1231:, driving the French fleet southwards and dispersing them across the coastline. Over the ensuing days Villaret was able to reconstitute his fleet in the anchorage off Belle Île where Vence had laid up on 8 June. When the fleet was all assembled, Villaret again ordered it to sail north in an effort to regain Brest. His fleet had originally sailed from Brest in such a rush due to the perceived danger to Vence's squadron that it was only carrying 15 days worth of provisions on board and had now been at sea for ten days, making a return to Brest a priority. At 03:30 on 22 June, as the French fleet passed north along the coast, the British Channel Fleet appeared to the northwest, Bridport having discovered the French fleet absent from Brest and cast southwards to protect the Quiberon invasion convoy.
143:
110:
1137:, which Cornwallis had sent ahead of the squadron as a scout early on 17 June. After progressing several miles ahead of the British squadron, Stopford had signalled that there were unknown sails to the northwest, followed by signals indicating four ships in sight and then one for a full fleet, highlighted by firing two cannon. Stopford had been careful to ensure that the French ships could see and read his signals, which were in a code that the French were known to have broken, and Villaret knew well that the only French fleet in those waters was the one he led. He therefore assumed that
45:
816:, which had been badly loaded when at anchor in Spithead and thus was unable to sail smoothly, fell far behind. The leading British ships were able to fire on Vence's force at a distance, and attacked the trailing merchant ships and their frigate escorts, forcing a French frigate to abandon a merchant ship it had under tow, but could not bring Vence to action without the support of the slower vessels in Cornwallis's squadron. As a result, all of the French warships and all but eight of the merchant vessels were safely anchored at Belle Île.
1275:"Indeed I shall ever feel the Impression which the good Conduct of the Captains, Officers, Seamen, Marines and Soldiers in the Squadron has made on my Mind; and it was the greatest Pleasure I ever received to see the Spirit manifested by the Men, who, instead of being cast down at seeing Thirty sail of the Enemy's Ships attacking our little Squadron, were in the highest Spirits imaginable . . . Could common Prudence have allowed me to loose their Valour, I hardly know what might not have been accomplished by such Men."
889:
876:. Turning north back towards Brest, the French fleet was off Penmarck Point at 10:30 on 16 June with the wind in the northwest, when sails were spotted to the northwest. This force was Cornwallis's squadron, returning to Belle Île in search of Vence. Sighting his numerically inferior opponent to windward, Villaret immediately ordered his fleet to advance on the British force while Cornwallis, anticipating Vence's merchant convoy and not immediately apprehending the danger his squadron was in, sent
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594:, losing three ships of the line. Villaret was criticised by contemporaries for failing to press the attack on Cornwallis's force, whilst the British admiral was praised and rewarded for his defiance in the face of overwhelming French numerical superiority. The battle has since been considered by British historians to be one of the most influential examples "of united courage and coolness to be found in naval history".
1244:, three ships were overrun and attacked, suffering heavy damage and casualties before surrendering. Others were damaged, but at 08:37, with most of his fleet still unengaged and the French scattered along the coast, Bridport suddenly called off the action and instructed his ships to gather their prizes and retire, a decision that was greatly criticised by contemporary officers and later historians.
