219:. It is estimated to affect 0.3–3.6% of pregnant women and is the greatest contributor to hospitalizations under 20 weeks of gestation. Most often, nausea and vomiting symptoms during pregnancy resolve in the first trimester, however, some continue to experience symptoms. Hyperemesis gravidarum is diagnosed by the following criteria: greater than 3 vomiting episodes per day, ketonuria, and weight loss of more than 3 kg or 5% of body weight. There are several non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors that predispose women to development of this condition such as female fetus, psychiatric illness history, high or low BMI pre-pregnancy, young age, African American or Asian ethnicity, type I diabetes, multiple pregnancies, and history of pregnancy affected by hyperemesis gravidarum. There are currently no known mechanisms for the cause of this condition. This complication can cause nutritional deficiency, low pregnancy weight gain, dehydration, and vitamin, electrolyte, and acid-based disturbances in the mother. It has been shown to cause low birth weight, small gestational age, preterm birth, and poor APGAR scores in the infant. Treatments for this condition focus on preventing harm to the fetus while improving symptoms and commonly include fluid replacement and consumption of small, frequent, bland meals. First-line treatments include ginger and acupuncture. Second-line treatments include vitamin B
566:) is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid by causing low thyroid hormone levels. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include low energy, cold intolerance, muscle cramps, constipation, and memory and concentration problems. It is diagnosed by the presence of elevated levels of thyroid stimulation hormone or TSH. Patients with elevated TSH and decreased levels of free thyroxine or T4 are considered to have overt hypothyroidism. While those with elevated TSH and normal levels of free T4 are considered to have subclinical hypothyroidism. Risk factors for developing hypothyroidism during pregnancy include iodine deficiency, history of thyroid disease, visible goiter, hypothyroidism symptoms, family history of thyroid disease, history of type 1 diabetes or autoimmune conditions, and history of infertility or fetal loss. Various hormones during pregnancy affect the thyroid and increase thyroid hormone demand. For example, during pregnancy, there is increased urinary iodine excretion as well as increased thyroxine binding globulin and thyroid hormone degradation which all increase thyroid hormone demands. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy on the mother and fetus. The infant may be seriously affected and have a variety of birth defects. Complications in the mother and fetus can include pre-eclampsia, anemia, miscarriage, low birth weight, still birth,
29:
200:. The elevated demand is a result of increased maternal calorie intake and weight gain, and increased production of prolactin and growth hormone. Gestational diabetes increases risk for further maternal and fetal complications such as development of pre-eclampsia, need for cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, polyhydramnios, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, fetal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and admission into the neonatal intensive care unit. The increased risk is correlated with the how well the gestational diabetes is controlled during pregnancy with poor control associated with worsened outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is used to treat gestational diabetes and involves monitoring of blood-glucose levels, nutritional and dietary modifications, lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity, maternal
247:
pregnancy: 25% report serious pain and 8% are severely disabled. Risk factors for complication development include multiparity, increased BMI, physically strenuous work, smoking, distress, history of back and pelvic trauma, and previous history of pelvic and lower back pain. This syndrome results from a growing uterus during pregnancy that causes increased stress on the lumbar and pelvic regions of the mother, thereby, resulting in postural changes and reduced lumbopelvic muscle strength leading to pelvic instability and pain. It is unclear whether specific hormones in pregnancy are associated with complication development. PGP can result in poor quality of life, predisposition to chronic pain syndrome, extended leave from work, and
355:, is a major risk factor for postpartum morbidity and mortality, especially in highly developed countries. A combination of pregnancy-exacerbated hypercoagulability and additional risk factors such as obesity and thrombophilias makes pregnant women vulnerable to thrombotic events T.he prophylactic measures that include the usage of low molecular weight heparin, in fact, can significantly reduce risks associated with surgery, particularly in high-risk patients. Awareness among healthcare givers and prompt response in early identification and management of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period are both crucial for prompt response
757:. Identifying risk factors beforehand in order to take steps and make quick reactions to minimize the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes for the mother or the fetus is essential. The therapy techniques of placental rupture are based on the fetal gestation age and the status of both the mother and the baby. Instant delivery should be medically warranted for full-term babies (36 weeks or more) and in case of distress. Milder cases with immature embryos being monitored closely, any necessary intervention is done in time after careful observation.
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8278:
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251:. Many treatment options are available based on symptom severity. Non-invasive treatment options include activity modification, pelvic support garments, analgesia with or without short periods of bed rest, and physiotherapy to increase strength of gluteal and adductor muscles reducing stress on the lumbar spine. Invasive surgical management is considered a last-line treatment if all other treatment modalities have failed and symptoms are severe.
404:
rehoming, like sickle cell anemia. Prevention of anemia during pregnancy is complicated, and is often treated by a team effort of dietary supplementation, iron therapy, and continuous assessment of mother and fetal indices in a multidisciplinary approach. As an additional measure, emphasis is placed on the astute determination of the respective triggering points, and the application of optimal prenatal care to better maternal and fetal outcome.
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869:, possibly impairing function of internal organs. Control of multiple pregnancies, such as special prenatal care and birth plans, can help in the control of placenta accreta. Moreover, early detection and response to the health problems arising from multiple pregnancies can help both the expectant parents and medical care providers deal with this particular aspect of reproductive health consciously.
537:, and African ancestry. The pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy is not yet known, however, it is suggested that multifactorial potential causes could include autoimmune processes, viral myocarditis, nutritional deficiencies, and maximal cardiovascular changes during which increase cardiac preload. Peripartum cardiomyopathy can lead to many complications such as cardiopulmonary arrest,
445:, and cytomegalovirus transmission. Avoidance actions like vaccines and strict infectious control protocols can be given priority in the policies aimed at limiting the risk of transmission among high-risk populations. In addition, it is early diagnosis and management of maternal infections are among the main methods to flatline vertical transmission and fetal aberrations.
545:, brain injury, and death. Treatment of this condition is very similar to treatment of non-gravid heart failure patients, however, safety of the fetus must be prioritized. For example, for anticoagulation due to increased risk for thromboembolism, low molecular weight heparin which is safe for use during pregnancy is used instead of warfarin which crosses the placenta.
6043:"Practice parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): obstetrical complications and change in seizure frequency: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society"
1243:. Other investigations have revealed short-term neonatal outcomes to include small deficits in infant neurobehavioral function and growth restriction when compared to control infants. Also, prenatal methamphetamine use is believed to have long-term effects in terms of brain development, which may last for many years.
703:
is defined as fetal loss or death after 20 weeks gestation. Early stillbirth is between 20 and 27 weeks gestation, while late stillbirth is between 28 and 36 weeks gestation. A term stillbirth is when the fetus dies 37 weeks and above. This phenomenon can go beyond grief and can lead to worries about
662:
as well as the provision of the medical or surgical operations required. The psychological relevance of family members, relatives, and friends to the bereaved ones is also a necessity. The most effective tools that can be used to minimize the psychological implications of the mourners include autopsy
528:
is a heart failure caused by a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to <45% which occurs towards the end of pregnancy or a few months postpartum. Symptoms include shortness of breath in various positions and/or with exertion, fatigue, pedal edema, and chest tightness. Risk factors
737:
defined as the separation of the placenta from the uterus prior to delivery, is a major cause of third trimester vaginal bleeding and complicates about 1% of pregnancies. Symptomatic presentations are variable: Some women can entirely ignore the symptoms, while others have mild bleeding or abdominal
3651:
Taher, Ali T.; Iolascon, Achille; Matar, Charbel F.; Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan; de
Franceschi, Lucia; Cappellini, Maria Domenica; Barcellini, Wilma; Russo, Roberta; Andolfo, Immacolata; Tyan, Paul; Gulbis, Beatrice; Aydinok, Yesim; Anagnou, Nicholas P.; Bencaiova, Gabriela Amstad; Tamary, Hannah (August
1888:
Obstetric complications are those complications that develop during pregnancy. A woman may develop an infection, syndrome or complication that is not unique to pregnancy and that may have existed before pregnancy. Pregnancy often is complicated by preexisting and concurrent conditions. Though these
1873:
Swedish data A = Using any code for VTE regardless of confirmation. Swedish data B = Using only algorithm-confirmed VTE. Early postpartum = First 6 weeks after delivery. Late postpartum = More than 6 weeks after delivery. * = Adjusted for age and calendar year. † = Unadjusted ratio calculated based
1308:
Cultural norms, convictions, and traditions connected to pregnancy and childbirth lead people to establish perceptions, habits, and treatment-seeking. Cultural determinants affect the assessment of prenatal care utilization, childbirth practice, dietary habits and reproductive health beliefs, which
793:
is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os. Placenta previa
764:
to deal with the modifiable risk factors, can significantly contribute to the reduction of incidents of placental abruption. Knowing the long-term impacts on the mother and the baby after giving birth is essential. Continuous research and evidence-based approaches help in providing management that
403:
Anemia is a globally recognized complication of pregnancy worldwide and is a condition with a low hemoglobin amount in one of the trimesters. Such physiological modifications are more pronounced among individuals who suffer from undernutrition as well as chronic diseases associated with hemoglobin
816:
Placenta accreta risk factors include placenta previa, abnormally elevated second-trimester AFP and free β-hCG levels, and advanced gestational parent age, specifically over the age of 35. Furthermore, prior cesarean delivery is one of the most common risk factors for placenta accreta, due to the
601:
of the embryo outside the uterus. This form of complicated pregnancy, which is a non-implication of a normally fertilized egg at any spot other than the uterus, involves operation failure, which can cause life-threatening conditions. However, the underlying reasons for this are not exactly known.
1002:
Factors increasing the risk (to either the pregnant individual, the fetus/es, or both) of pregnancy complications beyond the normal level of risk may be present in the pregnant individual's medical profile either before they become pregnant or during the pregnancy. These pre-existing factors may
189:. There are many non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors that lead to the devopment of this complication. Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of diabetes, advanced maternal age, and ethnicity. Modifiable risk factors include maternal obesity. There is an elevated demand for
436:
Pregnancy is a critical period for the expectant mom to experience additional dangers associated with infections. Moreover, a mother and baby's health is exposed to danger when she is in this condition. The prenatal physiology complexity and immunity modulation inherently increase the risk of
246:
pain and sometimes radiation of pain down the hips and thighs. For most pregnant individuals, PGP resolves within three months following delivery, but for some it can last for years, resulting in a reduced tolerance for weight bearing activities. PGP affects around 45% of individuals during
2442:
Lozano, Rafael; Naghavi, Mohsen; Foreman, Kyle; Lim, Stephen; Shibuya, Kenji; Aboyans, Victor; Abraham, Jerry; Adair, Timothy; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Ahn, Stephanie Y; AlMazroa, Mohammad A; Alvarado, Miriam; Anderson, H Ross; Anderson, Laurie M; Andrews, Kathryn G (2012-12-15).
96:
Common complications of pregnancy include anemia, gestational diabetes, infections, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. Presence of these types of complications can have implications on monitoring lab work, imaging, and medical management during pregnancy.
704:
strange maternal feelings or postpartum treatment regarding complications of childbirth. Such parents would require more than empathy; generally, adequate medical programs should be considered for parents having such unbearable grief. Along with psychiatric help,
1361:
994:) are among those commonly seen in infection of newborns. Furthermore, vaccination, commitment to safe birth practices, and prenatal screening and treatment of infections are also strategic measures that can help reduce the risk of newborn infections.
223:+/- doxylamine, antihistamines, dopamine antagonists, and serotonin antagonists. Third-line treatments include corticosteroids, transdermal clonidine, and gabapentin. Treatments chosen are dependent on severity of symptoms and response to therapies.
