25:
449:
The term "cognomen" can also be applied to cultures with a clan structure and naming conventions comparable to those of
Ancient Rome; thus, hereditary "cognomina" have been described as in use among the
2232:
405:
The term "cognomen" (sometimes pluralized "cognomens") has come into use as an
English noun used outside the context of Ancient Rome. According to the 2012 edition of the
204:
developed to distinguish branches of the family from one another, and occasionally, to highlight an individual's achievement, typically in warfare. One example of this is
180:, or clan name), in order to identify a particular branch within a family or family within a clan. The term has also taken on other contemporary meanings.
1681:
1349:
1272:
1561:
1093:
1171:
1812:
411:, cognomen can mean a "surname" or "any name, especially a nickname". The basic sense in English is "how one is well known". For example
1277:
624:
372:
256:
244:
here means "of Africa" in the sense that his fame derives from Africa, rather than being born in Africa, which would have been
597:
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1945:
1617:
1519:
89:
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527:
108:
61:
2368:
2227:
2103:
1950:
2019:
68:
598:
Harold
Whetstone Johnston (revised Mary Johnston), The Private Life of the Romans, 1932, Chapter 2: Roman Names
46:
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was a form of distinguishing people who accomplished important feats, and those who already bore a
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8:
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1984:
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355:
In present academic context, many prominent ancient Romans are referred to by only their
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82:
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778:
773:
568:
523:
172:
345:, several of whom used the traditional hereditary Claudian cognomen as a praenomen.
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311:): others tended to be individual. And some names appear to have been used both as
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1186:
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1065:
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666:
292:
132:
560:
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1964:
1883:
1772:
1753:
1738:
1643:
1606:
1489:
1456:
1436:
1359:
1334:
1329:
1316:
1287:
1244:
1181:
1088:
1073:
1044:
957:
751:
633:
493:
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376:
308:
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2108:
1802:
1748:
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1201:
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1166:
1141:
1131:
1038:
819:
637:
451:
342:
155:
2295:
2217:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1787:
1701:
1691:
1551:
1509:
1504:
1321:
1297:
1239:
1206:
1176:
1156:
1151:
1126:
1116:
1083:
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894:
875:
829:
824:
705:
467:
2288:
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2212:
2192:
1849:
1777:
1724:
1720:
1648:
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1267:
1211:
1033:
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944:
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783:
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656:
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300:
296:
283:
2300:
2187:
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1925:
1817:
1577:
1292:
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670:
196:
24:
2317:
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2244:
2135:
2024:
1969:
1792:
1051:
1004:
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934:
922:
865:
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388:
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278:
237:
163:
446:
is derived from the
Italian version and retains the same meaning.
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1312:
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205:
166:, but lost that purpose when it became hereditary. Hereditary
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2006:
1992:
1988:
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213:
273:
were based on a physical or personality quirk; for example,
371:") serves as a shorthand for Marcus Tullius Cicero, and
522:(7th revised ed.). Amsterdam University Press.
632:
543:Powell, J. G. F. (1984). "A Note on the use of the
248:); and the same procedure occurred in the names of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2360:
236:after his victory over the Carthaginian general
212:was earned after his military victories under
618:
415:. (This is more similar to the Roman use of
511:
291:". Some cognomina were hereditary (such as
194:Because of the limited nature of the Latin
154:"name") was the third name of a citizen of
625:
611:
170:were used to augment the second name, the
224:were awarded another exclusive name, the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
517:
16:Third name of a citizen of Ancient Rome
2361:
542:
606:
269:adopted by successful generals, most
131:
382:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
137:
13:
14:
2385:
591:
348:The upper-class usually used the
1273:Democratic Republic of the Congo
337:in the Julii Caesares; likewise
23:
299:, Brutus and Silanus among the
34:needs additional citations for
575:
536:
183:
1:
520:Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands
504:
419:than their use of cognomen.)
518:Pinkster, Harm, ed. (2018).
265:In contrast to the honorary
7:
477:
257:Quintus Caecilius Metellus
255:(conqueror of Numidia) and
250:Quintus Caecilius Metellus
10:
2390:
1936:Imperial, royal, and noble
386:
187:
2343:
2151:
2123:
2020:Imperial, royal and noble
2005:
1916:
1897:
1830:
1719:
1629:
1537:
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1311:
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1225:
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1107:
1024:
1013:
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838:
719:
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561:10.1017/S0009838800029529
435:, derived from the Latin
352:to refer to one another.
341:among the early imperial
2374:Roman naming conventions
861:Maiden and married names
230:Publius Cornelius Scipio
190:Roman naming conventions
160:Roman naming conventions
2369:Ancient Roman cognomina
2348:Category:Lists of names
549:The Classical Quarterly
484:List of Roman cognomina
408:Random House Dictionary
1278:Eritrean and Ethiopian
439:, mean "family name".
