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1914 a State
Warehouse System was established under which, as noted by one study, “low insurance rates were provided and storage receipts were guaranteed by the State – consequently they immediately became acceptable collateral for the local banks. Thus cotton farmers could get at least some cash on which to live and operate.” A law of February 1911 established maximum working hours for women in mercantile establishments “provided also that they should not be required to work after 10 o’clock at night.” An Act of February 1912, concerning notice of suspension of work, required employers to give notice to their employees give notice to their employees, while another Act from that same month provided for the provision of headlights on locomotives. A 1914 law required railroad companies to maintain shelters at division points “if repair work is regularly done at such points.” A statute related to the working hours of women in mercantile establishments was amended (No. 262) “by authorizing its enforcement by duly authorized agents of the commissioner of labor as well as by himself and the inspectors connected with the department.” A law of February 1914 allowed for labor organizations with a national or international charter to “form mutual associations, incorporated or unincorporated, for the purpose of aiding their members or their beneficiaries in times of sickness and death by levying equitable assessments for the payment of sick relief or death benefits, upon compliance with the terms of this act.” Another Act from that same month provided for railroad warning boards to be erected.
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employed between 10pm and 5pm.” A law related to public health was also introduced, a law to provide for the custody of destitute, abandoned and unprotected children. An Act of
February the 18th 1911 provided for the payment of one annual pension for the benefit of deceased pensioners, either a soldier or soldier’s widow. An Act of March the 1st 1913 sought to require Clemson College to furnish, at cost, serum to state citizens for treating hog cholera, with the serum provided free to poor persons unable to pay for it. Another law authorized the awarding of 51 beneficiary scholarships “by holding competitive examinations; said scholarships to be of the value of $ 100 per annum and free tuition.” This measure became law without Blease’s approval. Blease’s lack of support for this measure was arguably due to the fact that, while he believed in free scholarships, he felt that “they should be divided among the people, and not all poured into the laps of a few families.”
564:“Blease pulls up his sleeves, looks over his audience, and launches into his speech. He denounces his enemies, sticks to his friends, declares he has nothing to explain and nothing to apologize for, hits hard at the hostile press, attacks high taxes and those in office who imposed them, gives his opinion of the creation of new offices to be filled with political ‘pets,’ declares his devotion to the working man’s cause, and so on until the driving, dynamic concluding rhetoric is drowned in cheering. He knows the chords to play upon. He knows the popular mind and the little things that affect it. He can be serious or can laugh, can be sentimental or vitriolic, according to the subject in hand. He can express the grouches, the hopes, the irritations, the ambitions of those who believe in him.”
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644:. On two occasions, he pardoned his black chauffeur when he was cited for speeding. Enjoying the power to pardon, Blease said that he wanted to pardon at least 1,000 men before he exited office because he wanted "to give the poor devils a chance." He is estimated to have pardoned between 1,500 and 1,700 prisoners, some of whom were guilty of murder and other serious crimes. His political enemies suggested that Blease received payments to pardon criminals. Among those he pardoned was former US Representative
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workers won him their favor. Because of this, Blease was the only politician in South
Carolina who had any independence from Tillman while Tillman was alive. Blease promoted his image as a champion of the common people throughout his career, describing himself as the “poor man’s best friend” while his weekly newspaper during the Twenties encouraged voters to “save South Carolina and Ring Rule and Corporate Control” and elect friends of the “Farmers and Laboring Men.”
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ever made was to put his hand in his pocket to educate a nigger. You can’t educate a horse or a mule or a cow, and you can't educate a nigger. They weren't made to be educated. We don't need them for lawyers or pharmacists and all that. They were made to cut wood, draw water, and work in the fields." Nonetheless, some have argued that Blease was considerably more moderate in the election than in his previous political campaigns.
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Following his loss in 1918, Blease was inactive politically for the next three years. But as the political climate turned more reactionary after 1919, when the state and nation suffered with postwar economic adjustments, Blease's popularity rebounded. Blease did not run for any public office in 1920.
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In 1914, before Blease's tenure as governor was over, Blease was so confident that he would be elected to the U.S. Senate if he ran that he visited the Senate chambers in
Washington to choose his desk. However, after numerous blunders including his speech at the 1912 National Governors' Conference in
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was at the height of its power, ruined Byrnes's political hopes that year. As
Senator, Blease continued to voice his staunch opposition to the education of African Americans in the most racist of terms. In 1925, he told a Charlotte, North Carolina newspaper: "I think the greatest mistake a white man
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Despite his racist politics and contradictory approach to reform, a number of positive measures were nevertheless enacted during Blease’s time as governor. Better provision for common schools was introduced, along with a special tax on hydroelectric companies, and a state tuberculosis sanitarium. In
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in the
Democratic gubernatorial primary and narrowly won the contest, and subsequently another term as governor. Jones, a Tillmanite and Chief Justice on the state Supreme Court, was no match for Blease on the stump. Jones claimed that Bleasism "led to anarchy" and campaigned on "law and order." He
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His appeal to the millworkers and sharecroppers was based on his personality and his view that made the "inarticulate masses feel that Coley was making them an important political force in the state." In fact, little to no policy was tied to Blease but his invectives and shared tongue with the mill
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male each year. Because South
Carolina was one of the few Southern states at the time that did not disenfranchise poor white men, Blease actively courted the workers of these mills and built a devoted political base from the men, who hung his photo in their homes and named their children after him.
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Critics and allies of Blease alike used the term
Bleasism to "designate the political uprising of first-generation South Carolina millworkers" led by Blease in 1910. The political uprising was different from the one led by Ben Tillman a generation earlier. Whereas Tillman sought agricultural reform
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The factory law was changed in 1912 “so as to absolutely prohibit the employment of children under 12.” A measure dated
February the 20th 1912 provided that in cities with a population of 5,000 or over “no child under 14 years of age shall be employed as messenger and no minor under 18 shall be so
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in 1900, was built on the support of both the sharecroppers and white mill workers, then an increasingly-important segment of the electorate in South
Carolina. But it was not a straightforward rise, Blease lost his seat in the legislature in 1894 and his attempt to re-gain it in 1896. And while he
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Bleasism was made possible by the sociopolitical change South Carolina underwent at the turn of the twentieth century. For instance, in 1880, the state had close to a dozen textile mills, but in 1900 the number had grown to 115. The work force of the mills also changed, becoming increasingly more
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After leaving office, Blease moved his criminal law practice from Newberry to Columbia and continued railing against his political enemies. He occupied his time giving speeches in rural towns and discussing his use of the governor's parole power in national forums. Further, he spoke out against
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for health reasons but opposed inspections of private factories to ensure safe and healthful working conditions. Blease vetoed legislation to inspect factories for safety and health considerations, “stating that a man ought to be able to work under any conditions he chose.” He also opposed the
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In virtually all of his campaigns, Blease used a catchy, nonsensical, nonspecific campaign jingle that became well known to virtually every voter in South Carolina in the era. For instance, he used, "Roll up your sleeves, say what you please... the man for the job is Coley Blease!"