1268:: Unintended pregnancies preclude preconception care and delays prenatal care. They preclude other preventive care, may disrupt life plans and on average have worse health and psychological outcomes for the mother and, if birth occurs, the child.
415:(UN) estimates, approximately half of pregnant individuals develop anemia worldwide. Anemia prevalences during pregnancy differed from 18% in developed countries to 75% in South Asia; culminating to a global rate of 38% of pregnancies worldwide.
794:
is primarily diagnosed by ultrasound, either during a routine examination or following an episode of abnormal vaginal bleeding, often in the second trimester of pregnancy. Most diagnosis of placenta previa occurs during the second-trimester.
2387:"Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011: a systematic analysis of population-representative data"
1354:
1347:
772:
Risk factors: Prior abruption, smoking, trauma, cocaine use, multifetal gestation, hypertension, preeclampsia, thrombophilias, advanced maternal age, preterm premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine infections, and
7586:
6312:
6293:
7390:
3237:
Villar J, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM, Meraldi M, Lindheimer MD, Betran AP, Piaggio G (2003). "Eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: a health problem for 2000 years.". In
Critchly H, MacLean A, Poston L, Walker J (eds.).
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if the fetus is mature (36 weeks or older), or if a younger fetus or the mother is in distress. In less severe cases with immature fetuses, the situation may be monitored in hospital, with treatment if
688:
Missed: Vaginal bleeding occurs and some products of conception may have passed through the cervix; the cervical os is closed and ultrasound shows a nonviable fetus and remaining products of conception.
336:
compared to women with normal blood pressure who had no complications in pregnancy. Monitoring pregnant women's blood pressure can help prevent both complications and future cardiovascular diseases.
4800:
1258:
factors: Generally speaking, unmarried individuals and those in lower socioeconomic groups experience an increased level of risk in pregnancy, due at least in part to lack of access to appropriate
2385:
Stevens, Gretchen A; Finucane, Mariel M; De-Regil, Luz Maria; Paciorek, Christopher J; Flaxman, Seth R; Branca, Francesco; Peña-Rosas, Juan Pablo; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Ezzati, Majid (2013-07-01).
2508:
Liu, Li; Johnson, Hope L; Cousens, Simon; Perin, Jamie; Scott, Susana; Lawn, Joy E; Rudan, Igor; Campbell, Harry; Cibulskis, Richard; Li, Mengying; Mathers, Colin; Black, Robert E (2012-06-09).
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discomfort and pain. Hence, though symptom severity variance and precipitous placental separation are not relevant, they can still cause the diagnosis and clinical management to be complicated.
2314:
2289:
1298:
Prolonged effects of chronic stressors such as discrimination, intimate partner violence, housing issues, and poverty lead to widespread maternal health issues and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
529:
associated with the development of this complication include maternal age over 30 years, multi gestational pregnancy, family history of cardiomyopathy, previous diagnosis of cardiomyopathy,
28:
7579:
2294:
7572:
813:
is an abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall. Specifically, placenta accreta involves abnormal adherence of the placental trophoblast to the uterine myometrium.
93:. While some complications improve or are fully resolved after pregnancy, some may lead to lasting effects, morbidity, or in the most severe cases, maternal or fetal mortality.
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8283:
2283:
658:
is the loss of a pregnancy prior to 20 weeks. In the UK, miscarriage is defined as the loss of a pregnancy during the first 23 weeks. Comprehensive support, consists of the
3515:
1929:
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Thompson JF, Roberts CL, Currie M, Ellwood DA (June 2002). "Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth".
3653:
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670:
Approximately 80% of pregnancy loss occurs in the first trimester, with a decrease in risk after 12 weeks gestation. Some variables, such as the mother's being older or
750:
1976:
108:(puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by 31% of women.
3590:
Sarkar, Monika; Brady, Carla W.; Fleckenstein, Jaquelyn; Forde, Kimberly A.; Khungar, Vandana; Molleston, Jean P.; Afshar, Yalda; Terrault, Norah A. (January 2021).
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719:
Clinical presentation: Fetal behavioral changes like decreased movements or a loss in fetal sensation may indicate stillbirth, but the presentation can vary greatly.
7395:
1039:
are at an increased risk for complications in the fetus and during pregnancy and childbirth. Complications for those 45 or older include increased risk of primary
4125:
574:. This complication is treated by iodine supplementation, levothyroxine which is a form of thyroid hormone replacement, and close monitoring of thyroid function.
2837:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"
1914:
725:
Treatment: If fetal passing occurs before labor, treatment options include induced labor or cesarean section. Otherwise, stillbirths can pass with natural birth.
1141:
Multiple pregnancies: Individuals who have had greater than five previous pregnancies face increased risks of rapid labor and excessive bleeding after delivery.
2299:
2278:
917:. For many infections, the baby is more at risk at particular stages of pregnancy. Problems related to perinatal infection are not always directly noticeable.
431:
5217:"Barriers and facilitators of maternal healthcare utilisation in the perinatal period among women with social disadvantage: A theory-guided systematic review"
2445:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
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5301:
638:
must be carried out to remove the fetus, along with the fallopian tube. If the pregnancy is very early, it may resolve on its own, or it can be treated with
7837:
5076:
2309:
2172:
4792:
2722:
Glazener CM, Abdalla M, Stroud P, Naji S, Templeton A, Russell IT (April 1995). "Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment".
4636:
2021:
5469:
Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T (1 March 2014). "Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location".
2563:. Charles R. B. Beckmann, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (6th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.
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Odendaal, Hein; Wright, Colleen; Schubert, Pawel; Boyd, Theonia K.; Roberts, Drucilla J.; Brink, Lucy; Nel, Daan; Groenewald, Coen (October 2020).
3641:
Venös tromboembolism (VTE) – Guidelines for treatment in C counties. Bengt
Wahlström, Emergency department, Uppsala Academic Hospital. January 2008
3253:
Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L (September 2013). "Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review".
2687:
801:
Risk
Factors: prior cesarean delivery, pregnancy termination, intrauterine surgery, smoking, multifetal gestation, increasing parity, maternal age.
359:
Deep vein thrombosis, a form of venous thromboembolism, has an incidence of 0.5 to 7 per 1,000 pregnancies, and is the second most common cause of
5112:
1320:
Some disorders and conditions can mean that pregnancy is considered high-risk (about 6-8% of pregnancies in the USA) and in extreme cases may be
3551:"Association Between Chronic Hypertension and the Risk of 12 Cardiovascular Diseases Among Parous Women: The Role of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes"
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Koniak-Griffin D, Turner-Pluta C (September 2001). "Health risks and psychosocial outcomes of early childbearing: a review of the literature".
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4187:
418:
Treatment varies due to the severity of the anaemia, and can be used by increasing iron containing foods, oral iron tablets or by the use of
215:
is the presence of severe and persistent vomiting, causing dehydration and weight loss. It is similar although more severe than the common
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463:
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36:
810 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. 94% occur in low and lower middle-income countries.
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Due to abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall, cesarean delivery is often indicated, as well as cesarean hysterectomy.
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8317:
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4894:"Recurrence of pre-eclampsia and the risk of future hypertension and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
5373:"Defining venous thromboembolism and measuring its incidence using Swedish health registries: a nationwide pregnancy cohort study"
3468:"Impact of Chronic Hypertension and Antihypertensive Treatment on Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
7552:
7428:
5168:"Patterns of methamphetamine use during pregnancy: results from the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle (IDEAL) Study"
1003:
related to the individual's genetics, physical or mental health, their environment and social issues, or a combination of those.
797:
Treatments are adapted according to their severity and the mother's state of health, from strict monitoring to cesarean section.
685:
Inevitable: Vaginal bleeding occurs; the cervical os is closed indicating that conception products will pass in the near future.
7466:
2510:"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000"
2362:
4210:"Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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571:
139:
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du Fossé, Nadia A; van der Hoorn, Marie-Louise P; van Lith, Jan M M; le Cessie, Saskia; Lashley, Eileen E L O (2020-05-02).
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5709:"Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy: Overview, Rupture of the Unscarred Uterus, Previous Uterine Myomectomy and Uterine Rupture"
316:
is sometimes included in the pre-eclamptic spectrum. It occurs in approximately one in 7,000 to one in 15,000 pregnancies.
8620:
7400:
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1138:
Risks arising from previous pregnancies: Complications experienced during a previous pregnancy are more likely to recur.
1889:
pre-existing and concurrent conditions may have great impact on pregnancy, they are not included in the following list.
115:
resulted globally in 230,600 deaths, down from 377,000 deaths in 1990. The most common causes of maternal mortality are
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5627:"Interventions for helping to turn term breech babies to head first presentation when using external cephalic version"
5029:"Consumption of Alcohol Beverages and Binge Drinking Among Pregnant Women Aged 18-44 Years - United States, 2015-2017"
4857:
Bayrampour H, Heaman M (September 2010). "Advanced maternal age and the risk of cesarean birth: a systematic review".
3592:"Reproductive Health and Liver Disease: Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases"
332:. Women who have high blood pressure and had complications in their pregnancy have three times the risk of developing
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1332:. Serious pre-existing disorders which can reduce a woman's physical ability to survive pregnancy include a range of
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1115:
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can develop after 20 weeks but has no other symptoms, and later rights itself, but it can develop into pre-eclampsia.
260:
124:
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Low weight: Individuals whose pre-pregnancy weight is less than 45.5 kilograms (100 pounds) are more likely to have
682:
Complete: Vaginal bleeding occurs followed by the complete passing of conception products through the cervix.
8262:
6738:
4892:
Brouwers L, van der Meiden-van Roest AJ, Savelkoul C, Vogelvang TE, Lely AT, Franx A, van Rijn BB (December 2018).
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or reproductive organs, some of which are listed above) and diseases acquired at any time during the woman's life.
878:
514:
166:
The following problems originate in the mother, however, they may have serious consequences for the fetus as well.
6019:
5324:"Maternal depressive symptoms, depression, and psychiatric medication use in relation to risk of preterm delivery"
765:
works. Collaboration between healthcare providers and patients is the core of the outcomes of placenta abruption.
716:
Epidemiology: There are over 2 million stillbirths a year and there are about 6 stillbirths per 1000 births (0.6%)
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Borders N (2006). "After the afterbirth: a critical review of postpartum health relative to method of delivery".
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371:
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Abdul Sultan A, West J, Stephansson O, Grainge MJ, Tata LJ, Fleming KM, Humes D, Ludvigsson JF (November 2015).
678:. Spontaneous abortions can be further categorized into complete, inevitable, missed, and threatened abortions:
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5297:
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1200:
1051:: Pregnancy in individuals whose height is less than 1.5 meters (5 feet) correlates with a higher incidence of
313:
7966:
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7456:
7354:
3834:
2132:
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459:
86:
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O - other infections (i.e. Parvovirus B19, Coxsackievirus, Chickenpox, Chlamydia, HIV, HTLV, syphilis, Zika)
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Several contributors may result in placental abruption. This includes: pre-existing maternal factors (e.g.,
8530:
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7878:
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Absolute and relative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy and the postpartum period
1131:
969:
385:
4662:"A comparison of recent guidelines in the diagnosis and management of placenta accreta spectrum disorders"
4321:
1021:: Young mothers are at an increased risk of developing certain complications, including preterm birth and
722:
Risk factors: Maternal weight, age, and smoking, as well as pre-existing maternal diabetes or hypertension
320:
Women who have chronic hypertension before their pregnancy are at increased risk of complications such as
280:. Severe pre-eclampsia involves a BP over 160/110 (with additional signs). It affects 5–8% of pregnancies.
