202:
2173:
188:
660:
713:
699:
1640:
1100:
233:
646:
1257:
1527:
223:
685:
1765:, representatives of the crown, which supervised the city councils. In religion, they reformed religious orders and sought unity of the various sections of the church. They pressured Jews to convert to Catholicism, in some cases persecuted by the Inquisition. Finally in 1492, the monarchs decided that those who would not convert would be expelled. It is estimated that between 50,000 and 70,000 people were expelled from Castile. From 1502 onwards, they began to convert the Muslim population.
1714:
5445:
2181:
5435:
2081:
243:
632:
43:
2165:
5455:
1726:. Despite their titles of "Monarchs of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Sicily" Ferdinand and Isabella reigned over their respective territories, although they also took decisions together. Its central position, larger territorial area (three times greater than that of Aragon) and larger population (4.3 million as opposed to the 1 million in Aragon) led to Castile becoming the dominating partner in the union.
1883:
1381:
2008:, many members were bribed and others denied entry, with the result that the subsidy was approved. Those members who voted in favour were attacked by the Castilian people and their houses were burned. Parliament was not the only opposition which Charles would come up against. When he left Castile in 1520, the
2921:
Mas que con los Reyes Católicos (a finales del siglo XV), como todavia suele repetirse, es a partir de Felipe V (a principios del sigo XVIII) cuando podemos comenzar a considerar España como un Estado auténticamente unificado o, mejor, unitario: es a partir de entonces cuando podemos empezar a hablar
2879:
Louis XIV accepted on behald of his grandson, who succeeded as Philip V on condition that the Crowns of France and Spain should never be united. (...) This provoked the great War of the
Spanish Succession. (...) Barcelona fell in 1714 and the Aragonese privileges were abolished. Spain had become one
2486:
In the viceroyalties the viceroy, whose term etymologically means "in the place of the king", concentrated all public power. They were freely appointed and removed by the
Monarch, when the sovereign wanted he/she could remove the viceroy from the office. In New Spain and Peru they played the role of
2017:
were defeated one year later (1521). After their defeat, Parliament was reduced to a merely consultative body. To prevent Joanna from being proposed to be an alternative monarch by opponents again, Charles continued her confinement until her death in 1555, after which
Charles became the only monarch
1841:
in the case that Joanna "didn't want to or couldn't fulfil her duties". In the 'Salamanca
Agreement' of 1505, it was decided that the government would be shared by Philip I, Ferdinand V and Joanna. However, poor relations between Phillip, who was supported by the Castilian nobility, and Ferdinand
1853:
in 1506 King
Ferdinand the Catholic renounced not only the government of Castile in favour of his son-in-law Philip I of Castile but also the lordship of the Indies, withholding a half of the income of the kingdoms of the Indies. Joanna of Castile and Philip immediately added to their titles the
1721:
After
Isabella's victory in the civil war and Ferdinand's ascension to the Aragonese throne the two crowns were united under the same monarchs. However, this was a personal union and both kingdoms remained administratively separate to some extent, each maintaining largely its own laws; both
1995:
came through
Castile which was one of the more dynamic, rich, and advanced territories in Europe in the 16th century. It started to realise that it could become immersed within an empire. This, added to the broken promise of Charles, only increased hostility towards the king. In 1520 in
928:. The Kingdom of Castile appeared initially as a county of the Kingdom of León. From the second half of the 10th century to the first half of the 11th century it changed hands between León and the Kingdom of Navarre. In the 11th century, it became a kingdom in its own right.
2670:
The new kingdom of
Castile had roughly tripled in size to some 335,000 square kilometers by 1300 but, at the same time, its population had increased by the same factor, from one to three millions, so that the average density remained steady at about 8.5 persons per square
1312:
Some scholars think that the substitution of
Castilian for Latin was due to the strength of the new language, whereas others consider that it was due to the influence of Hebrew-speaking intellectuals who were hostile towards Latin, the language of the Christian Church.
1457:, restoring Pedro's control of the kingdom. The Black Prince, seeing that the king would not reimburse his expenses, left Castile. Henry, who had fled to France, took advantage of the opportunity and recommenced the fight. Henry finally was victorious in 1369 in the
2012:
broke out, and the revolts released Joanna, claiming to support her to be the sole monarch and encouraging her to agree the dethronement of
Charles. While sympathetic to revolts, Joanna however refused to sign any documents to support them or depose her son.
1122:
Almost immediately after the union of the two kingdoms under Ferdinand III, the parliaments of Castile and León were united. It was divided into three estates, which corresponded with the nobility, the church and the cities, and included representation from
2123:, the creation of a new army of 140,000 reservists. Every territory within the kingdom contributed citizens proportionally in order to maintain the force. His aims of union did not work and the Spanish Crown continued as a confederation of kingdoms.
2044:
In fact, since the reign of Charles I the financial burden of the empire had fallen mainly on Castile, but under Philip II the cost quadrupled. During his reign, as well as increasing existing taxes he created some new ones, among them the
1812:
on the north coast of North Africa. After Castile's conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, its politics turned towards the Mediterranean, and Castile militarily helped Aragon in its problems with France, culminating in the reconquest of
1407:
and town councils' interests. A substantial transfer from the royal patrimony to the nobles ensued upon the prevail of the Trastámaras in the conflict. Likewise, the resulting dynastic change ran parallel to a radicalization of the
1702:, under which Isabella would ascend to the Castilian throne on his death only if her suitor was approved by him. Henry wanted to ally Castile with Portugal or France rather than Aragon. He therefore decided to name his daughter
1569:, the most influential person in court and allied with the lesser nobility, the cities, the clergy, and the Jews. This brought together the mutual dislikes of the king shared by the greater Castilian nobility and the Aragonese
1682:. Consequently, Ferdinand's father forged a papal dispensation for the two to marry. Isabella believed that the dispensation was authentic and the marriage went ahead. A genuine papal dispensation arrived afterwards. Later
1745:(the Holy Brotherhood), which was staffed and funded by the municipalities. They also took further measures against the nobility, destroying feudal castles, prohibiting private wars and reducing the power of the
1979:
Jean de Sauvage as its president. This caused angry protests in the parliament, which rejected the presence of foreigners in its deliberations. Despite threats, the parliament led by Juan de Zumel representing
1735:(Reconquest) the Castilian aristocracy had become very powerful. The monarchs needed to assert their authority over the nobility and the clergy. With this end in mind they founded a law enforcement body, the
1854:
kingdoms of Indies, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea. Phillip died and Ferdinand returned in 1507 once again to be regent for Joanna. Her isolated confinement-imprisonment in the Santa Clara Convent at
1959:
citizens and had used Castilian money to fund his court. The Castilian nobility and the cities were on the verge of an uprising to defend their rights. Many Castilians favoured the king's younger brother
1222:"). Subsequent Cortes were celebrated separately, for example in 1301 that of Castile in Burgos and that of León in Zamora, but the representatives demanded that the parliaments be reunited from then on.
