1106:, who has been president since 1993, has usurped the Congress's constitutional powers and is generally viewed as being all-powerful. The 19-member Executive Council consists entirely of presidential cronies. Eritrea's business community is composed mainly of personal associates of the regime's economic officials, fronts for top-level officials of the ruling party, and people who "enjoy the patronage of senior officers of the security and military establishments." The government "controls all foreign exchanges" and is "virtually the only legal source of imports," a situation that makes it possible for military and government officials to profit by collaborating with illegal smugglers. Similarly, the country's strict laws about importation and the inconsistency in the granting of exit visas enable customs and immigration officials to profit from bribery and money laundering. A 2014 report has described
1200:
European pressure on
Eritrea to reform its government and release detainees, yet when some of those officials proposed that the government reform in certain areas to appease Western nations that send aid to Eritrea, the president underscored the need to stand up to pressure from the "hegemonic West." Business leaders in Eritrea were reportedly "shivering with fear" over what the president's comments might signify; it was said to be unclear if the rumors signified a wave of jailing or not. Shortly after the aforementioned meeting, the president addressed the country on the 24th anniversary of Eritrean independence, denouncing "deluded and corrupt" state officials who, he charged, amassed wealth illegitimately. "Such deplorable practices of corruption and theft," said the president, "must be combated vigorously."
984:, Eritrea scored 21 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Eritrea ranked 161st among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. Eritrea's score in recent years has declined from a high of 25 in 2012 to as low as 18 in 2014-2017. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11 (ranked 180). For comparison with regional scores, the average score among sub-Saharan African countries was 33. The highest score in sub-Saharan Africa was 71 and the lowest score was 11.
1078:, scoring worse. It has been suggested that since the government maintains control over foreign exchange, friends of government personnel are allowed to bring goods into the country and sell them at great profit, thus increasing opportunities for corruption. Nonetheless, economic growth has been very strong since 2011, largely because of country's mining boom, which has placed Eritrea among the fastest growing nations on earth; but corruption has kept this new wealth from reaching as many people as it might have. At the same time, the country has also been ravaged by drought.
1699:
1087:
30:
1007:
weak private sector with few skilled workers, a situation that led the government to take steps to build a strong private sector. During the 1990s, the private sector began to flourish and the economy grew significantly, causing many observers in the West to view
Eritrea "as a beacon of Africa." The decades of war, however, had planted the seeds of many social and economic problems, corruption among them.
1132:
the world, along with
Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, the DRC, Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen. According to TI, there is a possible scheme in place of public funds earmarked for "secret" military purposes in the name of national security which are in truth appropriated illicitly. There are said to be several military-owned businesses with "unauthorised private enterprise by military personnel."
1186:. "Up to 3,000 Christians from unregistered church groups were held in detention" in 2011, according to Amnesty International. Between 2002 and 2011, many churches were closed, and tens of thousands of Christians fled the country; state-owned media have told the public that suppressed Christian groups were being paid by the
1153:
reported that since 2011, the government had earned over $ 900 million from the Bisha gold mine, but it was not known what had happened to the money. Even as the state was reportedly amassing huge mining profits, Plaut charged, poverty and hardship were worsening. "There is some evidence," he stated,
1141:
1990s also saw the privatization of some companies, and since 2000 the government has increasingly intervened in the economy and commerce and propagandized against private trade and business. These activities have involved a considerable amount of favoritism, kickbacks, and other forms of corruption.
1199:
There is reportedly no real organized effort in
Eritrea to combat corruption. The regime has been described as using a "so-called war on corruption" to crack down on political dissenters and opponents. In May 2015, the president urged a group of party and government officials to discuss American and
1131:
A 2013 report by
Transparency International UK called Eritrea the "most militarised country in Africa," with about 20% of its population in uniform. For this reason, many have called Eritrea the 'North Korea' of Africa. The army is not only large but also one of the nine most corrupt armed forces in
1006:
Eritrea was a part of
Ethiopia until 1991, when Eritreans won a civil war that had lasted for thirty years and were granted independence. After a UN-supervised referendum, in which Eritreans voted overwhelmingly for independence, Eritrea declared its independence in 1993. At that time, Eritrea had a
1140:
In 1996, Eritrea's government declared that all land would henceforth be considered the property of the state and would be re-distributed in accordance with need. It then confiscated a good deal of private land and turned it over to former soldiers, foreign investors, and resettlement programs. The
956:
stated that corruption, as of that date, was not a serious problem within
Eritrea. While noting that there had been "cases of corruption since independence," they existed on a negligible level, although politically-motivated corruption allegations have been made. But, in fact, corruption is said to
1122:
The 1997 Eritrean
Constitution calls for a judiciary that is independent from parliament. None of this has been implemented, however. Instead there is a judicial system consisting of two separate court systems: Regular Courts that adjudicate disputes based on law and Special Courts that adjudicate
1223:
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Republic of the Congo, Swaziland, Liberia,
1190:
to destabilize the government, and have actively encouraged citizens to turn in persons whom they suspect of holding prayer meetings in their homes. This mass religious persecution has provided an opportunity for extensive corruption of a specific kind on the part of ruling-party politicians and
972:
Another source stated in 2015 that over the previous decade, corruption had become ingrained in
Eritrean everyday life, with bribes required for most government services. Other alleged types of corruption include the payments of ransoms for hostages "under the eyes of the government."
