35:
132:
239:
A year later, in
September 1984, the Contadora Act on Peace and Co-operation in Central America was also presented. This document included a range of detailed commitments to peace, democratization, regional security and economic co-operation. It also provided for regional committees to evaluate and
236:. This document declared their intent to promote democratization and to end armed conflict in the region, to act in compliance with international law, to revitalize and restore economic development and co-operation in Central America, and to negotiate better access to international markets.
274:
recognition of the government of
Nicaragua. The United States was also not supportive of the plan because it prohibited unilateral action by the US in protection of its interests. Moreover, the US succeeded in blocking in the plan any recourse to the
297:
While the
Contadora group ultimately failed to establish a credible peace formula with the backing of all regional governments, it did lay the foundations for such a plan to emerge in subsequent years. Under the leadership of Costa Rican president
372:
1056:
1000:
633:
365:
625:
338:
637:
358:
1107:
650:
1155:
879:
1247:
1217:
940:
549:
714:
666:
270:
The
Contadora Act was tentatively approved by the Central American presidents, but did not gain the crucial backing of the United States due to its
925:
315:
335:
232:
In
September 1983, mediated by the Contadora group, the foreign ministers of the Central American countries adopted a Document of Objectives in
1175:
474:
1242:
1041:
589:
350:
809:
970:
286:
A revised version of the accord failed to assuage the objections raised and was finally laid to rest with its formal rejection by
213:(Panama) in 1983. The initiative drew international attention to Central America's conflicts and pressured for a softening of the
1237:
764:
523:
1222:
950:
895:
99:
975:
832:
771:
71:
1232:
1227:
920:
874:
613:
78:
1031:
118:
1145:
1051:
654:
52:
1165:
1160:
1112:
995:
965:
905:
491:
226:
222:
85:
17:
945:
837:
306:
emerged from the remains of
Contadora in 1986 and led to a fundamental reshaping of Central American politics.
276:
56:
802:
336:
http://archive.tribunemagazine.co.uk/article/16th-november-1984/6/how-the-contadora-peace---pl-n-was-ambushed
1196:
67:
446:
595:
1102:
724:
583:
382:
195:
1097:
1092:
1046:
1005:
847:
842:
380:
303:
1127:
1117:
644:
577:
795:
629:
406:
299:
206:
for the presidents of
Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Panama to act as mediators in the conflicts.
199:
1170:
935:
864:
519:
436:
264:
160:
45:
468:
440:
92:
1061:
533:
8:
1122:
915:
730:
412:
545:
1191:
859:
672:
430:
418:
334:
Tribune
Magazine Archive, 16 November 1984 "How the Contadora peace-plan was ambushed":
1057:
Initiative for the
Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA)
1087:
1082:
1001:
United
Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, CEPAL)
679:
601:
462:
1026:
980:
900:
1137:
1021:
818:
758:
718:
571:
342:
176:
869:
537:
507:
541:
485:
481:
458:
280:
452:
1211:
853:
501:
497:
218:
210:
697:
740:
660:
567:
395:
143:
was an initiative launched in the early 1980s by the foreign ministers of
985:
607:
559:
529:
513:
233:
203:
191:
164:
772:
Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture
955:
563:
553:
287:
260:
214:
187:
1150:
990:
708:
244:
172:
168:
156:
34:
1036:
960:
736:
291:
144:
1156:
Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
787:
131:
619:
256:
941:
Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America (PROSUR)
752:
248:
183:
152:
148:
1066:
910:
880:
United States involvement in regime change in Latin America
746:
252:
1108:
Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF)
926:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
698:
Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
182:
The original stimulus for the initiative was a call by
396:
Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation
715:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
492:
United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia
175:), which were threatening to destabilize the entire
221:in the region. The peace plan was supported by the
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1218:International organizations based in the Americas
667:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
1209:
971:Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
316:Confidence-building measures in Central America
951:Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
1176:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA)
896:Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO)
803:
475:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
366:
1248:International SimĂłn BolĂvar Prize recipients
229:and many regional and international bodies.
976:Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
911:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA)
1146:Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
1042:Central America-4 Border Control Agreement
921:Central American Integration System (SICA)
810:
796:
590:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
373:
359:
240:verify compliance with these commitments.