2053:; an act whereby all Moriscos had to abandon all Moorish traditions and become true Catholics. This edict limited religious, linguistic and cultural freedom of the Morisco population and provoked the
1400:
entailed a struggle of competing factions, with the former party being favoured by the Castilian nobility (and, to a lesser extent, the Clergy), whereas the latter party lied on the side of Jews',
1991:
Charles was conscious of the fact that he had options to become emperor and needed to impose his authority over Castile to gain access to its riches for his imperial goals. The riches from the
1031:
son of Ferdinand II in 1230. From then on the two kingdoms were united under the name of the Kingdom of León and Castile, or simply as the Crown of Castile. Ferdinand III later conquered the
1678:. Ferdinand and Isabella were related and had married without papal approval. Although Isabella wanted to marry Ferdinand, she refused to proceed with the marriage until she received a
2126:
Luis Méndez de Haro took over from Olivares as favourite Philip IV between 1659 and 1665. This was in order to alleviate interior conflicts sparked off by his predecessor (revolts in
2909:
2867:
2145:
to govern, Spain suffered an economic slowdown and battles for power between the different 'favourites'. The death of Charles II in 1700 without descendants provoked the
813:, Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea were also a part of the Crown of Castile when transformed from lordships to kingdoms of the heirs of Castile in 1506, with the
1472:, Peter's daughter. In 1386, he claimed the Crown of Castile in the name of his wife, the legitimate heir according to the Cortes de Seville of 1361. He arrived in
4898:
2088:
In the previous kingdoms, positions in national institutions were filled by educated gentlemen. Philip II's administrators would normally come from either the
5264:
3225:
2100:
the nobility once again asserted their right to govern the country. In order to show that there was a new order ruling there was a cleansing of the blood of
1248:(1348) and the Leyes de Toro (1505). These laws continued to be in force until 1889, when a new Spanish civil code, the Código Civil Español, was enacted.
5526:
5400:
2526:
2742:
Díaz Ibáñez, Jorge (2019). "Iglesia, nobleza y poderes urbanos en la corona de Castilla durante la baja Edad Media. Una aproximación historiográfica".
2064:
Castile entered a phase of recession in 1575; Spain as a whole followed, which provoked the suspension of wages (the third of his reign). In 1590 the
1280:. But, as the century progressed, Castilian gained increasing prominence as the language of culture and communication – one example of this is the
201:
1538:
royal power was restored, overshadowing the much powerful Castilian nobility. In his later years Henry delegated some of his power to his brother
4913:
3725:
1043:, further extending the area of the Crown of Castile. Given this, the kings of the Crown of Castile traditionally styled themselves "King of
962:. From 1111 until 1126 Galicia was separate from the union under Alfonso VII. In 1157 the kingdoms were divided between Alfonso's sons, with
891:
did not formally abolish the Crown of Castile, the country (of Castile and Aragon) was called "Spain" by both contemporaries and historians.
1761:
into the supreme judicial bodies. The crown also sought to better control the cities, and so in 1480 in the Cortes of Toledo it created the
758:
that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of
4990:
1984:, resisted and forced the king to respect the laws of Castile, remove all foreigners from important governmental posts, and learn to speak
2893:
2657:
1233:
of the municipal councils of Castile, León, Extremadura and Andalucía-a unified legal code for the entire new kingdom was created in the
2112:
2971:
5536:
887:, supporters of their enemies. This unified the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile into the kingdom of Spain. Even though the
1905:
received the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon and the empire through a combination of dynastic marriages and premature deaths:
1619:
The King, besieged by riots and the demands of the nobles, had to sign a treaty in which he named as his successor his half-brother
2851:
5472:
1214:
of both kingdoms were held jointly. The Cortes of 1258 in Valladolid comprised representatives of Castile, Extremadura and León ("
1620:
2436:
2319:
Kingdom of Mexico/Reino de México (administered by the Royal Audience of Mexico, presided directly by the Vice-roy of New Spain)
1604:
unsuccessfully tried to re-establish the peace with the nobility that his father, John II, had shattered. When his second wife,
1580:
5541:
107:
1674:
in 1479 when Ferdinand ascended to the Aragonese throne. This union however was not effective until the reign of his grandson
1305:
that it became the official language. Henceforth all public documents were written in Castilian, likewise all translations of
4868:
4678:
4060:
2756:
2271:
1928:, his grandfather, in 1516 he gained the rule of Aragon and Castile (with the Americas), in co-regency title with his mother
1140:
79:
2473:
2469:
5521:
3186:
2376:
1801:
1465:
822:
187:
4584:
1710:
broke out over who would ascend to the throne. It lasted until 1479 when Isabella and her supporters came out victorious.
5531:
5324:
5299:
5239:
1862:
1435:
826:
512:
1345:
Furthermore, in the 13th century many universities were founded where instruction was in Castilian, such as the Leonese
86:
5415:
4730:
3730:
2903:
2861:
2651:
2394:
1623:, leaving Infanta Joanna out of the line of succession. After the death of Alfonso in an accident, Henry IV signed the
17:
2072:; a new tax on food. This exhausted Castilian cities and hindered the economy. In 1596, pay was once again suspended.
1849:
of 1506, Ferdinand returned to Aragon and Phillip was recognized as King of Castile, with Joanna a co-monarch. In the
5458:
5420:
4950:
3374:
2692:
1751:(a governor-like military office in regions recently conquered). The monarchy incorporated military orders under the
1562:
1322:
126:
60:
1225:
Although the individual kingdoms and cities initially retained their individual historical rights-including the Old
948:
2388:
2009:
1936:
1579:, who sought to control the Castilian crown. This eventually led to war in 1429 and 1430 between the two kingdoms.
692:
93:
4918:
4356:
2477:
1961:
1707:
1699:
1624:
1596:
830:
3518:
2400:
1115:
5284:
5224:
5196:
4955:
2964:
2743:
2328:
2111:
Faced with the collapse of the Exchequer, in order to maintain the hegemony of Philip IV's Spanish Empire, the
64:
1446:, among them the above-mentioned Henry, who disputed Peter's right to the throne once the latter became king.
5370:
5201:
4794:
2146:
1944:
1675:
876:
525:
75:
1833:(nicknamed 'Philip the Handsome'). But Isabella knew of her daughter's possible mental health incapacities (
4789:
4673:
1469:
5516:
5511:
5380:
4799:
3836:
3326:
2745:
Iglesia, nobleza y poderes urbanos en los reinos cristianos de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Media
1007:. However, these western Basque territories saw their Navarrese charters confirmed under Castilian rule.
2346:
1951:
Charles I was not well received in Castile. This was partly because he was a foreign-born king (born in
1048:
5375:
5365:
5329:
5171:
5073:
3336:
3331:
3306:
3291:
2716:
2521:
2463:
2457:
1110:
392:
2922:
con propiedad de un rey de España o de una Corona de España y, consecuentemente de un Reino de España.
1932:. He maintained her confinement-imprisonment, so she was Queen of Aragon and of Castile in title only.
5098:
4861:
4757:
3905:
3469:
3311:
3296:
3201:
2957:
2426:
2382:
2172:
2105:
1842:
resulted in Ferdinand renouncing his regent's powers in Castile in order to avoid an armed conflict.
2442:
Kingdom of Quito or Presidency of Quito/Reino de Quito or Presidencia de Quito (administered by the
1264:
In the 13th century there were many languages spoken in the Kingdoms of León and Castile among them
1245:
5349:
4715:
4690:
4540:
4199:
4194:
3321:
2980:
2788:
2621:
2443:
2334:
2313:
1643:
1450:
1354:
1290:
1020:
1010:
771:
767:
452:
411:
1850:
1561:
Upon the death of his mother, John II at the age of 14, took to the throne and married his cousin
814:
5053:
5023:
4782:
4663:
4204:
4157:
4100:
3799:
3743:
3491:
3341:
2450:
2093:
1346:
980:
53:
3083:
2089:
1449:
In the resulting struggle, in which both brothers claimed to be king, Pedro allied himself with
963:
5410:
5166:
4940:
4804:
4705:
4700:
4388:
4336:
4256:
4189:
4093:
4078:
3971:
3738:
3692:
3533:
3420:
3286:
2432:
2001:
1925:
1655:
1543:
1503:
1477:
959:
428:
307:
2641:
2487:
sovereign, but in reality they only obeyed the orders of the Monarch of the Crown of Castile.
2340:
1698:, half brother of Isabella, considered the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella as breaking the
1613:
1511:
1368:
over the following three centuries. In time, Castile would become a leading export market for
936:
207:
100:
5229:
5121:
5078:
4735:
4695:
4508:
4383:
3447:
3437:
3396:
3367:
3230:
2800:
2370:
2296:
1651:
1628:
1539:
1431:
1416:
1024:
967:
940:
424:
4623:
3078:
2253:
1817:
for the Crown of Aragon in 1504. Later that same year, Queen Isabella died, on November 26.