1113:
An additional factor in the spread and persistence of corruption is the lack of an independent press to report on it. Eritrea has been described as "Africa's biggest prison for the media." The only news media are government-owned, and experts compare them to the Soviet media.
993:
1040:
had been "gradually restricted," with "numerous arbitrary arrests" and human-rights violations on an "alarming" scale. From 126th place on Transparency International's 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index, Eritrea dropped to 134th in 2012 and 166th in 2014.
1101:
Among the supposed factors breeding corruption in Eritrea is the intense concentration of power. The Eritrean Constitution calls for a separation of powers among the judiciary, executive, and legislative branches, but this has never been implemented.
1123:
disputes that are not based on law. The latter courts are supposed to address corruption, but are themselves considered by Amnesty International and other experts to be "one of the most corrupt and inhumane court systems" globally.
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adopted at the time of independence had not yet been implemented; the president was ruling by decree; the National Assembly had last met in 2002; opposition parties were prohibited, as were civic organizations, the
1010:
A 1998 border conflict with Ethiopia led to another war, which ended in 2000. Despite the official end of the war, warfare has continued on a lower scale. Meanwhile the regime has been accused of clamping down on
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military officials, who have arrested suspected Christians under the country's official anti-Christian policy and held them in prisons, unofficial detention centers, and military barracks in exchange for ransom.
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2145:
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Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
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has "erode the foundations" of economic development. The state's control on the economy allows for little private investment, while extremely low government salaries encourage corruption.
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countries. Indeed, it was traditionally viewed as having a "strong 'anti-corruption' culture" and considered relatively "egalitarian and corruption-free." In 2006, a report by
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Kjetil Tronvoll; Daniel Rezene Mekonnen (2014). The African Garrison State: Human Rights & Political Development in Eritrea. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 46–.
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1036:; the judiciary was inactive; the ruling party, government, and military formed "one single conglomerate of power" with "a low level of transparency." Since 2001,
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1431:"CPI 2023 for Sub-Saharan Africa: Impunity for Corrupt Officials, Restricted Civic Space & Limited Access to Justice"
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is considered a deeply serious and growing problem. The level of corruption used to be considerably lower in
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1066:'s Ease of Doing Business Project Index for 2011 ranked Eritrea at 180th, with only three countries,
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have been factors in increased corruption. As of 2006, Eritrea had not yet held free elections; the
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have been growing steadily worse ever since 1998, when, not long after the end of its decades-long
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and for doing business generally, partly because it has caused rising corruption. The 2012
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The increase in state ownership in Eritrea has been critiqued as a step back for
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Eritrea is one of the few nations that has neither ratified nor signed the
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1634:
1381:"The ABCs of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is calculated"
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other than those belonging to the three recognized denominations: the
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1363:"Isaias Of Eritrea Threatens Corrupt Government Functionaries"
1493:
Palmer, Vernon Valentine; Mattar, Mohamed Y. (22 July 2016).
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Eritrea, as of 2011, was one of 8 nations considered to be
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1555:"Eritrea: Corruption, Paranoia and Religious Persecution"
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992:
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1526:. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013.
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1406:"Corruption Perceptions Index 2023: Eritrea"
1205:United Nations Convention against Corruption
1157:
1094:meets with former U.S. Secretary of Defense
1058:, named Eritrea the second-worst country in
153:United Nations Convention against Corruption
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2071:
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1288:"President Isaias Warns Corrupt Officials"
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1253:ISO 37001 Anti-bribery management systems
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1520:"Eritrea in Critical Defense Corruption"
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1184:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea
1170:owing to the abuse and persecution of
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138:Group of States Against Corruption
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1248:International Anti-Corruption Day
1176:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
148:International Anti-Corruption Day
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1459:"Eritrea's missing $ 1 billion"
1164:Countries of Particular Concern
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1518:Yacob, Betre (Aug 15, 2013).