243:The following year, representatives from
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
996:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
135:Member countries of the Contadora group.
130:
765:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative
524:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity
14:
1210:
966:Organization of American States (OAS)
946:Latin American Economic System (SELA)
906:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
833:Spanish American wars of independence
791:
753:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education
696:
394:
354:
634:Malaria Research and Training Centre
383:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
817:
614:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
24:
875:Inter-American Commission of Women
283:as required by international law.
25:
1259:
1243:Organizations established in 1983
1032:CARICOM Single Market and Economy
1006:United States Pirate Party (USPP)
626:Manhiça Centre of Health Research
1052:Eastern Caribbean Currency Union
655:National Transplant Organization
33:
1166:Free Trade Area of the Americas
1161:Economic Partnership Agreements
1113:Inter-American Development Bank
638:Kintampo Health Research Centre
223:United Nations Security Council
44:needs additional citations for
1238:Foreign relations of Venezuela
838:Decolonization of the Americas
675:for the Advancement of Science
328:
13:
1:
1223:Foreign relations of Colombia
916:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
385:for International Cooperation
321:
7:
1233:Foreign relations of Panama
1228:Foreign relations of Mexico
1103:Central American Parliament
725:Hispanic Society of America
651:The Transplantation Society
600:2004: The European Union's
584:International Space Station
309:
10:
1264:
1098:Caribbean Development Bank
1093:Caribbean Court of Justice
1047:Central America-4 passport
848:North American integration
843:Latin American integration
747:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
304:Esquipulas Peace Agreement
1184:
1136:
1128:South American Parliament
1118:Latin American Parliament
1075:
1014:
888:
825:
703:
692:
645:World Health Organization
596:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
578:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
401:
390:
630:Ifakara Health Institute
1171:G3 Free Trade Agreement
936:Contadora support group
520:Government of Guatemala
447:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
437:University of Salamanca
265:Contadora support group
209:The group first met on
163:(military conflicts in
161:Central American crisis
901:Andean Community (CAN)
469:Hans-Dietrich Genscher
341:11 August 2020 at the
196:Gabriel GarcĂa Márquez
136:
1197:Pan-American Congress
441:University of Coimbra
200:Alfonso GarcĂa Robles
134:
1062:Interoceanic Highway
550:Fatana Ishaq Gailani
534:Olayinka Koso-Thomas
482:Frederik W. de Klerk
53:improve this article
1123:Mercosur Parliament
731:Amref Health Africa
413:Enrique V. Iglesias
407:José López Portillo
1192:Pan American Games
865:JosĂ© de San MartĂn
673:Max Planck Society
419:Belisario Betancur
290:, El Salvador and
137:
1205:
1204:
1088:Bank of the South
1083:Andean Parliament
785:
784:
781:
780:
688:
687:
680:Fulbright Program
602:Erasmus Programme
463:Mikhail Gorbachev
381:Laureates of the
159:to deal with the
129:
128:
121:
103:
68:"Contadora group"
16:(Redirected from
1255:
1138:Free trade areas
1027:CARICOM passport
981:Pacific Alliance
812:
805:
798:
789:
788:
694:
693:
653:and the Spanish
546:Rigoberta MenchĂş
392:
391:
375:
368:
361:
352:
351:
345:
332:
302:, the so-called
263:and created the
227:General Assembly
211:Contadora Island
177:Central American
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1180:
1132:
1071:
1022:Andean passport
1010:
956:Lima Group (LG)
931:Contadora group
884:
821:
819:Pan-Americanism
816:
786:
777:
759:Ellen MacArthur
719:Paris Agreement
699:
684:
572:Valeri Polyakov
425:Contadora group
397:
386:
379:
349:
348:
343:Wayback Machine
333:
329:
324:
312:
186:Prime Minister
141:Contadora Group
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
18:Contadora Group
15:
12:
11:
5:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
892:
890:
886:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
850:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
823:
822:
815:
814:
807:
800:
792:
783:
782:
779:
778:
776:
775:
768:
761:
755:
749:
743:
733:
727:
721:
711:
704:
701:
700:
690:
689:
686:
685:
683:
682:
676:
669:
663:
657:
647:
641:
628:(Mozambique),
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
556:
542:Fatiha Boudiaf
526:
516:
510:
504:
494:
488:
486:Nelson Mandela
478:
471:
465:
459:Jacques Delors
455:
449:
443:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
402:
399:
398:
388:
387:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
347:
346:
326:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
308:
294:in June 1986.
