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intensively characterized for shake flask bioreactors. Out-of-phase conditions are associated with a strong decrease in mixing performance, oxygen transfer, and power input. Main factor for out-of-phase operation is the viscosity of the culture medium, but also the vessel diameter, low filling levels and/or a high number of baffles.
215:
and shaking. The use of minimal liquid volumes, typically no more than one fifth of the total flask volume, and baffles molded into the flask's internal surface both serve to maximize gas transfer and promote chaotic mixing when the flasks are orbitally shaken. The oxygen transfer rate in
Erlenmeyer
490:
Schiefelbein S, Fröhlich A, John GT, Beutler F, Wittmann C, Becker J (2013): "Oxygen supply in disposable shake-flasks: prediction of oxygen transfer rate, oxygen saturation and maximum cell concentration during aerobic growth". Biotechnology
Letters. 35 (8): 1223-30, doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1203-9,
235:
previously restricted the sale of
Erlenmeyer flasks to those who have the requisite permits. On September 1, 2019, SB 616 amended the law so that permits are no longer required, but accurate inventory of this and certain other pieces of lab equipment must still be maintained, loss or theft must
222:
and mixing of liquid cultures further depend on rotation of the liquid "in-phase", meaning the synchronous movement of the liquid with the shaker table. Under certain conditions the shaking process leads to a breakdown of liquid motion – called "out-of-phase phenomenon". This phenomenon has been
524:
Buechs J, Maier U, Mildbradt C et al. (2000b): "Power consumption in shaking flasks on rotary shaking machines: II. Nondimensional description of specific power consumption and flow regimes in unbaffled flasks at elevated liquid viscosity". Biotechnol Bioeng. 68(6): 594-601,
127:
126:
131:
130:
125:
171:. The receiving flask is filled with a small amount of solvent, and heated to a boil. The hot solution is filtered through a fluted filter paper into the receiving flask. Hot vapors from the boiling solvent keep the filter funnel warm, avoiding the premature
132:
129:
354:, vol. 3 (January 1860), 21-22. He wrote that he first displayed the new flask at a pharmaceutical conference in Heidelberg in 1857, and that he had arranged for its commercial production and sale by local glassware manufacturers.
151:
and adding solvent and the indicator in the
Erlenmeyer flask. Such features similarly make the flask suitable for boiling liquids. Hot vapour condenses on the upper section of the Erlenmeyer flask, reducing
128:
541:
Buechs J, Lotter S, Mildbradt C (2001b): " Out-of-phase operating conditions, a hitherto unknown phenomenon in shaking bioreactors". Biochem Eng J. 7(2): 135-141,
310:
216:
flasks depends on the agitation speed, the liquid volume, and the shake-flask design. The shaking frequency has the most significant impact on oxygen transfer.
143:
The slanted sides and narrow neck of this flask allow the contents of the flask to be mixed by swirling, without risk of spillage, making them suitable for
182:, Erlenmeyer flasks are not normally suitable for accurate volumetric measurements. Their stamped volumes are approximate within about 5% accuracy.
473:
Soccol CR, Pandey A, Larroche C (2013). Fermentation
Processes Engineering in the Food Industry. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Florida.
624:
274:
91:
in its tapered body and narrow neck. Depending on the application, they may be constructed from glass or plastic, in a wide range of volumes.
398:
1853:
1832:
445:
1981:
1942:
508:
Kloeckner W, Diederichs S and Buechs J (2014): "Orbitally Shaken Single-Use
Bioreactors". Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 138: 45-60,
1468:
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211:. Erlenmeyer flasks used in cell culture are sterilized and may feature vented closures to enhance gas exchange during
1529:
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still be reported, and the owner must still allow audits of their records and equipment to be made.