1028:
5448:
5390:
5186:
5093:
5063:
5048:
4854:
4828:
4658:
4628:
4503:
4434:
4405:
4324:
3658:
3496:
3486:
3023:
2029:
continued the politics of Charles I, but unlike his father he made Castile the core of the
1797:
1703:
1609:
1535:
1499:
1302:
1207:
944:
888:
880:
802:
791:
538:
4608:
3101:
1639:
8:
5334:
5314:
5294:
5259:
5191:
5103:
4970:
4520:
4400:
4366:
4268:
4088:
4083:
3895:
3614:
3550:
3425:
3410:
3276:
3257:
3206:
3197:
3151:
3113:
3089:
2496:
2419:
2194:
2142:
2097:
1910:
1830:
1723:
1695:
1601:
1551:
1427:
1393:
1389:
1277:
1136:
1099:
1032:
925:
834:
499:
456:
4236:
4226:
2501:
2119:(valido) from 1621 to 1643, tried to introduce a series of reforms. Among these was the
1510:
was created for Henry and Catherine. This ended the dynastic conflict, strengthened the
1454:
1080:
1044:
600:
232:
5438:
5274:
5249:
5151:
5028:
4980:
4975:
4965:
4903:
4633:
4613:
4596:
4547:
4412:
4221:
4172:
4105:
4023:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3910:
3880:
3772:
3670:
3538:
3513:
3301:
3252:
3215:
3210:
3172:
3160:
3119:
3035:
3011:
2832:
2708:
2516:
2506:
2277:
2265:
2218:
2212:
2037:. The other Spanish regions maintained certain degree of autonomy, being governed by a
2026:
1965:
1940:
1902:
1866:
1679:
1547:
1507:
1397:
1327:
1200:
1132:
1124:
1104:
1084:
984:
914:
759:
736:
665:
637:
469:
312:
28:
3155:
2511:
2466:/Capitanía General de Chile (unofficially referred as Kingdom of Chile/Reino de Chile)
2259:
2200:
1128:
910:
763:
651:
473:
5434:
5176:
5146:
5136:
5126:
5043:
5033:
5018:
4885:
4742:
4638:
4574:
4569:
4498:
4395:
4110:
4038:
4033:
3875:
3804:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3577:
3528:
3243:
3220:
3165:
3107:
3095:
3073:
3040:
2994:
2899:
2857:
2836:
2824:
2752:
2688:
2647:
2553:
2352:
2247:
2241:
1929:
1826:
1688:
1683:
1659:
1489:
1458:
1443:
1317:
1282:
1148:
1083:", among other possessions they later gained. The heir to the throne has been titled
1036:
955:
872:
795:
783:
755:
486:
356:
348:
317:
302:
2891:
1566:
1298:
1068:
5395:
5344:
5339:
5279:
5244:
5113:
5083:
5005:
4923:
4893:
4591:
4378:
4373:
4329:
4316:
4246:
4214:
4209:
4073:
4068:
4050:
4011:
3944:
3927:
3868:
3858:
3853:
3794:
3750:
3720:
3680:
3663:
3646:
3609:
3360:
3239:
3193:
2814:
2804:
2561:
2545:
1985:
1605:
1423:
1269:
1265:
1211:
1144:
442:
371:
327:
284:
168:
1453:, "the Black Prince". In 1367, the Black Prince defeated Henry II's allies at the
1360:
In the 13th century, emerging groups of local grazers coalesced into the powerful
1000:
5405:
5319:
5289:
5013:
4930:
4809:
4777:
4650:
4618:
4601:
4557:
4552:
4530:
4525:
4483:
4476:
4451:
4311:
4306:
4147:
4028:
3922:
3917:
3885:
3710:
3700:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3567:
3523:
3405:
3391:
3281:
3247:
2569:
2364:
2131:
2058:
1895:
1755:
in 1495, reinforced royal judicial power over the feudal one and transformed the
1671:
1631:
in which he named her heiress in return for her marrying a prince chosen by him.
1555:
1294:
1273:
1056:
1004:
884:
865:
779:
732:
297:
193:
4231:
1955:), and even before his arrival in Castile he had granted important positions to
1858:, to last over forty years until death, began with her father's orders in 1510.
1256:
1172:
1011:
Crown of Castile from the rule of Ferdinand III until the ascension of Charles I
837:
all helped shape the Crown of Castile into a global empire in the 16th Century.
5309:
5254:
5208:
5161:
5141:
4985:
4908:
4752:
4747:
4710:
4685:
4668:
4579:
4564:
4535:
4493:
4341:
4301:
4296:
4251:
4177:
4137:
4127:
4117:
3932:
3811:
3705:
3572:
3454:
3316:
2577:
2290:
2153:
2054:
2030:
1769:
1757:
1234:
841:
775:
678:
322:
154:
2938:
2152:
After the war, all the territories were unified as a single country under the
1064:
5505:
5487:
5474:
5068:
4833:
4720:
4515:
4488:
4461:
4439:
4417:
4184:
4167:
4152:
3996:
3949:
3937:
3863:
3755:
3629:
3624:
3599:
3481:
2828:
2322:
1997:
1526:
1521:
1339:
1180:
1164:
1160:
1052:
1027:
granddaughter of Sancho III in 1217, and the Kingdom of León from his father
818:
222:
4261:
4241:
2609:(in Spanish). Curpo facultativo de archiveros, bibliotecarios y arqueologos.
2331:
or Kingdom of Guatemala/Capitanía General de Guatemala or Reino de Guatemala
2159:
5234:
5131:
4935:
4725:
4466:
4456:
4422:
4351:
4346:
4273:
4063:
4045:
4006:
4001:
3981:
3976:
3848:
3841:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3715:
3653:
3634:
3619:
3555:
2949:
1773:
1409:
1335:
1184:
787:
595:
247:
The Crown of Castile after the incorporation of the kingdoms of the Indies.
1706:
as heiress to the throne rather than Isabella I. When he died in 1474 the
1309:
legal and government documents were made into Castilian instead of Latin.
1218:") and those of Seville in 1261 of Castile, León and all other kingdoms ("
5385:
5088:
4995:
4877:
4444:
4429:
4278:
3991:
3900:
3890:
3816:
3464:
3459:
3139:
2358:
2236:
1918:
1914:
1855:
1731:
1380:
992:
810:
2809:
2425:
Province of Tierra Firme/Provincia de Tierra Firme (administered by the
2005:
1722:
parliaments remained separate, the only common institution would be the
1713:
1612:, it was claimed that she was the result of an affair of the Queen with
1473:
4960:
4846:
4471:
4288:
4162:
4122:
4055:
3060:
2819:
1988:. After taking his oath, Charles received a subsidy of 600,000 ducats.
1972:
1747:
1670:. The consequence was a dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the
1667:
1481:
1365:
1293:, Castilian began to be used for some important documents, such as the
1188:
1040:
861:
270:
2856:(2, revised, illustrated, reprint ed.), Routledge, p. 1161,
2180:
5269:
5038:
4361:
4132:
4016:
3986:
3767:
3641:
3432:
3006:
2135:
2116:
2080:
1825:
Upon Queen Isabella I's death 1504, the crown passed to her daughter
1805:
1741:
1576:
1402:
1176:
1151:
permanently set those that would be allowed to send representatives (
857:
817:, and upon the death of Ferdinand the Catholic. The discovery of the
706:
242:
2751:. Murcia: Sociedad Española de Estudios Medievales. pp. 38–39.