8046:
7564:
6962:
6905:
6469:
4584:
Hung TH, Shau WY, Hsieh CC, Chiu TH, Hsu JJ, Hsieh TT (April 1999). "Risk factors for placenta accreta".
3516:"Pregnancy complications increase the risk of heart attacks and stroke in women with high blood pressure"
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2006:
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2611:"The Experience of Anaemia and Ingesting Oral Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study"
2142:
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1118:, or an acquired disease: A disease and condition not necessarily directly caused by the pregnancy.
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3138:"Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: Terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence"
2347:
2066:
1894:
1374:
Absolute incidence of first VTE per 10,000 person–years during pregnancy and the postpartum period
1240:
691:
Threatened: Vaginal bleeding occurs; the cervical os is closed and ultrasound shows a viable fetus.
554:
289:
6216:
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Al Khalaf SY, O'Reilly ÉJ, Barrett PM, B Leite DF, Pawley LC, McCarthy FP, Khashan AS (May 2021).
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Mjahed K, Charra B, Hamoudi D, Noun M, Barrou L (October 2006). "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy".
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Risk factors include untreated pelvic inflammatory disease, likely due to fallopian tube scarring.
150:
is a fairly common mild symptom of pregnancy that generally resolves in the second trimester, but
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2016:
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53:
6219:. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision
3709:
Wang S, An L, Cochran SD (2002). "Women". In Detels R, McEwen J, Beaglehole R, Tanaka H (eds.).
1147:(having more than one fetus in a single pregnancy): These individuals have an increased risk of
924:
refers to a set of several different infections that may be caused by transplacental infection:
8502:
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2237:
2182:
2102:
1186:
914:
664:
344:
333:
212:
151:
3723:
1291:
An elevated level of stress during pregnancy leads to notorious pregnancy outcomes, including
769:
Clinical
Presentation: Varies widely from asymptomatic to vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain.
8425:
8204:
8199:
7651:
7344:
7146:
6950:
6625:
3314:
2262:
2217:
1971:
1246:
1032:
1028:
977:
973:
675:
618:
474:
due to an enlarging uterus. Pregnant individuals are more severely affected by, for example,
248:
155:
120:
104:
are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US, and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada. In the immediate
5166:
Della Grotta S, LaGasse LL, Arria AM, Derauf C, Grant P, Smith LM, et al. (July 2010).
3789:
Kaufmann R, Foxman B (1991). "Mastitis among lactating women: occurrence and risk factors".
3288:
3136:
Wu WH, Meijer OG, Uegaki K, Mens JM, van Dieën JH, Wuisman PI, Ostgaard HC (November 2004).
960:
intervening and to the maternal genital tract. Because of this, blood-borne microorganisms (
712:, which should be useful in the process of assisting parents who have lost their children.
8566:
8512:
8209:
8078:
7973:
7794:
7769:
7359:
7310:
6630:
6620:
6548:
6543:
6518:
6503:
6498:
4992:
Williams PM, Fletcher S (September 2010). "Health effects of prenatal radiation exposure".
3417:
Reyes H, Sandoval L, Wainstein A, Ribalta J, Donoso S, Smok G, et al. (January 1994).
2247:
2122:
2097:
2031:
1966:
1265:
1091:
985:
910:
635:
348:
174:
146:
or pose any significant threat to the health of the birthing person or fetus. For example,
4460:
Oyelese Y, Smulian JC (April 2006). "Placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa".
8:
8594:
8535:
8466:
8399:
8245:
8189:
8083:
8012:
7997:
7978:
7827:
7641:
6863:
6820:
6785:
6692:
6672:
6316:
5077:"Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy"
4622:
Risk
Factors, Pattern and Outcome of Third Trimester Bleeding in a Tertiary Care Hospital
4423:"Associations of maternal smoking and drinking with fetal growth and placental abruption"
2319:
2187:
2152:
1996:
1904:
1325:
1204:
1126:
1095:
1036:
734:
398:
154:
is a severe form of this symptom that sometimes requires medical intervention to prevent
90:
5708:
5661:
5626:
2835:
Naghavi, Mohsen; et al. (GBD 2016 Causes of Death
Collaborators) (September 2017).
2485:
2081:
909:
in the mother are very dangerous for the developing embryo or fetus. This can result in
8381:
8219:
8174:
8149:
8114:
7961:
7951:
7646:
7461:
7190:
7044:
6815:
6800:
6067:
6042:
6041:
Harden CL, Hopp J, Ting TY, Pennell PB, French JA, Hauser WA, et al. (July 2009).
5865:
5848:
5397:
5372:
5348:
5323:
5264:
5192:
5167:
5053:
5028:
5009:
4918:
4893:
4839:
4735:
4700:
4566:
4485:
4473:
4403:
4391:
4360:
4303:
4290:
4263:
4230:
4075:
4062:
4035:
4016:
3961:
3891:
3766:
3741:
3686:
3531:
3492:
3467:
3443:
3418:
3399:
3344:
3219:
3162:
3137:
3118:
3000:
2973:
2861:
2836:
2747:
2735:
2586:
2419:
2324:
2252:
2107:
2056:
2041:
1272:
1172:
1103:
884:
659:
491:
467:
449:
352:
231:
138:
Complications of pregnancy can sometimes arise from abnormally severe presentations of
4597:
3567:
3550:
3522:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 2023-11-21.
2902:
2885:
2852:
2525:
2460:
2402:
1336:(that is, conditions with which the woman herself was born, for example, those of the
8453:
8371:
8340:
8124:
8096:
8056:
8051:
7986:
7860:
7661:
7636:
7604:
7281:
7200:
7124:
7102:
6615:
6533:
6384:
6248:
6072:
5870:
5666:
5486:
5402:
5353:
5271:
5266:
The best intentions: unintended pregnancy and the well-being of children and families
5244:
5236:
5215:
Grand-Guillaume-Perrenoud, Jean
Anthony; Origlia, Paola; Cignacco, Eva (2022-02-01).
5197:
5058:
5001:
4974:
4923:
4874:
4870:
4831:
4827:
4740:
4722:
4681:
4601:
4558:
4520:
4477:
4442:
4395:
4352:
4295:
4235:
4155:
4079:
4067:
4008:
3965:
3953:
3895:
3883:
3816:
3802:
3771:
3691:
3673:
3619:
3611:
3572:
3535:
3497:
3448:
3391:
3349:
3270:
3211:
3167:
3110:
3075:
3040:
3005:
2917:
2866:
2817:
2782:
2778:
2739:
2640:
2632:
2574:
2564:
2537:
2529:
2490:
2472:
2424:
2406:
2267:
2212:
1950:
1939:
1899:
1684:
Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of first VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum period
1333:
1064:
1040:
1018:
957:
594:
201:
178:
116:
112:
105:
101:
41:
6325:
6321:
5013:
4843:
4570:
4489:
4020:
3403:
3223:
3122:
3036:
2884:
Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, Tunçalp Ö, Moller AB, Daniels J, et al. (June 2014).
2751:
639:
8497:
8007:
7946:
7678:
6843:
6610:
6605:
6062:
6054:
5860:
5656:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5478:
5392:
5384:
5343:
5335:
5228:
5187:
5179:
5048:
5040:
4964:
4954:
4913:
4905:
4866:
4823:
4730:
4712:
4673:
4593:
4550:
4512:
4469:
4434:
4387:
4364:
4344:
4307:
4285:
4275:
4264:"Maternal smoking and the risk of still birth: systematic review and meta-analysis"
4225:
4217:
4057:
4047:
4000:
3945:
3873:
3806:
3798:
3761:
3753:
3681:
3665:
3603:
3562:
3523:
3487:
3479:
3438:
3430:
3383:
3339:
3329:
3262:
3201:
3157:
3149:
3102:
3067:
3032:
2995:
2985:
2907:
2897:
2856:
2848:
2809:
2774:
2731:
2622:
2521:
2480:
2464:
2456:
2414:
2398:
1934:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1022:
989:
810:
790:
705:
307:
299:
216:
194:
147:
128:
4891:
4677:
4503:
Wortman AC, Alexander JM (March 2013). "Placenta accreta, increta, and percreta".
4407:
8412:
8386:
8162:
8129:
7918:
7903:
7683:
7339:
7195:
7059:
7017:
6878:
6853:
6777:
6667:
6649:
6595:
6479:
6336:
6058:
4438:
4348:
3949:
3669:
3266:
2627:
2610:
2207:
2001:
1955:
1944:
1919:
1321:
1236:
1232:
1208:
1148:
1144:
890:
866:
538:
419:
388:
may be indicated when there are additional risk factors for deep vein thrombosis.
6348:
5388:
3419:"Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: a clinical study of 12 episodes in 11 patients"
2509:
2444:
2386:
817:
presence of a uterine scar leading to abnormal decidualization of the placenta.
8507:
8257:
8167:
8063:
7923:
7912:
7852:
7730:
7382:
7209:
7185:
7129:
7007:
7002:
6992:
6980:
6858:
6642:
6513:
6459:
5232:
4147:
3878:
3861:
3527:
2813:
2334:
2329:
2112:
2076:
2061:
834:
829:
622:
559:
483:
471:
412:
360:
295:
7391:
The
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
5339:
5183:
4717:
4516:
4280:
4004:
3387:
3153:
3071:
8614:
8599:
8139:
8109:
7842:
7725:
7420:
7334:
7295:
7271:
7180:
7064:
6997:
6868:
6772:
6733:
6590:
6425:
5240:
4726:
4221:
3677:
3615:
3591:
3206:
3189:
2636:
2578:
2533:
2476:
2410:
2157:
2036:
1292:
1259:
1255:
1218:
1052:
921:
902:
838:
643:
607:
567:
530:
374:
as a physiological response in preparation for the potential bleeding during
321:
269:
182:
6306:
6302:
5482:
4909:
3549:
Al Khalaf S, Chappell LC, Khashan AS, McCarthy FP, O'Reilly ÉJ (July 2023).
3483:
8581:
8576:
8548:
8376:
8353:
8134:
8068:
7249:
7244:
6985:
6885:
6830:
6558:
6437:
6432:
6076:
5670:
5490:
5406:
5357:
5248:
5201:
5062:
5044:
5005:
4978:
4927:
4878:
4835:
4744:
4685:
4605:
4562:
4524:
4481:
4446:
4399:
4356:
4299:
4239:
4159:
4071:
4012:
3957:
3887:
3775:
3695:
3623:
3576:
3501:
3395:
3353:
3274:
3215:
3171:
3114:
3079:
3044:
3009:
2990:
2921:
2912:
2870:
2821:
2786:
2644:
2541:
2494:
2428:
1986:
1981:
1960:
1337:
1222:
1099:
1070:
1060:
1048:
854:
850:
746:
709:
534:
303:
235:
7594:
5651:
4554:
3820:
3757:
3452:
3334:
2743:
2558:
8435:
8430:
8073:
7822:
7774:
7707:
7688:
7673:
7239:
7175:
7012:
6955:
6895:
6890:
6728:
6677:
6538:
4620:
4209:
4052:
3811:
3434:
3023:
Summers A (July 2012). "Emergency management of hyperemesis gravidarum".
2026:
1909:
961:
862:
655:
510:, or inflammation of the breast, occurs in 20% of lactating individuals.
479:
462:
to prevent an immune reaction against the fetus, as well as secondary to
442:
286:– seizures in a pre-eclamptic patient, affect around 1.4% of pregnancies.
273:
238:
in the area between the posterior iliac crest and gluteal fold beginning
63:
6380:
6285:
5874:
5214:
4427:
European
Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
2615:
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
1211:. Also, it increases the odds of the baby being born prematurely by 30%.