1976:
1103:
1536:
1453:
917:
706:
168:
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with a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck. It is named after the German chemist
1139:
887:
856:
167:. The sample to be purified is heated to a boil, and sufficient solvent is added for complete
102:
or other connector for use with more specialized stoppers or attachment to other apparatus. A
75:
Erlenmeyer flasks have wide bases and narrow necks. They may be graduated, and often spots of
1129:
1007:
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633:
453:
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927:
31:
8:
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The final two attributes of
Erlenmeyer flasks make them especially appropriate for
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The mouth of the
Erlenmeyer flask may have a beaded lip that can be
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350:
Emil
Erlenmeyer, "Zur chemischen und pharmazeutischen Technik,"
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Autoclaved sterile
Erlenmeyer flasks covered with aluminium foil
190:
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260:
84:
1848:
1827:
232:
1402:
701:
95:
156:
loss. Erlenmeyer flasks' narrow necks can also support
98:
or covered. Alternatively, the neck may be fitted with
231:To impede illicit drug manufacturers, the state of
365:"Definition of Erlenmeyer flask | Dictionary.com"
1953:
136:Method of swirling an Erlenmeyer flask during
618:
334:
1578:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
399:Laboratory Flasks Information. 15 July 2016
625:
611:
83:are used where they can be labeled with a
199:floating colonies in an Erlenmeyer flask.
1943:Instruments used in medical laboratories
1424:
632:
280:Original drawing of the Erlenmeyer flask
189:
122:
36:
1459:Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
14:
1954:
1507:Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
388:Laboratory Glassware. 17 November 2011
72:(1825–1909), who invented it in 1860.
1784:
1603:
1423:
1083:
644:
606:
106:is a common design modification for
352:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Chemie und Pharmacie
266:
226:
30:For the episode of The X-Files, see
304:Different sizes of Erlenmeyer flask
203:Erlenmeyer flasks are also used in
27:Laboratory flask with a flat bottom
24:
1502:Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
410:Volumetric Glassware. 15 July 2016
292:Different styles Erlenmeyer flasks
25:
1993:
1982:1860 in the German Confederation
1547:Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
1357:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
309:
297:
285:
273:
1604:
575:
551:
535:
518:
502:
484:
446:"Erlenmeyer Flasks and Beakers"
337:"Classic Kit: Erlenmeyer flask"
118:
559:"TxDPS - Laws and Regulations"
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357:
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13:
1:
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339:. Royal Society of Chemistry.
321:
185:
7:
645:
239:
10:
1998:
1785:
583:"TxDPS - News and Updates"
335:Andrea Sella (July 2008).
29:
1940:
1891:
1841:
1808:
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1780:
1751:
1720:
1702:Time-domain reflectometer
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1469:Liquid chromatograph (LC)
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147:by placing it under the
1537:Melting-point apparatus
918:Cryogenic storage dewar
426:www.sciencebuddies.org/
207:for the preparation of
113:
1962:Volumetric instruments
1474:Mass spectrometer (MS)
1464:Gas chromatograph (GC)
200:
140:
87:. It differs from the
42:
1849:Acid-resistant gloves
1530:differential scanning
422:"Method of titration"
193:
135:
40:
1967:Laboratory glassware
1426:Analytical chemistry
928:Laminar flow cabinet
634:Laboratory equipment
32:The Erlenmeyer Flask
1798:Personal protective
707:Meker–Fisher burner
1641:Function generator
1624:Bench power supply
1563:Analytical balance
1324:Ostwald viscometer
1319:Graduated cylinder
1058:Inoculation needle
369:www.dictionary.com
209:microbial cultures
201:
141:
49:, also known as a
43:
1972:German inventions
1949:
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1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1909:Fire extinguisher
1899:Biosafety cabinet
1887:
1886:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1707:Transistor tester
1697:Spectrum analyzer
1595:
1594:
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1287:Measuring devices
1109:Soxhlet extractor
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1023:Spectrophotometer
1018:Pipeclay triangle
770:Mortar and pestle
587:www.dps.texas.gov
563:www.dps.texas.gov
450:www.dartmouth.edu
267:Additional images
227:Legal restriction
165:recrystallization
133:
16:(Redirected from
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1687:Network analyzer
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1063:Inoculation loop
933:Microtiter plate
873:Test tube holder
765:Magnetic stirrer
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452:. Archived from