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1536:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1158:Persecution of Christians
1051:Index of Economic Freedom
961:, a border conflict with
2535:Social issues in Eritrea
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1180:Eritrean Catholic Church
1108:institutional corruption
1072:Central African Republic
1340:"Corruption in Eritrea"
1195:Anti-corruption efforts
1056:The Heritage Foundation
55:Economics of corruption
1820:International rankings
1660:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
1098:
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575:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2530:Government of Eritrea
2515:Corruption by country
2490:Corruption in Eritrea
2306:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2166:Republic of the Congo
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995:
942:Corruption in Eritrea
161:Corruption by country
110:State-corporate crime
90:Pyrrhic defeat theory
2495:Corruption in Africa
2093:Corruption in Africa
1559:In Chains for Christ
1317:Bertelsmann Stiftung
1034:freedom of the press
954:Bertelsmann Stiftung
22:Political corruption
2510:Politics of Eritrea
2381:States with limited
1655:War of Independence
1168:US State Department
1090:Eritrean President
999:'s location on the
959:war of independence
948:than in many other
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2500:Society of Eritrea
1891:Telecommunications
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1060:sub-Saharan Africa
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70:Influence peddling
37:Forms and concepts
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2019:
2007:List of Eritreans
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1481:978-1-84701-069-8
1030:right to assemble
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1561:. Oct 20, 2011.
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1297:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1196:
1193:
1159:
1156:
1149:In July 2013,
1146:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1104:Isaias Afwerki
1092:Isaias Afwerki
1083:
1080:
989:
986:
937:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
883:
882:
878:
877:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
822:
821:
817:
816:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
781:
780:
776:
775:
774:
773:
768:
763:
755:
754:
750:
749:
748:
747:
745:United Kingdom
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
590:Czech Republic
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
554:
553:
549:
548:
547:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
172:
171:
163:
162:
158:
157:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
127:
126:
120:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
39:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2547:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Guinea-Bissau
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Ethnic groups
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1497:. Routledge.
1496:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1166:(CPC) by the
1165:
1155:
1152:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:Guinea Bissau
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1002:
998:
994:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
932:
927:
925:
920:
918:
913:
912:
910:
909:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
885:
884:
880:
879:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
823:
820:South America
819:
818:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:
778:
777:
772:
771:United States
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:
753:North America
752:
751:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
551:
550:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
344:
340:
339:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
233:Guinea-Bissau
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
164:
160:
159:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
125:
122:
121:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
105:State capture
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
66:
65:Elite capture
63:
61:
58:
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:
42:
41:
40:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
23:
20:
19:
16:
2456:Saint Helena
2427:
2331:South Africa
2321:Sierra Leone
2185:
2126:Burkina Faso
1979:Demographics
1830:Conscription
1808:Human rights
1781:Constitution
1645:World War II
1558:
1523:
1513:
1494:
1488:
1471:
1463:Martin Plaut
1462:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1409:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1384:
1375:
1366:
1343:
1316:
1291:
1219:
1202:
1198:
1161:
1151:Martin Plaut
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1100:
1049:
1043:
1025:Constitution
1017:human rights
1009:
1005:
975:
971:
941:
940:
529:Turkmenistan
298:South Africa
288:Sierra Leone
217:
15:
2383:recognition
2336:South Sudan
2226:Ivory Coast
1868:Agriculture
1730:Earthquakes
1687:Involvement
1635:Medri Bahri
1440:25 February
1415:25 February
1390:25 February
1021:free market
1013:free speech
967:another war
894:New Zealand
797:El Salvador
787:Costa Rica
735:Switzerland
670:Netherlands
499:South Korea
489:Philippines
479:North Korea
349:Afghanistan
303:South Sudan
80:Mafia state
75:Kleptocracy
2484:Categories
2438:(Portugal)
2396:Somaliland
2316:Seychelles
2281:Mozambique
2266:Mauritania
2251:Madagascar
2206:The Gambia
2141:Cape Verde
1942:Literature
1885:(currency)
1796:Government
1682:Tigray War
1650:Civil wars
1292:Tesfa News
1269:References
1182:, and the
1172:Christians
1064:World Bank
1019:, and the
988:Background
665:Montenegro
655:Luxembourg
534:Uzbekistan
514:Tajikistan
454:Kazakhstan
449:Kyrgyzstan
399:East Timor
369:Bangladesh
359:Azerbaijan
95:Slush fund
2271:Mauritius
2002:Languages
1987:Education
1901:Transport
1873:Companies
1842:President
1786:Elections
1740:Provinces
1735:Mountains
1725:Districts
1708:Geography
1313:"Eritrea"
1118:Judiciary
889:Australia
873:Venezuela
828:Argentina
812:Nicaragua
650:Lithuania
504:Sri Lanka
494:Singapore
414:Indonesia
258:Mauritius
2462: /
2458: /
2451:(France)
2445: /
2423: /
2419: /
2371:Zimbabwe
2346:Tanzania
2196:Ethiopia
2191:Eswatini
2171:Djibouti
2136:Cameroon
2121:Botswana
2047:Category
2012:Religion
1967:Olympics
1825:Military
1769:Politics
1755:Wildlife
1609:articles
1532:cite web
1232:See also
1127:Military
980:'s 2023
963:Ethiopia
858:Paraguay
848:Colombia
807:Honduras
720:Slovenia
715:Slovakia
695:Portugal
580:Bulgaria
519:Thailand
484:Pakistan
464:Malaysia
384:Cambodia
333:Zimbabwe
313:Tanzania
223:Ethiopia
188:Cameroon
183:Botswana
115:Throffer
85:Nepotism
50:Cronyism
2447:RĂ©union
2443:Mayotte
2434:Madeira
2429:(Spain)
2425:Melilla
2356:Tunisia
2326:Somalia
2311:Senegal
2296:Nigeria
2286:Namibia
2276:Morocco
2241:Liberia
2236:Lesotho
2186:Eritrea
2156:Comoros
2131:Burundi
2106:Algeria
2031:Outline
1927:Cuisine
1915:Culture
1896:Tourism
1856:Economy
1801:Cabinet
1745:Regions
1617:History
1605:Eritrea
1082:Factors
1001:Red Sea
997:Eritrea
965:led to
950:African
946:Eritrea
881:Oceania
868:Uruguay
853:Ecuador
833:Bolivia
740:Ukraine
700:Romania
660:Moldova
630:Ireland
625:Iceland
620:Hungary
610:Germany
600:Finland
595:Denmark
585:Croatia
570:Belgium
565:Austria
560:Albania
539:Vietnam
469:Myanmar
459:Lebanon
404:Georgia
364:Bahrain
354:Armenia
318:Tunisia
293:Somalia
283:Senegal
278:Nigeria
268:Namibia
263:Morocco
248:Liberia
243:Lesotho
218:Eritrea
198:Comoros
45:Bribery
2466:
2449:
2436:
2366:Zambia
2361:Uganda
2301:Rwanda
2256:Malawi
2216:Guinea
2111:Angola
2052:Portal
1997:Health
1883:Nakfa
1878:Energy
1750:Rivers
1720:Cities
1607:
1501:
1479:
1178:, the
1074:, and
1032:, and
838:Brazil
766:Mexico
761:Canada
730:Sweden
710:Serbia
705:Russia
690:Poland
685:Norway
645:Latvia
640:Kosovo
615:Greece
605:France
552:Europe
524:Turkey
444:Kuwait
439:Jordan
429:Israel
394:Cyprus
379:Brunei
374:Bhutan
328:Zambia
323:Uganda
253:Malawi
178:Angola
170:Africa
100:Simony
2421:Ceuta
2341:Sudan
2291:Niger
2246:Libya
2231:Kenya
2211:Ghana
2201:Gabon
2176:Egypt
2116:Benin
2038:Index
1962:Sport
1952:Music
1947:Media
1524:ECADF
1367:Awate
1211:Notes
843:Chile
802:Haiti
725:Spain
635:Italy
544:Yemen
509:Syria
474:Nepal
434:Japan
409:India
389:China
308:Sudan
273:Niger
238:Kenya
228:Ghana
208:Egypt
2351:Togo
2261:Mali
2151:Chad
1932:Flag
1813:LGBT
1538:link
1499:ISBN
1477:ISBN
1442:2024
1417:2024
1392:2024
1076:Chad
863:Peru
792:Cuba
424:Iraq
419:Iran
341:Asia
193:Chad
1188:CIA
976:On
2486::
1557:.
1546:^
1534:}}
1530:{{
1522:.
1461:.
1450:^
1433:.
1408:.
1383:.
1365:.
1352:^
1342:.
1325:^
1315:.
1300:^
1290:.
1277:^
1207:.
1070:,
969:.
2086:e
2079:t
2072:v
1597:e
1590:t
1583:v
1540:)
1507:.
1483:.
1444:.
1419:.
1394:.
1346:.
1319:.
930:e
923:t
916:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