858:, won the support of many textile mill owners alarmed by Bleasism and Manning's progressive reforms. Blease revived his political coalition of mill workers and sharecroppers, and he made political capital out of Manning's use of troops to evict striking workers from a mill in
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998:, Blease proposed a resolution, "o request the Chief Executive to respect the White House," demanding for the Hoovers to "remember that the house in which they are temporarily residing is the 'White House'." In support of the resolution, Blease read the 1901 poem "
637:, strongly opposed the education of Black people, and derided an opponent for being a trustee of a black school. He fired administrators without the authority to do so, ignored patronage requests from state legislators, and sparred with the state Supreme Court.
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That year, Blease made a significant contribution to American immigration law. He brokered a compromise between dueling factions and shepherded a bill through congress which criminalized unlawful entry into the United States, thus paving the way for
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Blease had made an agreement with Ben Tillman, who was running for re-election to the Senate, that the two would endorse each other. However, Tillman betrayed this promise several days before the election by releasing a letter denigrating Bleasism.
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Governor Manning's policies regarding prohibition (Blease popularly said he would not enforce the dispensary laws in the wet cities, Charleston and Columbia) and Manning's newly created administrative agencies which he called useless.
437:("Sometimes after a lynching," wrote one biographer, "Blease publicly celebrated the savage murder with a bizarre death dance") and was against education for black people. As U.S. senator, he advocated penalties for
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in the Democratic primary and was elected to the US Senate. His campaign foreshadowed his style as senator. Blease's defeat of Byrnes was widely credited to a rumor campaign that Byrnes, who was raised as a
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because he "knew how to play on race, religious, and class prejudices to obtain votes." His legislative program was erratic and without consistency. He favored more aid to white schools but opposed
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and our Constitution." Blease withdrew the resolution but said that he did so "because it gave offense to his friend, Senator Bingham, and not because it might give any offense to the Negro race."
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workers. The movement Blease led was largely characterized by white supremacy and not social policy. But it shared the same enemies as Tillmanism: the newspapers, the railroads, corporations,
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Byrnes defeated Blease in his 1930 run for re-election to the Senate. Blease died in Columbia, South Carolina on the night of January 19, 1942, a day after he underwent surgery.
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campaign against Blease in the upcountry. Further, he argued that Blease rewarded his friends with positions in government. But Blease ultimately prevailed in the contest.
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History of South Carolina, ed. by Yates Snowden, in collaboration with H. G. Cutler and an editorial advisory board, including special contributors. v. 2, P.1064-65
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Segregation was also encouraged under Blease. A proposal put forward by Blease (and passed into law) segregated the black and white convicts of county chain gangs.
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766:, Blease resigned five days before the end of his second term on January 14, 1915, so that he did not have to attend Manning's inauguration. Lieutenant Governor
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869:. With Cooper out of the race, mill owners and most other conservatives threw their support to Manning. Manning narrowly won the September 12 runoff, which was
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Blease was notorious for his vituperative demeanor. He did not campaign on political promises but on the prejudices of white citizens. Blease advocated
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However, Blease threw his hat in the ring once again in 1922 when he ran for governor. Blease failed to capture a majority of the votes and lost to
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In 1910, Blease was elected mayor of Newberry and held that position until November of that year, when he was elected governor of South Carolina.
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Year Book of the Department of Agriculture of the State of South Carolina Volumes 43–47By South Carolina, Department of Agriculture, 1945, P.151
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Bingham described the poem as "indecent, obscene doggerel" which gave "offense to hundreds of thousands of our fellow citizens and... to the
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ultimately obtained a state senate seat in 1900, he subsequently lost races to become the Democratic nominee for governor in 1904 and 1906.
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medical examination of schoolchildren, “asserting that he would pardon any man who killed a doctor who violated his daughter’s modesty.”
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After his schooling was complete, Blease returned to Newberry to practice law and to enter politics. He began his political career in the
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and drew his political support from South Carolina's white farmers and planters, Blease was anti-reform and drew his support from white
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Wire service, “Ex-Senator Dies”, The San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Tuesday 20 January 1942, Volume 48, page 1.
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Blease placed first in the August 29 Democratic primary, but fell a few thousand votes short of the majority necessary to avoid a
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began participating in political life. He grew up in his father's hotel which led him to be uncommonly social. He was educated at
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to require Congress to set a punishment for interracial couples attempting to get married and for people officiating an
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Report of the Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Volume 2 By United States. Office of Education, 1914, P.285
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488:, where he graduated from the law department in 1889. At the University of South Carolina, Blease was expelled for
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Blease was born to Henry Horatio Blease (1832–1892) and Mary Ann Livingston Blease (1830–1874) near the town of
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Chronological Development of Labor Legislation for Women in the United States By Florence Patteson Smith, P.136
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Simon, Bryant (1996). "The Appeal of Cole Blease of South Carolina: Race, Class, and Sex in the New South".
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ANNUAL MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR COLE. L. BLEASE TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF SOUTH CAROLINA JANUARY 12 1915, P.11
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Hollis, Daniel W. (1979). "Cole Blease: The Years Between the Governorship and the Senate, 1915-1924".
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954:, had not really left that faith. Such an assertion in an overwhelmingly-Protestant state, while the
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I also, in this connection, beg leave to call your attention to the evil of the habitual drinking of
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1892:"Who's behind the law making undocumented immigrants criminals? An 'unrepentant white supremacist.'"
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https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=IPT19300910.1.5&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------
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Acts and joint resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina 1913, P.194-195
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succeeded to the governorship and performed ceremonial functions during his five days in office.
