38:
685:
721:
837:
814:. Manoeuvres to "reduce" or remove the loop include pulling the endoscope backwards while twisting it. Alternatively, body position changes and abdominal support from external hand pressure can often "straighten" the endoscope to allow the scope to move forward. In a minority of patients, looping is often cited as a cause for an incomplete examination. Usage of alternative instruments leading to completion of the examination has been investigated, including use of pediatric colonoscope, push enteroscope and upper GI endoscope variants.
269:
849:
861:
825:
260:
screening practices differ worldwide. For example, in the
European Union, several countries primarily employ fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) or sigmoidoscopy for population-based screening. These variations stem from differences in healthcare systems, policies, and cultural factors. Recent studies have stressed the need for screening strategies and awareness campaigns to combat colorectal cancer - on a global scale.
4319:
1071:
810:) in under 10 minutes in 95% of cases. Due to tight turns and redundancy in areas of the colon that are not "fixed", loops may form in which advancement of the endoscope creates a "bowing" effect that causes the tip to actually retract. These loops often result in discomfort due to stretching of the colon and its associated
252:, with the primary distinction being the specific parts of the colon that each procedure can examine. The same instrument used for sigmoidoscopy performs the colonoscopy. A colonoscopy permits a comprehensive examination of the entire colon, which is typically around 1,200 to 1,500 millimeters in length.
411:
of 18% in the risk of colorectal cancer (0.98% in the invited group vs. 1.20% in the usual-care group). The analysis showed no significant change in the risk of death from colorectal cancer (0.28% vs. 0.31%) or in the risk of death from any cause (11.03% vs. 11.04%). To prevent one case of colorectal
395:
NordICC was the first published trial on the use of colonoscopy as a screening test to prevent colorectal cancer, related death, and death from any cause. It included 84,585 healthy men and women aged 55 to 64 years in Poland, Norway, and Sweden, who were randomized to either receive an invitation to
376:
Some medical societies in the US recommend a screening colonoscopy every 10 years beginning at age 50 for adults without increased risk for colorectal cancer. Research shows that the risk of cancer is low for 10 years if a high-quality colonoscopy does not detect cancer, so tests for this purpose are
876:
The pain associated with the procedure is not caused by the insertion of the scope but rather by the inflation of the colon in order to do the inspection. The scope itself is essentially a long, flexible tube about a centimeter in diameter — that is, as big around as the little finger, which is less
418:
In 2021, the US spent $ 43 billion on cancer screening to prevent five cancers, with colonoscopies accounting for 55% of the total. According to expert Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, the death rate from colon cancer has been on a linear decline for 40 years, falling by nearly 50 percent from the 1980s (when
259:
Routine use of colonoscopy screening varies globally. In the US, colonoscopy is a commonly recommended and widely utilized screening method for colorectal cancer, often beginning at age 45 or 50, depending on risk factors and guidelines from organizations like the
American Cancer Society. However,
473:
The key to managing a colonoscopic perforation is diagnosis at the time. The reasons are because, typically, the bowel prep done to facilitate the examination acts to reduce the potential for contamination resulting in a higher likelihood of conservative management. In addition, recognised at the
372:
Subsequent rescreenings are then scheduled based on the initial results found, with a five- or ten-year recall being common for colonoscopies that produce normal results. People with a family history of colon cancer are often first screened during their teenage years. Among people who have had an
880:
The colon is wrinkled and corrugated, somewhat like an accordion or a clothes-dryer exhaust tube, which gives it the large surface area needed for nutrition and water absorption. In order to inspect this surface thoroughly, the physician blows it up like a balloon, using air from a compressor or
740:. Although meperidine (Demerol) may be used as an alternative to fentanyl, the concern of seizures has relegated this agent to second choice for sedation behind the combination of fentanyl and midazolam. The average person will receive a combination of these two drugs, usually between 25 and 100
384:
Since polyps often take 10 to 15 years to transform into cancer in someone at average risk of colorectal cancer, guidelines recommend 10 years after a normal screening colonoscopy before the next colonoscopy. (This interval does not apply to people at high risk of colorectal cancer or those who
380:
Colonoscopy screening is associated with approximately two-thirds fewer deaths due to colorectal cancers on the left side of the colon, and is not associated with a significant reduction in deaths from right-sided disease. It is speculated that colonoscopy might reduce rates of death from colon
255:
In contrast, a sigmoidoscopy allows for the examination of only the distal portion of the colon, which spans approximately 600 millimeters. This distinction is medically significant because the benefits of colonoscopy in terms of improving cancer survival have primarily been associated with the
921:
In the 1960s, Dr. Niwa and Dr. Yamagata at Tokyo
University developed the fibre-optic endoscopy device. After 1968, Dr. William Wolff and Dr. Hiromi Shinya pioneered the development of the colonoscope. Their invention, in 1969 in Japan, was a significant advance over the barium enema and the
817:
Lawsuits over missed cancerous lesions have recently prompted some institutions to better document endoscope examination times, as rapid examination times may be a source of potential medical legal liability. This is often a real concern in clinical settings where high caseloads could provide
396:
undergo a single screening colonoscopy (invited group) or to receive no invitation or screening (usual-care group). Of the 28,220 people in the invited group, 11,843 (42.0%) underwent screening. A total of 15 people who underwent colonoscopy (0.13%) had major bleeding after polyp removal.
897:
are used to reduce the patient's awareness of pain or discomfort, or just the unusual sensations of the procedure. Once the colon has been inflated, the doctor inspects it with the scope as it is slowly pulled backward. If any polyps are found they are then cut out for later biopsy.
1828:
Rex DK, Bond JH, Winawer S, Levin TR, Burt RW, Johnson DA, et al. (June 2002). "Quality in the technical performance of colonoscopy and the continuous quality improvement process for colonoscopy: recommendations of the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on
Colorectal Cancer".
535:. Treatment consists of intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and avoiding oral intake of food, water, etc. until symptoms improve. Risk factors include right colon polypectomy, large polyp size (>2 cm), non-polypoid lesions (laterally spreading lesions), and hypertension.
1043:
A survey on colonoscopy shows a poor understanding of its protective value and widespread misconceptions. The public has perceptual gaps around the purpose of colonoscopies, the subjective experience of the colonoscopy procedure, and the quantity of bowel preparation needed.
912:
Researchers have found that older patients with three or more significant health problems (i.e., dementia or heart failure) had higher rates of repeat colonoscopies without medical indications. These patients are less likely to live long enough to develop colon cancer.
922:
flexible sigmoidoscope because it allowed for the visualization and removal of polyps from the entire colon. Wolff and Shinya advocated for their invention and published much of the early evidence needed to overcome skepticism about the device's safety and efficacy.
542:
environment and infections can occur during biopsies by creating essentially a 'small shallow cut' during the biopsy, enabling bacterial intrusion into lower parts of the colon wall. In cases where the lining of the colon is perforated, bacteria can infiltrate the
783:. The endoscope has a movable tip and multiple channels for instrumentation, air, suction and light. The bowel is occasionally insufflated with air to maximize visibility (a procedure that gives the patient the false sensation of needing to take a
373:
initial colonoscopy that found no polyps, the risk of developing colorectal cancer within five years is extremely low. Therefore, there is no need for those people to have another colonoscopy sooner than five years after the first screening.