281:United Nations
217:stance of the
127:
126:
109:September 2014
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1260:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
891:
889:Organizations
887:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:SimĂłn BolĂvar
858:
856:
855:
854:Patria Grande
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
828:
824:
820:
813:
808:
806:
801:
799:
794:
793:
790:
773:
769:
766:
762:
760:
756:
754:
750:
748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
732:
728:
726:
722:
720:
716:
712:
710:
706:
705:
702:
695:
691:
681:
677:
674:
670:
668:
664:
662:
658:
656:
652:
648:
646:
642:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
621:
617:
615:
611:
609:
605:
603:
599:
597:
593:
591:
587:
585:
581:
579:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
525:
521:
517:
515:
511:
509:
505:
503:
502:Yasser Arafat
499:
498:Yitzhak Rabin
495:
493:
489:
487:
483:
479:
476:
472:
470:
466:
464:
460:
456:
454:
450:
448:
444:
442:
438:
434:
432:
431:RaĂşl AlfonsĂn
428:
426:
422:
420:
416:
414:
410:
408:
404:
403:
400:
393:
389:
384:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
353:
344:
340:
337:
331:
327:
317:
314:
313:
307:
305:
301:
295:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
219:United States
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
133:
123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
1076:Institutions
930:
870:Lucas Alamán
852:
741:Khan Academy
661:Bill Drayton
636:(Mali), and
632:(Tanzania),
568:Chiaki Mukai
538:Graça Machel
508:Mário Soares
424:
330:
296:
285:
271:
269:
242:
238:
231:
208:
181:
140:
138:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
986:Petrocaribe
737:Salman Khan
608:Simone Veil
560:Pedro Duque
530:Emma Bonino
514:Helmut Kohl
453:Ă“scar Arias
300:Ă“scar Arias
277:World Court
234:Panama City
204:Alva Myrdal
165:El Salvador
1212:Categories
723:2017: The
588:2002: The
564:John Glenn
554:Somaly Mam
322:References
288:Costa Rica
215:militarist
194:laureates
188:Olof Palme
79:newspapers
1151:CARIFORUM
991:Rio Group
709:Knowledge
245:Argentina
173:Guatemala
169:Nicaragua
157:Venezuela
1037:CARIPASS
1015:Projects
961:Mercosur
739:and the
717:and the
522:and the
339:Archived
310:See also
292:Honduras
272:de facto
179:region.
145:Colombia
826:History
640:(Ghana)
620:Al Gore
477:(UNHCR)
259:met in
257:Uruguay
184:Swedish
93:scholar
1185:Events
770:2024:
767:(DNDi)
763:2023:
757:2022:
751:2021:
745:2020:
735:2019:
729:2018:
713:2016:
707:2015:
678:2014:
671:2013:
665:2012:
659:2011:
649:2010:
643:2009:
624:2008:
618:2007:
612:2006:
606:2005:
594:2003:
582:2001:
576:2000:
570:, and
558:1999:
552:, and
528:1998:
518:1997:
512:1996:
506:1995:
496:1994:
490:1993:
480:1992:
473:1991:
467:1990:
457:1989:
451:1988:
445:1987:
435:1986:
429:1985:
423:1984:
417:1983:
411:1982:
405:1981:
249:Brazil
225:, the
153:Panama
149:Mexico
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1067:SUCRE
774:(OEI)
192:Nobel
100:JSTOR
86:books
500:and
484:and
461:and
439:and
279:and
261:Lima
255:and
253:Peru
202:and
190:and
171:and
155:and
139:The
72:news
544:,
55:by
1214::
566:,
562:,
548:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
267:.
251:,
247:,
198:,
167:,
151:,
147:,
811:e
804:t
797:v
374:e
367:t
360:v
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.