1634:
42:
5304:
5181:
5058:
3762:
3545:
3503:
3442:
2224:
2206:
2164:
2127:
1992:
1976:
1956:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1331:
996:
849:
845:
806:
381:
2230:
2000:
Parliament rejected a further subsidy for the king. Parliament in
1442:
Peter. However, the King also had many illegitimate children with
988:
844:
during the 16th and 17th centuries. Charles I was King of Aragon,
4945:
3675:
3604:
3560:
3415:
2892:
Vicent de Melchor; Albert Branchadell; Vicent de Melchor (2002),
2038:
1809:
1785:
1571:
1515:
1168:
1072:
366:
3476:
2141:
Upon the death of Philip IV in 1665, and with the incapacity of
2004:
reached the same decision. Finally, when Parliament was held in
1015:
3508:
3383:
3030:
2049:
in 1567. That same year Philip ordered the proclamation of the
2034:
1981:
1838:
1814:
1768:
Between 1478 and 1497 the monarchs' forces conquered the three
1492:, Henry II's son, to give up the throne in favor of Constance.
1306:
1226:
1196:
1156:
1076:
1060:
853:
751:
264:
2456:
Province of Charcas/Provincia de Charcas (administered by the
1297:, the basis of the legal code for Christians living in Muslim
4142:
3018:
2770:
2768:
2409:
2303:
2101:
1952:
1361:
1338:. Because of Castilian's importance in the land ruled by the
1192:
385:
2626:(in Spanish). Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suárez.
1882:
1717:
Columbus and the Catholic Monarchs (The return of Columbus)
1485:
1476:
with an army and took the city. He then moved on to occupy
1369:
1220:
de Castiella e de León e de todos los otros nuestros Regnos
3352:
2765:
1522:
Relations with the Crown of Aragon during the 14th century
939:. Upon his death his kingdoms passed to his sons, León to
2160:
Spanish territorial divisions within the Crown of Castile
1939:, his paternal grandfather, in 1519, Charles was elected
1872:
1090:
34:
Former country in the Iberian Peninsula from 1230 to 1715
2723:
1330:
was published. Castilian was eventually carried to the
1229:
of Castile (Viejo Fuero de Castilla) and the different
1023:
received the Kingdom of Castile from his mother, Queen
774:. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the
2476:/Gobernácion del Río de la Plata (administered by the
1375:
840:
The title of "King of Castile" remained in use by the
1835:
and so nicknamed 'Juana la Loca' or 'Joanna the Mad'
1800:
maritime expedition claimed the newly found lands in
1434:(between England and France). Alfonso XI had married
1430:, Count of Trastámara, which became entangled in the
1357:, which were among the first universities in Europe.
1251:
2849:
1565:. The young king entrusted his government to regent
1143:. Initially the number of cities represented in the
931:The two kingdoms had been united twice previously:
2789:"Los judíos de Castilla ante el cambio de dinastía"
2449:Kingdom of Peru/Reino de Peru (administered by the
1530:
Castilian territory at the end of the 14th century.
954:From 1072 until 1157 under Alfonso VI (died 1109),
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2786:
2104:. Religious persecution led Philip to declare the
1554:in 1412, Ferdinand left Castile to become King of
1419:a dynastic conflict started between his sons, the
868:, as well as King of Castile and León, 1516–1556.
2898:, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona, pp. 106–107,
2021:
1635:Catholic Monarchs: Union with the Crown of Aragon
1216:de Castiella e de Estremadura e de tierra de León
1203:(with Granada added after its conquest in 1492).
904:
809:were major events in the history of Castile. The
5503:
2623:Manual elemental de gramática histórica española
2527:Chief of the King's Guard (Portugal and Castile)
1968:opposed the idea of Charles as King of Castile.
1943:as a consequence of which he is better-known as
1590:
974:
2939:"Castile. Titles of European hereditary rulers"
2895:El catalán: Una lengua de Europa para compartir
1820:
766:upon the accession of the then Castilian king,
2619:
2604:
1869:south of the Pyrenees was annexed to Castile.
4862:
3368:
2965:
2435:/Nuevo Reino de Granada (administered by the
1495:John declined but proposed that his son, the
1016:Union of the two kingdoms under Ferdinand III
160:
4825:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
2979:
2774:
2729:
2707:
2453:, presided directly by the Vice-roy of Peru)
2316:/Virreinato de la Nueva España (after 1535)
3137:
2741:
2646:. Cambridge University Press. p. 139.
2635:
2633:
1542:, who would be regent, along with his wife
1506:. The proposal was accepted, and the title
1260:Map of Castilian and Aragonese Universities
146:
5527:States and territories established in 1230
4869:
4855:
3375:
3361:
2972:
2958:
1964:, who grew up in Castile, and in fact the
237:The Crown in the Concordia of Villafáfila.
3058:
2818:
2808:
2682:
2284:
1863:Castilian-Aragonese force invaded Navarre
1784:. On 2 January 1492 the monarchs entered
1464:In 1371 the brother of the Black Prince,
1342:, the language is also known as Spanish.
561:335,000 km (129,000 sq mi)
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
4876:
2630:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2079:
1881:
1712:
1676:Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V)
1646:(Francisco Padilla, oil on canvas, 1882)
1638:
1525:
1379:
1255:
1163:, León, Sevilla, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén,
1098:
1035:, while his son Alfonso X conquered the
983:the Castilian king's armies invaded the
4649:
2687:. Pamplona: Pamiela. pp. 213–249.
1804:for the Crown of Castile and began the
1583:won the war and expelled the Aragonese
14:
5504:
2639:
1873:Crown of Castile within Habsburg Spain
1792:marking the completion and end of the
1514:'s position and created peace between
919:
4850:
3356:
2992:
2953:
2299:/Virreinato de las Indias (1492–1526)
2033:, centralising all administration in
1808:conquests. In 1497 Castile conquered
1616:, one of the King's chief ministers.
924:The Kingdom of León arose out of the
778:in 1469 of the crowns of Castile and
2787:Cantera-Montenegro, Enrique (2019).
2437:Royal Audience of Santa Fe de Bogotá
2377:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1971:In 1518 the Castilian parliament in
1890:Padilla, Bravo and Maldonado in the
1466:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
1147:varied over the next century, until
487:Union of Ferdinand II and Isabella I
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
5454:
4899:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
2539:
2397:/Capitanía General de Santo Domingo
2379:/Capitanía General de las Filipinas
2176:Spanish North America, 18th century
2057:(1568–1571), which was put down by
1376:Ascension of the Trastámara dynasty
899:
24:
4991:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
3031:(Eastern) Roman Province of Spania
2931:
2660:from the original on 4 August 2020
2474:Governorate of the Río de la Plata
2470:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
2422:/Virreinato del Perú (after 1542)
2395:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
2075:
1546:, during the childhood of his son
1289:In the last years of the reign of
1252:Spanish languages and universities
25:
5553:
5421:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3074:Province of the Umayyad Caliphate
2391:/Capitanía General de Puerto Rico
1502:, marry John of Gaunt's daughter
1384:Expansion of Castilian territory.
1323:Grammar of the Castilian Language
1301:, but it was during the reign of
252:Evolution of the Crown of Castile
5537:1716 disestablishments in Europe
5453:
5444:
5443:
5433:
2853:The Companion to British History
2472:/Vireinato del Rio de La Plata,
2389:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
2168:The Crown in late medieval Spain
2010:Castilian War of the Communities
1686:bestowed upon them the title of
1461:, in which he had Peter killed.
711:
697:
683:
658:
644:
630:
241:
231:
221:
200:
186:
41:
4919:Christianity in the Middle Ages
4914:Decline of Hellenistic religion
3302:Monarchs of Barcelona/Catalonia
2912:from the original on 2022-05-21
2885:
2870:from the original on 2022-05-21
2843:
2780:
2478:Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires
2138:) and achieve peace in Europe.