1872:
Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, Giardiello FM, Johnson DA, Kaltenbach T, et al. (July 2017). "Colorectal Cancer
Screening: Recommendations for Physicians and Patients from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer".
419:
few were screened) to 2024; however, the increase in screening did not accelerate the decline. Therefore, resources devoted to cancer screening would be better directed toward ensuring widespread access to effective cancer treatment.
981:
is however ill-constructed, as this form supposes that the first part of the compound consists of a possible root κολων- or κολον-, with the connecting vowel -o, instead of the root κόλ- of κόλον. A compound such as κολωνοειδής,
901:
Colonoscopy can be carried out without any sedation and a number of studies have been performed evaluating colonoscopy outcomes without sedation. Though in the US and EU the procedure is usually carried out with some form of
2358:
303:. The examination of the colon, to rule out a lesion contributing to blood loss, along with an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (gastroscopy) to rule out oesophageal, stomach, and proximal duodenal sources of blood loss.
3369:
Lichtenstein GR, Park PD, Long WB, Ginsberg GG, Kochman ML (January 1999). "Use of a push enteroscope improves ability to perform total colonoscopy in previously unsuccessful attempts at colonoscopy in adult patients".
889:
is absorbed into the bloodstream through the mucosal lining of the colon much faster than air and then exhaled through the lungs which is associated with less post procedural pain), in order to get the creases out.
4072:
2308:
Halpern MT, Liu B, Lowy DR, Gupta S, Croswell JM, Doria-Rose VP. The Annual Cost of Cancer
Screening in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Aug 6. doi: 10.7326/M24-0375. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39102723.
681:. The procedure may involve both a pill-form laxative and a bowel irrigation preparation with the polyethylene glycol powder dissolved into any clear liquid, such as a sports drink that contains electrolytes.
309:
is a quick test which can be done to test for microscopic traces of blood in the stool. A positive test is almost always an indication to do a colonoscopy. In most cases the positive result is just due to
37:
511:
Electrolyte imbalances caused by bowel preparation solutions is a possibility, but current bowel cleansing laxatives are formulated to account for electrolyte balance and it is a very rare event.
4128:
3880:
An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.
1385:
1594:
3006:"The timing of bowel preparation before colonoscopy determines the quality of cleansing, and is a significant factor contributing to the detection of flat lesions: a randomized study"
1320:
2208:
Bretthauer M, Løberg M, Wieszczy P, Kalager M, Emilsson L, Garborg K, et al. (October 2022). "Effect of
Colonoscopy Screening on Risks of Colorectal Cancer and Related Death".
712:, etc. for up to ten days before the procedure to avoid the risk of bleeding if a polypectomy is performed during the procedure. A blood test may be performed before the procedure.
2350:
1621:
233:
The purpose of a colonoscopy is to provide a visual diagnosis via inspection of the internal lining of the colon wall, which may include identifying issues such as ulceration or
3709:
3740:
1352:
1152:
4154:
2117:
2550:
4064:
2340:
Welch HG. Dollars and Sense: The Cost of Cancer
Screening in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Aug 6. doi: 10.7326/M24-0887. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39102720.
836:
431:
issues recommendations on colorectal cancer screening guidelines. These guidelines often change and are updated as new studies and technologies have become available
1415:
893:
The colon has sensors that can tell when there is unexpected gas pushing the colon walls out—which may cause mild discomfort. Usually, total anesthesia or a partial
4102:
2982:
337:
With regard to blood in the stool either visible or occult, it is worthy of note, that occasional rectal bleeding may have multiple non-serious potential causes.
2024:
381:
cancer by detecting some colon polyps and cancers on the left side of the colon early enough that they may be treated, and a smaller number on the right side.
345:
Colonoscopy is one of the colorectal cancer screening tests available to people in the US who are 45 years of age and older. The other screening tests include
1656:
4351:
1213:
3612:
3057:"A Randomized Trial Comparing the Bowel Cleansing Efficacy of Sodium Picosulfate/Magnesium Citrate and Polyethylene Glycol/Bisacodyl (The Bowklean Study)"
1059:. They filmed their own colonoscopies as part of a campaign called "Lead From Behind", demonstrating that the procedure can be both easy and lifesaving.
1626:
1290:
1182:
4124:
1803:
3543:
531:
procedures. It results from a burn injury to the wall of the colon causing abdominal pain, fever, elevated white blood cell count and elevated serum
2469:
5252:
2148:
1770:
53:
5374:
5023:
1377:
1586:
4984:
4226:"Recommendations for Follow-Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: A Consensus Update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer"
4183:"Recommendations for Follow-Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: A Consensus Update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer"
1312:
1260:
2280:"Colonoscopy Versus Fecal Immunochemical Test in Reducing Mortality From Colorectal Cancer (CONFIRM) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov"
1347:
1122:
5049:
587:
The colon must be free of solid matter for the test to be performed properly. For one to three days, the patient is required to follow a
4627:
4387:
748:
mg IV midazolam. Sedation practices vary between practitioners and nations; in some clinics in Norway, sedation is rarely administered.
3606:
2911:
3643:
2067:
334:
has become a routine part of colonoscopy, allowing quick and simple removal of polyps during the procedure, without invasive surgery.
5054:
4344:
3693:
2382:"Systematic review of colorectal cancer screening guidelines for average-risk adults: Summarizing the current global recommendations"
3732:
4790:
2935:"Optimizing adequacy of bowel cleansing for colonoscopy: recommendations from the US multi-society task force on colorectal cancer"
2038:
2020:
3161:
1342:
1144:
4947:
2881:
458:
The
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy estimates around three in 1,000 colonoscopies lead to serious complications.
4150:
2125:
2661:"Complication rates of colonic polypectomy in relation to polyp characteristics and techniques: a district hospital experience"
2542:
3834:
A Greek-English
Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie
2439:
2287:
1959:
1254:
1488:"Global perspective on colonoscopy use for colorectal cancer screening: A multi-country survey of practicing colonoscopists"
799:) may be sprayed through the endoscope onto the bowel wall to help visualize any abnormalities in the mucosal morphology. A
5563:
4502:
4337:
2589:
803:
updated in 2016 found strong evidence that chromoscopy enhances the detection of cancerous tumors in the colon and rectum.
524:
366:
1407:
474:
time allows the proceduralist to deploy strategies to seal the colon, or mark it should the patient require an operation.
5300:
4551:
4094:
848:
1283:"Small & Large Intestine Whereas a sigmoidoscopy is purposefully examining only the distal (left) side of the colon"
4989:
2974:
4007:"A survey on colonoscopy shows poor understanding of its protective value and widespread misconceptions across Europe"
3565:
Zhang K, Yuan Q, Zhu S, Xu D, An Z (April 2018). "Is Unsedated Colonoscopy Gaining Ground Over Sedated Colonoscopy?".
5247:
5242:
547:. Infection may also be introduced if the endoscope is not cleaned and sterilized appropriately between procedures.
2042:
5440:
3927:
Selby JV (September 2000). "Explaining recent declines in colorectal cancer incidence: was it the sigmoidoscope?".