242:
caused by instability and limitation of mobility. It is associated with
8295:
7693:
7600:
6637:
6577:
6508:
5625:
Cluver C, Gyte GM, Sinclair M, Dowswell T, Hofmeyr GJ (February 2015).
2468:
2202:
2071:
2011:
1924:
1087:
953:
945:
700:
542:
408:
375:
329:
239:
82:
46:
4959:
4942:
4207:
3607:
3106:
1249:: Possibly associated with adverse effects on the child later in life.
8335:
7737:
7596:
7027:
6900:
6760:
6750:
6585:
6563:
6490:
4969:
1991:
503:
475:
455:
438:
283:
197:
186:
78:
3860:
Davis MB, Arany Z, McNamara DM, Goland S, Elkayam U (January 2020).
3255:
European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
2974:"Gestational Diabetes: Overview with Emphasis on Medical Management"
7631:
7410:
7227:
7141:
7119:
7039:
6940:
6848:
6755:
6682:
6600:
6420:
5432:
4943:"Risk of recurrent stillbirth: systematic review and meta-analysis"
4666:
Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
3465:
3093:
Austin K, Wilson K, Saha S (April 2019). "Hyperemesis Gravidarum".
2137:
2087:
1107:
898:
894:
583:
507:
499:
132:
5370:
2609:
O'Toole, F.E; Hokey, E.; McAuliffe, F.M; Walsh, J.M (2024-06-01).
193:
during pregnancy which leads to increased insulin production from
7936:
7329:
7300:
7276:
7258:
7054:
7034:
2978:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
1303:
1162:
Some common environmental risk factors during pregnancy include:
906:
842:
742:
495:
487:
190:
4701:"Infections and Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Child Health"
4541:
Silver RM, Branch DW (April 2018). "Placenta Accreta Spectrum".
3917:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
3548:
2695:
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC)
89:, and problems that occur primarily after childbirth are termed
8358:
7940:
7167:
7049:
6873:
6795:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6297:
3650:
2384:
5165:
3315:"The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. A Review"
2608:
1295:, low birth weight, and mental health problems for the mother.
1063:, which can result in such complications during childbirth as
893:, they depend on the immune function of their mother. Several
749:, advanced age), as well as pregnancy-related factors such as
265:
Potential severe hypertensive states of pregnancy are mainly:
7899:
7870:
7703:
6929:
6464:
6415:
5137:"New Mother Fact Sheet: Methamphetamine Use During Pregnancy"
4335:
Page JM, Silver RM (April 2018). "Evaluation of stillbirth".
3416:
981:
949:
777:
277:
7838:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
5849:"Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy: antenatal prophylaxis"
4940:
4378:
Oyelese Y, Ananth CV (October 2006). "Placental abruption".
3589:
2886:"Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis"
2834:
2764:
621:, advanced maternal age, and prior surgery or trauma to the
7134:
4699:
Kumar, Manoj; Saadaoui, Marwa; Al Khodor, Souhaila (2022).
3724:
https://www.cell.com/immunity/pdf/S1074-7613(22)00184-4.pdf
3713:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1587–601.
2272:
586:, but may have serious consequences on the mother as well.
5977:
5624:
4941:
Lamont K, Scott NW, Jones GT, Bhattacharya S (June 2015).
4813:
4420:
4261:
3236:
1059:. Also, these individuals are more likely to have a small
6945:
6184:
6182:
4625:(masters thesis). Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore.
3862:"Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: JACC State-of-the-Art Review"
3654:"Recommendations for Pregnancy in Rare Inherited Anemias"
2721:
965:
760:
The implementation of preventive measures, which include
570:, impaired neurointellectual development, and if severe,
111:
In 2016, complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the
77:
are health problems that are related to, or arise during
7396:
Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
5767:
5765:
4262:
Marufu TC, Ahankari A, Coleman T, Lewis S (March 2015).
3936:
Sullivan SA (June 2019). "Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy".
3859:
5846:
5321:
5144:
3373:
3312:
3058:
Goodwin TM (September 2008). "Hyperemesis gravidarum".
2441:
1309:
are direct outcomes of pregnancy and health situations.
1082:
High weight: Obese individuals are more likely to have
944:
Babies can also become infected by their mother during
310:. Incidence is reported as 0.5–0.9% of all pregnancies.
100:
Severe complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the
6179:
6167:
6155:
6143:
6131:
6119:
6107:
6095:
6083:
5989:
5965:
5953:
5941:
5929:
5917:
5905:
5893:
5881:
5847:
Bowman JM, Chown B, Lewis M, Pollock JM (March 1978).
5828:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5806:
5804:
4698:
3252:
2507:
432:
Susceptibility and severity of infections in pregnancy
7086:
6040:
5789:
5777:
5762:
5750:
5738:
5726:
5689:
5677:
5606:
5594:
5582:
4659:
3993:
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
2883:
6275:
5570:
5558:
5546:
5497:
5450:
5413:
4660:
Jauniaux, E.; Kingdom, J. C.; Silver, R. M. (2021).
3187:
2173:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy
411:
are lower in the third trimesters. According to the
142:, which usually do not significantly interfere with
5801:
5509:
5468:
5027:Denny CH, Acero CS, Naimi TS, Kim SY (April 2019).
4807:
3739:
3313:Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U (February 2009).
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
1883:
1090:. Obesity also increases the chances of developing
58:
Numerous biological and environmental complications
5263:
5026:
4505:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
3735:
3733:
3731:
3135:
3060:Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
2967:
2965:
2963:
517:, meaning that they can affect the child as well.
8180:Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder
6378:
4583:
2971:
177:is when a woman, without a previous diagnosis of
8612:
5437:National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
4991:
4856:
4705:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
4502:
4322:"Stillbirth - Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics"
3092:
2928:
2659:"Severe Maternal Morbidity in the United States"
2604:
2602:
458:. This increased risk is caused by an increased
454:A pregnant woman is more susceptible to certain
68:Numerous biological and environmental conditions
6034:
5322:Gavin AR, Holzman C, Siefert K, Tian Y (2009).
5097:
4816:The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing
4154:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
3728:
2960:
948:. During birth, babies are exposed to maternal
872:
577:
5261:
5069:
4459:
4337:Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
3788:
3740:Kourtis AP, Read JS, Jamieson DJ (June 2014).
3086:
1328:are the main focus of doctors specialising in
8311:
7580:
6364:
4377:
4094:"Ectopic pregnancy – Treatment – NHS Choices"
3983:
3866:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
3708:
2793:
2724:British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
2599:
1355:
1011:Some common biological risk factors include:
889:Since the embryo and fetus have little or no
582:The following problems occur in the fetus or
5364:
5270:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
4540:
3188:Walters C, West S, A Nippita T (July 2018).
3129:
2758:
520:
81:. Complications that occur primarily during
5631:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5033:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
3051:
2715:
1199:During pregnancy, causes twice the risk of
8318:
8304:
7587:
7573:
7447:International Center for Research on Women
6371:
6357:
6245:Williams manual of pregnancy complications
6211:
6209:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6197:
5255:
5109:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5084:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4334:
4145:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3306:
1362:
1348:
849:. Monochorionic multiples may even become
27:
6066:
6006:
6004:
5864:
5660:
5650:
5396:
5347:
5191:
5052:
4968:
4958:
4917:
4734:
4716:
4289:
4279:
4229:
4061:
4051:
3913:"Thyroid Disease & Pregnancy | NIDDK"
3877:
3810:
3765:
3685:
3566:
3491:
3472:Journal of the American Heart Association
3442:
3343:
3333:
3205:
3161:
3016:
2999:
2989:
2972:Lende M, Rijhsinghani A (December 2020).
2911:
2901:
2860:
2802:Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
2626:
2484:
2418:
1086:, potentially increasing difficulties in
674:, possess a higher likelihood of causing
339:
207:
8325:
5290:
4618:
3984:Taylor PN, Lazarus JH (September 2019).
3935:
1185:Alcohol: Use during pregnancy can cause
602:This phenomenon is often accompanied by
6194:
5529:"Pregnancy Loss: Condition Information"
5298:"Family Planning - Healthy People 2020"
5131:
5129:
4793:"Risk factors present before pregnancy"
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4776:
3835:"What infections can affect pregnancy?"
3630:
3281:
3242:. London: RCOG Press. pp. 189–207.
3057:
3022:
2799:
997:
901:and cause (perinatal) infection. Often
823:
363:in developed countries after bleeding.
169:
8613:
6242:
6188:
6173:
6161:
6149:
6137:
6125:
6113:
6101:
6089:
6001:
5995:
5983:
5971:
5959:
5947:
5935:
5923:
5911:
5899:
5887:
5834:
5822:
5795:
5783:
5771:
5756:
5744:
5732:
5695:
5683:
5612:
5600:
5588:
5576:
5564:
5552:
5515:
5503:
5456:
5419:
5159:
4033:
3907:
3905:
3367:
3194:Australian Journal of General Practice
2380:
2378:
2363:Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition
1315:
729:
254:
8299:
7818:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
7785:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
7568:
7166:
6352:
5433:"Chromosome Abnormalities Fact Sheet"
4536:
4534:
4257:
4255:
3995:. Pregnancy and Endocrine Disorders.
3979:
3977:
3975:
3410:
3376:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
3183:
3181:
2688:"Severe Maternal Morbidity in Canada"
2553:
2551:
2315:Pregnancy-related peripheral neuritis
2290:Abnormality of maternal pelvic organs
2178:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
572:congenital iodine deficiency syndrome
226:
140:symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy
7884:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
7535:
7429:Office of Research on Women's Health
5853:Canadian Medical Association Journal
5126:
4773:
2128:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
617:: Unknown, but risk factors include
589:
384:: Prophylactic treatment, e.g. with
372:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
161:
7547:
7467:Society for Women's Health Research
7401:International Day of the Girl Child
4765:. US National Library of Medicine.
4543:The New England Journal of Medicine
3902:
3746:The New England Journal of Medicine
2375:
1041:Caesarean delivery (i.e. C-section)
865:. In very rare cases, there may be
805:
490:. The evidence is more limited for
13:
7833:Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy
7511:Birth control in the United States
6235:
4531:
4474:10.1097/01.AOG.0000207559.15715.98
4392:10.1097/01.aog.0000239439.04364.9a
4252:
3972:
3938:Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
3289:"High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy"
3178:
2736:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09132.x
2548:
2233:Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
785:
204:, and medication such as insulin.
125:hypertensive diseases of pregnancy
14:
8637:
8091:Pain management during childbirth
8018:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
7406:Commission on the Status of Women
6416:External female genitalia (vulva)
6263:
6247:. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
5172:Maternal and Child Health Journal
5141:North Dakota Department of Health
4797:Merck Manual Home Health Handbook
4790:
3568:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20628
3190:"Pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy"
2228:Gestational trophoblastic disease
2223:Twin to Twin transfusion syndrome
2093:Gestational trophoblastic disease
1233:Prenatal methamphetamine exposure
1116:Pre-existing disease in pregnancy
847:twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
606:(pelvic inflammatory disease) or
548:
261:Hypertensive disease of pregnancy
8277:
8276:
8263:Sexual activity during pregnancy
7546:
7534:
7523:
7522:
6739:Assisted reproductive technology
6379:
5840:
5105:"Substance Use During Pregnancy"
4871:10.1111/j.1523-536X.2010.00409.x
4828:10.1097/00005237-200109000-00002
4803:from the original on 2013-06-01.
4769:from the original on 2013-08-13.
3711:Oxford Textbook of Public Health
3363:from the original on 2011-11-12.