295:among a branch of the
206:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
162:. Initially, it was a
2208:Galton–Watson process
1813:Ancient Tamil country
1235:Australian Aboriginal
387:Further information:
232:received the agnomen
216:'s dictatorship. The
188:Further information:
1975:Post-nominal letters
1094:Indigenous Taiwanese
321:, or non-hereditary
150:"together with" and
133:[kɔŋˈnoːmɛn]
43:improve this article
2335:Surnames by country
1960:Pre-nominal letters
1017:Surnames by country
377:Gaius Julius Caesar
2198:Endonym and exonym
2141:Calendar of saints
2124:Related traditions
1898:Manners of address
1260:Sub-Saharan Africa
681:Nobiliary particle
2356:
2355:
2284:Personal identity
2119:
2118:
1826:
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1767:
1715:
1714:
1676:
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1662:
1620:
1601:
1594:
1587:
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1528:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1380:
1373:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
839:By life situation
792:
383:Contemporary term
329:was used as both
240:at Zama, Africa (
208:, whose cognomen
173:nomen gentilicium
119:
118:
111:
93:
2381:
2169:Anthropomorphism
1914:
1913:
1862:Buddhist surname
1763:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1618:Hispanic America
1616:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1524:
1495:
1488:
1483:African-American
1481:
1474:
1392:
1391:
1376:
1369:
1340:Ashkenazi Jewish
1145:and Western Asia
1110:and Central Asia
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1022:
1021:
883:Placeholder name
788:
732:Double-barrelled
627:
620:
613:
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603:
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572:
540:
534:
533:
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413:Alfred the Great
325:. For instance,
303:, or Pilius and
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100:
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92:
51:
27:
19:
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2174:Personification
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2001:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1889:Theophoric name
1822:
1727:
1711:
1625:
1533:
1451:
1413:
1390:
1319:
1307:
1254:
1221:
1144:
1136:
1109:
1103:
1015:
1009:
904:
871:Posthumous name
834:
715:
689:
640:
631:
594:
589:
588:
580:
576:
541:
537:
530:
516:
512:
507:
480:
403:
385:
359:; for example,
228:. For example,
192:
186:
128:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2240:
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2222:
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2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
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2166:
2161:
2155:
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2149:
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2133:
2127:
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2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
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2112:
2111:
2106:
2104:Ecclesiastical
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2054:
2053:
2052:
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2027:
2017:
2011:
2009:
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2002:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1957:
1956:
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1954:
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1951:Ecclesiastical
1943:
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1933:
1922:
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1911:
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1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1840:Christian name
1836:
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1828:
1827:
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1730:Southeast Asia
1717:
1716:
1713:
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1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
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1663:
1654:Eastern Slavic
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1604:
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1595:
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848:
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836:
835:
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832:
827:
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815:
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800:
795:
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781:
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688:
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634:Personal names
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592:External links
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584:dictionary.com
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555:(1): 238–239.
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2142:
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2134:
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2110:
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2100:
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2090:
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2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
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1944:
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1921:
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1915:
1912:
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1906:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Mandaean name
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
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1846:
1845:Biblical name
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1610:
1608:
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1600:
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1568:
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1471:
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1401:
1399:
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1393:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:Ancient Greek
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
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1348:
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1343:
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1317:North America
1314:
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958:Nom de guerre
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645:Personal name
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529:9789463720519
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494:Courtesy name
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99:December 2018
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2323:Signum manus
2311:Royal cypher
2276:
2261:Nomen nescio
2259:
2255:Nomenclature
2250:Naming taboo
2062:Professional
1905:of authority
1855:Saint's name
1591:
1520:Scandinavian
1142:Muslim world
980:
956:
927:
779:Occupational
638:anthroponymy
577:
552:
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519:
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156:ancient Rome
151:
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123:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2296:Proper name
2218:Name change
2072:Educational
2050:Substantive
1989:decorations
1872:Jewish name
1867:Dharma name
1832:By religion
1497:Hongkongese
1322:Australasia
1162:Azerbaijani
895:Regnal name
876:Temple name
706:Middle name
694:By sequence
671:Matrilineal
667:Patrilineal
466:), and the
289:left-handed
259:Macedonicus
184:Roman names
178:family name
2363:Categories
2289:Identifier
2272:Onomastics
2213:Legal name
2193:Deadnaming
2089:Diplomatic
2045:Subsidiary
2040:Hereditary
1931:Diplomatic
1850:Papal name
1759:Indonesian
1725:South Asia
1721:Indosphere
1687:Macedonian
1660:Belarusian
1567:Portuguese
1409:Lithuanian
1303:Zimbabwean
1099:Vietnamese
1059:Generation
1026:East Asian
1014:By culture
988:Stage name
945:Hypocorism
910:Pseudonyms
900:Slave name
851:Birth name
803:Teknonymic
784:Patronymic
764:Matronymic
727:Diminutive
701:First name
657:Given name
652:Birth name
505:References
307:among the
279:red-haired
69:newspapers
58:"Cognomen"
2301:Signature
2188:Call sign
2164:Anonymity
2099:Religious
2025:Chivalric
1946:Religious
1941:Judiciary
1926:Honorific
1909:of honour
1808:Sinhalese
1798:Pakistani
1783:Malaysian
1778:Cambodian
1682:Kashubian
1674:Ukrainian
1639:Bulgarian
1578:Praenomen
1515:Icelandic
1386:Hungarian
1187:Pakistani
1122:Mongolian
976:Ring name
969:Heteronym
935:Nicknames
856:Code name
808:Toponymic
798:Sobriquet
774:Mononymic
769:Metonymic
711:Last name
569:170613918
545:Praenomen
401:clan name
331:praenomen
313:praenomen
287:meaning "
277:meaning "
271:cognomina
267:cognomina
252:Numidicus
242:Africanus
234:Africanus
197:praenomen
168:cognomina
143:cognomina
2318:Khelrtva
2306:Monogram
2267:Misnomer
2245:Namesake
2179:National
2136:Name day
2094:Judicial
2084:Business
2077:Honorary
2067:Academic
2057:Military
2030:Courtesy
2015:Academic
1980:Academic
1970:Emeritus
1773:Javanese
1754:Filipino
1739:Balinese
1707:Suffixes
1644:Croatian
1607:Romanian
1592:Cognomen
1490:Canadian
1476:American
1457:Germanic
1442:Scottish
1360:Georgian
1350:Estonian
1335:Armenian
1330:Albanian
1288:Ghanaian
1245:Hawaiian
1182:Mandaean
1089:Okinawan
1074:Japanese
1045:Courtesy
1005:Username
998:Mononyms
964:Pen name
950:Monarchs
923:Art name
866:Necronym
846:Aptronym
759:Eponymic
720:By trait
582:Cognomen
499:Namesake
478:See also
472:Izibongo
437:cognomen
389:nickname
369:chickpea
357:cognomen
350:cognomen
335:cognomen
327:Vopiscus
323:cognomen
309:Caecilii
305:Metellus
284:Scaevola
238:Hannibal
222:cognomen
218:cognomen
202:cognomen
164:nickname
158:, under
152:(g)nomen
124:cognomen
2238:Surname
2159:Acronym
2152:Related
2131:Baptism
1765:Chinese
1749:Burmese
1744:Bengali
1697:Serbian
1667:Russian
1612:Spanish
1599:Agnomen
1562:Occitan
1557:Italian
1547:Catalan
1539:Romance
1526:Swedish
1470:English
1427:Cornish
1404:Latvian
1378:Cypriot
1355:Finnish
1268:Ashanti
1227:Oceania
1217:Turkish
1197:Persian
1192:Pashtun
1167:Bengali
1132:Tibetan
1039:Chinese
982:Shikona
888:Notname
820:Patrial
813:Surname
790:Surname
737:Epithet
676:Affixes
662:Surname
489:Agnomen
458:), the
456:Iziduko
441:Maltese
433:cognome
430:Italian
423:Catalan
417:agnomen
397:epithet
393:surname
343:Claudii
318:agnomen
226:agnomen
146:; from
83:scholar
2328:Tughra
2233:Middle
2203:Family
2007:Titles
1993:medals
1991:, and
1985:Orders
1965:Suffix
1918:Styles
1877:Hebrew
1803:Sindhi
1788:Indian
1702:Slovak
1692:Polish
1631:Slavic
1552:French
1510:Gothic
1505:German
1419:Celtic
1396:Baltic
1345:Basque
1313:Europe
1298:Yoruba
1240:Fijian
1207:Somali
1202:Sindhi
1177:Coptic
1172:Berber
1157:Arabic
1152:Afghan
1117:Kalmyk
1084:Manchu
1079:Korean
1066:Titles
830:Virtue
825:Unisex
747:Common
742:Animal
567:
526:
460:Yoruba
444:kunjom
426:cognom
399:, and
373:Caesar
363:(from
361:Cicero
293:Caesar
210:Magnus
200:, the
129:Latin:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2278:-onym
2228:Given
2224:List
2109:Papal
2035:False
1649:Czech
1585:Nomen
1572:Roman
1465:Dutch
1447:Welsh
1432:Irish
1365:Greek
1250:Māori
1212:Tatar
1127:Sakha
1034:Amami
752:Plant
565:S2CID
464:Oriki
452:Xhosa
365:cicer
301:Junii
297:Julii
281:" or
275:Rufus
214:Sulla
176:(the
90:JSTOR
76:books
1901:List
1818:Thai
1728:and
1437:Manx
1320:and
1293:Igbo
993:List
940:list
929:Bugō
914:list
636:and
524:ISBN
468:Zulu
428:and
375:for
339:Nero
333:and
246:Afer
62:news
1793:Lao
1283:Ewe
1052:Art
557:doi
547:".
474:).
148:co-
138:pl.
45:by
2365::
1987:,
1315:,
563:.
553:34
551:.
395:,
391:,
379:.
315:,
262:.
140::
136:;
121:A
1907:/
1732:)
1723:(
916:)
912:(
669:/
626:e
619:t
612:v
571:.
559::
532:.
470:(
462:(
454:(
367:"
127:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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