1652:
1648:
1205:
4780:
806:
In most experienced hands, the endoscope is advanced to the junction of where the colon and small bowel join up (
2718:"Risks associated with colonoscopy in a population-based colon screening program: an observational cohort study"
1055:
have used their social media platform to raise awareness about the importance of colonoscopy as a procedure for
4487:
4438:
3600:
3271:"The Digital Divide: A Retrospective Survey of Digital Rectal Examinations during the Workup of Rectal Cancers"
1094:
1034:
1981:"Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale-Update based on new evidence"
860:
4869:
4613:
4461:
3004:
Parra-Blanco A, Nicolas-Perez D, Gimeno-Garcia A, Grosso B, Jimenez A, Ortega J, et al. (October 2006).
2319:
4329:
1616:
1282:
1174:
5317:
5135:
4854:
4681:
4558:
4378:
4323:
4065:"Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney Share Their Colonoscopy Videos To Encourage People to 'Lead From Behind'"
1792:
539:
467:
350:
3852:
Anastassiades CP, Cremonini F, Hadjinicolaou D (2008). "Colonoscopy and colonography: back to the roots".
5044:
4879:
4423:
2461:
404:
389:
2186:
5328:
4952:
4874:
4742:
4601:
1762:
1089:
824:
752:
415:
As of 2023, the CONFIRM trial, a randomized trial evaluating colonoscopy vs. FIT is currently ongoing.
293:
3962:
Gilbert RE (2014). "The politics of presidential illness. Ronald Reagan and the Iran-Contra Scandal".
3514:
523:
is removed (a polypectomy), the complication risk is higher. One of the most serious complications is
5558:
5140:
4930:
4844:
4752:
4671:
4443:
4433:
362:
277:
1439:"Is the practice of colorectal cancer screening questionable after the NordICC trial was published?"
903:
5573:
5234:
5089:
4747:
4428:
4370:
447:
392:
60:
4224:
Gupta S, Lieberman D, Anderson JC, Burke CA, Dominitz JA, Kaltenbach T, et al. (March 2020).
4181:
Gupta S, Lieberman D, Anderson JC, Burke CA, Dominitz JA, Kaltenbach T, et al. (March 2020).
2933:
Johnson DA, Barkun AN, Cohen LB, Dominitz JA, Kaltenbach T, Martel M, et al. (October 2014).
1017:
among many others, that actually lack the incorrect additional -on-. A few compound words such as
299:
Another common indication for colonoscopy is the investigation of iron deficiency with or without
5293:
5183:
5099:
4724:
4482:
1799:
1236:
435:
428:
408:
3220:
Dossa F, Dubé C, Tinmouth J, Sorvari A, Rabeneck L, McCurdy BR, et al. (16 February 2020).
763:
and the clinician may note issues with the prostate gland in men undergoing this procedure. The
5213:
5028:
4492:
4361:
3322:"Chromoscopy versus conventional endoscopy for the detection of polyps in the colon and rectum"
1056:
670:
346:
234:
1916:
Imperiale TF, Glowinski EA, Lin-Cooper C, Larkin GN, Rogge JD, Ransohoff DF (September 2008).
1114:
5188:
5118:
4974:
4568:
4529:
2716:
Tomaszewski M, Sanders D, Enns R, Gentile L, Cowie S, Nash C, et al. (12 October 2021).
2491:
Sartelli M, Viale P, Catena F, Ansaloni L, Moore E, Malangoni M, et al. (January 2013).
223:
2907:
2087:
1145:"Recommendation: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce"
538:
Although rare, infections of the colon are a potential colonoscopy risk. The colon is not a
5491:
5257:
4785:
4018:
3635:
3406:
3068:
2100:
925:
Some of the leading medical device companies in the colonoscopy market as of 2023 include:
3814:(29th ed.). Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Montreal/Sydney/Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company.
759:
and to determine if preparation has been adequate. A DRE is also useful in detecting anal
8:
5160:
5084:
4979:
4884:
4859:
4775:
4770:
4714:
4509:
934:
894:
720:
674:
354:
331:
4022:
3222:"Practice recommendations for the use of sedation in routine hospital-based colonoscopy"
3072:
1463:
1438:
5568:
5286:
4654:
4497:
4293:
4268:
4250:
4225:
4207:
4182:
4041:
4006:
3987:
3489:
3462:
3395:
3346:
3321:
3297:
3270:
3246:
3221:
3168:
3138:
3113:
3089:
3056:
3032:
3005:
2858:
2831:
2807:
2774:
2750:
2717:
2693:
2660:
2636:
2611:
2519:
2492:
2408:
2381:
2267:
2243:
2173:
1979:
Winawer S, Fletcher R, Rex D, Bond J, Burt R, Ferrucci J, et al. (February 2003).
1898:
1854:
1704:
1679:
1563:
1536:
1512:
1487:
1084:
986:, (with the additional -on-) is derived from the ancient Greek word κολώνη or κολωνός,
658:
642:
532:
323:
319:
306:
227:
3940:
3905:
3193:
Bretthauer M, Hoff G, Severinsen H, Erga J, Sauar J, Huppertz-Hauss G (May 2004). "".
2885:
2773:
Jehangir A, Bennett KM, Rettew AC, Fadahunsi O, Shaikh B, Donato A (19 October 2015).
1740:
5478:
5384:
5366:
5220:
5104:
5066:
4912:
4822:
4644:
4536:
4477:
4298:
4255:
4212:
4046:
3979:
3944:
3909:
3861:
3701:
3674:
3582:
3535:
3494:
3443:
3387:
3383:
3351:
3302:
3251:
3202:
3143:
3094:
3037:
2956:
2863:
2812:
2794:
2755:
2737:
2698:
2680:
2641:
2581:
2524:
2413:
2247:
2235:
2178:
2092:
2066:
Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF, Saskin R, Urbach DR, Rabeneck L (January 2009).
2002:
1939:
1890:
1846:
1842:
1744:
1709:
1568:
1517:
1468:
1250:
779:(sigmoid, descending, transverse and ascending colon, the cecum), and ultimately the
666:
400:
358:
242:
48:
3991:
3399:
2775:"Post-polypectomy electrocoagulation syndrome: a rare cause of acute abdominal pain"
1858:
618:
which are depleted during the purging of the bowel. Drinks containing fiber such as
5224:
5061:
4467:
4288:
4280:
4245:
4237:
4202:
4194:
4036:
4026:
3971:
3936:
3901:
3892:
Wiedeman JE (June 2009). "Presidential operations: medical fact or urban legend?".
3574:
3527:
3484:
3474:
3433:
3379:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3292:
3282:
3269:
Farooq O, Farooq A, Ghosh S, Qadri R, Steed T, Quinton M, et al. (July 2021).
3241:
3233:
3133:
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3017:
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2853:
2843:
2802:
2786:
2745:
2729:
2688:
2672:
2631:
2623:
2514:
2504:
2403:
2393:
2225:
2217:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2082:
1992:
1929:
1902:
1882:
1838:
1736:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1558:
1548:
1507:
1499:
1458:
1450:
1242:
990:. Similarly, colonoscopy (with the additional -on-) can literally be translated as
842:
A sterile solution is injected under the polyp to lift it away from deeper tissues.