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allowed the northern squadron to weather and the southern to lay up, the
British squadron now lying directly between them about 9 nautical miles (17 km) from either French division. During the night the chase continued into the Atlantic, the British squadron struggling to maintain formation due to the slow speed of two members:
1324:
wrote of the "masterly retreat of Vice-admiral
Cornwallis" in which "the spirit manifested by the different ships' companies of his little squadron, while pressed upon by a force from its threefold superiority so capable of crushing them, was just as ought always to animate British seamen when in the
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signalled that he could see six sails to the northeast. Cornwallis turned the squadron to investigate, and discovered the small squadron under Vence in command of a large merchant convoy. Vence initially held his course when
Cornwallis's squadron appeared, in the belief that they were French. When he
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at a critical juncture. British historians have highly praised the conduct of
Cornwallis and his men at the unequal battle: In 1825 Brenton wrote that Cornwallis's Retreat is "justly considered one of the finest displays of united courage and coolness to be found in our naval history." while in 1827
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In France, Villaret's failure to press his attack against
Cornwallis's squadron was blamed on a number of factors, including accusations that the captains of the French ships leading the attack had deliberately disobeyed orders to engage the British and that they were unable to effectively manoeuvre
1141:
could see the
Channel Fleet beyond the northern horizon, a force significantly more powerful than his own. Stopford compounded the ruse at 15:00 by making a string of nonsensical signals to the non-existent fleet before notifying Cornwallis at 16:30, again in plain sight, that the fleet was composed
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and returning to Brest from this position. Bridport instructed his fleet to pursue the French force, and a chase developed lasting the day of 22 June and into the early morning of 23 June, when
Bridport's leading ships caught the stragglers at the rear of Villaret's fleet off the island. In a sharp
1068:
Following the reorganisation, the entire
British squadron was now within range of the leading French ships, all firing at Villaret's advancing line. To facilitate the positioning of more cannon in the stern of the vessels, the British captains ordered their men to cut holes in the stern planks: so
985:
During the night
Villaret had split his forces further, creating a windward division of three ships of the line and five frigates, a centre division of five ships of the line and four frigates and the lee division of four ships of the line, five frigates and three smaller vessels. Of these forces,
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could only see the ship's sails rather than their hulls, ordered his squadron to advance on the French fleet. Stopford subsequently signaled the exact composition of
Villaret's fleet at 11:00 and Cornwallis, realising his error, issued urgent orders for his squadron to haul away to the southwest,
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signaled to Cornwallis that the French fleet contained 30 vessels, but did not return to join Cornwallis, causing the British admiral to misunderstand the signal to mean that the French ships, while more numerous than his own, were of inferior strength. Under this misapprehension, Cornwallis, who
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back to Spithead with the French prizes and two American merchant ships seized in French waters. Cornwallis then ordered the squadron to turn back to the blockade of Brest in the hope of encountering Vence in more favourable circumstances. At Brest, messages had arrived warning that Vence and the
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At 18:40, suddenly and for no immediately apparent reason, Villaret ordered his ships to haul their wind and turn back towards the east, breaking off contact. By the time the sun set a few hours later, the French had almost disappeared over the eastern horizon as the British continued westwards.
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At 14:00 Villaret split his forces, one division sailing northwards to take advantage of the breeze coming off the land, while the other maintained passage to the south. Cornwallis tacked his squadron at 06:00 and 17:00, but Villaret de Joyeuse's plan worked well and a shift in the wind at 18:00
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led the main French fleet out of port to attack the British, who were spotted on 16 June. Heavily outnumbered, Cornwallis turned away from the French and attempted to escape into open water, with the French fleet in pursuit. After a full day's chase the British squadron lost speed, due to poorly
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Taking his eight prizes laden with wine and brandy, Cornwallis retired to the sheltered anchorage of Palais Road, close to Belle Île, where the squadron remained until 9 June. In the evening, Cornwallis took advantage of a fresh breeze to sail his ships out into the Bay of Biscay and around the
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The damage the French Trans-Atlantic fleet had suffered in the winter operation took months to repair and it was not in a condition to sail again until June 1795, although several squadrons had put to sea in the meanwhile. One such squadron consisted of three ships of the line and a number of
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and signalling for the non-existent fleet to join with Cornwallis. It is not clear to what extent Villaret was taken in by this charade, the French fleet continuing their attack without pause, until at 18:00 when a number of sails appeared on the northwest horizon. At this point
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loaded holds on two of their ships, and the French vanguard pulled within range on the morning of 17 June. Unwilling to abandon his rearguard, Cornwallis counter-attacked with the rest of his squadron. A fierce combat developed, culminating in Cornwallis interposing his flagship
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their vessels. It was also insisted by several of the French officers present that the sails on the northwest horizon really had been Bridport's fleet and that this was the only factor that had induced them to disengage. Villaret placed much of the blame on Captain
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was sent ahead with despatches intended to warn Lord Bridport that the French fleet was at sea and inform him of Cornwallis's safety. However, Bridport had already sailed on 12 June with 15 ships of the line as a cover for a secondary force detailed to
953:
in order to relay Cornwallis's signals to the rest of the squadron. Villaret had immediately ordered his fleet to give chase, and the French followed the British south westwards into the Atlantic, taking advantage of the strengthening wind.