2779:10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x
2148:Vertically transmitted infection
1884:List of complications (complete)
1157:
879:Vertically transmitted infection
6705:Breastfeeding and mental health
5701:
5618:
5521:
5462:
5425:
5315:
5304:from the original on 2010-12-28
5208:
5115:from the original on 2013-10-29
5020:
4985:
4934:
4885:
4850:
4751:
4692:
4653:
4629:
4612:
4577:
4496:
4453:
4414:
4371:
4328:
4314:
4201:
4190:from the original on 2017-02-15
4172:
4139:
4128:from the original on 2016-11-14
4110:
4086:
4027:
3929:
3853:
3827:
3782:
3717:
3702:
3644:
3583:
3542:
3508:
3459:
3246:
3230:
3037:10.7748/en2012.07.20.4.24.c9206
2877:
2828:
2669:from the original on 2015-06-29
2163:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
1191:fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
7765:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
5643:10.1002/14651858.CD000184.pub4
5262:Eisenberg L, Brown SH (1995).
4759:"Health problems in pregnancy"
3095:Nutrition in Clinical Practice
2680:
2651:
2501:
2435:
2295:Postpartum acute renal failure
2243:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
2118:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
2052:Premature rupture of membranes
1201:premature rupture of membranes
1122:Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
650:
464:maternal physiological changes
314:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
1:
7967:Prelabor rupture of membranes
7355:Social determinants of health
4678:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.06.007
4598:10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00460-8
3986:"Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy"
3791:Social Science & Medicine
2903:10.1016/s2214-109x(14)70227-x
2853:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32152-9
2526:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60560-1
2461:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61728-0
2403:10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70001-9
2368:
2133:Immune tolerance in pregnancy
1836: Early postpartum
1626: Early postpartum
1006:
968:), organisms associated with
695:
460:immune tolerance in pregnancy
87:obstetric labor complications
8531:Obstetric labor complication
8246:Systemic lupus erythematosus
7897:Maternal care related to the
7879:Gestational thrombocytopenia
7350:Gender disparities in health
6688:Mother-to-child transmission
6272:, World Health Organization.
6059:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a6b2f8
6012:"Public Education Pamphlets"
4439:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.018
4349:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000441
3950:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000432
3803:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90024-7
3670:10.1097/HS9.0000000000000446
3322:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
3267:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005
2628:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.03.005
2358:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
2284:Pruritic urticarial papaules
2168:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
1853: Late postpartum
1655: Late postpartum
1132:Thyroid disease in pregnancy
970:sexually transmitted disease
873:Mother-to-child transmission
660:consultation of the genomics
578:Fetal and placental problems
425:
386:low molecular weight heparin
272:– gestational hypertension,
7:
8047:Cephalopelvic disproportion
6963:Pelvic inflammatory disease
6906:Hormone replacement therapy
6470:Reproductive system disease
5389:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008864
4799:. Merck Sharp & Dohme.
4637:"Placenta Accreta Spectrum"
2341:
2198:Cephalopelvic disproportion
1930:Abnormal labor and delivery
10:
8642:
8621:Health issues in pregnancy
8526:Complications of pregnancy
8158:Breastfeeding difficulties
7957:Constriction ring syndrome
7931:Braxton Hicks contractions
7457:Black Women's Health Study
6524:Complications of pregnancy
5233:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103237
4146:Dugas C, Slane VH (2022).
3879:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.014
3528:10.3310/nihrevidence_60660
2814:10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.10.014
2007:Fetal-to-mother hemorrhage
1227:attention deficit disorder
882:
876:
859:umbilical cord compression
827:
552:
447:
429:
396:
258:
144:activities of daily living
75:Complications of pregnancy
22:Complications of pregnancy
8590:
8572:Connective tissue disease
8557:
8544:
8521:
8493:
8475:
8462:
8444:
8421:
8408:
8395:
8367:
8349:
8331:
8271:
8228:
8195:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
8185:Pubic symphysis diastasis
8148:
8032:
7896:
7869:
7851:
7793:
7755:
7746:
7702:
7620:
7611:
7518:
7475:
7434:Women's Health Initiative
7419:
7381:
7372:
7321:
7287:Major depressive disorder
7155:
7115:Intimate partner violence
7077:
6976:Female genital mutilation
6971:
6920:
6829:
6771:
6717:
6663:
6576:
6489:
6478:
6404:
6391:
6279:
5471:Human Reproduction Update
5340:10.1016/j.whi.2009.05.004
5184:10.1007/s10995-009-0491-0
4994:American Family Physician
4718:10.3389/fcimb.2022.873253
4619:Anuselvi, M. (May 2022).
4586:Obstetrics and Gynecology
4517:10.1016/j.ogc.2012.12.002
4462:Obstetrics and Gynecology
4380:Obstetrics and Gynecology
4281:10.1186/s12889-015-1552-5
4214:Human Reproduction Update
4118:"Pregnancy complications"
4040:Canadian Family Physician
4036:"[Not Available]"
4034:Lemire F (October 2021).
4005:10.1016/j.ecl.2019.05.010
3742:"Pregnancy and infection"
3388:10.1007/s00404-006-0203-6
3154:10.1007/s00586-003-0615-y
3072:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.04.002
2943:"Pregnancy complications"
2890:The Lancet. Global Health
2560:Obstetrics and gynecology
2305:Haemorrhoids in pregnancy
2143:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
1869:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1724:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1589:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1215:Prenatal cocaine exposure
845:, with resultant risk of
762:pre-conception counseling
672:chromosomal abnormalities
526:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
521:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
392:
62:
52:
40:
35:
26:
21:
8562:Musculoskeletal disorder
8485:Gastrointestinal disease
7721:Gestational hypertension
7023:Gynaecological disorders
6839:Culture and menstruation
6806:Contraceptive prevalence
6698:Compulsory sterilization
3207:10.31128/AJGP-01-18-4467
2391:The Lancet Global Health
2348:List of obstetric topics
2067:Fetal growth restriction
1977:Septic pelvic thrombosis
1895:Chromosome abnormalities
1783: Trimester 3
1766: Trimester 2
1749: Trimester 1
1540: Trimester 3
1511: Trimester 2
1482: Trimester 1
1241:congenital abnormalities
1023:low infant birth weight.
568:congestive heart failure
555:Thyroid disease in women
515:vertically transmissible
466:including a decrease in
290:Gestational hypertension
8120:Umbilical cord prolapse
8042:Amniotic fluid embolism
7800:dermatoses of pregnancy
7306:Urinary tract infection
7098:Abuse during childbirth
4910:10.1111/1471-0528.15394
3484:10.1161/JAHA.120.018494
2353:Dermatoses of pregnancy
2047:Low birth-weight infant
2017:Amniotic fluid embolism
1330:maternal-fetal medicine
915:developmental disorders
857:, resulting in risk of
276:(>300 mg), and
8503:Female genital disease
8480:Maxillofacial disorder
8449:Cardiovascular disease
8236:Concomitant conditions
8215:Postpartum thyroiditis
7993:Circumvallate placenta
7813:Impetigo herpetiformis
7808:Gestational pemphigoid
7780:Hyperemesis gravidarum
7713:hypertensive disorders
7223:Cardiovascular disease
6811:Contraceptive security
6744:In vitro fertilization
6655:Postpartum confinement
6529:Hyperemesis gravidarum
5713:reference.medscape.com
5086:. 2007. Archived from
5045:10.15585/mmwr.mm6816a1
4222:10.1093/humupd/dmaa010
3142:European Spine Journal
2991:10.3390/ijerph17249573
2591:: CS1 maint: others (
2258:Postpartum thyroiditis
2238:Hyperemesis gravidarum
2183:Gestational pemphigoid
2103:Hyperemesis gravidarum
1874:on the data provided.
1726:Reference (i.e., 1.00)
1279:may increase risks of
1187:fetal alcohol syndrome
665:bereavement counseling
345:Venous thromboembolism
340:Venous thromboembolism
334:cardiovascular disease
213:Hyperemesis gravidarum
208:Hyperemesis gravidarum
158:from severe vomiting.
156:electrolyte imbalances
152:hyperemesis gravidarum
8426:Neurological disorder
8205:Postpartum infections
8200:Postpartum depression
7345:Healthcare inequality
7147:Gender discrimination
6951:Human papilloma virus
6626:Vesicovaginal fistula
6217:"ICD-10 Version:2016"
5483:10.1093/humupd/dmt047
5328:Women's Health Issues
4555:10.1056/NEJMcp1709324
3758:10.1056/NEJMra1213566
3335:10.1186/1471-2393-9-8
2263:Postpartum depression
2218:Uterine incarceration
1972:Postpartum depression
1915:Nonmedelian disorders
1326:High-risk pregnancies
1015:Age of either parent
883:Further information:
877:Further information:
776:Treatment: Immediate
676:multiple miscarriages
448:Further information:
249:psychosocial distress
121:postpartum infections
8567:Soft tissue disorder
8513:Male genital disease
8326:Major Disease groups
8210:Postpartum psychosis
8079:Obstetrical bleeding
7974:Obstetrical bleeding
7795:Integumentary system
7770:Gestational diabetes
7749:related to pregnancy
7747:Other, predominantly
7452:Nurses' Health Study
7360:Reproductive justice
7311:Urinary incontinence
6931:Sexually transmitted
6786:Intrauterine devices
6631:Rectovaginal fistula
6621:Obstetrical fistulae
6549:Gestational diabetes
6544:Obstetrical bleeding
6519:Adolescent pregnancy
6504:Gravidity and parity
6499:Unintended pregnancy
4216:. pp. 650–669.
4122:www.womenshealth.gov
4053:10.46747/cfp.6710791
3435:10.1136/gut.35.1.101
2847:(10100): 1151–1210.
2300:Postpartum nephritis
2279:Herpes gestationitis
2248:Gestational diabetes
2123:Deep vein thrombosis
2098:Gestational diabetes
1967:Postpartum infection
1910:Spontaneous abortion
1845:14.61 (12.10–17.67)
1842:15.62 (14.00–17.45)
1839:19.27 (16.53–20.21)
1806:27.97 (22.24–35.17)
1587:142.8 (102.0–199.8)
1575:154.6 (128.8–185.6)
1273:pharmaceutical drugs
1266:Unintended pregnancy
1168:environmental toxins
1092:gestational diabetes
998:General risk factors
986:genito-urinary tract
911:spontaneous abortion
824:Multiple pregnancies
751:multiple pregnancies
562:(commonly caused by
513:Some infections are
349:deep vein thrombosis
175:Gestational diabetes
170:Gestational diabetes
8595:Congenital disorder
8536:Postpartum disorder
8467:Respiratory disease
8400:Hematologic disease
8190:Postpartum bleeding
8013:Placental abruption
7998:Monochorionic twins
7828:Prurigo gestationis
7365:Women's empowerment
7233:Alzheimer's disease
6864:Cloth menstrual pad
6821:Fertility awareness
6791:Oral contraceptives
6673:Perinatal mortality
3066:(3): 401–17, viii.
2520:(9832): 2151–2161.
2455:(9859): 2095–2128.
2320:Obstetrical tetanus
2188:Prurigo gestationis
2153:Postpartum bleeding
1997:Placental abruption
1905:Mendelian disorders
1822:10.21 (9.27–11.25)
1809:44.5 (31.68–62.54)
1581:106.1 (85.1–132.3)
1370:
1316:High-risk pregnancy
1205:placental abruption
1149:mislocated placenta
1096:high blood pressure
937:C - Cytomegalovirus
905:that produce minor
853:, sharing the same
841:, sharing the same
755:in-utero infections
753:or the presence of
735:Placental abruption
730:Placental abruption
564:Hashimoto's disease
468:respiratory volumes
399:Anemia in pregnancy
255:High blood pressure
91:puerperal disorders
8382:Metabolic disorder
8220:Puerperal mastitis
8175:Breast engorgement
7962:Monoamniotic twins
7952:Chorionic hematoma
7462:Cartwright Inquiry
7373:Politics, research
7191:Endometrial cancer
7045:Sexual intercourse
6816:Planned parenthood
6801:Male contraceptive
6270:Maternal mortality
5986:, p. 260-273.