662:
596:
544:
520:
327:
268:
172:
118:
4241:
3422:"Colonoscopic withdrawal times and adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy"
2431:
2279:
2262:
630:
red, purple, orange, or sometimes brown; however, cola is allowed. In most cases,
92:
5506:
5262:
5039:
5035:
5018:
5013:
4800:
4696:
4686:
4661:
4649:
4636:
4588:
4198:
4125:"Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney get a colonoscopy on camera to raise awareness"
4031:
2951:
2934:
2033:
1963:
1503:
1076:
800:
792:
776:
66:
3237:
684:
5267:
5094:
4957:
4902:
4608:
4578:
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4413:
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3578:
3531:
3080:
2573:
1052:
882:
796:
784:
627:
611:
588:
315:
3287:
5552:
5412:
5346:
5178:
4907:
4837:
4573:
4408:
4359:
3705:
3539:
3479:
3420:
Barclay RL, Vicari JJ, Doughty AS, Johanson JF, Greenlaw RL (December 2006).
3022:
2798:
2741:
2684:
1918:"Five-year risk of colorectal neoplasia after negative screening colonoscopy"
1048:
1037:
1030:
938:
930:
434:
Many other national organizations also issue such guidance, such as the UK's
249:
79:
3003:
2790:
1997:
1980:
1956:
5501:
5458:
5453:
5425:
5402:
5397:
5155:
4969:
4864:
4849:
4704:
4302:
4284:
4259:
4216:
4050:
3983:
3948:
3913:
3865:
3586:
3498:
3447:
3355:
3306:
3255:
3206:
3147:
3129:
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3041:
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2816:
2759:
2733:
2702:
2645:
2585:
2528:
2417:
2398:
2239:
2182:
2096:
2006:
1943:
1894:
1850:
1748:
1713:
1572:
1553:
1521:
1472:
678:
654:
623:
614:. It is important that the patient remains hydrated. Sports drinks contain
607:
289:
3678:
3391:
2509:
2221:
1934:
1917:
1246:
470:, which is life-threatening and requires immediate surgical intervention.
5511:
5496:
5486:
5474:
5420:
5356:
5351:
5336:
5145:
5001:
4964:
4832:
4827:
4676:
4563:
4546:
4524:
4514:
4418:
4269:"Vital Signs: Colorectal Cancer Screening Test Use - United States, 2018"
3438:
3421:
2627:
2266:
for "The Northern-European Initiative on Colorectal Cancer (NordICC)" at
1886:
704:
The patient may be asked not to take aspirin or similar products such as
615:
592:
483:
311:
285:
222:
portion of the small bowel. This examination is performed using either a
215:
86:
4095:"Ryan Reynolds And Rob McElhenney Film Each Other Getting Colonoscopies"
2230:
438:
and various European agencies, guidance can vary between such agencies.
5532:
5463:
5448:
5430:
5392:
5208:
5150:
5127:
4894:
4762:
4541:
4519:
4267:
Joseph DA, King JB, Dowling NF, Thomas CC, Richardson LC (March 2020).
2848:
768:
705:
693:
603:
600:
281:
2676:
1454:
1001:
In English, multiple words exist that are derived from κόλον, such as
818:
financial incentive to complete colonoscopies as quickly as possible.
102:
5527:
5309:
5005:
4808:
4719:
4709:
4666:
4596:
4400:
811:
788:
764:
756:
737:
709:
650:
571:
563:
559:
211:
20:
3975:
2019:
5537:
5361:
5076:
4817:
3851:
3665:
Wolff WI (September 1989). "Colonoscopy: history and development".
2493:"2013 WSES guidelines for management of intra-abdominal infections"
2320:"$ 43 Billion Price Tag on Cancer Screening Each Year Spurs Debate"
926:
760:
733:
729:
689:
646:
566:
that may have been used. If medication is given intravenously, the
555:
230:, which is mounted on a flexible tube and passed through the anus.
2975:"Preparing for Your Colonoscopy: Types of Kits & Instructions"
1915:
4453:
3601:"Health and Economic Benefits of Colorectal Cancer Interventions"
1957:
No Need to Repeat Colonoscopy Until 5 Years After First Screening
300:
74:
2118:"Interval between Colonoscopies May be Shorter than Recommended"
1622:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
1179:
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
450:
insurance covers a number of colorectal-cancer screening tests.
5170:
4734:
4318:
3794:
Stedman's concise medical dictionary for the health professions
3733:"Top companies and takeaways of the endoscopy devices industry"
3460:
2207:
965:
are derived from the ancient Greek noun κόλον, same as English
946:
942:
772:
635:
551:
238:
219:
4151:"Celebrity Actors Film Their Colonoscopies to Bring Awareness"
3461:
Ekkelenkamp VE, Dowler K, Valori RM, Dunckley P (April 2013).
2772:
2147:
Goodwin JS, Singh A, Reddy N, Riall TS, Kuo YF (August 2011).
1680:"The Importance of Colonoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"
1029:
The procedure of colonoscopy gained national attention in the
4939:
2715:
2571:
2380:
Bénard F, Barkun AN, Martel M, von Renteln D (January 2018).
2379:
2149:"Overuse of screening colonoscopy in the Medicare population"
2068:"Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer"
807:
780:
697:
619:
5278:
3766:(21st ed.). Philadelphia/London: W.B. Saunders Company.
3419:
3368:
3192:
2830:
Anderloni A, Jovani M, Hassan C, Repici A (30 August 2014).
2779:
Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
2065:
4223:
4180:
2829:
2610:
Costelha J, Dias R, Teixeira C, Aragão I (26 August 2019).
2490:
1881:(7). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 1016–1030.
1871:
1408:"Statement on the Council cancer screening recommendations"
567:
202:
196:
178:
157:
151:
133:
2932:
2609:
187:
142:
127:
3694:"Dr. William Wolff, Colonoscopy Co-Developer, Dies at 94"
3167:. Palo Alto Medical Foundation. June 2006. Archived from
1677:
631:
256:
detection of lesions in the distal portion of the colon.
3854:
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
3219:
591:
or clear-liquid-only diet. Examples of clear fluids are
4266:
1727:
Sivak MV (December 2004). "Polypectomy: looking back".
506:
4004:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3268:
2832:"Advances, problems, and complications of polypectomy"
2146:
1978:
871:
412:
cancer, 455 invitations to colonoscopy were required.
280:, unexplained changes in bowel habit and suspicion of
2616:
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
2025:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
1678:
Passos MA, Chaves FC, Chaves-Junior N (2 July 2018).
1372:
1370:
193:
190:
175:
148:
145:
139:
124:
121:
3847:
3845:
3843:
2351:"Bowel cancer screening: guidelines for colonoscopy"
1763:"Rectal Bleeding: What It Means & When to Worry"
1485:
1066:
199:
184:
154:
130:
3818:
3319:
1827:
1537:"Screening colonoscopy: The present and the future"
181:
136:
3796:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
3513:
3112:Kumar AS, Kelleher DC, Sigle GW (September 2013).
3111:
1793:"Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Early Detection"
1367:
1234:
3840:
3320:Brown SR, Baraza W, Din S, Riley S (April 2016).
2572:Smith G, D'Cruz JR, Rondeau B, Goldman J (2023),
2484:
1486:Audibert C, Perlaky A, Glass D (September 2017).
728:During the procedure, the patient is often given
477:
5550:
1235:Waye JD, Aisenberg J, Rubin PH (18 April 2013).
2580:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
276:Conditions that call for colonoscopies include
5375:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
3805:
3803:
3564:
2201:
1436:
1343:"Recommendation: Colorectal Cancer: Screening"
5294:
4985:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
4386:
4345:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3761:
3409:for purposes of Knowledge content enrichment.