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Acts and joint resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, 1911, P.157
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Acts and joint resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, 1911, P.135
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Acts and joint resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina, 1911, P.92
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in 1912. The black Republican had lost an appeal for his conviction of forgery in 1905 by an
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workers from the state's upcountry region. He was notorious for playing on the prejudices of
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Blease's rise to power, as he moved from the South Carolina House of Representatives to the
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Indianapolis Times, Volume 42, Number 105, Indianapolis, 10 September 1930. Retrieved from
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From Yeoman to Redneck in the South Carolina Upcountry, 1850-1915 by Stephen A. West, 2008
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Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy By Stephen Kantrowitz, 2015, p. 296
1002:" on the floor of the Senate. After immediate protests from Northern Republican Senators
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Blease acquired such a bad reputation that he was said to represent the worst aspects of
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Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy By Stephen Kantrowitz, 2015, P.296
418:. He led a political revolution in South Carolina by building a political base of white
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One newspaper article commented on Blease’s populist style from one of his speeches:
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Antic Governor Cole Blease Sent to Senate; Capital Keeps Eye on Constitution Smasher
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Stone, Clarence N. (1963). "Bleaseism and the 1912 Election in South Carolina".
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In 1916, Blease challenged Governor Manning for re-election. A third candidate,
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503:. In 1895, the state legislature ratified a new constitution that essentially
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A child laborer in a textile mill in Newberry, S.C., the home town of Blease.
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The Governorship of Coleman Livingston Blease of South Carolina, 1911-1915
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Bulletin Issues 46–55 By United States. Office of Education, 1913, P.183
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Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
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A Fabric of Defeat: The Politics of South Carolina Millhands, 1910-1948
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Economy of South Carolina § The beginnings of industrialization
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was Benjamin Tillman's nephew, who, as lieutenant governor, had
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2048:(first paperback ed.). Louisiana State University Press.
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Monthly Labor Review, September 1915, Volume I, Number 3 P.65
5611:
Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching
1756:"South Carolina Governor - Thomas Gordon McLeod - 1923-1927"
6080:
Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
1087:"Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Cole Blease"
755:, Blease's popularity had waned and the incumbent, Senator
700:
687:. In his gubernatorial inaugural address in 1911, he said:
2133:
1175:
1173:
1171:
876:
739:
629:
and been acquitted in the case). Blease favored complete
468:, on October 8, 1868, the year that South Carolina's new
1977:
Proceedings of the South Carolina Historical Association
1158:
1156:
862:. Tillman openly supported the Manning in the election.
734:
5828:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1240:
1238:
1236:
990:, the African-American wife of Illinois Representative
580:
1380:
1358:
1356:
1329:
1325:
Coleman Blease (South Carolina Encyclopedia biography)
1262:
1250:
1185:
1168:
926:
A photograph of Blease when he was in the U.S. Senate.
1703:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1320:
1318:
1153:
1128:
1116:
1067:
640:
As governor, Blease failed to enforce laws and was a
2141:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1970:"Cole L. Blease and the Senatorial Campaign of 1924"
1807:
1727:
1715:
1368:
1341:
1233:
1104:
1039:
1930 United States Senate election in South Carolina
937:
1924 United States Senate election in South Carolina
883:
1918 United States Senate election in South Carolina
746:
1914 United States Senate election in South Carolina
492:
and always carried a grudge against the university.
414:
from 1925 to 1931. Blease was the political heir of
1691:
1679:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1614:
1353:
1221:
1209:
1197:
410:from 1911 to 1915 and represented the state in the
1662:
1315:
1303:
1150:, p. 49. University of South Carolina Press, 1970.
762:In a show of spite for progressive governor-elect
621:, who branded Blease's style as "Jim Tillmanism" (
459:
3651:
979:, but Congress never submitted it to the states.
6051:
5272:Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)
1857:
1855:
1853:
759:was able to secure re-election by 15,000 votes.
2347:
2011:. University of South Carolina Press. pp.
887:In 1917, Blease denounced America's entry into
683:Blease disliked the newly developed carbonated
6095:Democratic Party South Carolina state senators
1889:
633:in all matters. He encouraged the practice of
3666:List of lynching victims in the United States
3637:
3226:
2855:
2333:
2129:SCIway Biography of Coleman Livingston Blease
1850:
1824:
1822:
894:
777:
6085:Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
678:
660:, Murray had left the state permanently for
398:(October 8, 1868 – January 19, 1942) was an
125:January 17, 1911 – January 14, 1915
6075:People from Newberry County, South Carolina
5702:Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act
2039:. University of North Carolina, Greensboro.
816:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
426:to gain their votes and was an unrepentant
287:November 25, 1890 – November 27, 1894
5673:
5518:Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore
5248:Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken
3644:
3630:
3233:
3219:
2871:United States senators from South Carolina
2862:
2848:
2340:
2326:
2149:NGA Biography of Coleman Livingston Blease
2136:"BLEASE, Coleman Livingston (id: B000553)"
1819:
901:1922 South Carolina gubernatorial election
850:1916 South Carolina gubernatorial election
714:1912 South Carolina gubernatorial election
42:
5994:"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)
5454:Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes
4232:William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner
2300:United States Senator from South Carolina
917:
836:Learn how and when to remove this message
448:for inviting a black guest to tea at the
1958:
1590:"Blease 1911 inaugural address, page 85"
921:
584:
543:
276:January 10, 1899 – January 8, 1901
236:January 8, 1907 – January 12, 1909
179:January 8, 1907 – January 12, 1909
6130:Georgetown University Law Center alumni
6070:20th-century South Carolina politicians
5823:National Memorial for Peace and Justice
2046:Pitchfork Ben Tillman, South Carolinian
2043:
1890:Stanley-Becker, Isaac (June 25, 2019).
1863:"Blease Poetry is Expunged from Record"
1386:
1335:
1268:
1256:
1162:
1134:
1073:
497:South Carolina House of Representatives
263:South Carolina House of Representatives
14:
6052:
2094:. University of North Carolina Press.
2029:
2008:A History of South Carolina, 1865-1960
2004:
1991:
1967:
1813:
1742:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1374:
1347:
1309:
1244:
1110:
877:1918 campaign for United States Senate
740:1914 campaign for United States Senate
441:attempting to get married, criticized
82:March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1931
6135:University of South Carolina trustees
5460:Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels
5366:Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA
5057:
3663:
3625:
3214:
2843:
2321:
2108:
2089:
2060:
2005:Lander, Ernest McPherson Jr. (1970).
1949:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1362:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1148:A History of South Carolina 1865-1960
1122:
962:
910:in the run-off by over 15,000 votes.
735:Failed campaigns for office (1914–22)
499:in 1890 as a Democrat and protégé of
6035:Lynching deaths in the United States
5165:Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman
5058:
814:adding citations to reliable sources
781:
581:Governor of South Carolina (1911–15)
541:aristocrats, and urban businessmen.
