227:, took part in the December 1920 general strike. The DSAP party leadership issued a statement on January 8, 1921, condemning the Liberec party branch for violation of party discipline. The DSAP left responded by declaring their support for the formation of a Communist Party. DSAP expelled its Liberec branch on January 17, 1921, which in turn held a conference on January 30, 1921, and issued an appeal for an extraordinary party conference to be held March 12, 1921. The expelled Liberec DSAP branch was joined by other German left-wing social democrats in working towards founding a new party.
439:, who for tactical reasons hesitated in forming a new party. Šmeral sought to gather as many left social democrats as possible before formalizing the split in the Czech social democracy, prompting Kreibich to accuse the Czech Marxist left of being a platform for 'centrists' and 'opportunists'. Drawing from the experiences of the building of the KPD, Kreibich sought to utilize the same approach to Šmeral's group as the
477:
and the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division), was held between October 30, 1921, and November 4, 1921. Šmeral and Kreibich were the main speakers at the event. All 169 delegates at the conference voted in favour of a unified Communist Party, without any distinction of nationality.
465:
June–July 1921. The dispute between the Šmeral and
Kreibich factions was resolved at this meeting, the Comintern instructed that a unified international Communist Party to be formed in Czechoslovakia within three months (which Šmeral had resisted) whilst Kreibich was reprimanded for 'leftist
191:. The party emerged from a split in the German labour movement in the Czechoslovak Republic and functioned parallel to the Czech Marxist left movement for most of 1921. The party represented a more radical position compared to the Czech Marxist left, and fully supported adherence to the
434:
in particular was pushing for the unification of the communist movement in
Czechoslovakia into a single party, a move that the Czech leftists had initially resisted. The German communists had taken a more radical stand than the Czech left leader
365:
The party had a printing house of its own, with four rapid presses, a rotary press and five typesetting machines. Prior to the founding of the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division), the organ of Liberec left was the daily newspaper
243:-Nové Pavlovice (Neu Paulsdorf in German) on March 12–15, 1921. The Liberec party conference unanimously adopted, without any debate, a resolution declaring the founding of the party. The party conference approved the
208:
79:
430:
Notably, the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division) was the first communist party in the new republic, with the Czech Marxist left forming their party only in May 1921.
357:. The district organizations were further divided into local branches. The party central struggled with the number of requests from local cadres to set up local branches.
247:
of the
Communist International and issued a request, without any preconditions, for affiliation to the International. 160 delegates participated in the party conference.
278:
of the party elected
Kreibich as its chairman, Joska as treasurer and Kreutz as deputy treasurer. The executive committee constituted the same day included Kreibich,
466:
deviations'. During the summer of 1921 local joint international communist organizations emerged around the country, gathering Czech, German and (in the case of
881:
876:
866:
376:('International') as a second daily organ, carrying the subtitle 'communist organ for the North-West Bohemian workers', and a weekly newspaper,
871:
861:
444:
886:
461:
Kreibich represented the
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division) at the third congress of the Communist International, held in
159:
211:(DSAP) 1920–1921. The radicalization among the German socialists in Czechoslovakia could be traced to the influence from refugees from
818:
759:
692:
660:
582:
555:
517:
380:('South Bohemian Workers' Newspaper', appearing January 5, 1921). On April 2, 1921, another weekly newspaper was launched,
224:
39:
368:
100:
285:
As per the statutes adopted in the founding party conference, the new party was divided into 18 district organizations (
635:
Wissenschaftliche
Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe
474:
266:
About a quarter of the DSAP membership, over 40,000 people, joined the new party. Kreibich, along with his colleague
196:
89:
390:("Struggle"), with the subtitle 'communist organ for Silesia and North Moravia'. The party launched the publication
652:
Neue Heimat im
Sozialismus: die Umsiedlung und Integration sudetendeutscher Antifa-Umsiedler in die SBZ/DDR
185:
Kommunistische Partei der Tschechoslowakei (Deutsche Abteilung), Sektion der Kommunistischen Internationale
129:
164:
602:
271:
154:
458:, at which it was agreed in principle to form a unified Communist Party in the Czechoslovak Republic.
793:
Protokoll des III. Kongresses der Kommunistischen Internationale (Moskau, 22. Juni bis 12. Juli 1921)
251:
216:
684:
Minority Politics in a Multinational State: The German Social Democrats in Czechoslovakia, 1918-1938
394:('Wake-up call') for mass distribution among urban and rural workers. Another party publication was
255:
451:
192:
144:
810:
Intellectuals and the Communist Idea: The Search for a New Way in Czech Lands from 1890 to 1938
547:
Intellectuals and the Communist Idea: The Search for a New Way in Czech Lands from 1890 to 1938
808:
545:
507:
177:
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division), Section of the Communist International
8:
436:
386:
384:('East Bohemian Workers' Newspaper'). On May 1, 1921, a third daily party organ emerged,
290:
780:. Bundesinstitut für Östwissenschaftliche und Internnationale Studien. 1974. p. 16.