1974:
1972:
3998:
3955:
3920:
3885:
3831:
3511:
3463:"Patient comfort and quality in colonoscopy"
3054:
2926:
1865:
1348:United States Preventive Services Task Force
4273:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
3800:
3764:The American illustrated medical dictionary
3755:
3640:British Society for the History of Medicine
3633:
3567:Journal of the National Medical Association
3326:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3114:"Bowel Preparation before Elective Surgery"
2658:
2612:"Hyponatremic Coma after Bowel Preparation"
1492:Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
1437:Wong MC, Huang J, Liang PS (October 2023).
724:Schematic overview of colonoscopy procedure
626:should not be consumed, nor should liquids
466:The most serious complication is generally
292:, but are also frequently used to diagnose
284:. Colonoscopies are often used to diagnose
5301:
5287:
4635:
4352:
4338:
3872:
3770:
3607:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3405:Note:Single use PDF copy provided free by
2836:Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology
2665:Journal of Interventional Gastroenterology
1969:
1684:Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva
1534:
237:polyps, and to enable the opportunity for
36:
5126:
4292:
4249:
4206:
4040:
4030:
4005:Amlani B, Radaelli F, Bhandari P (2020).
3488:
3478:
3437:
3345:
3296:
3286:
3245:
3137:
3088:
3031:
3021:
2950:
2857:
2847:
2806:
2749:
2692:
2635:
2518:
2508:
2407:
2397:
2229:
2172:
2086:
1996:
1966:Newswise, Retrieved on 17 September 2008.
1933:
1703:
1562:
1552:
1511:
1462:
692:) with electrolyte used to clean out the
340:
4791:Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
4230:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
3891:
3812:Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary
3809:
3667:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
3372:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
3162:"Colyte/Trilyte Colonoscopy Preparation"
3055:Hung SY, Chen HC, Chen WT (March 2020).
2059:
2039:American Gastroenterological Association
2021:American Gastroenterological Association
1875:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
1831:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
1206:"Do Colonoscopies Prevent Colon Cancer?"
1119:The American Heritage Medical Dictionary
732:intravenously, employing agents such as
719:
683:
267:
4948:Artificial extracorporeal liver support
3961:
3658:
3195:Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening
2900:
2254:
2140:
2088:10.7326/0003-4819-150-1-200901060-00306
2013:
877:than the diameter of an average stool.
791:. Additionally in a procedure known as
755:(DRE), to examine the tone of the anal
403:due to colonoscopy. After 10 years, an
399:None of the participants experienced a
248:Colonoscopy is similar in principle to
210:) is a medical procedure involving the
5551:
3791:
3691:
2874:
2317:
2032:Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the
1587:"Colorectal Cancer Signs and Symptoms"
1024:
854:A portion of the polyp is now removed.
700:exam procedures such as a colonoscopy.
355:computed tomographic (CT) colonography
5282:
4333:
4157:from the original on 13 November 2023
4131:from the original on 13 November 2023
4105:from the original on 14 November 2023
4075:from the original on 14 November 2023
3926:
3743:from the original on 17 November 2023
3664:
3646:from the original on 17 November 2023
3636:"50 Years of Fibre-optic Colonoscopy"
3546:from the original on 27 February 2024
2908:"What to expect after a colonoscopy?"
2290:from the original on 26 February 2019
1809:from the original on 16 November 2015
1726:
1323:from the original on 10 November 2023
1263:from the original on 10 November 2023
1155:from the original on 10 November 2023
1149:www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org
1040:underwent a life-saving colonoscopy.
787:). Biopsies are frequently taken for
385:experience symptoms of the disease.)
4503:Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
3615:from the original on 7 November 2023
3520:Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery
3515:"Patient comfort during colonoscopy"
3512:Brown S, Whitlow CB (1 March 2017).
2985:from the original on 9 November 2023
2553:from the original on 9 November 2023
2472:from the original on 7 November 2023
2442:from the original on 7 November 2023
2361:from the original on 7 November 2023
1773:from the original on 7 November 2023
1597:from the original on 7 November 2023
1418:from the original on 7 November 2023
1388:from the original on 7 November 2023
1355:from the original on 7 November 2023
1293:from the original on 7 November 2023
1216:from the original on 7 November 2023
669:) and large quantities of fluid, or
550:Minor colonoscopy risks may include
525:postpolypectomy coagulation syndrome
507:Colon preparation electrolyte issues
486:, complications can occur, such as:
441:
367:multitarget stool DNA screening test
359:guaiac-based fecal occult blood test
4552:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
4360:Tests and procedures involving the
3712:from the original on 6 October 2023
3426:The New England Journal of Medicine
3118:Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery
2210:The New England Journal of Medicine
1922:The New England Journal of Medicine
1802:. 5 February 2015. pp. 16–24.
1443:Clinical and Translational Medicine
872:Patient comfort and pain management
641:The day before the colonoscopy (or
453:
13:
4990:Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
4173:
3882:New York: D. Appleton and Company.
3730:
3634:Wawrzynczak E (16 February 2019).
3522:. SI: Advanced Endoscopy Outline.
2914:from the original on 9 August 2017
2592:from the original on 26 March 2023
2497:World Journal of Emergency Surgery
1535:Hayman CV, Vyas D (January 2021).
1133:– via thefreedictionary.com.
1021:have doublets with -on- inserted.
422:
14:
5585:
4311:
3906:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.01.024
3467:World Journal of Gastroenterology
3010:World Journal of Gastroenterology
2574:"General Anesthesia for Surgeons"
2386:World Journal of Gastroenterology
1541:World Journal of Gastroenterology
673:is performed using a solution of
645:), the patient is either given a
314:; however, it can also be due to
272:Inner diameters of colon sections
4317:
3384:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00794.x
2432:"Colonoscopy Screening Coverage"
1843:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05812.x
1653:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
1125:from the original on 12 May 2021
1069:
859:
847:
835:
823:
638:taken without milk are allowed.
482:As with any procedure involving
171:
117:
4781:Lateral internal sphincterotomy
4143:
4117:
4087:
4057:
3724:
3685:
3627:
3593:
3558:
3505:
3454:
3413:
3362:
3313:
3262:
3213:
3186:
3154:
3105:
3048:
2997:
2967:
2823:
2766:
2709:
2652:
2603:
2565:
2535:
2454:
2424:
2373:
2343:
2334:
2311:
2302:
2272:
2110:
1950:
1909:
1821:
1785:
1755:
1720:
1671:
1659:from the original on 5 May 2022
1641:
1629:from the original on 3 May 2022
1609:
1579:
1528:
1479:
1430:
1400:
1203:
1185:from the original on 3 May 2022
690:polyethylene glycol or macrogol
595:, chicken and/or beef broth or
263:
4488:Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
4439:Functional Lumen Imaging Probe
3762:Dorland WA, Miller EC (1948).
3338:10.1002/14651858.CD006439.pub4
2785:(5): 10.3402/jchimp.v5.29147.
2462:"Are Colonoscopies Dangerous?"
2165:10.1001/archinternmed.2011.212
1696:10.1590/0102-672020180001e1374
1335:
1305:
1275:
1228:
1197:
1167:
1137:
1107:
1095:Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale
582:
478:Issues from general anesthesia
461:
318:, inflammatory bowel disease (
1:
5308:
4870:Lower gastrointestinal series
4614:Upper gastrointestinal series
4242:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000544
3941:10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00540-4
3692:Martin D (2 September 2011).