1708:War of the Castilian Succession
1700:Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando
1625:Treaty of the Bulls of Guisando
1597:War of the Castilian Succession
1438:with whom he had his heir, the
833:as well as the conquest of the
831:Spanish conquest of New Granada
52:needs additional citations for
5197:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
2735:
2701:
2676:
2620:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1904).
2613:
2605:Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1906).
2598:
2329:Captaincy General of Guatemala
2280:/Reino de Navarra (after 1512)
2274:/Reino de Granada (after 1492)
2022:Imperial policies of Philip II
905:Two kingdoms: León and Castile
13:
1:
5542:1230 establishments in Europe
5371:Disability in the Middle Ages
5044:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
4976:Rise of the Venetian Republic
2850:Charles Arnold-Baker (2001),
2591:
2403:/Capitanía General de Yucatán
2367:/Provincia de Las Californias
2147:War of the Spanish Succession
1945:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1739:, more commonly known as the
1591:Second Conflict of Succession
1238:
975:Occupation of western Navarre
877:War of the Spanish Succession
2713:An economic history of Spain
2401:Captaincy General of Yucatán
1877:
1821:Period of regency – Joanna I
1103:Equestrian heraldic of King
823:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
5522:Former monarchies of Europe
3382:
2640:Reilly, Bernard F. (1993).
2490:
2365:Province of the Californias
2361:/Provincia de Nueva Navarra
2188:
2184:South America, 18th century
1692:('the Catholic Monarchs').
1662:, married in secret in the
1334:in the 16th century by the
1320:, the first edition of the
1109:Equestrian armorial of the
935:From 1037 until 1065 under
871:In the early 18th century,
827:conquest of the Inca Empire
10:
5558:
5532:Former countries in Europe
5172:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
2717:Princeton University Press
2522:List of Castilian Monarchs
2464:Captaincy General of Chile
2458:Royal Audiencia of Charcas
2385:/Capitanía General de Cuba
2084:Worldwide Crown of Castile
1594:
908:
894:
518:1512 (annexed 7 July 1515)
468:• Permanent union of
26:
5429:
5358:
5217:
5112:
5099:Mongol invasion of Europe
5004:
4884:
4818:
4770:
4287:
3691:
3390:
3272:
3202:Principality of Catalonia
3147:
3136:
3132:
3069:
3057:
3053:
3002:
2991:
2987:
2683:Urzainqui, Tomás (1998).
2427:Royal Audiencia of Panama
2383:Captaincy General of Cuba
2349:/Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2297:Viceroyalty of the Indies
2106:expulsion of the Moriscos
1837:) and named Ferdinand as
1575:, sons of Ferdinand I of
1372:in the late middle ages.
1116:Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal
805:and the discovery of the
782:with the marriage of the
727:
609:
588:
584:
574:
570:
565:
557:
552:
548:
535:
522:
509:
496:
483:
466:
462:
448:
438:
434:
418:
405:
401:
391:
377:
365:
336:
290:
280:
257:
218:
182:
177:
141:
2981:Spain in the Middle Ages
2532:
2444:Royal Audiencia of Quito
2314:Viceroyalty of New Spain
2207:Principality of Asturias
1913:died in 1506, he became
1847:Concordia de Villafáfila
1658:, heir to the throne of
1644:The Surrender of Granada
1540:Ferdinand I of Antequera
1355:University of Valladolid
1087:since the 14th century.
979:From 1199 to 1201 under
27:Not to be confused with
5054:Investiture Controversy
5024:Second Bulgarian Empire
3140:Feudal Christian realms
2943:eurulers.altervista.org
2451:Royal Audiencia of Lima
2373:/Provincia de Venezuela
2359:Province of New Navarre
2337:/Reino de Nueva Vizcaya
2325:/Nuevo Reino de Galicia
2291:Kingdom of the Canaries
2227:/Provincia de Guipúzcoa
2209:/Principado de Asturias
2094:University of Salamanca
1737:Consejo de la Hermandad
1451:Edward, Prince of Wales
1347:University of Salamanca
1210:, most sessions of the
801:In 1492, the voyage of
281:Official languages
5411:Post-classical history
5167:Fall of Constantinople
5074:Capet–Plantagenet feud
4941:First Bulgarian Empire
3287:Monarchs of al-Andalus
2801:Universidad de Navarra
2793:Memoria y Civilización
2581:
2573:
2557:
2549:
2433:New Kingdom of Granada
2371:Provincia de Venezuela
2347:Santa Fe of New Mexico
2323:New Kingdom of Galicia
2285:Overseas (before 1715)
2185:
2177:
2169:
2113:Count-Duke of Olivares
2085:
2002:Santiago de Compostela
1926:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1899:
1753:Consejo de las Órdenes
1718:
1647:
1544:Catherine of Lancaster
1531:
1478:Santiago de Compostela
1392:pitting supporters of
1385:
1261:
1246:Ordenamiento de Alcalá
1119:
1114:1433–1435. Collection
987:, annexing thereafter
267:(1561–1601; 1606–1716)
227:The Crown around 1400.
161:
147:
4795:Medieval great powers
2335:Kingdom of New Biscay
2183:
2175:
2167:
2083:
1885:
1851:Treaty of Villafáfila
1829:, who was married to
1716:
1689:'los Reyes Católicos'
1664:Palacio de los Vivero
1642:
1627:with his half-sister
1529:
1410:antisemitic sentiment
1383:
1259:
1102:
1025:Berengaria of Castile
815:Treaty of Villafáfila
513:Occupation of Navarre
5488:40.41750°N 3.71500°W
5391:Medieval reenactment
5187:Renaissance Humanism
5094:Medieval Warm Period
5064:Republic of Florence
4878:European Middle Ages
4805:European colonialism
4790:Ancient great powers
3337:Monarchs of Valencia
3297:Monarchs of Asturias
3084:Caliphate of Córdoba
3024:Kingdom of the Suebi
2343:/Nuevo Reino de Léon
2225:Province of Gipuzkoa
2090:University of Alcalá
1798:Christopher Columbus
1796:. Also in 1492, the
1534:During the reign of
1353:of Palencia and the
889:Nueva Planta decrees
881:unification policies
803:Christopher Columbus
792:Nueva Planta decrees
539:Nueva Planta decrees
524:• Ascension of
61:improve this article
5484: /
5104:Kingdom of Portugal
4971:Old Church Slavonic
4956:Anglo-Saxon England
4800:Modern great powers
3332:Monarchs of Navarre
3327:Monarchs of Majorca
3317:Monarchs of Granada
3312:Monarchs of Galicia
3307:Monarchs of Castile
3277:Visigothic monarchs
3258:Kingdom of Valencia
3226:Kingdom of Artajona
3207:Kingdom of Pamplona
3198:County of Barcelona
3152:Kingdom of Asturias
2810:10.15581/001.22.028
2719:. pp. 131–132.
2709:Vicens Vives, Jaime
2685:La Navarra marítima
2643:The Medieval Spains
2566:Corona de Castiella
2497:Heraldry of Castile
2420:Viceroyalty of Peru
2341:New Kingdom of León
2233:/Provincia de Álava
2221:/Señorío de Vizcaya
2195:Kingdom of Castille
1729:As a result of the
1614:Beltrán de la Cueva
1552:Compromise of Caspe
1512:House of Trastámara
1394:Henry of Trastámara
1390:Castilian Civil War
1316:In 1492, under the
1278:Galician-Portuguese
1033:Guadalquivir Valley
966:receiving León and
937:Ferdinand I of León
926:Kingdom of Asturias
920:Towards unification
739:fixed it to Madrid.