1265:, which when describing how he had faced down an entire French fleet at the climax of the action wrote only that the French had "made a Shew of a more ferious attack upon the Mars . . . and obliged me to bear up for her Support [
1234:
Villaret considered the newly arrived British fleet to be significantly superior to his own and retreated before it, sailing towards the French coast with the intention of sheltering in the protected coastal waters around the island of
1367:, noting that his version of events is based on the ship's log-books. In his 1837 edition, by which time James was long dead, Brenton maintains his account and dismisses James' accusations of inaccuracy with a sarcastic comment.
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fell back with damaged rigging, allowing the second French ship to take up the position at the head of the line. This ship, which had been firing distantly on the British force for half an hour, opened a heavy fire on
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to retreat, and gradually the entire French fleet fell back, distant firing continuing until 18:10 when the French fell out of range, although they continued in pursuit of the battered and weakened British squadron.
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and dismissed from the French Navy. In Britain, the battle was celebrated as one of the most notable actions of the early years of the conflict, an attitude encouraged by the modesty of Cornwallis's dispatch to the
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wore round to return to Cornwallis, and Villaret, now convinced that the strangers, which were in reality a small convoy of merchant vessels, were the vanguard of the Channel Fleet, abandoned the chase.
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badly damaged in the rigging and sails, causing the ship to slow. Cotton's ship now seemed at serious risk of falling into the midst of the French fleet and being overwhelmed, while Captain Gower's
650:. Although French squadrons could occasionally put to sea without interception, the main French fleet had suffered a series of setbacks in the preceding two years, most notably at the battle of the
1940:
1223:
The French fleet was only lightly damaged and had only taken light casualties of 29 men killed and wounded. Villaret continued the fleet's passage eastwards, rounding Penmarck Point and entering
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32:
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sailed from Brest on 12 June with the ships that were anchored in Brest Roads ready for sea. Villaret's fleet consisted of nine ships of the line, nine frigates (including two ships of the line
1196:, and the main British fleet was already off Brest when the action between Cornwallis and Villaret de Joyeuse was fought. The ships of Cornwallis's squadron had all suffered damage, especially
1249:
684:, from where a squadron of five ships of the line and two frigates were sent on 30 May to patrol the approaches to Brest and to watch the French fleet. The force consisted of the 100-gun
841:
convoy were "blockaded" at Belle Île and the French commander was instructed to rescue him. In fact, as was pointed out by a number of officers in the French fleet including Vice-amiral
1325:
presence of an enemy." Modern historian Robert Gardiner echoed this sentiment, noting in 1998 that "'Cornwallis's Retreat' became as famous as many of the Royal Navy's real victories."
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in his future designs of ships of the line, providing rounded sterns that offered a wider field of fire at pursuing warships. Casualties were light however, with just 12 men wounded on
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both advanced on the anchored ships, but came under heavy fire from batteries on the island and found that the water was too shallow and the passage too uncertain to risk their ships.
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was approaching. Villaret therefore broke off the battle on the evening of 17 June and ordered his ships to withdraw. This allowed Cornwallis to escape; he returned to port at
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Cornwallis's determined resistance, and his squadron's signals to a group of unknown ships spotted in the distance, led Villaret de Joyeuse to believe that the main British
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was similarly suffering. In an effort to decrease the weight of the ships and thus increase their speed and allow them to keep pace with the rest of the squadron, captains
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was also badly damaged by French shot. Seeing the danger his rearguard was in, Cornwallis took decisive action, ordering Cotton to turn away from the French and swinging
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during the winter of 1794–1795 when five ships of the line were wrecked during a sortie into the Bay of Biscay at the height of the Atlantic winter storm season.
845:, the anchorage at Belle Île could never be effectively blockaded as it was too open to block all potential approaches and too close to the major port of
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began operating off Brittany on 7 June; in the following week he attacked a French merchant convoy and captured several ships. In response, Vice-admiral
1120:'s rescue, drawing close alongside and engaging the leading French ships with a series of broadsides from his powerful first rate. The raking fire of
1163:"such a retreat . . . reflects as much honour on the abilities of the man who conducted it, as would the achievement of the most splendid victory."