2153:Archives of Internal Medicine
1741:10.1016/S0016-5107(04)02380-6
1378:"Colorectal Cancer Guideline"
1100:
570:may become irritated or mild
5136:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
4855:Double-contrast barium enema
4682:Partial ileal bypass surgery
4559:Esophagogastric dissociation
4199:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.026
4032:10.1371/journal.pone.0233490
3832:Liddell HG, Scott R (1940).
2952:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.002
2543:"Anesthesia Risk Assessment"
1504:10.1016/j.conctc.2017.06.008
1121:. Houghton Mifflin Company.
952:
907:
751:The first step is usually a
715:
577:
519:During colonoscopies when a
468:gastrointestinal perforation
405:intention-to-screen analysis
351:double-contrast barium enema
241:or the removal of suspected
7:
5564:Diagnostic gastroenterology
4953:Bioartificial liver devices
4880:Transrectal ultrasonography
3238:10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000348
2945:(4). Elsevier BV: 903–924.
2659:Choo WK, Subhani J (2012).
2318:Kolata G (August 7, 2024).
2075:Annals of Internal Medicine
1062:
866:The polyp is fully removed.
767:is then passed through the
377:indicated every ten years.
278:gastrointestinal hemorrhage
42:Colonoscopy being performed
10:
5590:
5441:Female reproductive system
5329:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
4875:Small-bowel follow-through
4743:Abdominoperineal resection
4602:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
4069:Colorectal Cancer Alliance
3878:Foster, F.D. (1891-1893).
3836:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
3579:10.1016/j.jnma.2016.12.003
3532:10.1053/j.scrs.2016.11.004
3081:10.1038/s41598-020-62120-w
2466:Colorectal Cancer Alliance
1729:Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
1090:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
916:
795:, a contrast-dye (such as
753:digital rectal examination
294:inflammatory bowel disease
18:
5520:
5472:
5439:
5411:
5383:
5316:
5235:Clinical prediction rules
5233:
5201:
5169:
5141:Intraperitoneal injection
5117:
5075:
5000:
4938:
4929:
4893:
4845:Abdominal ultrasonography
4799:
4761:
4753:Total mesorectal excision
4733:
4695:
4672:Intestine transplantation
4626:
4587:
4462:Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
4452:
4444:High resolution manometry
4434:Esophageal motility study
4395:
4377:
4368:
3288:10.3390/healthcare9070855
3226:BMJ Open Gastroenterology
363:fecal immunochemical test
99:
85:
73:
59:
47:
35:
30:
5090:Pancreas transplantation
4748:Lower anterior resection
4429:Esophageal pH monitoring
4371:Digestive system surgery
3480:10.3748/wjg.v19.i15.2355
3023:10.3748/wjg.v12.i38.6161
1962:16 December 2018 at the
1317:www.cancerresearchuk.org
1313:"Flexible sigmoidoscopy"
996:examination of the colon
969:, and the verb σκοπεῖν,
514:
393:pragmatic clinical trial
19:Not to be confused with
16:Examination of the bowel
5184:Inguinal hernia surgery
5100:Pancreaticoduodenectomy
4483:Adjustable gastric band
4424:Impedance–pH monitoring
3792:Dirckx JH, ed. (1997).
2791:10.3402/jchimp.v5.29147
1998:10.1053/gast.2003.50044
1800:American Cancer Society
992:examination of the hill
429:American Cancer Society
409:relative risk reduction
357:(virtual colonoscopy),
5318:Gastrointestinal tract
5214:Exploratory laparotomy
5029:Hepatoportoenterostomy
4493:Gastric bypass surgery
4362:human digestive system
4285:10.15585/mmwr.mm6910a1
3130:10.1055/s-0033-1351129
2734:10.9778/cmajo.20200192
2399:10.3748/wjg.v24.i1.124
2260:Clinical trial number
1554:10.3748/wjg.v27.i3.233
1057:colon cancer screening
744:μg IV fentanyl and 1–4
725:
701:
671:whole bowel irrigation
496:paradoxical agitation,
493:cardiovascular issues,
446:In the United States,
347:flexible sigmoidoscopy
341:Colon cancer screening
273:
5189:Femoral hernia repair
4975:Liver transplantation
4569:Nissen fundoplication
4127:. 14 September 2022.
4101:. 13 September 2022.
2510:10.1186/1749-7922-8-3
2222:10.1056/NEJMoa2208375
1935:10.1056/NEJMoa0803597
1247:10.1002/9781118553442
1241:(1 ed.). Wiley.
1238:Practical Colonoscopy
1175:"Colonoscopy - NIDDK"
933:, Pro Scope Systems,
885:from a gas bottle (CO
723:
687:
649:preparation (such as
407:showed a significant
271:
5492:Laparoscopic surgery
4786:Rubber band ligation
4725:Hartmann's operation
4326:at Wikimedia Commons
3810:Anderson DM (2000).
3737:blog.bccresearch.com
3439:10.1056/nejmoa055498
3407:Blackwell Publishing
2628:10.12890/2019_001217
2547:Made For This Moment
2322:. The New York Times
1887:10.1038/ajg.2017.174
830:Polyp is identified.
688:A container of PEG (
527:, occurring in 1 in
326:), colon cancer, or
5161:Peritoneal dialysis
4980:Portal hypertension
4885:Virtual colonoscopy
4860:Endoanal ultrasound
4776:Anorectal manometry
4771:Anal sphincterotomy
4715:Colonic polypectomy
4510:Collis gastroplasty
4193:(4): 1131–1153.e5.
4023:2020PLoSO..1533490A
3073:2020NatSR..10.5604H
2189:on 1 September 2011
2106:on 18 January 2012.
1655:. 7 December 2021.
1025:Society and culture
935:Olympus Corporation
675:polyethylene glycol
490:allergic reactions,
332:Colonic polypectomy
214:examination of the
4655:Jejunoileal bypass
4498:Sleeve gastrectomy
3698:The New York Times
3061:Scientific Reports
2882:"Bowel Infections"
2849:10.2147/CEG.S43084
2284:clinicaltrials.gov
2268:ClinicalTrials.gov
1085:Bow and arrow sign
726:
702:
659:sodium picosulfate
643:colorectal surgery
533:C-reactive protein
324:ulcerative colitis
307:Fecal occult blood
274:
228:fiber optic camera
5546:
5545:
5385:Respiratory tract
5367:Capsule endoscopy
5276:
5275:
5221:Rapid urease test
5197:
5196:
5113:
5112:
5105:Puestow procedure
5067:Cholescintigraphy
4925:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4913:Stool guaiac test
4823:Capsule endoscopy
4645:Bariatric surgery
4622:
4621:
4537:Gastroenterostomy
4478:Bariatric surgery
4322:Media related to
3964:Politics Life Sci
3611:. 16 March 2023.
3473:(15): 2355–2361.
3432:(24): 2533–2541.
3201:(10): 1402–1405.
3016:(38): 6161–6166.
2677:10.4161/jig.20126
2216:(17): 1547–1556.
2159:(15): 1335–1343.
1928:(12): 1218–1224.