6125:University of South Carolina alumni
6115:History of racism in South Carolina
5696:Justice for Victims of Lynching Act
5472:O'Day Short, wife, and two children
5254:T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey
1479:Labour Legislation of 1914, P.17-18
707:
24:
6100:Mayors of places in South Carolina
3244:'s delegation(s) to the 69th–71st
1994:South Carolina Historical Magazine
982:In 1929, in protest of First Lady
25:
6146:
5596:American Crusade Against Lynching
5242:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
2122:
1490:Labour Legislation of 1914, P.204
1010:, the poem was excluded from the
703:, than to drink such concoctions.
5808:America's Black Holocaust Museum
5591:American anti-lynching activists
5563:Nadir of American race relations
5153:Steve Long and two half-brothers
5089:Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX
3053:
2828:
2111:North Carolina Historical Review
2044:Simkins, Francis Butler (1944).
1959:Burnside, Ronald Dantan (1963).
1468:Labour Legislation of 1914, P.16
1457:Labor Legislation of 1912, P.196
930:
786:
6105:American pro-lynching activists
6014:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
5648:National Conference on Lynching
5206:Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya
5083:Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre
4424:Mary Turner and her unborn baby
2157:." South Carolina Encyclopedia.
1930:
1917:
1883:
1798:
1773:
1748:
1582:
1571:
1560:
1549:
1538:
1527:
1516:
1505:
1494:
1483:
1472:
1461:
1450:
1439:
1428:
1417:
1392:
1292:
1283:
1274:
460:Early life and political career
307:Newberry County, South Carolina
27:89th governor of South Carolina
5130:Gallatin County, KY, race riot
2030:Miller, Anthony Barry (1971).
1952:Dictionary of American History
1140:
1079:
1058:
1032:
472:constitution was adopted, and
13:
1:
6030:Lynching in the United States
5331:Springfield race riot of 1908
3749:Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer
3653:Lynching in the United States
1950:Adams, James Truslow (1940).
1046:
49:
5924:Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson
5855:And you are lynching Negroes
5707:Emmett Till Antilynching Act
5442:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
5348:Harris County, GA, lynchings
5290:Wilmington, NC, insurrection
5136:New Orleans massacre of 1866
1804:The Crisis, April 1925, 275.
967:In 1926, Blease proposed an
482:University of South Carolina
7:
5833:Southern Poverty Law Center
5478:Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings
5106:? Lachenais and four others
4544:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
3861:Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson
2349:Governors of South Carolina
2063:Journal of Southern History
1785:South Carolina Encyclopedia
1019:Declaration of Independence
521:
452:, and was the architect of
10:
6151:
5314:1906 Atlanta race massacre
5284:Phoenix, SC, election riot
5260:New Orleans 1891 lynchings
5212:Benjamin and Mollie French
2266:Governor of South Carolina
2199:Richard Irvine Manning III
2183:Governor of South Carolina
2155:Blease, Coleman Livingston
1968:Hollis, Daniel W. (1978).
1954:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
1838:. June 18, 1929. p. 7
1835:Providence Evening Tribune
1091:bioguideretro.congress.gov
1036:
1000:Niggers in the White House
934:
898:
895:1922 campaign for Governor
880:
847:
778:1916 campaign for Governor
764:Richard Irvine Manning III
743:
711:
525:
505:disfranchised Black people
408:governor of South Carolina
363:Mary Ann Livingston Blease
317:January 19, 1942 (aged 73)
202:Richard Irvine Manning III
113:Governor of South Carolina
6022:
5841:
5800:
5719:
5621:William O'Connell Bradley
5581:
5535:
5531:
5360:East St. Louis, IL, riots
5112:Fort Pillow, TN, massacre
5095:New York City draft riots
5064:
5053:
4802:
4071:
3676:
3672:
3659:
3255:
3062:
3051:
2877:
2826:
2355:
2306:
2297:
2289:
2282:
2272:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2213:
2205:
2195:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2033:Coleman Livingston Blease
1400:"Pardoning power in S.C."
941:In 1924, Blease defeated
679:Opposition to soft drinks
627:killed a newspaper editor
396:Coleman Livingston Blease
389:
379:
367:
357:
347:
337:
326:
313:
300:
295:
291:
280:
269:
260:
250:
240:
229:
217:
207:
195:
183:
172:
161:
149:
137:
129:
118:
110:
98:
86:
75:
63:
59:
41:
34:
18:Coleman Livingston Blease
5885:Deaths in police custody
5372:Jenkins County, GA, riot
5183:Chinese massacre of 1871
5101:Detroit race riot (1863)
4736:Lynching of Raymond Gunn
4528:Dick Rowland (attempted)
3246:United States Congresses
2164:Party political offices
2134:United States Congress.
595:elected governor in 1910
466:Newberry, South Carolina
332:Newberry, South Carolina
320:Columbia, South Carolina
213:William Lawrence Mauldin
6120:Newberry College alumni
5866:Battle of Liberty Place
5861:Attack on John Shillady
5849:James Allen (collector)
5682:Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
5466:Beaumont, TX, Race Riot
5390:Omaha race riot of 1919
5378:Longview, TX, race riot
5354:Newberry, FL, lynchings
5296:Julia and Frazier Baker
5278:Porter and Spencer (MS)
5230:Thibodeax, LA, massacre
5188:Meridian, MS, race riot
5171:Opelousas, LA, massacre
4144:Paul Reed and Will Cato
3829:Big Nose George Parrott
1781:"Byrnes, James Francis"
406:who served as the 89th
6110:South Carolina lawyers
6000:United States v. Shipp
5752:Rebecca Latimer Felton
5583:Anti-lynching movement
5500:Freedom Summer Murders
5430:Rosewood, FL, massacre
5395:Knoxville riot of 1919
4264:Laura and L. D. Nelson
3249:(ordered by seniority)
2276:Charles Aurelius Smith
2259:Martin Frederick Ansel
2172:Martin Frederick Ansel
2090:Simon, Bryant (1998).
