233.
1894:
1878:
1876:, p. 228.
1866:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1828:, p. 134.
1818:
1816:, p. 296.
1806:
1784:
1761:
1749:
1733:
1731:, p. 262.
1721:
1709:
1689:
1669:
1657:
1632:
1619:
1607:
1605:, p. 169.
1603:Gautier (1872)
1595:
1583:
1571:
1546:
1539:
1516:
1500:
1498:, p. 271.
1496:Gautier (1891)
1488:
1484:Gautier (1884)
1480:Gautier (1872)
1472:
1460:
1448:
1431:
1419:
1412:Gautier (1884)
1404:
1402:, p. 210.
1392:
1380:Gautier (1872)
1372:
1347:
1338:
1310:
1290:
1283:
1259:
1257:, p. 260.
1247:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1205:, p. 259.
1195:
1185:Table des noms
1171:
1154:
1145:
1133:
1123:Table des noms
1112:
1100:
1087:Baldwin, James
1078:
1055:
1048:. New Series.
1029:
1013:
1003:Table des noms
988:
981:Enfances Ogier
977:Farrier (2019)
968:
956:
944:
932:
922:Table des noms
910:
908:, p. 252.
893:
881:
869:
857:
848:
830:
803:
791:
789:, p. 256.
776:
757:
742:
726:
724:, p. 112.
714:
707:
687:
674:
673:
672:
671:
666:
663:
660:
659:
646:
633:
600:
564:
560:Gautier (1884)
530:
517:
507:
490:
480:
463:
453:"Karaheut" in
446:
429:
428:
426:
423:
355:
352:
323:
299:(c. 1310) and
292:
289:
264:
256:
253:
210:
209:Saga I version
207:
180:
177:
141:
138:
66:
63:
54:declension of
48:Ogier the Dane
22:(also spelled
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2593:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2522:9782745312082
2518:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2460:Gautier, LĂ©on
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:9780429523922
2446:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2396:9788774212614
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2366:0-88844-262-9
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2323:9782600028196
2319:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2111:9780866980531
2107:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2021:9780815328650
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:0-19-282792-8
1960:
1955:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1916:, p. 51.
1915:
1910:
1903:
1902:Togeby (1969)
1898:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1851:
1850:Togeby (1969)
1846:
1839:
1838:Togeby (1969)
1834:
1827:
1826:Togeby (1969)
1822:
1815:
1814:Ludlow (1865)
1810:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1758:
1757:Ludlow (1865)
1753:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1730:
1729:Ludlow (1865)
1725:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1698:Gautier, LĂ©on
1693:
1685:
1684:
1683:La chevalerie
1679:
1678:Gautier, LĂ©on
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1587:
1581:, p. 91.
1580:
1579:Togeby (1969)
1575:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1542:
1540:9780198034995
1536:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1470:, p. 25.
1469:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1429:, p. 82.
1428:
1427:Togeby (1969)
1423:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1366:La chevalerie
1362:
1361:Paris, Gaston
1356:
1354:
1352:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1256:
1255:Ludlow (1865)
1251:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1215:Ludlow (1865)
1211:
1204:
1203:Ludlow (1865)
1199:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1168:
1167:Togeby (1969)
1165:"Karaheu" in
1164:
1158:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1096:
1095:La chevalerie
1092:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
986:
982:
978:
972:
965:
960:
954:, p. 51.
953:
952:Togeby (1969)
948:
941:
936:
928:
923:
919:
914:
907:
906:Ludlow (1865)
902:
900:
898:
890:
885:
878:
877:Ludlow (1865)
873:
866:
861:
852:
844:
839:
834:
826:
820:
815:
812:
807:
801:, p. 52.
800:
799:Togeby (1969)
795:
788:
787:Ludlow (1865)
783:
781:
773:
769:
764:
762:
754:
749:
747:
739:
738:Togeby (1969)
735:
734:Togeby (1969)
730:
723:
722:Togeby (1969)
718:
710:
708:9782600034784
704:
700:
699:
691:
685:, p. 17.
684:
683:Togeby (1969)
679:
675:
669:
668:
656:
650:
643:
637:
629:
624:
619:
613:
612:
604:
597:
592:
586:
585:masse d'acier
580:
579:
576:
568:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
534:
527:
521:
511:
504:
500:
494:
484:
477:
473:
467:
460:
456:
455:Ludlow (1865)
450:
443:
439:
434:
430:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
400:
395:
394:
389:
385:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:
351:
349:
345:
341:
339:
328:
320:
316:
313:
307:
302:
298:
288:
286:
277:
273:
269:
261:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
229:
224:
220:
216:
206:
204:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
174:
170:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
145:
137:
135:
134:
129:
128:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
104:
103:
97:
95:
91:
90:
83:
78:
77:
72:
62:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2546:
2536:, Munksgaard
2532:
2511:
2499:
2480:
2464:
2439:
2412:
2385:
2381:Loth, Agnete
2377:Togeby, Knud
2351:
2335:
2312:
2291:
2275:
2259:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2203:
2199:
2186:
2171:
2159:
2157:Bruce (1999)
2152:
2139:
2127:
2125:Bruce (1999)
2120:
2100:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2050:
2046:
2011:
1983:
1953:
1948:
1930:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1821:
1809:
1798:: 457â458. "
1795:
1787:
1769:
1764:
1752:
1744:
1743:vv.10010ff.