1455:10.1002/ctm2.1365
1256:978-0-470-67058-3
994:, instead of the
895:twilight sedative
667:magnesium citrate
442:Medicare coverage
401:colon perforation
243:colorectal cancer
110:
109:
75:OPS-301 code
5581:
5559:Cancer screening
5303:
5296:
5289:
5280:
5279:
5258:Child–Pugh score
5225:Urea breath test
5124:
5123:
5085:Frey's procedure
5062:Cholecystography
4936:
4935:
4633:
4632:
4468:Nasogastric tube
4393:
4392:
4384:
4383:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4331:
4330:
4321:
4306:
4296:
4263:
4253:
4220:
4210:
4187:Gastroenterology
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3889:
3883:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3849:
3838:
3837:
3829:
3816:
3815:
3807:
3798:
3797:
3789:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3673:(9): 1017–1025.
3662:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
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3517:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3482:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3417:
3411:
3403:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3290:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3249:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3197:(in Norwegian).
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3174:on 14 April 2007
3173:
3166:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3035:
3025:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2979:Cleveland Clinic
2971:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2939:Gastroenterology
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2884:. Archived from
2878:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2851:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2728:(4): E940–E947.
2713:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2512:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2436:www.medicare.gov
2428:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2401:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2276:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2233:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2185:. Archived from
2176:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2128:on 7 August 2011
2124:. Archived from
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2099:. Archived from
2090:
2072:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2048:on 9 August 2012
2047:
2041:, archived from
2029:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1985:Gastroenterology
1976:
1967:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1937:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1837:(6): 1296–1308.
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1767:Cleveland Clinic
1759:
1753:
1752:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1556:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1111:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
863:
851:
839:
827:
747:
743:
663:sodium phosphate
545:abdominal cavity
530:
454:Procedural risks
218:(colon) and the
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
103:edit on Wikidata
95:
69:
40:
28:
27:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5574:Large intestine
5549:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5516:
5507:Mediastinoscopy
5468:
5435:
5407:
5379:
5312:
5307:
5277:
5272:
5263:Ranson criteria
5229:
5193:
5165:
5109:
5071:
5040:Cholangiography
5036:Medical imaging
5019:Cholecystostomy
5014:Cholecystectomy
4996:
4917:
4889:
4801:Medical imaging
4795:
4757:
4729:
4691:
4687:Strictureplasty
4662:Bowel resection
4650:Duodenal switch
4618:
4589:Medical imaging
4583:
4448:
4379:Digestive tract
4373:
4364:
4358:
4314:
4309:
4279:(10): 253–259.
4176:
4174:Further reading
4171:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4017:(5): e0233490.
4003:
3999:
3976:10.2990/33_2_58
3960:
3956:
3925:
3921:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3873:
3850:
3841:
3830:
3819:
3808:
3801:
3790:
3771:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3690:
3686:
3663:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3632:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3510:
3506:
3459:
3455:
3418:
3414:
3367:
3363:
3332:(4): CD006439.
3318:
3314:
3267:
3263:
3218:
3214:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3110:
3106:
3053:
3049:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2888:on 2 April 2019
2880:
2879:
2875:
2828:
2824:
2771:
2767:
2714:
2710:
2657:
2653:
2608:
2604:
2595:
2593:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2259:
2255:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2034:ABIM Foundation
2027:
2018:
2014:
1977:
1970:
1964:Wayback Machine
1955:
1951:
1914:
1910:
1870:
1866:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1725:
1721:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1533:
1529:
1484:
1480:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1257:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1077:Medicine portal
1075:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1027:
955:
919:
910:
888:
874:
867:
864:
855:
852:
843:
840:
831:
828:
801:Cochrane review
793:chromoendoscopy
745:
741:
718:
696:before certain
585:
580:
528:
517:
509:
480:
464:
456:
444:
425:
423:Recommendations
343:
320:Crohn's disease
266:
174:
170:
120:
116:
106:
91:
65:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5587:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5306:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5283:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5268:Milan criteria
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5121:
5119:Abdominopelvic
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5095:Pancreatectomy
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4958:Liver dialysis
4955:
4944:
4942:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:Fecal fat test
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4641:
4639:
4630:
4628:Lower GI tract
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4609:Barium swallow
4606:
4605:
4604:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4579:Schilling test
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4475:
4473:Gastric lavage
4470:
4465:
4458:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4414:Heller myotomy
4411:
4405:
4403:
4390:
4388:Upper GI tract
4381:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4342:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4313:
4312:External links
4310:
4308:
4307:
4264:
4236:(3): 415–434.
4221:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4142:
4116:
4086:
4056:
3997:
3954:
3919:
3894:J Am Coll Surg
3884:
3871:
3860:(6): 345–347.
3839:
3817:
3799:
3769:
3754:
3723:
3684:
3657:
3626:
3592:
3573:(2): 143–148.
3557:
3504:
3453:
3412:
3378:(1): 187–190.
3361:
3312:
3261:
3232:(1): e000348.
3212:
3185:
3153:
3124:(3): 146–152.
3104:
3047:
2996:
2966:
2925:
2899:
2873:
2822:
2765:
2708:
2651:
2602:
2564:
2534:
2483:
2453:
2423:
2392:(1): 124–138.
2372:
2342:
2333:
2310:
2301:
2271:
2253:
2200:
2139:
2109:
2058:
2012:
1991:(2): 544–560.
1968:
1949:
1908:
1864:
1820:
1784:
1754:
1735:(6): 977–982.
1719:
1670:
1640:
1608:
1591:www.cancer.org
1578:
1547:(3): 233–239.
1527:
1478:
1429:
1399:
1382:www.cancer.org
1366:
1334:
1304:
1274:
1255:
1227:
1196:
1166:
1136:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1064:
1061:
1053:Rob McElhenney
1026:
1023:
954:
951:
918:
915:
909:
906:
886:
883:carbon dioxide
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
858:
856:
853:
846:
844:
841:
834:
832:
829:
822:
797:indigo carmine
785:bowel movement
781:terminal ileum
717:
714:
584:
581:
579:
576:
516:
513:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:dental injury.
500:
497:
494:
491:
479:
476:
463:
460:
455:
452:
443:
440:
424:
421:
342:
339:
316:diverticulosis
265:
262:
108:
107:
100:
97:
96:
89:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
63:
57:
56:
51:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5586:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5413:Urinary tract
5410:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Sigmoidoscopy
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5290:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:Hernia repair
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Fecal pH test
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:Sigmoidoscopy
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4574:Pyloromyotomy
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
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4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
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4504:
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4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:Esophagectomy
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4372:
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4316:
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3900:(6): 1132–7.
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3000:
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2809:
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2800:
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2647:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2622:(9): 001217.
2621:
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2587:
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2175:
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2166:
2162:
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2154:
2150:
2143:
2127:
2123:
2122:Cancerconnect
2119:
2113:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:
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2022:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1927:
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1904:
1900:
1896:
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1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1649:"Colonoscopy"
1644:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1617:"Colonoscopy"
1612:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
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1292:
1288:
1287:SEER Training
1284:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1215:
1211:
1210:URMC Newsroom
1207:
1200:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:"Colonoscopy"
1110:
1106:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Ryan Reynolds
1045:
1041:
1039:
1038:Ronald Reagan
1036:
1033:in 1985 when
1032:
1031:United States
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
950:
948:
944:
940:
939:Medtronic Plc
936:
932:
931:Karl Storz SE
928:
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914:
905:
904:
899:
896:
891:
884:
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639:
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633:
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410:
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394:
391:
386:
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378:
374:
370:
369:(Cologuard).