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66:laboratory flask
47:Erlenmeyer flask
41:Erlenmeyer flask
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1977:1860 in science
1952:
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1924:Solvent cabinet
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1854:Eyewash station
1837:
1802:
1800:equipment (PPE)
1799:
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1651:Pulse generator
1617:Control devices
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1517:Thermochemistry
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1299:Conical measure
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1048:Test tube brush
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943:Picotiter plate
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888:Lab drying rack
847:Extension clamp
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70:Emil Erlenmeyer
64:, is a type of
55:British English
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1879:Safety goggles
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1874:Safety glasses
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1869:Nitrile gloves
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1864:Medical gloves
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1759:Alligator clip
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1677:Logic analyzer
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1207:Vacuum (Dewar)
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251:Florence flask
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158:filter funnels
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979:Balance brush
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955:Weighing dish
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952:Weighing boat
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456:on 2016-06-16
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104:BĂĽchner flask
101:
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67:
63:
61:
56:
52:
51:conical flask
48:
39:
33:
19:
18:Conical flask
1904:Fire blanket
1842:Eye and hand
1828:Rubber apron
1692:Oscilloscope
1656:Potentiostat
1583:Plate reader
1479:pH indicator
1449:CHN analyzer
1444:AutoAnalyzer
1237:Round-bottom
1211:
1130:Boston round
993:Filter paper
948:Refrigerator
865:Retort stand
833:Clamp holder
829:Beaker clamp
795:Vortex mixer
790:Stirring rod
785:Static mixer
715:Teclu burner
590:. Retrieved
586:
577:
566:. Retrieved
562:
553:
537:
520:
504:
486:
469:
458:. Retrieved
454:the original
449:
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429:. Retrieved
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383:
372:. Retrieved
368:
359:
351:
346:
330:
230:
218:
205:microbiology
202:
194:
177:
162:
142:
119:In chemistry
100:ground glass
93:
77:ground glass
74:
58:
50:
46:
44:
1892:Other items
1818:Face shield
1665:Measurement
1646:Galvanostat
1606:Electronics
1556:Other items
1542:Thermometer
1525:Calorimeter
1454:Colorimeter
1398:Gas syringe
1381:Other items
1309:Eye dropper
1184:Watch glass
1169:Evaporating
1148:Cold finger
963:Other items
869:Screw clamp
861:Pinch clamp
850:Flask clamp
800:Wash bottle
755:Homogenizer
220:Oxygenation
196:Microcystis
169:dissolution
1956:Categories
1823:Respirator
1764:Test probe
1682:Multimeter
1494:Microscopy
1314:Eudiometer
1278:Separatory
1247:Volumetric
1212:Erlenmeyer
1140:Condensers
1104:Dean–Stark
1053:Wire brush
1013:Microscope
1008:Centrifuge
983:Cork borer
938:Petri dish
913:Agar plate
900:Containers
883:Wire gauze
720:Water bath
682:Desiccator
592:2020-01-01
568:2020-01-01
460:2016-06-17
431:2016-07-08
374:2023-03-16
322:References
213:incubation
186:In biology
145:titrations
108:filtration
1914:Fume hood
1859:Glove box
1712:Voltmeter
1097:Apparatus
1086:Glassware
975:Autoclave
970:Aspirator
923:Incubator
857:Iron ring
780:Sonicator
750:Chemostat
692:Hot plate
138:titration
96:stoppered
60:titration
1813:Lab coat
1738:Tweezers
1728:Heat gun
1484:pH meter
1393:Bell jar
1273:Dropping
1227:Florence
1217:Fernbach
1179:Syracuse
1038:Scoopula
988:Crucible
697:Lab oven
547:11173302
531:10799984
514:23604207
497:23592306
240:See also
1752:General
1672:Ammeter
1372:Thistle
1329:Pipette
1304:Cuvette
1294:Burette
1263:BĂĽchner
1256:Funnels
1242:Schlenk
1222:Fleaker
1202:BĂĽchner
1123:Bottles
1043:Spatula
1033:Stopper
1003:Forceps
903:Storage
820:Holders
740:Shakers
711:Striker
659:Heaters
646:General
246:Fleaker
180:beakers
154:solvent
57:) or a
1786:Safety
1388:Beaker
1367:Thiele
1352:Cragie
1347:Drying
1268:Hirsch
1232:Retort
1194:Flasks
1162:Dishes
1153:Liebig
1114:Kipp's
1028:Splint
838:Tripod
816:Clamps
812:Stands
775:Shaker
737:Mixers
662:Dryers
545:
529:
512:
495:
477:
261:Chemex
89:beaker
85:pencil
81:enamel
1721:Tools
1339:Tubes
1174:Petri
233:Texas
178:Like
149:buret
62:flask
1403:Vial
1362:Test
998:File
702:Kiln
543:PMID
527:PMID
510:PMID
493:PMID
475:ISBN
114:Uses
79:or
45:An
1958::
585:.
561:.
448:.
424:.
367:.
175:.
160:.
626:e
619:t
612:v
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377:.
341:.
53:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