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Although the order to abandon the action has subsequently been much debated, the cause of Villaret's retreat was in fact the actions of the frigate
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With the French fleet out of sight, Cornwallis ordered his squadron north against the northeast wind, returning through the English Channel to
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to escort a merchant convoy up the coast to Brest. The British Channel Fleet had briefly sortied from Torbay in February in response to the
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about Cornwallis's tactics in the action. Brenton claimed in his 1825 account that Cornwallis had formed his ships in wedge formation with
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realised his mistake at 12:00, he ordered his ships to make all sail towards the anchorage in the shelter of the fortified island of
1022:, which was close to the developing action, might lose a sail, a loss that Cranstoun would be unable to replace, Cornwallis ordered
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1018:. The rest of the French frigates held station to windward of the British force without approaching within range. Concerned that
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as the lynchpin that was closest to the French. James refuted this in his 1827 account, describing Cornwallis's formation as a
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ordered the anchors, boats and much of the provisions and fresh water carried aboard to be thrown over the side:
590:. The French fleet was discovered there by the main British Channel Fleet on 22 June and defeated at the ensuing
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especially had much of her stern either cut or shot away. At 13:30 the British fire achieved some success when
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800:. Vence's squadron made rapid progress towards the anchorage, but Cornwallis had sent his faster ships ahead,
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1363:. James comments on Brenton's account, and some inconsistent errors in the maps of the action drawn up by
1307:
and ill-health. He entered retirement that year, but in 1801 he was given command of the Channel Fleet by
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1208:
had to have extensive repairs to its stern, which had been heavily cut away during the action. Historian
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fleet of 12 ships of the line and 11 frigates. The action took place in the waters off the west coast of
480:
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1295:, but fell out of favour with the Admiralty in October 1795 in a dispute about naval discipline and was
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610:, known at the time as the "Western Squadron" exerting superiority in the campaign for dominance in the
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By the late spring of 1795 Britain and France had been at war for more than two years, with the British
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and for the next five years led the blockade of the French Atlantic Fleet, most notably during the
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the weather division was closest to Cornwallis's squadron and at 09:00 the leading French ship
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many were cut that several ships needed extensive repairs in the aftermath of the action and
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On 15 June, the French fleet encountered Vence's squadron sailing off the island of
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and therefore a rescue was unnecessary. This advice was ignored, and Vice-amiral
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on the night of 7–8 June and cruising southwards down the Breton coast past the
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against the French naval bases on the Atlantic, especially the large harbour of
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lost one man killed and seven wounded before Cornwallis called off the attack.
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with his squadron battered but intact. Villaret withdrew to an anchorage off
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as did a number of following French ships over the ensuing hours, including
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of allied ships of the line. He completed the operation by raising the
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1946:
Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving Great Britain
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1814:
The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to 1900, Volume IV
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of 1805 when he sent reinforcements to the fleet under Vice-Admiral
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Vice-Admiral William Cornwallis's official despatch, printed in the
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Champion of the Quarterdeck: Admiral Sir Erasmus Gower (1742–1814)
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Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving France
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Histoire des marins français sous la République, de 1789 à 1803
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that he subsequently broke to provide support to the embattled
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from approaching his ship's port quarter and firing repeated
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1795 naval engagement during the French Revolutionary Wars
1271:]." He did however subsequently note of his men that
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1855:
The Naval History of Great Britain, Volume 1, 1793–1796
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was sailing so slowly that Cranstoun even ordered four
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and no other losses on the remainder of the squadron.
1890:
Tracy, Nicholas, ed. (1998). "Cornwallis's Retreat".
1878:. Paris: Librairie Maritime at Scientifique. p.
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and censured in 1796 for abandoning a convoy to the
982:to be jettisoned with a large amount of roundshot.
904:
Order of Battle in the Biscay campaign of June 1795
1872:Rouvier, Charles (1868). "Crosière dans l'océan".
1468:, (subscription required), Retrieved 15 April 2012
893:Admiral Cornwallis's Retreat from the French Fleet
1343:There was heated early debate between historians
921:to starboard in an effort to escape pursuit with
548:on 16–17 June 1795 (28–29 Prairial an III of the
1932:
1830:
779:Cornwallis led his squadron southwest, rounding
1045:First phase: the two squadrons fight each other
1004:, but was unable to prevent the 40-gun frigate
106:
992:began to fire on the British rearguard ship,
220:
747:, under the overall command of Vice-Admiral
555:A British naval squadron under Vice-Admiral
1064:Last phase: the French squadron withdrawing
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1798:The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I
227:
213:
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1716:
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880:to investigate the sails on the horizon.