322:
410:
Parallel to the founding party conference in Liberec, a national women's conference (
372:('Forward'). Ahead of the founding party conference the German communists had founded
298:
814:
755:
688:
656:
578:
551:
513:
275:
207:
The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division) originated in a split in the
440:
839:
791:
775:
749:
726:
709:
682:
650:
633:
604:
572:
509:
Emil Franzel (1901 ? 1976): Biografie eines sudetendeutschen Intellektuellen
180:
108:
777:
Berichte des Bundesinstituts für Östwissenschaftliche und Internationale Studien
603:
Germany (West). Bundesinstitut zur Erforschung des Marxismus-Leninismus (1965).
188:
855:
279:
267:
294:
326:
314:
310:
745:
239:) of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division) was held in
34:
728:
Archivalische Forschungen zur Geschichte der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung
574:
Die Politik des deutschen Aktivismus in der Tschechoslowakei, 1920-1938
334:
306:
354:
258:
attended the conference, and Neumann held a speech to the delegates.
244:
134:
422:('The Woman Communist'), which had a circulation of 13,000 copies.
318:
209:
German Social Democratic Workers Party in the Czechoslovak Republic
80:
German Social Democratic Workers Party in the Czechoslovak Republic
467:
455:
350:
346:
338:
330:
240:
220:
212:
454:
and Czech and German communists from Czechoslovakia was held in
462:
342:
27:
Kommunistische Partei der Tschechoslowakei (Deutsche Abteilung)
806:
543:
431:
707:
302:
638:. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität. 1957. pp. 536, 540.
598:
596:
594:
414:) was held. The party had a National Women's Secretariat (
450:
In April 1921, a meeting between representatives of the
591:
844:. Johann Gottfried Herder-Institut. 1971. p. 450.
544:
Ladislav Cabada; Zdenek Benedikt (14 September 2010).
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
24:
Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (German Division)
754:. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. p. 57.
680:
526:
418:). The secretariat had a publication of its own,
219:. The leftwing elements in the DSAP, centered in
853:
443:had employed in winning over large parts of the
398:('The Communist Trade Unionist'), later renamed
274:(KPD). On March 15, 1921, the newly constituted
807:Ladislav Cabada; Zdenek Benedikt (2010-09-14).
676:
674:
672:
648:
405:
445:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
841:Wissenschaftlicher Dienst für Ostmitteleuropa
505:
425:
740:
738:
669:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
473:A unification party conference, merging the
270:, built the party with inspiration from the
230:
882:Interwar minority parties in Czechoslovakia
744:
701:
570:
796:. Feltrinelli Reprint. 1967. p. 411.
735:
724:
564:
488:
877:1921 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia
867:Political parties disestablished in 1921
718:
687:. East European Monographs. p. 31.
642:
854:
872:1921 establishments in Czechoslovakia
862:Political parties established in 1921
834:
832:
830:
708:Grigory Yevseyevich Zinovyev (1921).
606:Dokumente zum Studien des Kommunismus
261:
16:Political party in Czechoslovakia
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
550:. Lexington Books. pp. 59, 65.
887:Communist parties in Czechoslovakia
13:
827:
14:
898:
711:Die Kommunistische Internationale
613:
475:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
396:Der kommunistische Gewerkschafter
223:(German: Reichenberg) and led by
197:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
90:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
731:. Topos Verlag AG. p. 2066.
512:. Diplomica Verlag. p. 25.
202:
195:. It eventually merged into the
813:. Lexington Books. p. 63.
800:
784:
768:
235:The founding party conference (
506:Thomas Keller (October 2012).
360:
1:
481:
416:Reichssekretariat der Frauen
406:National Women's Secretariat
402:('The Red Trade Unionist').
382:Ostböhmische Arbeiterzeitung
378:Südböhmische Arbeiterzeitung
215:following the defeat of the
113:National Women's Secretariat
7:
681:Nancy M. Wingfield (1989).
282:, Joska, Kreutz and Sitte.
187:) was a communist party in
10:
903:
426:Merger with the Czech left
272:Communist Party of Germany
155:Politics of Czechoslovakia
64:October 30, 1921
252:Union of Communist Groups
231:Founding party conference
217:Hungarian Soviet Republic
150:
141:International affiliation
140:
128:
117:
107:
95:
85:
75:
60:
45:
33:
21:
655:. Klartext. p. 37.