368:
364:
360:
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352:
348:
338:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
270:
261:
257:
253:
251:
250:sigmoidoscopy
246:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
207:
168:
162:
114:
104:
98:
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68:
64:
62:
58:
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52:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5502:Thoracoscopy
5459:Falloposcopy
5454:Hysteroscopy
5426:Ureteroscopy
5403:Bronchoscopy
5398:Laryngoscopy
5341:
5156:Paracentesis
4970:Liver biopsy
4865:Enteroclysis
4850:Defecography
4812:
4705:Appendectomy
4276:
4272:
4233:
4229:
4190:
4186:
4159:. Retrieved
4145:
4133:. Retrieved
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4098:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4068:
4059:
4014:
4010:
4000:
3970:(2): 58–76.
3967:
3963:
3957:
3935:(4): 332–4.
3932:
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3922:
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3893:
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3879:
3874:
3857:
3853:
3833:
3811:
3793:
3763:
3757:
3745:. Retrieved
3736:
3726:
3714:. Retrieved
3697:
3687:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3648:. Retrieved
3639:
3629:
3617:. Retrieved
3604:
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3566:
3560:
3548:. Retrieved
3523:
3519:
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3456:
3429:
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3375:
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3315:
3278:
3274:
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3229:
3225:
3215:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3176:. Retrieved
3169:the original
3156:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2978:
2969:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:the original
2876:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2619:
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2605:
2594:, retrieved
2577:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2546:
2537:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2435:
2426:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
2354:
2345:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2313:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2261:
2256:
2231:10852/101829
2213:
2209:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2187:the original
2156:
2152:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:the original
2121:
2112:
2101:the original
2078:
2074:
2061:
2050:, retrieved
2043:the original
2031:
2015:
1988:
1984:
1952:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1690:(2): e1374.
1687:
1683:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1381:
1357:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1316:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1286:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1237:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1178:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1118:
1109:
1046:
1042:
1028:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:colocentesis
1006:
1002:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
956:
924:
920:
911:
900:
892:
879:
875:
816:
805:
750:
727:
703:
679:electrolytes
655:phospho soda
640:
624:orange juice
616:electrolytes
608:sports drink
606:, lemonade,
586:
549:
537:
518:
510:
481:
472:
465:
457:
445:
433:
426:
417:
414:
398:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
344:
336:
305:
298:
290:colon cancer
275:
264:Medical uses
258:
254:
247:
235:precancerous
232:
166:
112:
111:
25:
5512:Coelioscopy
5497:Arthroscopy
5487:Laparoscopy
5421:Nephroscopy
5373:Accessory:
5357:Proctoscopy
5352:Pouchoscopy
5342:Colonoscopy
5337:Enteroscopy
5146:Laparoscopy
5002:Gallbladder
4965:Hepatectomy
4895:Stool tests
4833:Proctoscopy
4828:Enteroscopy
4813:Colonoscopy
4697:Large bowel
4677:Jejunostomy
4637:Small bowel
4564:Hill repair
4547:Gastrostomy
4525:Billroth II
4515:Gastrectomy
4419:Sialography
4324:Colonoscopy
4161:13 November
4135:13 November
4109:14 November
4079:14 November
3747:17 November
3716:10 November
3650:17 November
3550:10 November
3067:(1): 5604.
2842:: 285–296.
2671:(1): 8–11.
2596:10 November
2294:25 February
2263:NCT00883792
1813:25 December
1498:: 116–121.
1327:10 November
1267:10 November
1189:10 November
1159:10 November
1019:colonopathy
984:like a hill
979:colonoscopy
977:. The term
971:look (in)to
959:colonoscopy
593:apple juice
583:Preparation
499:aspiration,
484:anaesthesia
462:Perforation
365:(FIT), and
312:hemorrhoids
286:colon polyp
216:large bowel
113:Colonoscopy
87:MedlinePlus
31:Colonoscopy
5553:Categories
5533:Angioscopy
5464:Culdoscopy
5449:Colposcopy
5431:Cystoscopy
5393:Rhinoscopy
5209:Laparotomy
5151:Omentopexy
5128:Peritoneum
4763:Anal canal
4542:Gastropexy
4520:Billroth I
3731:Lowden O.
3619:7 November
3526:(1): 1–3.
3281:(7): 855.
3275:Healthcare
2989:9 November
2578:StatPearls
2557:9 November
2499:(Review).
2476:7 November
2446:7 November
2365:7 November
2081:(1): 1–8.
1777:7 November
1601:7 November
1422:7 November
1392:7 November
1359:7 November
1297:7 November
1220:7 November
1129:28 October
1101:References
957:The terms
706:salicylate
694:intestines
601:lemon-lime
390:randomized
388:The large
282:malignancy
224:CCD camera
212:endoscopic
5569:Endoscopy
5528:Fetoscopy
5310:Endoscopy
5006:bile duct
4931:Accessory
4809:Endoscopy
4720:Colostomy
4710:Colectomy
4667:Ileostomy
4597:Endoscopy
4530:Roux-en-Y
4401:Esophagus
3706:0362-4331
3540:1043-1489
2799:2000-9666
2742:2291-0026
2722:CMAJ Open
2685:2154-1280
2248:252778114
2052:17 August
1035:President
1015:colostomy
1011:colopathy
1003:colectomy
963:coloscopy
953:Etymology
949:Medical.
908:Economics
902:sedation.
812:mesentery
789:histology
765:endoscope
761:neoplasms
757:sphincter
738:midazolam
716:Procedure
710:ibuprofen
651:bisacodyl
589:low fiber
578:Technique
572:phlebitis
564:sedatives
560:allergies
361:(gFOBT),
245:lesions.
167:coloscopy
21:colostomy
5538:Otoscopy
5479:incision
5362:Anoscopy
5077:Pancreas
4818:Anoscopy
4303:32163384
4260:32039982
4217:32044092
4155:Archived
4129:Archived
4103:Archived
4073:Archived
4051:32437402
4011:PLOS ONE
3992:41674696
3984:25901884
3949:10996587
3929:Am J Med
3914:19476902
3866:19146195
3741:Archived
3710:Archived
3644:Archived
3613:Archived
3587:29580447
3544:Archived
3499:23613629
3448:17167136
3400:24536782
3356:27056645
3307:34356233
3256:32128226
3207:15195182
3148:24436665
3099:32221332
3042:17036388
2983:Archived
2961:25239068
2912:Archived
2868:25210470
2817:26486121
2760:34642256
2703:22586542
2646:31583213
2590:archived
2586:29630251
2551:Archived
2529:23294512
2503:(1): 3.
2470:Archived
2440:Archived
2418:29358889
2359:Archived
2326:7 August
2288:Archived
2240:36214590
2183:21555653
2097:19075198
2007:12557158
1960:Archived
1944:18799558
1895:28555630
1859:26250449
1851:12094842
1804:Archived
1771:Archived
1749:15605015
1714:29972402
1657:Archived
1627:Archived
1595:Archived
1573:33519138
1522:29696175
1473:37792640
1464:10550029
1416:Archived
1386:Archived
1353:Archived
1321:Archived
1291:Archived
1261:Archived
1214:Archived
1183:Archived
1153:Archived
1123:Archived
1063:See also
927:Fujifilm
734:fentanyl
730:sedation
647:laxative
597:bouillon
556:vomiting
448:Medicare
49:ICD-9-CM
5473:Closed
5335:Lower:
4454:Stomach
4294:7075255
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