1892:The Naval Chronicle, Volume 1, 1793–1798
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1124:caused the four French ships closing on
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1871:
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1461:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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1190:land a British and French Royalist army
1053:Second phase: the French attacking HMS
571:between the British and French forces.
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50:Cornwallis's Retreat, June 17, 1795
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638:, maintained an effective distant
524:was a naval engagement during the
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1857:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
1579:. 23 June 1795. pp. 655–656.
949:was ordered to keep company with
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1000:. Cotton returned fire with his
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1831:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (2001) .
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945:was sent to scout ahead, while
857:into 50-gun frigates) and four
695:, the 74-gun ships of the line
1816:. London: Chatham Publishing.
925:leading the line, followed by
832:Ushant headland, reaching the
540:was attacked by a much larger
1:
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668:frigates under Contre-Amiral
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586:, close to the naval base at
1516:. 23 June 1795. p. 655.
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1100:. This combined attack left
680:and subsequently retired to
626:sailing from their bases at
618:. The British, led first by
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1173:, Vol. VII, pp. 20–25
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550:French Republican Calendar
37:War of the First Coalition
1833:Fleet Battle and Blockade
526:French Revolutionary Wars
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1916:. Constable Publishers.
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1240:engagement known as the
897:National Maritime Museum
775:Operations off Belle Île
678:Croisière du Grand Hiver
661:Croisière du Grand Hiver
331:Croisière du Grand Hiver
1456:Cornwallis, Sir William
1030:to fall back and allow
968:Lord Charles Fitzgerald
836:on 11 June and sending
1894:. Chatham Publishing.
1803:edward pelham brenton.
1793:Brenton, Edward Pelham
1632:Bates, Ian M. (2017).
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765:Battle of Quiberon Bay
652:Glorious First of June
135:Commanders and leaders
1810:Clowes, William Laird
1345:Edward Pelham Brenton
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1210:Edward Pelham Brenton
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769:Battle of the Saintes
199:29 killed and wounded
191:Casualties and losses
180:12 ships of the line
1293:Houses of Parliament
658:and then during the
522:Cornwallis's Retreat
351:Cornwallis's Retreat
171:5 ships of the line
26:Cornwallis's Retreat
1835:. Caxton Editions.
1801:. London: C. Rice.
1170:The Naval Chronicle
1112:southwards, he led
851:Villaret de Joyeuse
812:in the lead, while
561:Villaret de Joyeuse
528:in which a British
160:Villaret de Joyeuse
1576:The London Gazette
1513:The London Gazette
1313:Trafalgar campaign
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998:Sir Charles Cotton
900:
749:William Cornwallis
670:Jean Gaspard Vence
616:Western Approaches
557:William Cornwallis
461:Croisière de Bruix
426:Îles Saint-Marcouf
244:Revolutionary Wars
148:William Cornwallis
1951:Conflicts in 1795
1842:978-1-84067-363-0
1303:due to damage to
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1176:
1085:Droits de l’Homme
1038:in the vanguard.
789:Sir Erasmus Gower
688:ship of the line
656:ships of the line
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532:squadron of five
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446:St. George's Caye
387:Droits de l'Homme
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1910:Woodman, Richard
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1405:
1402:
1393:
1390:
1338:
1287:
1160:
767:in 1759 and the
757:Seven Years' War
395:Cape St. Vincent
246:
229:
222:
215:
206:
205:
158:
157:
156:
146:
145:
144:
127:
126:
125:
118:
114:
112:
111:
61:
60:
47:
33:naval operations
23:
22:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1902:
1865:
1843:
1824:
1788:
1783:
1779:Brenton, p. xix
1778:
1774:
1770:Rouvier, p. 208
1769:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1663:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1630:
1626:
1622:Rouvier, p. 207
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1584:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1547:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1482:Brenton, p. 229
1481:
1472:
1454:
1443:
1438:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:Gardiner, p. 46
1415:
1408:
1404:Gardiner, p. 16
1403:
1396:
1392:Brenton, p. 230
1391:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1353:Royal Sovereign
1335:
1331:
1309:Earl St Vincent
1305:Royal Sovereign
1297:court-martialed
1288:
1286:on 23 June 1795
1279:
1258:court-martialed
1242:Battle of Groix
1214:Robert Seppings
1158:
1122:Royal Sovereign
1110:Royal Sovereign
1028:Royal Sovereign
951:Royal Sovereign
927:Royal Sovereign
910:Robert Stopford
906:
886:
777:
753:Royal Sovereign
723:, the frigates
692:Royal Sovereign
600:
592:Battle of Groix
568:Royal Sovereign
519:
518:
517:
512:
247:
243:
239:
235:
233:
181:
172:
154:
152:
142:
140:
123:
121:
109:
107:
92:British victory
84:
67:16–17 June 1795