649:Heike van Hoorn (2004).
256:Stanislav Kostka Neumann
49:March 12, 1921
577:. P. Lang. p. 96.
452:Communist International
400:Der rote Gewerkschafter
193:Communist International
145:Communist International
184:
751:Anpassung ohne Erfolg
470:) Polish communists.
412:Frauenreichskonferenz
571:Jörg Kracik (1999).
287:Kreisorganisationen
725:Leo Stern (1969).
335:Mährisch-Schönberg
262:Building the party
820:978-0-7391-4378-0
761:978-3-534-12925-6
694:978-0-88033-156-2
662:978-3-89861-241-8
584:978-3-631-34672-3
557:978-0-7391-4378-0
519:978-3-8428-8726-8
276:Central Committee
173:
172:
160:Political parties
894:
846:
845:
836:
825:
824:
804:
798:
797:
788:
782:
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772:
766:
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742:
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611:
610:
600:
589:
588:
568:
562:
561:
541:
524:
523:
503:
441:Spartacus League
121:
86:Merged into
71:
69:
56:
54:
19:
18:
902:
901:
897:
896:
895:
893:
892:
891:
852:
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838:
837:
828:
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790:
789:
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769:
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743:
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723:
719:
706:
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695:
679:
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631:
614:
601:
592:
585:
569:
565:
558:
542:
527:
520:
504:
489:
484:
428:
420:Die Kommunistin
408:
363:
345:, Reichenberg,
331:Mährisch-Ostrau
264:
233:
205:
169:
119:
76:Split from
67:
65:
52:
50:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
900:
890:
889:
884:
879:
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869:
864:
848:
847:
826:
819:
799:
783:
767:
760:
734:
717:
714:. p. 374.
700:
693:
668:
661:
641:
612:
609:. p. 104.
590:
583:
563:
556:
525:
518:
486:
485:
483:
480:
437:Bohumír Šmeral
427:
424:
407:
404:
374:Internationale
362:
359:
299:Böhmisch Leipa
263:
260:
232:
229:
204:
201:
189:Czechoslovakia
171:
170:
168:
167:
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157:
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148:
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138:
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62:
58:
57:
47:
43:
42:
37:
31:
30:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
899:
888:
885:
883:
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873:
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868:
865:
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842:
835:
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831:
822:
816:
812:
811:
803:
795:
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779:
778:
771:
763:
757:
753:
752:
747:
741:
739:
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729:
721:
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304:
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296:
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288:
283:
281:
280:Alois Neurath
277:
273:
269:
268:Alois Neurath
259:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
228:
226:
225:Karl Kreibich
222:
218:
214:
210:
203:Split in DSAP
200:
198:
194:
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186:
182:
178:
166:
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102:
98:
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91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
74:
63:
59:
48:
44:
41:
40:Karl Kreibich
38:
36:
32:
20:
840:
809:
802:
792:
786:
776:
770:
750:
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720:
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703:
683:
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573:
566:
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508:
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391:
385:
381:
377:
373:
367:
364:
286:
284:
265:
249:
236:
234:
206:
176:
174:
109:Women's wing
99:
746:Klaus Sator
361:Party press
118:Membership
856:Categories
482:References
307:Freiwaldau
68:1921-10-30
53:1921-03-12
355:Warnsdorf
351:Trautenau
295:Bodenbach
245:21 theses
237:Parteitag
165:Elections
135:Communism
96:Newspaper
61:Dissolved
748:(1996).
369:Vorwärts
315:Karlsbad
130:Ideology
101:Vorwärts
35:Chairman
468:Ostrava
456:Dresden
392:Weckruf
347:Töplitz
323:Krummau
319:Komotau
311:Grulich
241:Liberec
221:Liberec
213:Hungary
66: (
51: (
46:Founded
817:
758:
691:
659:
581:
554:
516:
463:Moscow
339:Olmütz
291:Aussig
181:German
124:40,000
120:(1921)
432:Lenin
387:Kampf
303:Brünn
815:ISBN
756:ISBN
689:ISBN
657:ISBN
579:ISBN
552:ISBN
514:ISBN
353:and
343:Prag
327:Mies
250:The
175:The
289:):
254:of
858::
829:^
737:^
671:^
615:^
593:^
528:^
490:^
447:.
349:,
341:,
337:,
333:,
329:,
325:,
321:,
317:,
313:,
309:,
305:,
301:,
297:,
293:,
199:.
183::
823:.
764:.
697:.
665:.
587:.
560:.
522:.
179:(
70:)
55:)
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