1830:"Offers 'Nigger' Poem"
996:tea at the White House
927:
918:U.S. Senator (1925–31)
871:tantamount to election
768:Charles Aurelius Smith
718:In 1912, Blease faced
705:
590:
578:
549:
191:Martin Frederick Ansel
156:Charles Aurelius Smith
144:Martin Frederick Ansel
133:Charles Aurelius Smith
5971:Summer in Mississippi
5918:Mississippi Cold Case
5872:The Birth of a Nation
5813:Civil Rights Memorial
5742:Sidney Johnston Catts
5720:Defenders of lynching
5406:Duluth, MN, lynchings
5384:Elaine, AR, race riot
5342:Laura and L.D. Nelson
5308:Watkinsville lynching
5266:Ruggles Brothers (CA)
5224:Hamburg, SC, massacre
5200:Election riot of 1874
5147:Camilla, GA, massacre
5069:Death of Joseph Smith
3693:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1963:. Indiana University.
925:
723:had Charleston Mayor
689:
658:racial discrimination
652:and was sentenced to
599:compulsory attendance
588:
562:
547:
512:South Carolina Senate
486:Georgetown University
374:Georgetown University
361:Henry Horatio Blease
220:South Carolina Senate
188:Duncan Clinch Heyward
167:South Carolina Senate
163:President Pro Tempore
65:United States Senator
5689:Costigan-Wagner Bill
5626:Ella Barksdale Brown
5424:Perry, FL, race riot
5336:Slocum, TX, massacre
5236:Mart and Tom Horrell
5194:Colfax, LA, massacre
5177:Bear River City riot
5027:James Craig Anderson
4827:Robert "Bobbie" Hall
4432:Hazel "Hayes" Turner
1013:Congressional Record
977:interracial marriage
908:Thomas Gordon McLeod
856:Robert Archer Cooper
810:improve this section
575:, September 20, 1925
572:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
412:United States Senate
265:from Newberry County
5931:The Ox-Bow Incident
5911:Mississippi Burning
5762:John Trotwood Moore
5418:Tulsa race massacre
5412:Ocoee, FL, massacre
4907:Mack Charles Parker
4835:Willie James Howard
2153:Moore, William V. "
601:. He abolished the
439:interracial couples
330:Rosemont Cemetery,
246:George Sewell Mower
5945:Reconstruction era
5757:John Temple Graves
5601:Jessie Daniel Ames
5548:Indiana White Caps
5218:Ellenton, SC, riot
5141:Reno Brothers Gang
4891:Judge Edward Aaron
4088:Ballie Crutchfield
2251:Political offices
1182:, pp. 60, 66.
969:anti-miscegenation
963:Views and policies
928:
753:Richmond, Virginia
607:state penitentiary
591:
550:
402:politician of the
351:Lillie B. Summers
6047:
6046:
6043:
6042:
5988:They Won't Forget
5905:Lynching postcard
5818:The Legacy Museum
5787:James K. Vardaman
5727:Theodore G. Bilbo
5715:
5714:
5606:Martin C. Ansorge
5527:
5526:
5512:Michael Schwerner
5319:Kemper County, MS
5159:Pulaski, TN, riot
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
4752:Shedrick Thompson
4632:Bernice Raspberry
4352:Name unknown (MS)
4256:Name unknown (TX)
3877:Joseph Vermillion
3845:John Wesley Heath
3619:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3208:
3207:
2837:
2836:
2316:
2315:
2307:Succeeded by
2293:Nathaniel B. Dial
2273:Succeeded by
2241:Succeeded by
2209:Nathaniel B. Dial
2196:Succeeded by
1868:The Afro-American
1194:, pp. 54–74.
1125:, pp. 57–59.
986:'s invitation of
971:amendment to the
846:
845:
838:
428:white supremacist
393:
392:
93:Nathaniel B. Dial
16:(Redirected from
6142:
5842:Related articles
5792:Thomas E. Watson
5782:Benjamin Tillman
5747:Thomas Dixon Jr.
5671:
5670:
5533:
5532:
5436:Jim and Mark Fox
5124:Memphis massacre
5059:Multiple victims
5055:
5054:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4958:
4955:Wharlest Jackson
4950:
4942:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4851:John Cecil Jones
4846:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4814:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4744:Matthew Williams
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4504:Berry Washington
4499:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4368:Anthony Crawford
4363:
4360:Jesse Washington
4355:
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4280:Zachariah Walker
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4240:Grant Richardson
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4184:Earnest Williams
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4037:John Henry James
4032:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3989:Stephen Williams
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3941:Ephraim Grizzard
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3901:Brown Washington
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3824:
3816:
3808:
3805:Arthur St. Clair
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3765:John W. Stephens
3760:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3685:Francis McIntosh
3674:
3673:
3661:
3660:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3525:
3516:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3430:
3407:
3398:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3289:
3280:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3057:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2831:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2319:
2318:
2290:Preceded by
2256:Preceded by
2227:
2206:Preceded by
2169:Preceded by
2161:
2160:
2145:
2118:
2105:
2086:
2057:
2040:
2038:
2026:
2001:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1955:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1859:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1602:on July 25, 2011
1601:
1595:. Archived from
1594:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1525:
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1503:
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1454:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1403:Post and Courier
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
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1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1322:
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1260:
1254:
1248:
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1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1151:
1146:Lander, Ernest:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1062:
988:Jessie De Priest
841:
834:
830:
827:
821:
790:
782:
757:Ellison D. Smith
708:1912 re-election
646:George W. Murray
619:Benjamin Tillman
576:
501:Benjamin Tillman
478:Newberry College
416:Benjamin Tillman
404:Democratic Party
296:Personal details
285:
274:
253:
243:
234:
210:
198:
177:
152:
140:
123:
101:
89:
80:
54:
51:
46:
32:
31:
21:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6039:
6018:
5955:Scottsboro Boys
5837:
5796:
5711:
5669:
5577:
5523:
5488:Harriette Moore
5448:Tate County, MS
5060:
5041:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5001:
4995:Arthur McDuffie
4993:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4961:
4953:
4945:
4937:
4929:
4921:
4913:
4905:
4897:
4889:
4881:
4873:
4865:
4857:
4849:
4841:
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4809:
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4792:Elbert Williams
4790:
4784:Austin Callaway
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4774:
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4758:
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4726:
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4702:
4694:
4688:Thomas Williams
4686:
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4672:Thomas Bradshaw
4670:
4664:Albert Williams
4662:
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4648:Joseph Upchurch
4646:
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4304:George Saunders
4302:
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4262:
4254:
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4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
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4152:Bunk Richardson
4150:
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4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4067:
4061:Benjamin Thomas
4059:
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4035:
4027:
4021:Joseph H. McCoy
4019:
4013:William Andrews
4011:
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3995:
3987:
3981:Richard Puryear
3979:
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3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
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3891:
3883:
3875:
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3851:
3843:
3837:Charles Thurber
3835:
3827:
3821:Joseph Standing
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3741:Clubfoot George
3739:
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3699:
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3310:
3297:
3296:
3287:
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3251:
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3209:
3204:
3058:
3049:
2873:
2868:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2351:
2346:
2312:
2310:James F. Byrnes
2303:
2295:
2278:
2269:
2261:
2246:
2244:James F. Byrnes
2235:
2228:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2186:
2174:
2125:
2102:
2075:10.2307/2211206
2036:
2023:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1896:Washington Post
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1871:. June 22, 1929
1861:
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1405:. July 25, 2017
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1080:
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1059:
1049:
1041:
1035:
992:Oscar De Priest
973:US Constitution
965:
943:James F. Byrnes
939:
933:
920:
903:
897:
885:
879:
867:runoff election
852:
842:
831:
825:
822:
807:
791:
780:
748:
742:
737:
716:
710:
681:
631:white supremacy
583:
577:
568:
530:
524:
474:Black Americans
462:
362:
352:
338:Political party
318:
305:
304:October 8, 1868
286:
281:
275:
270:
251:
241:
235:
230:
224:Newberry County
208:
196:
190:
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173:
150:
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124:
119:
105:James F. Byrnes
99:
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81:
76:
67:
55:
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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6019:
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5984:
5974:
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5965:Stone Mountain
5962:
5957:
5952:
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5907:
5902:
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5887:
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5802:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5777:Goodloe Sutton
5774:
5769:
5767:John T. Morgan
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5737:Julian S. Carr
5734:
5732:Cole L. Blease
5729:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5692:
5685:
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5668:
5667:
5662:
5655:
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5645:
5640:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:Flossie Bailey
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5579:
5578:
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5575:
5570:
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5555:
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5522:
5521:
5515:
5508:Andrew Goodman
5497:
5491:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
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5427:
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5363:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5302:Pana, IL, riot
5299:
5293:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5239:
5233:
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5109:
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5092:
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5065:
5062:
5061:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5019:James Byrd Jr.
5015:
5007:
5003:Michael Donald
4999:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4943:
4935:
4927:
4919:
4911:
4903:
4899:Willie Edwards
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4819:Johannes Kunze
4815:
4806:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4760:George Armwood
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4680:Winston Pounds
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4488:John Hartfield
4484:
4480:Wesley Everest
4476:
4468:
4464:Wallace Baynes
4460:
4456:Olli Kinkkonen
4452:
4448:Jim McIlherron
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4328:Charles Fisher
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4136:Marie Thompson
4132:
4124:
4116:
4112:J. D. Mayfield
4108:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3949:Samuel J. Bush
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3885:George Meadows
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3773:Alexander Boyd
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3701:Josefa Segovia
3697:
3689:
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3678:
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3326:
3317:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
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3275:
3268:
3266:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3242:South Carolina
3238:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
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2697:
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2647:
2645:Richardson III
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
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2271:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2225:South Carolina
2212:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2146:
2131:
2124:
2123:External links
2121:
2120:
2119:
2106:
2100:
2087:
2058:
2041:
2027:
2021:
2002:
1989:
1965:
1956:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1916:
1882:
1849:
1818:
1806:
1797:
1772:
1760:www.sciway.net
1747:
1726:
1714:
1712:, p. 8–9.
1702:
1690:
1678:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1482:
1471:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1391:
1389:, p. 501.
1379:
1367:
1352:
1340:
1338:, p. 389.
1328:
1314:
1302:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1271:, p. 489.
1261:
1259:, p. 488.
1249:
1232:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1167:
1165:, p. 487.
1152:
1139:
1137:, p. 224.
1127:
1115:
1113:, p. 141.
1103:
1078:
1076:, p. 486.
1066:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1037:Main article:
1034:
1031:
964:
961:
948:Roman Catholic
935:Main article:
932:
929:
919:
916:
899:Main article:
896:
893:
881:Main article:
878:
875:
848:Main article:
844:
843:
794:
792:
785:
779:
776:
744:Main article:
741:
738:
736:
733:
712:Main article:
709:
706:
680:
677:
650:all-white jury
589:Blease in 1912
582:
579:
569:L. S. Cassel,
566:
523:
520:
470:Reconstruction
461:
458:
391:
390:
387:
386:
381:
377:
376:
371:
365:
364:
359:
355:
354:
353:Carolina Floyd
349:
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344:
339:
335:
334:
328:
324:
323:
315:
311:
310:
302:
298:
297:
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267:
266:
261:Member of the
258:
257:
256:Alan Johnstone
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
227:
226:
218:Member of the
215:
214:
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205:
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108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
73:
72:
70:South Carolina
61:
60:
57:
56:
53: 1910–17
47:
39:
38:
36:Cole L. Blease
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6147:
6136:
6133:
6131:
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6126:
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5990:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5973:
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5966:
5963:
5961:
5960:Silent Parade
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5899:Hang 'Em High
5896:
5894:
5892:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5869:
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5773:
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5753:
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5728:
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5724:
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5718:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5693:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5659:Strange Fruit
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5632:
5631:Father Divine
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5553:Jim Crow laws
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:Walker family
5323:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5056:
5052:
5036:
5035:Ahmaud Arbery
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5011:Yusef Hawkins
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4987:Betty Gardner
4984:
4980:
4979:Marian Pyszko
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4963:Carol Jenkins
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4947:Vernon Dahmer
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4875:George W. Lee
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4728:James Cameron
4725:
4721:
4720:George Hughes
4717:
4713:
4712:J. C. Collins
4709:
4705:
4704:Leonard Woods
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4640:Owen Flemming
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4592:Fred N. Selak
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4440:George Taylor
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4416:Robert Prager
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4400:Charles Jones
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:"Mose" Creole
4213:
4209:
4208:Matthew Chase
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4176:William Burns
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4080:Fred Rochelle
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4045:F. W. Stewart
4042:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:John Anderson
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3965:Alfred Blount
3962:
3958:
3957:John Peterson
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3813:Michael Green
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:Henry Plummer
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:Pancho Daniel
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3417:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:Richardson II
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:J. Richardson
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2101:0-8078-4704-6
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2022:0-87249-169-2
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1875:September 16,
1870:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1842:September 16,
1837:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1816:, p. 18.
1815:
1810:
1801:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1745:, p. 16.
1744:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1724:, p. 17.
1723:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1659:, p. 67.
1658:
1653:
1647:, p. 60.
1646:
1641:
1635:, p. 59.
1634:
1629:
1623:, p. 57.