2325:Unicornuate uterus
2310:Obstetric embolism
2253:Hemoglobinopathies
2108:Pelvic girdle pain
2057:Incompetent cervix
2042:Neonatal infection
1828:8.54 (7.16–10.19)
1803:37.5 (30.9–44.45)
1722:Outside pregnancy
1424:Outside pregnancy
1343:
1334:congenital defects
1217:: Associated with
1181:recreational drugs
1173:Ionizing radiation
1145:Multiple gestation
1127:Lupus in pregnancy
1104:postterm pregnancy
1077:underweight babies
1057:underweight babies
1019:Adolescent parents
885:Neonatal infection
492:coccidioidomycosis
450:Neonatal infection
353:pulmonary embolism
308:low platelet count
240:peri or postpartum
234:(PGP) disorder is
232:Pelvic girdle pain
227:Pelvic girdle pain
123:including sepsis,
8608:
8607:
8454:Lymphatic disease
8372:Endocrine disease
8341:Parasitic disease
8293:
8292:
8251:Thyroid disorders
8241:Diabetes mellitus
8125:Uterine inversion
8057:Shoulder dystocia
8052:Obstructed labour
8028:
8027:
7892:
7891:
7861:Chorea gravidarum
7637:Ectopic pregnancy
7562:
7561:
7442:
7441:
7267:
7266:
7218:
7217:
7201:Papanicolaou test
7157:Non-communicable
7125:Sexual harassment
7103:Domestic violence
7073:
7072:
6916:
6915:
6713:
6712:
6616:Retained placenta
6534:Ectopic pregnancy
6346:
6345:
6243:Leveno K (2013).
5533:www.nichd.nih.gov
5277:978-0-309-05230-6
4960:10.1136/bmj.h3080
4904:(13): 1642–1654.
4549:(16): 1529–1536.
4268:BMC Public Health
3752:(23): 2211–2218.
3608:10.1002/hep.31559
3107:10.1002/ncp.10205
2570:978-0-7817-8807-6
2268:Hyperpigmentation
2213:Obstetric fistula
1951:Cesarean delivery
1940:Shoulder dystocia
1900:Ectopic pregnancy
1881:
1880:
1865:0.89 (0.53–1.39)
1862:2.29 (1.44–3.65)
1859:1.69 (1.26–2.25)
1856:2.06 (1.60–2.64)
1848:8.44 (7.27–9.75)
1831:4.85 (4.21–5.57)
1825:8.72 (7.83–9.70)
1795:5.48 (4.89–6.12)
1792:5.69 (4.66–6.95)
1789:5.12 (4.53–5.80)
1786:7.14 (6.43–7.94)
1778:1.58 (1.24–1.99)
1775:1.82 (1.27–2.62)
1772:3.01 (2.56–3.53)
1769:4.31 (3.78–4.93)
1761:1.12 (0.86–1.45)
1758:1.46 (0.96–2.20)
1755:3.04 (2.58–3.56)
1752:3.42 (2.95–3.98)
1744:2.95 (2.68–3.25)
1741:3.10 (2.63–3.66)
1738:3.80 (3.44–4.19)
1735:5.08 (4.66–5.54)
1650:30.4 (26.4–35.0)
1644:46.8 (39.1–56.1)
1638:59.3 (54.1–65.0)
1632:75.4 (69.6–81.8)
1621:17.5 (15.3–20.0)
1615:27.4 (23.1–32.4)
1609:33.1 (30.4–36.1)
1603:42.3 (39.2–45.7)
1564:19.7 (17.7–21.9)
1558:18.2 (15.0–22.1)
1552:19.4 (17.4–21.6)
1546:29.2 (26.8–31.9)
1517:17.4 (15.4–19.6)
1488:13.6 (11.8–15.5)
1465:14.2 (13.2–15.3)
1459:20.5 (19.2–21.8)
1084:very large babies
1065:shoulder dystocia
958:placental barrier
928:T - Toxoplasmosis
595:Ectopic pregnancy
590:Ectopic pregnancy
202:weight management
162:Maternal problems
117:maternal bleeding
106:postpartum period
72:
71:
16:Medical condition
8633:
8498:Urologic disease
8320:
8313:
8306:
8297:
8296:
8280:
8279:
8115:Postmature birth
8103:Placenta accreta
8008:Placenta praevia
8003:Placenta accreta
7947:Chorioamnionitis
7757:Digestive system
7753:
7752:
7679:Fetal resorption
7667:Rudimentary horn
7624:abortive outcome
7618:
7617:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7566:
7565:
7550:
7549:
7538:
7537:
7526:
7525:
7379:
7378:
7164:
7163:
7084:
7083:
7078:Non-reproductive
6927:
6926:
6844:Feminine hygiene
6611:Cesarian section
6606:Obstructed labor
6487:
6486:
6402:
6401:
6383:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6350:
6349:
6277:
6276:
6258:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6224:
6213:
6192:
6186:
6177:
6171:
6165:
6159:
6153:
6147:
6141:
6135:
6129:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6070:
6038:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6027:
6018:. Archived from
6008:
5999:
5993:
5987:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5939:
5933:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5868:
5844:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5736:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5664:
5654:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5466:
5460:
5454:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5400:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5269:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5195:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5143:. Archived from
5133:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5081:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5056:
5024:
5018:
5017:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4921:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4788:
4771:
4770:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4720:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4386:(4): 1005–1016.
4375:
4369:
4368:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4293:
4283:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4233:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4065:
4055:
4031:
4025:
4024:
3990:
3981:
3970:
3969:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3881:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3769:
3737:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3628:
3627:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3570:
3561:(7): 1427–1438.
3546:
3540:
3539:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3446:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3347:
3337:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3209:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2993:
2969:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:womenshealth.gov
2939:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2896:(6): e323–e333.
2881:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2697:. Archived from
2692:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2630:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2590:
2582:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2422:
2382:
2022:Delayed delivery
1935:Chorioamnionitis
1800:Around delivery
1569:Around delivery
1523:11.2 (9.7–13.0)
1494:11.3 (9.7–13.1)
1477:10.7 (9.7–11.6)
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1281:preterm delivery
1277:anti-depressants
1106:and requiring a
811:Placenta accreta
806:Placenta accreta
543:thromboembolisms
347:, consisting of
300:Hemolytic anemia
217:morning sickness
183:high blood sugar
148:morning sickness
129:obstructed labor
31:
19:
18:
8641:
8640:
8636:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8630:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8604:
8586:
8553:
8540:
8517:
8489:
8471:
8458:
8440:
8417:
8413:Mental disorder
8404:
8391:
8387:Immune disorder
8363:
8345:
8327:
8324:
8294:
8289:
8267:
8224:
8168:Cracked nipples
8163:Low milk supply
8144:
8130:Uterine rupture
8024:
7919:Oligohydramnios
7904:amniotic cavity
7898:
7888:
7865:
7847:
7798:
7789:
7748:
7742:
7711:
7698:
7684:Molar pregnancy
7623:
7607:
7593:
7563:
7558:
7514:
7499:Family planning
7477:
7471:
7438:
7415:
7374:
7368:
7340:Gender equality
7323:
7317:
7263:
7214:
7196:Cervical cancer
7158:
7151:
7089:
7079:
7069:
7060:Sex differences
7018:Forced marriage
6967:
6932:
6922:
6912:
6854:Menstrual cycle
6825:
6778:Family planning
6776:
6767:
6720:
6709:
6668:Maternal deaths
6659:
6650:Postpartum care
6596:Multiple births
6572:
6481:
6474:
6407:
6398:
6395:
6387:
6377:
6347:
6342:
6341:
6288:
6266:
6261:
6255:
6238:
6236:Further reading
6233:
6232:
6222:
6220:
6215:
6214:
6195:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6168:
6160:
6156:
6148:
6144:
6136:
6132:
6124:
6120:
6112:
6108:
6100:
6096:
6088:
6084:
6039:
6035:
6025:
6023:
6010:
6009:
6002:
5994:
5990:
5982:
5978:
5970:
5966:
5958:
5954:
5946:
5942:
5934:
5930:
5922:
5918:
5910:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5886:
5882:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5829:
5821:
5802:
5794:
5790:
5782:
5778:
5770:
5763:
5755:
5751:
5743:
5739:
5731:
5727:
5717:
5715:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5694:
5690:
5682:
5678:
5637:(2): CD000184.
5623:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5583:
5575:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5537:
5535:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5514:
5510:
5502:
5498:
5467:
5463:
5455:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5418:
5414:
5383:(11): e008864.
5369:
5365:
5320:
5316:
5307:
5305:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5260:
5256:
5213:
5209:
5164:
5160:
5150:
5148:
5135:
5134:
5127:
5118:
5116:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5090:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5070:
5039:(16): 365–368.
5025:
5021:
4990:
4986:
4939:
4935:
4890:
4886:
4855:
4851:
4812:
4808:
4789:
4774:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4697:
4693:
4658:
4654:
4645:
4643:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4617:
4613:
4582:
4578:
4539:
4532:
4501:
4497:
4458:
4454:
4419:
4415:
4376:
4372:
4333:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4260:
4253:
4244:
4242:
4206:
4202:
4193:
4191:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4164:
4162:
4144:
4140:
4131:
4129:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4102:
4100:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4032:
4028:
3988:
3982:
3973:
3934:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3841:. 27 April 2021
3833:
3832:
3828:
3787:
3783:
3738:
3729:
3722:
3718:
3707:
3703:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3631:
3588:
3584:
3547:
3543:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3464:
3460:
3415:
3411:
3372:
3368:
3360:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3293:medlineplus.gov
3287:
3286:
3282:
3251:
3247:
3235:
3231:
3186:
3179:
3134:
3130:
3091:
3087:
3056:
3052:
3025:Emergency Nurse
3021:
3017:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2913:1854/LU-5796925
2882:
2878:
2833:
2829:
2798:
2794:
2763:
2759:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2672:
2670:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2607:
2600:
2584:
2583:
2571:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2506:
2502:
2440:
2436:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2344:
2339:
2208:Molar pregnancy
2002:Placenta previa
1956:Uterine rupture
1945:Breech delivery
1920:Oligohydramnios
1886:
1814:
1727:
1694:Swedish data B
1691:Swedish data A
1673:7.3 (4.6–11.6)
1661:8.5 (7.0–10.9)
1592:
1471:9.9 (8.5–11.6)
1384:Swedish data B
1381:Swedish data A
1368:
1322:contraindicated
1318:
1237:premature birth
1219:premature birth
1209:placenta previa
1160:
1102:, experiencing
1027:Older parents:
1009:
1000:
891:immune function
887:
881:
875:
867:conjoined twins
835:Multiple births
832:
826:
808:
791:Placenta previa
788:
786:Placenta previa
732:
698:
653:
636:keyhole surgery
634:In most cases,
623:fallopian tubes
592:
580:
557:
551:
539:pulmonary edema
523:
452:
434:
428:
420:parenteral iron
401:
395:
342:
326:low birthweight
322:premature birth
263:
257:
244:pubic symphysis
229:
222:
210:
172:
164:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8639:
8629:
8628:
8626:Women's health
8623:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8602:
8597:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8551:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8539:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8516:
8515:
8510:
8508:Breast disease
8505:
8500:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8488:
8487:
8482:
8476:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8463:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8456:
8451:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8415:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8396:
8393:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8368:
8365:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8356:
8350:
8347:
8346:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8323:
8322:
8315:
8308:
8300:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8287:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8260:
8258:Maternal death
8255:
8254:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8232:
8230:
8226:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8165:
8154:
8152:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8093:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8064:Fetal distress
8061:
8060:
8059:
8049:
8044:
8038:
8036:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7933:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7924:Polyhydramnios
7921:
7913:amniotic fluid
7908:
7906:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7881:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7857:
7855:
7853:Nervous system
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7804:
7802:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7761:
7759:
7750:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7740:
7735:
7734:
7733:
7731:HELLP syndrome
7723:
7717:
7715:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7634:
7628:
7626:
7622:Pregnancy with
7615:
7609:
7608:
7592:
7591:
7584:
7577:
7569:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7556:
7544:
7532:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7502:
7501:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7479:
7476:Women's health
7473:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7387:
7385:
7383:United Nations
7376:
7375:& advocacy
7370:
7369:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7325:
7322:Sociocultural
7319:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7279:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7237:
7236:
7235:
7225:
7219:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7210:Ovarian cancer
7207:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7193:
7186:Uterine cancer
7183:
7178:
7172:
7170:
7161:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7130:Sexual assault
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7100:
7094:
7092:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7008:Child marriage
7005:
7003:Breast ironing
7000:
6995:
6993:Breast binding
6990:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6981:Clitoridectomy
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6948:
6943:
6937:
6935:
6924:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6859:Menstrual aids
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6835:
6833:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6782:
6780:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6758:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6725:
6723:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6643:Husband stitch
6635:
6634:
6633:
6628:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6582:
6580:
6574:
6573:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6521:
6516:
6514:Antenatal care
6511:
6506:
6501:
6495:
6493:
6484:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6460:Fallopian tube
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6412:
6410:
6406:Reproductive
6399:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6385:Women's health
6376:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6353:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6328:
6309:
6289:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:Classification
6274:
6273:
6265:
6264:External links
6262:
6260:
6259:
6254:978-0071765626
6253:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6193:
6191:, p. 439.