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1906:
1900:
1887:
1869:
1863:
1851:James, William
1847:
1841:
1828:
1822:
1806:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1751:
1749:Woodman, p. 61
1742:
1740:Clowes, p. 263
1733:
1724:
1722:Clowes, p. 260
1712:
1703:
1691:
1682:
1680:Woodman, p. 60
1673:
1671:Clowes, p. 259
1661:
1649:
1642:
1624:
1615:
1613:Clowes, p. 258
1606:
1594:
1582:
1559:
1557:Clowes, p. 257
1545:
1533:
1519:
1496:
1494:Clowes, p. 256
1484:
1470:
1466:Andrew Lambert
1441:
1427:
1425:Clowes, p. 255
1418:
1406:
1394:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1357:line of battle
1339:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1283:London Gazette
1277:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1154:
996:under Captain
972:Lord Cranstoun
885:
882:
776:
773:
737:and the small
599:
596:
514:
513:
511:
510:
505:
500:
499:
498:
493:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
316:
311:
306:
301:
290:
285:
280:
269:
258:
252:
249:
248:
232:
231:
224:
217:
209:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
178:
168:
167:
163:
162:
150:
137:
136:
132:
131:
119:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:Atlantic Ocean
75:
73:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
40:
39:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1963:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1925:
1923:1-84119-183-3
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:1-86176-091-4
1897:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1864:0-85177-905-0
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1823:1-86176-013-2
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1776:
1767:
1761:James, p. 242
1758:
1756:
1746:
1737:
1731:James, p. 245
1728:
1719:
1717:
1710:James, p. 244
1707:
1701:James, p. 243
1698:
1696:
1689:Tracy, p. 123
1686:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1659:James, p. 241
1656:
1654:
1645:
1643:9780958702126
1639:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1604:James, p. 240
1601:
1599:
1592:James, p. 239
1589:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1543:Tracy, p. 121
1540:
1538:
1531:James, p. 238
1528:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1439:James, p. 237
1436:
1434:
1432:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1366:
1365:Charles Ekins
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:William James
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1322:William James
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1183:for repairs.
1182:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:stern-chasers
999:
995:
991:
990:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
905:
898:
894:
890:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
790:
786:
782:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
735:
729:
728:
722:
721:
715:
714:
708:
707:
701:
700:
694:
693:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
665:
663:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:Lord Bridport
621:
617:
613:
612:Bay of Biscay
609:
608:Channel Fleet
605:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Channel Fleet
572:
570:
569:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
509:
506:
504:
501:
497:
494:
492:
489:
488:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:
417:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
388:
384:
383:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
366:Levant Convoy
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
336:Gulf of Roses
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
299:
295:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
278:
274:
270:
268:
267:
263:
259:
257:
254:
253:
250:
245:
238:
237:Naval battles
230:
225:
223:
218:
216:
211:
210:
207:
198:
195:
194:
189:
185:
182:11 frigates (
179:
176:
170:
169:
164:
161:
151:
149:
139:
138:
133:
130:
120:
117:
116:Great Britain
105:
104:
99:
91:
88:
87:
83:
79:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
51:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
24:
19:
1913:
1891:
1883:
1874:
1854:
1832:
1813:
1802:
1797:
1786:Bibliography
1775:
1766:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1706:
1685:
1676:
1633:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1574:
1511:
1459:
1421:
1360:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1304:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1253:
1246:
1233:
1222:
1217:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:Quiberon Bay
1184:
1178:
1168:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1054:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1005:
993:
987:
984:
975:
963:
959:
956:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
913:
907:
892:
877:
873:
863:
837:
834:Scilly Isles
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
792:
778:
752:
743:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
698:
691:
677:
666:
659:
622:and then by
601:
573:
567:
554:
521:
520:
466:Malta Convoy
419:
415:
386:
376:Newfoundland
371:Saldanha Bay
350:
319:
297:
293:
276:
272:
265:
261:
173:2 frigates (
101:Belligerents
49:
31:Part of the
18:
1571:"No. 13790"
1508:"No. 13790"
1317:Lord Nelson
1301:West Indies
1250:Jean Magnac
1032:Bellerophon
1020:Bellerophon
976:Bellerophon
964:Bellerophon
931:Bellerophon
720:Bellerophon
542:French Navy
451:Tory Island
436:Dives River
54:Thomas Luny
35:during the
1935:Categories
1374:References
1144:Dutch flag
1091:Formidable
1012:broadsides
980:carronades
902:See also:
838:Kingfisher
806:Kingfisher
744:Kingfisher
739:brig-sloop
686:first-rate
632:Portsmouth
604:Royal Navy
598:Background
530:Royal Navy
481:Copenhagen
410:Camperdown
405:Santa Cruz
400:Jean-Rabel
346:April 1795
326:Den Helder
196:12 wounded
1853:(2002) .