1622:
1617:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1377:, p. 56.
1376:
1371:
1365:, p. 63.
1364:
1359:
1357:
1350:, p. 27.
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1247:, p. 50.
1246:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1230:, p. 63.
1229:
1224:
1218:, p. 62.
1217:
1212:
1206:, p. 61.
1205:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:Hiram Bingham
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
960:
957:
953:
949:
944:
938:
931:1924 election
924:
915:
911:
909:
902:
892:
890:
884:
874:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
851:
840:
837:
829:
819:
815:
811:
805:
804:
800:
795:This section
793:
789:
784:
783:
775:
771:
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
747:
732:
728:
726:
725:John P. Grace
721:
715:
704:
702:
698:
694:
688:
686:
676:
672:
668:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
608:
604:
600:
596:
587:
574:
573:
565:
561:
558:
554:
546:
542:
540:
536:
529:
519:
516:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
457:
455:
451:
447:
444:
443:US First Lady
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
370:
366:
360:
356:
350:
346:
343:
340:
336:
333:
329:
327:Resting place
325:
321:
316:
312:
308:
303:
299:
294:
290:
284:
279:
273:
268:
264:
259:
255:
249:
245:
239:
233:
228:
225:
221:
216:
212:
206:
203:
200:
194:
189:
186:
182:
176:
171:
168:
164:
160:
157:
154:
148:
145:
142:
136:
132:
128:
122:
117:
114:
109:
106:
103:
97:
94:
91:
85:
79:
74:
71:
66:
62:
58:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
6006:
5998:
5986:
5977:Sundown town
5969:
5937:
5929:
5916:
5909:
5897:
5890:
5879:The Clansman
5877:
5870:
5731:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5665:Ida B. Wells
5653:Paul Robeson
5558:Ku Klux Klan
5504:James Chaney
5494:Anniston, AL
5118:Plummer Gang
5073:Joseph Smith
4971:Henry Marrow
4931:Frank Morris
4859:Willie Earle
4768:Cordie Cheek
4696:Henry Choate
4616:Dan Anderson
4576:Raymond Byrd
4560:Samuel Smith
4512:Willie Baird
4392:Frank Little
4384:Paulo Boleta
4312:Robert Perry
4288:Mary Jackson
4248:King Johnson
4200:James Hodges
4120:George White
4104:Walker Davis
4005:Jacob Henson
3933:Robert Lewis
3893:Ellen Watson
3781:Jim Williams
3757:Wyatt Outlaw
3559:W. Stevenson
3537:
3505:
3497:
3441:W. Stevenson
3419:
3387:
3379:
3323:W. Stevenson
3301:
3269:
3261:
2999:
2679:
2298:
2264:
2221:U.S. Senator
2219:nominee for
2214:
2181:nominee for
2177:
2139:
2114:
2110:
2091:
2069:(1): 57–86.
2066:
2062:
2045:
2032:
2007:
1997:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1976:
1960:
1951:
1944:Bibliography
1943:
1942:
1932:
1919:
1909:December 15,
1907:. Retrieved
1895:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1866:
1840:. Retrieved
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1700:, p. 5.
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1409:December 13,
1407:. Retrieved
1402:
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1094:. Retrieved
1090:
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1074:Simkins 1944
1069:
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1027:Section 1325
1023:
1011:
981:
966:
956:Ku Klux Klan
940:
912:
904:
886:
864:
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832:
823:
808:Please help
796:
772:
761:
749:
729:
720:Ira B. Jones
717:
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603:textile mill
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531:
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454:Section 1325
432:
420:textile mill
395:
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282:
271:
252:Succeeded by
231:
209:Succeeded by
174:
151:Succeeded by
120:
100:Succeeded by
77:
29:
6065:1942 deaths
6060:1868 births
6009:(1999 film)
5893:(1936 film)
5772:James Rolph
5674:Legislation
5637:Flag Salute
5077:Hyrum Smith
4923:Lemuel Penn
4915:Louis Allen
4883:Emmett Till
4867:Lamar Smith
4843:Recy Taylor
4776:Claude Neal
4624:Will Sherod
4608:John Carter
4584:James Clark
4536:Henry Lowry
4408:Ell Persons
4296:Rob Edwards
4272:Will Porter
4128:David Wyatt
4096:George Ward
3973:Henry Smith
3869:Amos Miller
3853:Eliza Woods
3789:David Jones
3733:Bill Sketoe
3717:Joshua Boyd
3677:Before 1900
3604:T. McMillan
3550:F. Dominick
3486:T. McMillan
3432:F. Dominick
3368:T. McMillan
3314:F. Dominick
2950:De Saussure
2745:R. Williams
2690:Manning III
2610:Chamberlain
2495:J. Hamilton
2455:D. Williams
2435:C. Pinckney
2430:P. Hamilton
2415:E. Rutledge
2410:C. Pinckney
2405:Vanderhorst
2395:C. Pinckney
2390:T. Pinckney
2370:J. Rutledge
2360:J. Rutledge
2284:U.S. Senate
1814:Hollis 1979
1743:Hollis 1979
1722:Hollis 1979
1710:Hollis 1979
1698:Hollis 1979
1686:Hollis 1979
1674:Hollis 1979
1375:Miller 1971
1348:Miller 1971
1310:Miller 1971
1245:Lander 1970
1111:Lander 1970
1033:1930 defeat
1004:Walter Edge
889:World War I
685:soft drinks
623:Jim Tillman
593:Blease was
450:White House
424:Poor Whites
242:Preceded by
197:Preceded by
139:Preceded by
88:Preceded by
6054:Categories
6023:Categories
5950:Red Summer
5643:N.A.A.C.P.