6178:
6176:, p. 435.
6166:
6164:, p. 425.
6154:
6152:, p. 410.
6142:
6140:, p. 382.
6130:
6128:, p. 363.
6118:
6116:, p. 349.
6106:
6104:, p. 335.
6094:
6092:, p. 278.
6082:
6053:(2): 126–132.
6033:
6022:on 6 July 2018
6000:
5998:, p. 274.
5988:
5976:
5974:, p. 252.
5964:
5962:, p. 250.
5952:
5950:, p. 247.
5940:
5938:, p. 241.
5928:
5926:, p. 236.
5916:
5914:, p. 232.
5904:
5902:, p. 225.
5892:
5890:, p. 223.
5880:
5859:(6): 623–627.
5839:
5837:, p. 218.
5827:
5800:
5798:, p. 188.
5788:
5786:, p. 180.
5776:
5774:, p. 171.
5761:
5759:, p. 169.
5749:
5747:, p. 161.
5737:
5735:, p. 154.
5725:
5700:
5698:, p. 152.
5688:
5686:, p. 147.
5676:
5652:10019.1/104301
5617:
5615:, p. 131.
5605:
5603:, p. 130.
5593:
5591:, p. 114.
5581:
5569:
5557:
5545:
5520:
5508:
5496:
5477:(2): 250–261.
5461:
5449:
5424:
5412:
5363:
5334:(5): 325–334.
5314:
5289:
5276:
5254:
5207:
5178:(4): 519–527.
5158:
5125:
5096:
5093:on 2011-09-11.
5068:
5019:
5000:(5): 488–493.
4984:
4933:
4884:
4865:(3): 219–226.
4849:
4806:
4772:
4750:
4691:
4652:
4628:
4611:
4592:(4): 545–550.
4576:
4530:
4511:(1): 137–154.
4495:
4468:(4): 927–941.
4452:
4413:
4370:
4343:(2): 130–135.
4327:
4313:
4251:
4200:
4171:
4138:
4109:
4085:
4026:
3999:(3): 547–556.
3971:
3944:(2): 308–319.
3928:
3901:
3872:(2): 207–221.
3852:
3826:
3797:(6): 701–705.
3781:
3727:
3716:
3701:
3643:
3629:
3602:(1): 318–365.
3582:
3541:
3507:
3478:(9): e018494.
3458:
3429:(1): 101–106.
3409:
3382:(6): 349–353.
3366:
3305:
3280:
3245:
3229:
3200:(7): 439–443.
3177:
3148:(7): 575–589.
3128:
3101:(2): 226–241.
3085:
3050:
3015:
2959:
2927:
2876:
2827:
2808:(4): 242–248.
2792:
2757:
2730:(4): 282–287.
2714:
2679:
2650:
2598:
2569:
2547:
2500:
2434:
2397:(1): e16–e25.
2373:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2335:Arcuate uterus
2332:
2330:Maternal death
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2276:
2275:growth changes
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:HELLP syndrome
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2077:Twin pregnancy
2074:
2069:
2064:
2062:Posterm infant
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1963:after delivery
1958:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1717:IRR (95% CI)†
1715:
1714:IRR (95% CI)†
1712:
1711:IRR* (95% CI)
1709:
1708:IRR* (95% CI)
1706:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1679:3.2 (1.9–5.0)
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:6.4 (4.9–8.5)
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1535:5.7 (4.6–7.2)
1533:
1530:
1529:5.8 (4.1–8.3)
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1506:4.1 (3.2–5.2)
1504:
1501:
1500:4.6 (3.1–7.0)
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:3.6 (3.4–3.7)
1446:
1443:
1442:3.2 (3.0–3.3)
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:4.2 (4.0–4.4)
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1419:Rate (95% CI)
1417:
1414:
1413:Rate (95% CI)
1411:
1408:
1407:Rate (95% CI)
1405:
1402:
1401:Rate (95% CI)
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1284:
1269:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1230:
1212:
1194:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1080:
1068:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1025:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
980:), and normal
942:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
903:microorganisms
897:can cross the
874:
871:
830:Multiple birth
828:Main article:
825:
822:
807:
804:
803:
802:
787:
784:
783:
782:
774:
770:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
652:
649:
648:
647:
629:
626:
591:
588:
579:
576:
560:Hypothyroidism
553:Main article:
550:
549:Hypothyroidism
547:
522:
519:
484:herpes simplex
472:urinary stasis
430:Main article:
427:
424:
413:United Nations
397:Main article:
394:
391:
390:
389:
379:
361:maternal death
341:
338:
318:
317:
311:
296:HELLP syndrome
293:
287:
281:
259:Main article:
256:
253:
228:
225:
220:
209:
206:
185:levels during
171:
168:
163:
160:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
56:
50:
49:
44:
38:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8638:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8601:
8600:Fetal disease
8598:
8596:
8593:
8592:
8589:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8543:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8520:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8492:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8477:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8464:
8461:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8420:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8407:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8394:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8369:
8366:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8348:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8330:
8321:
8316:
8314:
8309:
8307:
8302:
8301:
8298:
8286:
8285:
8281:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8237:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8227:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8151:
8147:
8141:
8140:Uterine atony
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8110:Preterm birth
8108:
8104:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8058:
8055:
8054:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8035:
8031:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7989:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7944:
7943:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7895:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7854:
7850:
7844:
7843:Stretch marks
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7751:
7745:
7739:
7736:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7726:Pre-eclampsia
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7602:
7598:
7595:Pathology of
7590:
7585:
7583:
7578:
7576:
7571:
7570:
7567:
7555:
7554:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7521:
7520:
7517:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7474:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7421:United States
7418:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7380:
7377:
7371:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7335:Disadvantaged
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7320:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7296:Urinary tract
7294:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7272:Mental health
7270:
7269:
7260:
7257:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7220:
7211:
7208:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7181:Breast cancer
7179:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7093:
7091:
7090:against women
7085:
7082:
7076:
7066:
7065:Sex education
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6998:Breast health
6996:
6994:
6991:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6964:
6961:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6919:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6869:Menstrual cup
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6774:
6773:Contraception
6770:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6734:Childlessness
6732:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6719:Reproductive
6716:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6693:Sterilization
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6662:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6591:Preterm birth
6589:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6477:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6426:Clitoral hood
6424:
6423:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6403:
6400:
6397:
6394:Reproductive
6390:
6386:
6382:
6374:
6369:
6367:
6362:
6360:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6282:
6278:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6256:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6240:
6218:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6190:
6185:
6183:
6175:
6170:
6163:
6158:
6151:
6146:
6139:
6134:
6127:
6122:
6115:
6110:
6103:
6098:
6091:
6086:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6037:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6007:
6005:
5997:
5992:
5985:
5980:
5973:
5968:
5961:
5956:
5949:
5944:
5937:
5932:
5925:
5920:
5913:
5908:
5901:
5896:
5889:
5884:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5831:
5824:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5797:
5792:
5785:
5780:
5773:
5768:
5766:
5758:
5753:
5746:
5741:
5734:
5729:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5697:
5692:
5685:
5680:
5672:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5602:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5579:, p. 91.
5578:
5573:
5567:, p. 88.
5566:
5561:
5555:, p. 50.
5554:
5549:
5534:
5530:
5524:
5517:
5512:
5506:, p. 47.
5505:
5500:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5465:
5459:, p. 13.
5458:
5453:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5422:, p. 38.
5421:
5416:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5318:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5279:
5273:
5268:
5267:
5258:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5211:
5203:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5162:
5147:on 2011-09-10
5146:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5072:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5023:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4853:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4810:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4656:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4624:
4623:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4535:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4323:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4256:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:"Miscarriage"
4175:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4148:"Miscarriage"
4142:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3812:2027.42/29639
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3725:
3720:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3520:NIHR Evidence
3517:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3240:Pre-eclampsia
3233:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2704:on 2016-03-09
2700:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2603:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Perineal tear
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Preterm birth
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1852:
1851:
1835:
1834:
1818:
1817:
1799:
1798:
1782:
1781:
1765:
1764:
1748:
1747:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1704:
1703:
1697:English data
1688:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1387:English data
1378:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:preterm birth
1290:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:prenatal care
1257:
1256:socioeconomic
1253:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:birth defects
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:Environmental
1150:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:preterm birth
1050:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1004:
995:
993:
992:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
926:
925:
923:
922:TORCH complex
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
886:
880:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:monochorionic
836:
831:
821:
818:
814:
812:
800:
799:
798:
795:
792:
779:
775:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
736:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
713:
711:
707:
702:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
679:
677:
673:
668:
666:
661:
657:
645:
644:abortifacient
641:
637:
633:
630:
627:
624:
620:
616:
613:
612:
611:
609:
608:salpingectomy
605:
600:
596:
587:
585:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:pre-eclampsia
527:
518:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
451:
446:
444:
440:
433:
423:
421:
416:
414:
410:
405:
400:
387:
383:
380:
377:
373:
369:
366:
365:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
315:
312:
309:
305:
304:liver enzymes
301:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
275:
271:
270:Pre-eclampsia
268:
267:
266:
262:
252:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
224:
218:
214:
205:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
167:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
131:, and unsafe
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
67:
65:
61:
57:
55:
54:Complications
51:
48:
45:
43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
8582:Chondropathy
8577:Bone disease
8549:Skin disease
8525:
8377:Malnutrition
8354:Benign tumor
8282:
8275:
8135:Vasa praevia
8095:
8069:Locked twins
7985:
7935:
7911:
7657:Interstitial
7612:
7551:
7539:
7527:
7250:Hip fracture
7245:Osteoporosis
6986:Infibulation
6886:Dysmenorrhea
6879:Sanitary pad
6831:Menstruation
6559:Preeclampsia
6554:Hypertension
6523:
6438:Labia majora
6433:Labia minora
6330:
6311:
6292:
6244:
6221:. Retrieved
6169:
6157:
6145:
6133:
6121:
6109:
6097:
6085:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6024:. Retrieved
6020:the original
6015:
5991:
5979:
5967:
5955:
5943:
5931:
5919:
5907:
5895:
5883:
5856:
5852:
5842:
5830:
5791:
5779:
5752:
5740:
5728:
5716:. Retrieved
5712:
5703:
5691:
5679:
5634:
5630:
5620:
5608:
5596:
5584:
5572:
5560:
5548:
5536:. Retrieved
5532:
5523:
5518:, p. 2.