1812:(1997) .
1795:(1837) .
1263:Admiralty
1156:Aftermath
1036:Brunswick
960:Brunswick
923:Brunswick
859:corvettes
843:Kerguelen
814:Brunswick
798:Belle Île
771:in 1782.
713:Brunswick
620:Lord Howe
584:Belle Île
566:HMS
486:Algeciras
341:2nd Genoa
320:Alexander
288:1st Genoa
273:Embuscade
266:Cléopâtre
1912:(2001).
1278:—
1225:Audierne
1181:Plymouth
1034:to join
1007:Virginie
908:Captain
895:, 1802,
874:en route
785:Penmarck
759:and the
682:Spithead
674:Bordeaux
672:sent to
648:Brittany
640:blockade
628:Plymouth
614:and the
580:Plymouth
546:Brittany
538:frigates
536:and two
503:Boulogne
309:May 1794
304:Guernsey
294:Crescent
256:Sardinia
166:Strength
78:Brittany
72:Location
1341:Note A:
1206:Triumph
1198:Triumph
1185:Phaeton
1149:Phaeton
1139:Phaeton
1135:Phaeton
1114:Triumph
1106:Triumph
1071:Triumph
1024:Triumph
943:Phaeton
935:Triumph
919:tacking
914:Phaeton
884:Retreat
878:Phaeton
870:Lorient
847:Lorient
826:Phaeton
822:Phaeton
818:Triumph
810:Triumph
802:Phaeton
793:Triumph
727:Phaeton
706:Triumph
471:Dunkirk
420:Hercule
381:Ireland
298:Réunion
240:of the
1920:
1898:
1861:
1839:
1820:
1640:
947:Pallas
855:razeed
781:Ushant
734:Pallas
636:Torbay
431:Ostend
361:Hyères
314:Ushant
283:Toulon
277:Boston
262:Nymphe
242:French
129:France
113:
89:Result
1329:Notes
1237:Groix
1097:Tigre
1055:Mars
868:near
866:Groix
644:Brest
588:Brest
476:Malta
456:Texel
356:Groix
1918:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1859:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1361:Mars
1347:and
1254:Zélé
1229:gale
1218:Mars
1202:Mars
1200:and
1126:Mars
1118:Mars
1102:Mars
1094:and
1080:Mars
1075:Zélé
1026:and
1016:Mars
994:Mars
989:Zélé
970:and
939:Mars
937:and
820:and
808:and
742:HMS
732:HMS
730:and
725:HMS
718:HMS
716:and
711:HMS
704:HMS
699:Mars
697:HMS
690:HMS
634:and
508:Mahé
441:Nile
418:vs.
416:Mars
296:vs.
275:vs.
264:vs.
76:Off
64:Date
1880:205
1268:sic
1252:of
1192:at
1116:to
1014:at
941:.
912:on
791:on
751:in
646:in
606:'s
552:).
496:2nd
491:1st
184:OOB
175:OOB
1937::
1882:.
1754:^
1715:^
1694:^
1664:^
1652:^
1597:^
1585:^
1573:.
1562:^
1548:^
1536:^
1522:^
1510:.
1499:^
1487:^
1473:^
1464:,
1458:,
1444:^
1430:^
1409:^
1397:^
1381:^
1204::
1088:,
933:,
929:,
861:.
804:,
709:,
702:,
630:,
80:,
52:,
1926:.
1904:.
1867:.
1845:.
1826:.
1646:.
228:e
221:t
214:v
186:)
177:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