5568:Red Shirts
5400:Red Summer
4939:James Reeb
4811:Felix Hall
4803:After 1940
4552:Joe Pullen
4520:Roy Belton
4472:Will Brown
4376:Jeff Brown
4336:John Evans
4320:? Anderson
4224:"Pie" Hill
4192:Jim Miller
4168:Slab Pitts
4160:Ed Johnson
3997:Amos Hicks
3917:Dick Lundy
3909:Jim Taylor
3577:J. McSwain
3459:J. McSwain
3341:J. McSwain
2575:F. Pickens
2555:J. Manning
2460:A. Pickens
2304:1925–1931
2270:1911–1915
2217:Democratic
2179:Democratic
2013:49–53, 141
1657:Stone 1963
1645:Stone 1963
1633:Stone 1963
1621:Stone 1963
1363:Stone 1963
1228:Simon 1996
1216:Simon 1996
1204:Simon 1996
1192:Stone 1963
1180:Simon 1996
1123:Simon 1996
1047:References
984:Lou Hoover
952:Charleston
826:March 2024
697:Pepsi-Cola
654:hard labor
539:Charleston
526:See also:
490:plagiarism
446:Lou Hoover
380:Occupation
369:Alma mater
342:Democratic
130:Lieutenant
5940:(musical)
4656:Joe Smith
4600:Tom Payne
4568:L. Q. Ivy
4496:Jay Lynch
4344:Leo Frank
4072:1900–1940
3606: (D)
3597: (D)
3588: (D)
3586:A. Gasque
3579: (D)
3570: (D)
3568:H. Fulmer
3561: (D)
3552: (D)
3529: (D)
3527:C. Blease
3520: (D)
3488: (D)
3479: (D)
3470: (D)
3468:A. Gasque
3461: (D)
3452: (D)
3450:H. Fulmer
3443: (D)
3434: (D)
3411: (D)
3409:C. Blease
3402: (D)
3370: (D)
3361: (D)
3352: (D)
3350:A. Gasque
3343: (D)
3334: (D)
3332:H. Fulmer
3325: (D)
3316: (D)
3293: (D)
3291:C. Blease
3284: (D)
3135:Patterson
3120:A. Butler
3085:P. Butler
2975:M. Butler
2970:Robertson
2885:P. Butler
2760:Timmerman
2735:Jefferies
2715:Blackwood
2665:McSweeney
2480:Manning I
2445:Middleton
1983:March 23,
1904:0190-8286
1606:March 16,
797:does not
693:Coca-Cola
358:Parent(s)
348:Spouse(s)
283:In office
272:In office
232:In office
175:In office
121:In office
78:In office
6007:Vendetta
5543:Lynching
5514:) (1964)
5079:) (1844)
4053:Sam Hose
3518:E. Smith
3400:E. Smith
3282:E. Smith
3190:Hollings
3180:Johnston
3170:E. Smith
3155:McLaurin
3115:McDuffie
3100:W. Smith
3090:Gaillard
3040:Thurmond
3030:Thurmond
2960:A. Hayne
2940:Barnwell
2915:R. Hayne
2910:W. Smith
2895:Pinckney
2820:McMaster
2795:Campbell
2765:Hollings
2750:Thurmond
2740:Johnston
2720:Johnston
2710:Richards
2640:Sheppard
2635:Thompson
2545:Seabrook
2505:McDuffie
2400:Moultrie
2385:Moultrie
2117:: 54–74.
860:Anderson
642:scofflaw
635:lynching
615:Jim Crow
567:—
522:Bleasism
435:lynching
400:American
384:Attorney
184:Governor
5536:General
3925:Joe Coe
3797:Jo Reed
3595:B. Hare
3477:B. Hare
3359:B. Hare
3185:Russell
3160:Latimer
3140:Hampton
3125:Hammond
3110:Preston
3080:Colhoun
3063:Class 3
3035:Wofford
3020:Maybank
3010:Lumpkin
2990:Pollock
2980:Tillman
2965:Chesnut
2930:Calhoun
2920:Calhoun
2878:Class 2
2810:Sanford
2800:Beasley
2785:Edwards
2770:Russell
2725:Maybank
2670:Heyward
2660:Ellerbe
2650:Tillman
2620:Simpson
2615:Hampton
2585:Magrath
2565:Allston
2540:Johnson
2530:Hammond
2520:Henagan
2470:Bennett
2440:Drayton
2420:Drayton
2380:Guerard
2375:Mathews
2365:Lowndes
2231:Class 2
2083:2211206
2054:1877696
2000:: 1–17.
1979:: 53–68
818:removed
803:sources
662:Chicago
605:at the
165:of the
48:Blease
5938:Parade
5926:(1965)
5801:Memory
5520:(1964)
5496:(1961)
5490:(1952)
5480:(1946)
5474:(1945)
5468:(1943)
5462:(1937)
5456:(1933)
5450:(1932)
5444:(1930)
5438:(1927)
5432:(1923)
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5420:(1921)
5414:(1920)
5408:(1920)
5402:(1919)
5386:(1919)
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5356:(1916)
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5344:(1911)
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5321:(1906)
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5108:(1863)
5097:(1863)
5091:(1862)
5085:(1858)
5037:(2020)
5029:(2011)
5021:(1998)
5013:(1989)
5005:(1981)
4997:(1979)
4989:(1978)
4981:(1975)
4973:(1970)
4965:(1968)
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4909:(1959)
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3507:Senate
3389:Senate
3271:Senate
3195:DeMint
3130:Sawyer
3105:Miller
3095:Harper
3045:Graham
3025:Daniel
3005:Byrnes
3000:Blease
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2905:Taylor
2900:Sumter
2890:Hunter
2805:Hodges
2775:McNair
2755:Byrnes
2730:Harley
2705:McLeod
2700:Harvey
2695:Cooper
2680:Blease
2630:Hagood
2580:Bonham
2510:Butler
2490:Miller
2485:Taylor
2475:Wilson
2465:Geddes
2450:Alston
2098:
2081:
2052:
2019:
1902:
484:, and
480:, the
5484:Harry
3539:House
3421:House
3303:House
3200:Scott
3150:Earle
3070:Izard
3015:Peace
2985:Benet
2955:Evans
2945:Rhett
2925:Huger
2815:Haley
2790:Riley
2685:Smith
2675:Ansel
2655:Evans
2625:Jeter
2605:Moses
2600:Scott
2590:Perry
2560:Adams
2550:Means
2535:Aiken
2515:Noble
2500:Hayne
2223:from
2079:JSTOR
2037:(PDF)
1973:(PDF)
1600:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1052:Notes
994:, to
222:from
111:90th
68:from
5981:list
5891:Fury
5573:Jews
5486:and
5202:(AL)
3499:70th
3381:70th
3263:69th
3175:Hall
3165:Gary
3145:Irby
3075:Read
2995:Dial
2780:West
2570:Gist
2237:1924
2192:1912
2188:1910
2096:ISBN
2050:OCLC
2017:ISBN
1985:2017
1911:2020
1900:ISSN
1877:2013
1844:2013
1792:2020
1767:2020
1608:2009
1411:2020
1098:2020
1006:and
801:any
799:cite
701:beer
617:and
322:, US
314:Died
309:, US
301:Born
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2071:doi
950:in
812:by
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