5511:
5499:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5452:
5440:. Retrieved
5436:
5427:
5415:
5380:
5376:
5366:
5331:
5327:
5317:
5306:. Retrieved
5292:
5281:. Retrieved
5265:
5257:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5149:. Retrieved
5145:the original
5140:
5117:. Retrieved
5108:
5099:
5088:the original
5083:
5071:
5036:
5032:
5022:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4950:
4946:
4936:
4901:
4897:
4887:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4796:
4763:Medline Plus
4762:
4753:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4644:. Retrieved
4641:www.acog.org
4640:
4631:
4621:
4614:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4546:
4542:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4316:
4271:
4267:
4243:. Retrieved
4213:
4203:
4192:. Retrieved
4183:
4174:
4163:. Retrieved
4151:
4141:
4130:. Retrieved
4121:
4112:
4101:. Retrieved
4097:
4088:
4043:
4039:
4029:
3996:
3992:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3920:. Retrieved
3916:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3838:
3829:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3749:
3745:
3719:
3710:
3704:
3661:
3657:
3646:
3599:
3595:
3585:
3558:
3555:Hypertension
3554:
3544:
3519:
3510:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3379:
3375:
3369:
3325:
3321:
3308:
3298:28 September
3296:. Retrieved
3292:
3283:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3239:
3232:
3197:
3193:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3063:
3059:
3053:
3031:(4): 24–28.
3028:
3024:
3018:
2984:(24): 9573.
2981:
2977:
2951:. Retrieved
2949:. 2016-12-14
2946:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2773:(2): 83–94.
2770:
2766:
2760:
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2717:
2706:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2694:
2682:
2671:. Retrieved
2662:
2653:
2618:
2614:
2559:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2452:
2448:
2437:
2394:
2390:
2286:of pregnancy
2032:Incontinence
1987:Preeclampsia
1982:Hypertension
1961:Hysterectomy
1887:
1875:
1870:
1705:Time period
1700:Danish data
1395:Time period
1390:Danish data
1319:
1271:Exposure to
1235:: Can cause
1197:Tobacco use:
1179:Exposure to
1166:Exposure to
1161:
1100:preeclampsia
1010:
1001:
990:
956:without the
943:
919:
888:
863:entanglement
855:amniotic sac
851:monoamniotic
833:
819:
815:
809:
796:
789:
759:
747:hypertension
740:
733:
710:peer support
699:
669:
654:
640:methotrexate
631:
614:
610:(surgery).
599:implantation
593:
581:
558:
535:hypertension
524:
512:
453:
435:
417:
406:
402:
381:
367:
356:
343:
319:
264:
230:
211:
173:
165:
137:
110:
99:
95:
74:
73:
64:Risk factors
8436:Ear disease
8431:Eye disease
8074:Nuchal cord
7823:Linea nigra
7775:Hepatitis E
7708:proteinuria
7689:Miscarriage
7674:Embryo loss
7652:Heterotopic
7553:WikiProject
7240:Bone health
7176:Lung cancer
7013:Dyspareunia
6956:HPV vaccine
6896:Amenorrhoea
6891:Menorrhagia
6729:Infertility
6678:Stillbirths
6539:Miscarriage
6189:Leveno 2013
6174:Leveno 2013
6162:Leveno 2013
6150:Leveno 2013
6138:Leveno 2013
6126:Leveno 2013
6114:Leveno 2013
6102:Leveno 2013
6090:Leveno 2013
5996:Leveno 2013
5984:Leveno 2013
5972:Leveno 2013
5960:Leveno 2013
5948:Leveno 2013
5936:Leveno 2013
5924:Leveno 2013
5912:Leveno 2013
5900:Leveno 2013
5888:Leveno 2013
5835:Leveno 2013
5823:Leveno 2013
5796:Leveno 2013
5784:Leveno 2013
5772:Leveno 2013
5757:Leveno 2013
5745:Leveno 2013
5733:Leveno 2013
5696:Leveno 2013
5684:Leveno 2013
5613:Leveno 2013
5601:Leveno 2013
5589:Leveno 2013
5577:Leveno 2013
5565:Leveno 2013
5553:Leveno 2013
5516:Leveno 2013
5504:Leveno 2013
5457:Leveno 2013
5420:Leveno 2013
4822:(2): 1–17.
4672:: 102–116.
4046:(10): 791.
3664:(4): e446.
2621:: 111–119.
2469:10292/13775
2027:Fetal death
1819:Postpartum
1732:Antepartum
1597:Postpartum
1453:Antepartum
1254:Social and
1029:As they age
962:hepatitis B
954:body fluids
934:R - Rubella
837:may become
773:hydramnios.
656:Miscarriage
651:Miscarriage
480:hepatitis E
443:hepatitis E
302:, elevated
274:proteinuria
181:, develops
85:are termed
8615:Categories
8084:Postpartum
7979:Antepartum
7694:Stillbirth
7605:puerperium
7603:, and the
7601:childbirth
7478:by country
7282:Depression
6933:infections
6638:Episiotomy
6578:Childbirth
6509:Obstetrics
5308:2011-08-18
5283:2011-09-03
5227:: 103237.
5119:2013-10-26
4646:2022-09-16
4433:: 95–102.
4274:(1): 239.
4245:2024-08-11
4194:2017-02-13
4184:NHS Choice
4165:2022-09-12
4152:StatPearls
4132:2016-11-13
4103:2017-07-27
4098:www.nhs.uk
3922:2022-03-12
3658:HemaSphere
3596:Hepatology
3261:(1): 1–7.
2953:2018-11-07
2708:2015-07-08
2673:2015-07-08
2514:The Lancet
2449:The Lancet
2369:References
2203:Stillbirth
2072:Macrosomia
2012:Rh disease
1925:Hydramnios
1275:: Certain
1088:childbirth
1007:Biological
974:gonorrhoea
781:necessary.
706:counseling
701:Stillbirth
696:Stillbirth
632:Treatment:
456:infections
409:hemoglobin
407:Levels of
376:childbirth
330:stillbirth
198:beta cells
195:pancreatic
113:puerperium
102:puerperium
83:childbirth
47:Obstetrics
8336:Infection
8150:Puerperal
7738:Eclampsia
7642:Abdominal
7613:Pregnancy
7597:pregnancy
7108:Pregnancy
7088:Violence
7028:Vaginitis
6901:Menopause
6761:Fostering
6751:Parenting
6721:life plan
6586:Midwifery
6564:Eclampsia
6491:Pregnancy
6480:Maternal
6047:Neurology
5241:0266-6138
5221:Midwifery
5151:7 October
4970:2164/4642
4953:: h3080.
4727:2235-2988
4080:238861265
3966:115198534
3896:210701262
3678:2572-9241
3616:0270-9139
3536:265356623
2637:0301-2115
2587:cite book
2579:298509160
2534:0140-6736
2477:0140-6736
2411:2214-109X
1992:Eclampsia
1110:delivery.
978:chlamydia
920:The term
913:or major
895:pathogens
615:Caused by
504:varicella
476:influenza
439:influenza
426:Infection
382:Treatment
368:Caused by
284:Eclampsia
187:pregnancy
79:pregnancy
42:Specialty
8284:Category
8097:placenta
7987:placenta
7647:Cervical
7632:Abortion
7529:Category
7489:Ethiopia
7411:UN Women
7228:Dementia
7159:diseases
7142:Femicide
7120:Misogyny
7040:Polygamy
6941:Safe sex
6849:Menarche
6756:Adoption
6683:Abortion
6601:Oxytocin
6421:Clitoris
6077:19398682
6016:sogc.org
5671:25674710
5662:10363414
5491:24101604
5407:26560059
5377:BMJ Open
5358:19733802
5302:Archived
5249:34999509
5202:19565330
5113:Archived
5111:. 2009.
5063:31022164
5014:22400308
5006:20822083
4979:26109551
4928:29978553
4879:20887538
4844:42701860
4836:12095025
4801:Archived
4767:Archived
4745:35755838
4686:32698993
4606:10214831
4571:81685472
4563:29669225
4525:23466142
4490:22774083
4482:16582134
4447:32862031
4400:17012465
4357:29489503
4300:25885887
4240:32358607
4188:Archived
4160:30422585
4126:Archived
4072:34649907
4021:71053515
4013:31345522
3958:30985406
3888:31948651
3845:March 6,
3776:24897084
3696:32885142
3624:32946672
3577:37170819
3502:33870708
3404:24784165
3396:16868757
3358:Archived
3354:19245695
3275:23746796
3224:52018638
3216:30114872
3172:15338362
3123:52987088
3115:30334272
3080:18760227
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3010:33371325
2922:25103301
2871:28919116
2822:16814217
2787:12051189
2752:38872754
2667:Archived
2645:38608353
2542:22579125
2495:23245604
2486:10790329
2429:25103581
2342:See also
2138:Mastitis
2088:Seizures
2084:and more
2082:Triplets
1436:3.8 (?)
1247:Cannabis
1108:cesarean
899:placenta
778:delivery
584:placenta
508:Mastitis
500:smallpox
179:diabetes
133:abortion
7937:chorion
7662:Ovarian
7541:Commons
7330:Poverty
7324:factors
7301:Urethra
7277:Anxiety
7259:Anaemia
7055:Puberty
7035:Leblouh
6921:Sexual
6796:Condoms
6337:D011248
6068:3475195
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4365:3607787
4308:5241108
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3163:3476662
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2420:4547326
1876:Source:
1304:Culture
1037:fathers
1033:mothers
1031:, both
991:Candida
988:(e.g.,
984:of the
972:(e.g.,
940:H - HSV
907:illness
843:chorion
743:smoking
619:smoking
496:measles
488:malaria
191:insulin
8359:Cancer
7941:amnion
7506:Russia
7168:Cancer
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7050:Orgasm
6923:health
6874:Tampon
6482:health
6455:Uterus
6450:Cervix
6445:Vagina
6396:health
6251:
6223:16 May
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6026:15 May
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1071:Weight
1061:pelvis
1049:Height
708:, and
502:, and
393:Anemia
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8229:Other
8034:Labor
7900:fetus
7871:Blood
7710:, and
7704:Edema
7494:India
7484:China
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6465:Ovary
6408:tract
5875:77714
5091:(PDF)
5080:(PDF)
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4840:S2CID
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4361:S2CID
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4076:S2CID
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3989:(PDF)
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3119:S2CID
2767:Birth
2748:S2CID
2702:(PDF)
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2193:Lupus
1445:2895
1439:1480
1433:1015
1427:1105
1338:heart
982:fauna
950:blood
946:birth
642:, an
278:edema
7902:and
7135:Rape
6332:MeSH
6317:9-CM
6249:ISBN
6225:2017
6073:PMID
6028:2017
5871:PMID
5720:2017
5667:PMID
5635:2015
5540:2017
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5354:PMID
5272:ISBN
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