500:Conquest of Granada
457:early modern period
354:Minority religions:
5517:History of Castile
5512:Kingdom of Castile
5493:40.41750; -3.71500
5285:In popular culture
5250:Crusading movement
5122:Hundred Years' War
4981:Civitas Schinesghe
4966:Carolingian Empire
4951:Kingdom of Croatia
4904:Barbarian kingdoms
3292:Monarchs of Aragon
3253:Kingdom of Majorca
3216:Kingdom of Viguera
3211:Kingdom of Navarre
3173:Kingdom of Castile
3161:Kingdom of Galicia
3120:Emirate of Granada
3079:Emirate of Córdoba
3036:Duchy of Cantabria
3012:Visigothic Kingdom
2607:El dialecto leonés
2550:Corona de Castilla
2517:Kingdom of Galicia
2507:Kingdom of Castile
2355:/Nueva Extremadura
2293:/Reino de Canarias
2278:Kingdom of Navarre
2272:Kingdom of Granada
2266:Kingdom of Seville
2254:Kingdom of Córdoba
2219:Lordship of Biscay
2213:Kingdom of Galicia
2197:/Reino de Castilla
2186:
2178:
2170:
2086:
1966:Council of Castile
1941:Holy Roman Emperor
1935:upon the death of
1924:upon the death of
1900:
1867:Kingdom of Navarre
1719:
1680:Papal dispensation
1648:
1532:
1508:Prince of Asturias
1432:Hundred Years' War
1386:
1364:, the headpin for
1328:Antonio de Nebrija
1262:
1120:
1105:John II of Castile
1095:and the legal code
1085:Prince of Asturias
1029:Alfonso IX of León
985:Kingdom of Navarre
915:Kingdom of Castile
666:Emirate of Granada
638:Kingdom of Castile
344:Official religion:
291:Minority languages
162:Corona de Castilla
76:"Crown of Castile"
29:Kingdom of Castile
18:Corona de Castilla
5467:
5466:
5376:Basic topics list
5177:Swiss mercenaries
5127:Wars of the Roses
5034:Kingdom of Poland
5019:Holy Roman Empire
4886:Early Middle Ages
4844:
4843:
4766:
4765:
4731:Polish–Lithuanian
3906:Gurjara-Pratihara
3350:
3349:
3268:
3267:
3244:Kingdom of Aragon
3221:Kingdom of Najera
3187:Kingdom of Toledo
3166:County of Castile
3128:
3127:
3108:Almohad Caliphate
3096:Almoravid Emirate
3049:
3048:
3041:Duchy of Vasconia
2995:Early Middle Ages
2775:Vicens Vives 1969
2758:978-84-17157-97-5
2730:Vicens Vives 1969
2268:/Reino de Sevilla
2256:/Reino de Córdoba
2248:Kingdom of Murcia
2242:Kingdom of Toledo
2231:Province of Álava
2215:/Reino de Galicia
1831:Philip of Austria
1684:Pope Alexander VI
1459:Battle of Montiel
1444:Eleanor of Guzman
1436:Maria of Portugal
1318:Catholic Monarchs
1283:Cantar de Mio Cid
1037:Kingdom of Murcia
1005:Vitoria (Gasteiz)
958:(died 1126), and
947:, and Galicia to
873:Philip of Bourbon
784:Catholic Monarchs
756:Iberian Peninsula
744:
743:
723:
722:
719:
718:
707:British Gibraltar
671:
670:
479:23 September 1230
443:Cortes of Castile
420:• 1474–1504
407:• 1230–1252
357:Sephardic Judaism
349:Roman Catholicism
318:Andalusian Arabic
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
5549:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5457:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5437:
5396:Medieval studies
5240:Church and State
5114:Late Middle Ages
5006:High Middle Ages
4924:Christianization
4894:Migration Period
4871:
4864:
4857:
4848:
4847:
4647:
4646:
4312:Austro-Hungarian
4012:Chagatai Khanate
3377:
3370:
3363:
3354:
3353:
3322:Monarchs of León
3240:County of Aragon
3234:
3194:Catalan counties
3177:Crown of Castile
3134:
3133:
3055:
3054:
2989:
2988:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2925:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2822:
2812:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2585:
2582:Corona Castellae
2558:Coroa de Castela
2543:
2502:Heraldry of León
2250:/Reino de Murcia
2244:/Reino de Toledo
1909:when his father
1865:and most of the
1861:In 1512 a joint
1650:In October 1469
1608:, gave birth to
1606:Joan of Portugal
1455:Battle of Nájera
1415:On the death of
1349:, the Castilian
1243:
1240:
1141:Basque Provinces
900:Preceding events
770:, to the vacant
748:Crown of Castile
715:
714:
701:
700:
687:
686:
675:
674:
662:
661:
648:
647:
634:
633:
627:
626:
611:
610:
601:Spanish maravedí
248:
245:
238:
235:
228:
225:
204:
190:
172:
164:
158:
150:
148:Corona Castellae
143:Crown of Castile
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
5557:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5502:
5501:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5425:
5406:Neo-medievalism
5354:
5290:Itinerant court
5213:
5108:
5029:Georgian Empire
5014:Norman Conquest
5000:
4946:Frankish Empire
4880:
4875:
4845:
4840:
4829:American Empire
4814:
4810:African empires
4762:
4645:
4337:Central African
4283:
4101:Romano-Germanic
3687:
3421:Middle Assyrian
3394:
3386:
3381:
3351:
3346:
3342:Military orders
3282:Suebic monarchs
3264:
3248:Crown of Aragon
3228:
3156:Kingdom of León
3143:
3124:
3065:
3045:
2998:
2983:
2978:
2937:
2934:
2932:Further reading
2929:
2928:
2915:
2913:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2873:
2871:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2681:
2677:
2663:
2661:
2654:
2638:
2631:
2618:
2614:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2574:Gaztelako Koroa
2544:
2540:
2535:
2512:Kingdom of León
2493:
2353:New Extremadura
2287:
2260:Kingdom of Jaén
2201:Kingdom of León
2191:
2162:
2078:
2076:Later Habsburgs
2059:John of Austria
2024:
1896:Antonio Gisbert
1880:
1875:
1823:
1742:Santa Hermandad
1672:Crown of Aragon
1637:
1599:
1593:
1563:Maria of Aragon
1524:
1378:
1351:Estudio General
1295:Visigothic Code
1254:
1241:
1097:
1018:
1013:
977:
922:
917:
911:Kingdom of León
909:Main articles:
907:
902:
897:
885:Crown of Aragon
856:, and Count of
842:Habsburg rulers
750:was a medieval
740:
733:Itinerant court
712:
698:
684:
659:
652:Kingdom of León
645:
631:
605:
577:
541:
531:23 January 1516
528:
515:
502:
492:19 October 1469
489:
476:
421:
408:
361:
332:
276:
253:
250:
249:
246:
239:
236:
229:
226:
214:
213:
212:
209:
205:
197:
196:
191:
173:
166:
159:
152:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5555:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5451:
5441:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5401:Misconceptions
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5209:Little Ice Age
5206:
5205:
5204:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5162:Western Schism
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4916:
4911:
4909:Late antiquity
4906:
4901:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4851:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3693:Post-classical
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3492:Middle Kingdom
3489:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3448:Neo-Babylonian
3445:
3440:
3438:Old Babylonian
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3223:
3218:
3204:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2985:
2984:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2905:978-8449022999
2904:
2884:
2863:978-0415185837
2862:
2842:
2779:
2777:, p. 246.
2764:
2757:
2734:
2722:
2700:
2693:
2675:
2653:978-0521397414
2652:
2629:
2612:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2467:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2430:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2301:
2300:
2294:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2262:/Reino de Jaén
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2203:/Reino de León
2198:
2190:
2187:
2161:
2158:
2154:Crown of Spain
2121:Unión de Armas
2077:
2074:
2055:Morisco Revolt
2031:Spanish Empire
2023:
2020:
1949:
1948:
1933:
1922:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1822:
1819:
1770:Canary Islands
1704:Infanta Joanna
1636:
1633:
1610:Infanta Joanna
1595:Main article:
1592:
1589:
1587:from Castile.