1736:
1724:
1712:
1702:
1692:
1682:
1672:
1660:
1641:Unger (1860)
1635:
1627:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1555:Unger (1860)
1549:
1529:
1525:Lindow, John
1519:
1503:
1491:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1439:
1434:
1422:
1407:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1365:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1301:
1293:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1250:
1242:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1184:
1169:, p. 51
1162:
1157:
1148:
1136:
1122:
1115:
1103:
1094:
1081:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1032:
1016:
1002:
980:
971:
959:
947:
935:
921:
913:
884:
872:
860:
851:
833:
822:, p. lxxij "
813:
806:
794:
771:
740:, p. 17
729:
717:
697:
690:
678:
655:Patent Rolls
649:
636:
603:
595:
591:bloc d'acier
567:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
525:
520:
510:
493:
483:
466:
449:
441:
437:
433:
418:
404:
398:
397:
392:
391:
387:
381:
379:
370:
361:
357:
343:
335:
333:
326:
297:decasyllabic
294:
284:
282:
271:
268:LĂ©on Gautier
248:
242:
218:
214:
212:
200:
196:
184:
182:
168:
161:
152:
148:
146:
143:
136:, c. 1200).
131:
125:
119:
115:
109:
105:
100:
98:
93:
87:
75:
70:
68:
65:Attestations
58:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
18:
2180:pp. 391â392
2164:Charlemagne
1990:(in French)
1052:(429): 535.
301:Alexandrine
226: [
80: [
71:spata curta
44:short sword
2560:Categories
2341:C. Molbech
2215:Bibliograp
2143:Bruce Cf.
1768:Godefroy,
1719:Branch II.
1021:Old French
665:References
545:here, the
272:Chevalerie
249:Chevalerie
189:Old French
140:Provenance
56:Old French
2544:(1976) .
2420:IArchiveç
2053:(1): 29,
1444:stĂĄlhaugr
1308:, p. 210.
1008:Brumadant
670:Citations
657:for 1207.
409:was the "
393:Vistamara
375:Palamedes
238:Dyrumdali
173:chivalric
121:Aspremont
2494:(1865),
2478:(1904).
2310:(1972).
2162:, s.v. "
2130:, s.v. "
1981:(1890),
1703:Chivalry
1700:(1891).
1680:(1884).
1527:(2002).
1363:(1865).
1187:, s.v. "
1163:courtois
1125:, s.v. "
1089:(1884).
1075:(6): 43.
1042:"Swords"
555:plancher
503:Calabria
476:Baligant
371:Cortaine
193:demi pié
149:enfances
36:Cortaine
24:Courtain
2206:: 56â59
2067:3714327
1245:: 109.
985:summary
819:Analyze
499:Majorca
472:Marsile
438:Cortein
419:Tristan
411:Curtana
399:Cortana
388:Tristan
380:In the
367:Tristan
362:Tristan
338:Kortone
223:Almacia
164:Saracen
32:Curtana
28:Cortana
20:Cortain
2519:
2447:
2393:
2363:
2320:
2108:
2065:
2018:
1961:
1890:p. 233
1747:: 409.
1537:
1442:s.v. "
1440:Ordbog
1335:: 265.
1281:
1005:s.v. "
924:s.v. "
774:: 69.
705:
596:perron
551:perron
547:perron
543:Renaud
526:perron
442:Corten
360:Prose
266:âFrom
185:perron
2243:Tome
2236:Tome
2063:JSTOR
1645:p. 40
1559:p. 40
578:haugr
425:Notes
348:Meaux
230:]
199:(aka
169:Short
151:) of
130:(aka
84:]
59:corte
40:Corte
2517:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2361:ISBN
2318:ISBN
2106:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1804:". "
1776:". '
1628:juif
1535:ISBN
1416:note
1279:ISBN
1161:The
703:ISBN
611:fĂłtr
575:stĂĄl
541:and
457:and
358:The
270:ed.
234:foot
219:Kurt
94:Nota
2055:doi
1514:").
975:Cf.
205:).
38:or
2562::
2498:,
2422:;
2241:,
2204:41
2202:,
2198:,
2178:,
2061:,
2051:17
2049:,
2045:,
2030:^
2010:.
1996:^
1970:^
1888:,
1647:;
1643:,
1561:;
1557:,
1508:("
1350:^
1345:""
1333:10
1331:.
1327:.
1313:^
1304:,
1273:.
1174:^
1093:.
1071:.
1067:.
1050:17
1044:.
1023::
1001:,
991:^
983:,
920:,
896:^
846:".
828:".
779:^
760:^
745:^
402:.
251:.
228:fr
191::
96:.
82:es
34:,
30:,
26:,
2525:.
2426:ïŒ
2418:ïŒ
2399:.
2369:.
2326:.
2248:.
2245:2
2238:1
2166:"
2134:"
2114:.
2057::
2024:.
1965:.
1943:.
1796:2
1745:2
1543:.
1458:.
1446:"
1287:.
1243:1
1193:"
1131:"
1073:5
930:.
772:1
711:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