1581:Álvaro de Luna
1567:Álvaro de Luna
1523:
1520:
1377:
1374:
1253:
1250:
1235:Siete Partidas
1096:
1089:
1075:, and Lord of
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
976:
973:
972:
971:
952:
921:
918:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
776:personal union
772:Leonese throne
742:
741:
728:
725:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
709:
703:
702:
695:
689:
688:
681:
679:Habsburg Spain
672:
669:
668:
663:
655:
654:
649:
641:
640:
635:
623:
622:
617:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
592:
590:
586:
585:
582:
581:
578:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
563:
562:
559:
555:
554:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
536:
533:
532:
529:
523:
520:
519:
516:
510:
507:
506:
505:2 January 1492
503:
497:
494:
493:
490:
484:
481:
480:
477:
467:
464:
463:
460:
459:
450:
449:Historical era
446:
445:
440:
436:
435:
432:
431:
422:
419:
416:
415:
409:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
389:
388:
379:
375:
374:
369:
363:
362:
360:
359:
351:
346:
340:
338:
334:
333:
331:
330:
325:
323:Judaeo-Spanish
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
277:
275:
274:
268:
261:
259:
255:
254:
251:
240:
230:
220:
219:
216:
215:
206:
199:
198:
194:Royal Standard
192:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
175:
174:
145:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5554:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5500:
5497:
5460:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5431:
5428:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:Scholasticism
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4931:Rise of Islam
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4835:
4834:Soviet empire
4832:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:Miscellaneous
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:German Empire
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4158:Turco-Persian
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2881:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2715:. Princeton:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2694:84-7681-284-1
2690:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2601:
2597:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:Septentrional
2305:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2174:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2115:, the king's
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2068:approved the
2067:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:La Pragmática
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2016:
2015:Los comuneros
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:in Castilian
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1518:and Castile.
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:Peter (Pedro)
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1340:Spanish Crown
1337:
1336:conquistadors
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:Ferdinand III
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1111:Golden Fleece
1106:
1101:
1094:
1091:Union of the
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:Ferdinand III
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:San Sebastián
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:, Castile to
942:
938:
934:
933:
932:
929:
927:
916:
912:
892:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:Pacific Ocean
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:Ferdinand III
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
738:
734:
731:
726:
710:
708:
705:
704:
696:
694:
693:Bourbon Spain
691:
690:
682:
680:
677:
676:
673:
667:
664:
657:
656:
653:
650:
643:
642:
639:
636:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
551:
547:
543:
540:
534:
530:
527:
521:
517:
514:
508:
504:
501:
495:
491:
488:
482:
478:
475:
471:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
444:
441:
437:
433:
430:
426:
423:
417:
413:
412:Ferdinand III
410:
404:
400:
396:
394:
390:
387:
383:
380:
376:
373:
370:
368:
364:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
335:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
308:Astur-Leonese
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
289:
286:
283:
279:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
260:
256:
244:
234:
224:
217:
211:
203:
195:
189:
181:
176:
170:
163:
156:
149:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
30:
19:
5469:
5230:Architecture
5202:Great Famine
5192:Universities
5156:
5132:Hussite Wars
5049:Great Schism
4936:Papal States
4585:Contemporary
4435:Indo-Persian
4423:Nazi Germany
4367:Contemporary
4269:Vijayanagara
4168:Great Seljuk
4079:Thessalonica
4007:Golden Horde
3647:Carthaginian
3426:Neo-Assyrian
3411:Neo-Sumerian
3181:Castile-León
3180:
3176:
3138:
3112:
3102:Second Taifa
3100:
3088:
3059:
2993:
2942:
2920:
2914:, retrieved
2894:
2887:
2878:
2872:, retrieved
2852:
2845:
2803:: 143, 146.
2799:. Pamplona:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2744:
2737:
2732:, p. 6.
2725:
2712:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2669:
2662:. Retrieved
2642:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2565:
2541:
2485:
2413:
2408:
2307:
2302:
2151:
2140:
2125:
2120:
2110:
2087:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2025:
2014:
1990:
1970:
1950:
1930:Queen Joanna
1901:
1891:
1887:
1860:
1846:
1845:Through the
1844:
1834:
1824:
1802:the Americas
1793:
1774:Gran Canaria
1767:
1763:corregidores
1762:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1694:
1687:
1663:
1656:Ferdinand II
1649:
1618:
1600:
1584:
1570:
1560:
1550:. After the
1533:
1496:
1494:
1463:
1448:
1439:
1420:
1414:
1412:in Castile.
1401:
1387:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1288:
1281:
1263:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1153:procuradores
1152:
1121:
1108:
1092:
1019:
999:, including
981:Alfonso VIII
978:
964:Ferdinand II
930:
923:
879:and imposed
870:
839:
800:
788:promulgation
747:
745:
730:
620:Succeeded by
619:
614:
596:Spanish real
576:• 1300
353:
343:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
5491: /
5459:WikiProject
5386:Medievalism
5225:Agriculture
5089:Manorialism
5084:Communalism
5079:Monasticism
4996:Reconquista
4986:Kievan Rus'
4173:Khwarezmian
4106:Carolingian
3911:Rashtrakuta
3615:Shaishunaga
3514:Hellenistic
3497:New Kingdom
3487:Old Kingdom
3229: [
3114:Third Taifa
3090:First Taifa
2820:10171/58536
2480:) (1661–72)
2237:Extremadura
1919:Netherlands
1856:Tordesillas
1794:Reconquista
1748:Adelantados
1732:Reconquista
1724:Inquisition
1488:. He asked
1242: 1265
1201:Guadalajara
993:Durangaldea
960:Alfonso VII
835:Philippines
811:West Indies
615:Preceded by
453:Middle Ages
439:Legislature
429:Ferdinand V
384:subject to
273:(1601–1606)
5506:Categories
5479:03°42′54″W
5476:40°25′03″N
5381:Land terms
5335:Technology
5315:Philosophy
5295:Literature
5260:Demography
4961:Viking Age
4743:Portuguese
4624:Revival Le
4614:Vietnamese
4257:Later Tran
4227:Vietnamese
4123:Singhasari
4111:Holy Roman
3735:Bulgarian
3671:Satavahana
3642:Phoenician
3578:Achaemenid
3539:Indo-Greek
3519:Macedonian
3433:Babylonian
3064:(711-1492)
3061:Al-Andalus
2916:2020-10-30
2874:2020-10-30
2671:kilometer.
2664:11 October
2592:References
2414:Meridional
2143:Charles II
2098:Philip III
2018:of Spain.
1975:named the
1973:Valladolid
1937:Maximilian
1758:Audiencias
1668:Valladolid
1652:Isabella I
1629:Isabella I
1482:Pontevedra
1468:, married
1417:Alfonso XI
1366:wool trade
1189:Valladolid
1139:, and the
1041:Al-Andalus
968:Sancho III
941:Alfonso VI
862:Roussillon
786:up to the
566:Population
425:Isabella I
378:Government
367:Demonym(s)
271:Valladolid
208:Trastámara
87:newspapers
5366:Dark Ages
5275:Household
5270:Hastilude
5039:Feudalism
4736:Couronian
4374:Ethiopian
4362:Manchukuo
4317:Brazilian
4163:Ghaznavid
4133:Srivijaya
4084:Trebizond
4069:Byzantine
4051:North Sea
4046:Norwegian
4034:Almoravid
4017:Ilkhanate
3987:Majapahit
3960:Muromachi
3869:Solomonic
3854:Ethiopian
3768:Caliphate
3701:Aragonese
3529:Ptolemaic
3007:Visigoths
2837:214282114
2829:1139-0107
2136:Andalusia
2132:Catalonia
2117:favourite
2108:in 1609.
2027:Philip II
1986:Castilian
1977:Wallonian
1962:Ferdinand
1915:sovereign
1903:Charles I
1888:Comuneros
1878:Charles I
1806:New World
1577:Antequera
1536:Henry III
1504:Catherine
1470:Constance
1403:conversos
1303:Alfonso X
1266:Castilian
1208:Alfonso X
1177:Salamanca
945:Sancho II
883:over the
858:Barcelona
798:in 1716.
737:Philip II
580:3,000,000
526:Charles I
372:Castilian
337:Religion
313:Mozarabic
178:1230–1716
117:July 2018
5449:Category
5416:Timeline
5305:Minstrel
5300:Medicine
5182:Chivalry
5137:Burgundy
5059:Crusades
4716:Japanese
4679:Scottish
4659:American
4651:Colonial
4580:Imperial
4548:Moroccan
4484:Japanese
4462:Afsharid
4321:Burmese
4307:Austrian
4262:Later Le
4237:Early Le
4222:Venetian
4148:Tiwanaku
4061:Hellenic
4024:Moroccan
3955:Kamakura
3945:Japanese
3928:Saffarid
3881:Georgian
3795:Chalukya
3773:Rashidun
3763:Calakmul
3731:Bruneian
3610:Haryanka
3588:Sasanian
3583:Parthian
3534:Bactrian
3524:Seleucid
3504:Goguryeo
3482:Egyptian
3416:Assyrian
3406:Akkadian
3397:Colonies
2910:archived
2880:country.
2868:archived
2711:(1969).
2658:Archived
2554:Galician
2491:See also
2189:In Spain
2128:Portugal
2096:. After
2070:millones
2047:excusado
2006:A Coruña
1993:Americas
1911:Philip I
1892:Patíbulo
1790:Alhambra
1782:Tenerife
1778:La Palma
1696:Henry IV
1602:Henry IV
1585:Infantes
1572:Infantes
1474:A Coruña
1421:Infantes
1396:against
1332:Americas
997:Gipuzkoa
970:Castile.
875:won the
866:Cerdagne
850:Valencia
807:Americas
796:Philip V
589:Currency
382:Monarchy
303:Galician
210:(Shield)
5359:Related
5345:Warfare
5340:Theatre
5330:Slavery
5325:Science
5280:Hunting
5245:Cuisine
5218:Culture
5157:Castile
5152:England
4783:largest
4778:Empires
4758:Swedish
4753:Spanish
4748:Russian
4711:Italian
4686:Chinese
4674:English
4669:British
4664:Belgian
4639:Vietnam
4629:Tay son
4575:Tsarist
4570:Russian
4565:Ottoman
4531:Dzungar
4526:Khoshut
4499:Mexican
4494:Maratha
4477:Pahlavi
4457:Safavid
4452:Iranian
4379:Haitian
4342:Chinese
4302:Ashanti
4274:Wagadou
4200:Eastern
4195:Western
4178:Timurid
4138:Tibetan
4128:Songhai
4118:Serbian
4039:Almohad
4029:Idrisid
3933:Samanid
3923:Tahirid
3918:Iranian
3896:Kannauj
3876:Genoese
3812:Chinese
3805:Eastern
3800:Western
3788:Fatimid
3783:Abbasid
3778:Umayyad
3751:Burmese
3711:Ayyubid
3706:Angevin
3676:Xianbei
3664:Eastern
3659:Western
3605:Magadha
3568:Iranian
3561:Xiongnu
3546:Hittite
3455:Chinese
3443:Kassite
3392:Ancient
3384:Empires
2945:. 2022.
2562:Leonese
2546:Spanish
2092:or the
2039:Viceroy
1957:Flemish
1917:of the
1898:, 1860.
1810:Melilla
1786:Granada
1621:Alfonso
1548:John II
1516:England
1497:Infante
1440:Infante
1398:Peter I
1299:Cordova
1270:Leonese
1244:), the
1169:Segovia
1133:Galicia
1125:Castile
1107:in the
1073:Seville
1069:Córdoba
1057:Galicia
1045:Castile
895:History
846:Majorca
790:of the
760:Castile
754:in the
537:•
511:•
498:•
485:•
470:Castile
414:(first)
393:Monarch
328:Guanche
285:Spanish
258:Capital
169:Spanish
101:scholar
5439:Portal
5320:Poetry
5147:France
4721:Mongol
4706:German
4701:French
4691:Danish
4634:Dainam
4609:Tongan
4597:Somali
4592:Sokoto
4558:'Alawi
4536:Kalmyk
4516:Mongol
4509:Second
4489:Korean
4440:Mughal
4430:Indian
4413:German
4406:Second
4396:French
4389:Second
4325:Second
4297:Afghan
4289:Modern
4215:Kyrgyz
4210:Uighur
4205:Second
4185:Turkic
4153:Toltec
4089:Epirus
4074:Nicaea
3997:Mongol
3950:Yamato
3886:Huetar
3744:Second
3681:Rouran
3630:Shunga
3625:Maurya
3600:Kushan
3573:Median
3551:Hunnic
3509:Harsha
2902:
2860:
2835:
2827:
2755:
2691:
2650:
2570:Basque
2066:Cortes
2035:Madrid
1998:Toledo
1982:Burgos
1894:", by
1839:regent
1827:Joanna
1815:Naples
1660:Aragon
1556:Aragon
1490:John I
1307:Arabic
1274:Basque
1231:fueros
1212:Cortes
1206:Under
1197:Madrid
1181:Cuenca
1165:Zamora
1161:Toledo
1157:Burgos
1149:John I
1145:Cortes
1137:Toledo
1093:Cortes
1081:Molina
1077:Biscay
1061:Murcia
1053:Toledo
956:Urraca
949:García
854:Sicily
852:, and
829:, the
825:, the
821:, the
780:Aragon
752:polity
735:until
472:&
397:
386:fueros
298:Basque
265:Madrid
165:
151:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
5350:Women
5310:Music
5265:Domes
5255:Dance
5142:Milan
4771:Lists
4726:Omani
4696:Dutch
4602:Isaaq
4553:Saadi
4521:Oirat
4504:First
4472:Qajar
4401:First
4384:First
4357:China
4330:Third
4190:First
4143:Tikal
4094:Morea
4064:Roman
3982:Latin
3977:Khmer
3972:Kanem
3938:Buyid
3864:Zagwe
3859:Aksum
3849:Chola
3756:First
3739:First
3726:Bornu
3721:Benin
3716:Aztec
3654:Roman
3635:Gupta
3620:Nanda
3556:White
3233:]
3019:Suebi
2833:S2CID
2749:(PDF)
2578:Latin
2533:Notes
2410:South
2304:North
2102:Spain
1953:Ghent
1886:"The
1500:Henry
1428:Henry
1362:Mesta
1227:Fuero
1193:Soria
1173:Ávila
1039:from
989:Álava
155:Latin
108:JSTOR
94:books
4541:Bogd
4467:Zand
4445:Sikh
4352:Qing
4347:Ming
4279:Wari
4247:Tran
4232:Dinh
4002:Yuan
3992:Mali
3901:Pala
3891:Inca
3842:Yuan
3832:Song
3827:Liao
3822:Tang
3595:Kush
3477:Dʿmt
3200:) →
2900:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2825:ISSN
2753:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2666:2019
2648:ISBN
2134:and
1780:and
1654:and
1486:Vigo
1484:and
1426:and
1388:The
1370:wool
1276:and
1199:and
1185:Toro
1129:León
1079:and
1065:Jaén
1049:León
1003:and
995:and
913:and
864:and
764:León
762:and
746:The
558:1300
553:Area
544:1716
474:León
455:and
427:and
80:news
5235:Art
4619:Mac
4056:Oyo
3965:Edo
3837:Jīn
3817:Sui
3470:Jin
3465:Han
3460:Qin
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2805:doi
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1788:'s
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