239:
1798:
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317:). They are a symbol of the power the Catholic Church believes that Christ gave to Saint Peter and his successors. The gold key signifies that the power reaches to heaven and the silver key that it extends to all the faithful on earth, their interlacing indicates the linking between the two aspects of the power, and the handles of the key being at the base symbolize the power being in the hands of the pope.
430:, in a series of shields painted on the ceiling formerly in the church of San Simone at Spoleto (ca. 1400), in the 15th-century glass in the cathedrals of York and of Carpentras, in various 15th-century books of arms both English, German, and Italian, as well as in Martin Schrot's book of arms which is as late as 1581."
484:"From the beginning of the 14th century, the two crossed keys constitute the arms of the papacy. The field of the shield is generally gules (red) and the cord is azure (blue). Most often the key placed in bend is gold and the one placed in bend sinister is silver; sometimes they are both gold, or, less often, silver" (
613:""Froissart, in his Chronicles referring to the events of the year 1383, is the first to blazon the arms of the Church: faisait Vevesque de Mordwich porter devant lui les armes de l'Eglise, la bannière de St. Pierre, de gueules à deux clefs d'argent en sautoir, comme Gonfanonnier du Pape Urbain."
682:
as a sign of the union of the two powers. The handles are turned downwards, for they are in the hand of the Pope, Christ's lieutenant on earth. The wards point upwards, for the power of binding and loosing engages Heaven itself." Bruno
Bernhard Heim,
254:
The distinction between the coat of arms of the papacy and that of the territory ruled by it dates back at least to the 16th century. Galbreath states: "From the 16th century on, this, the third coat of the Papacy — which may be blazoned
345:
added a third crown to symbolize the superiority of papal religious authority over that of non-religious monarchs. The original significance of the three crowns was lost over time and they came to represent instead the pope's powers as
79:
had the same origin and developed contemporaneously with general heraldry, which had become general throughout
England, France, Italy and Germany by the end of the 12th century. Ecclesiastical heraldry appears first in
131:
of 1353, which describes them as "gules two keys in saltire argent". From the beginning of the 14th century, the arms of the Holy See had shown this arrangement of two crossed keys, most often with a gold key in
147:
is it found with certainty. "The practice of placing a gold key in bend over another in bend sinister of silver is not found with any certainty before the time of Pius II (1458–64)".
289:
Claudio Ceresa says that the oldest known representation of the crossed keys beneath the papal tiara dates from the pontificate of Martin V (1417–1431), whose successor,
557:
884:
158:
in bend sinister, both wards upwards, the bows united by a cord or, above the shield a tiara, its three crowns or , the mitre argent ". In his 1978 book,
1198:
1548:
1711:
629:
431:
329:
and his successors, it remains a papal heraldic symbol. A crown was added to the headgear of the Pope in 1130 to symbolize sovereignty over the
143:
The practice by which the gold key is placed in bend and the silver in bend sinister was slow in establishing itself, and only from the time of
426:, and other examples of these tinctures are to be found in manuscripts dating from the time of the former of these antipopes and from that of
220:. Claudio Ceresa, on the other hand, says the earliest known evidence of its adoption dates from the following century, in the pontificate of
1647:
614:
68:. These forms have origins attested from the 14th century. The combination of one gold and one silver key is a somewhat later development.
1010:
1139:
662:"The symbolism of the keys is brought out in an ingenious and interpretative fashion by heraldic art. One of the keys is of gold (
1671:
1178:
511:
313:. Whatever you declare bound on earth shall be bound in heaven; whatever you declare loosed on earth shall be loosed in heaven" (
111:). The keys appeared on their banners and were sewn onto their clothing over their breasts. The conflict is consequently called
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Gules a pair of keys crossed in saltire, one gold, one silver, tied gold, surmounted by a tiara silver, crowned gold
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459:(in Italian). Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici. p. 337.
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Insegne e simboli. Araldica pubblica e privata medievale e moderna. Parte Terza: Araldica
Napoleonica in Italia
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414:"A red shield bearing two white crossed keys, and surmounted by the tiara, is to be seen in a window of
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In 1952–1953 the
English Heraldry Society gave the blazon of the arms of the Holy See as "Gules a key
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270:(the emblem of the Pope's temporal powers) in place of the tiara, and were incorporated as the first
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128:
1765:
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991:
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side, signifies the power that extends even to Heaven. The silver key, which must point up to the
600:
The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the
Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century
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side, symbolizes the power over all the faithful on earth. The two are often linked by a cordon
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Holy See Press Office—State of
Vatican City Flag, Coat of Arms and Seal (official website)
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590:(2016), "The Papal 'Crusade' against Frederick II in 1228–1230", in Michel Balard (ed.),
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The
Montefeltro family arms with the addition of the papal insignia acquired by
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over the temporal affairs of the Holy See, and in the arms of the Papal States.
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was included in the coat of arms of the Holy See according to
Galbreath and
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combines two crossed keys and a tiara, used as the official emblem of the
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John A. Goodall, "The
Sovereign Pontiff has the oldest coat of arms" in
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293:(1431–1447), included it in the design of a silver coin. Galbreath and
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Insegne e simboli: araldica pubblica e privata medievale e moderna
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Insegne e simboli: araldica pubblica e privata medievale e moderna
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Insegne e simboli: araldica pubblica e privata medievale e moderna
1460:
1420:
453:
Bascapè, Giacomo C.; Piazzo, Marcello Del; Borgia, Luigi (1999).
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While actual wearing of the papal tiara has been discontinued by
35:
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Claudio Ceresa, "Una sintesi di simboli ispirati alla
Scrittura"
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Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origins, Customs and Laws
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Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origin, Customs and Laws
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789:(Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, 1983), p. 770
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558:"Scanned reproduction of the article, with illustrations"
259:— is taken to represent the Papacy as distinct from the
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266:
The arms of the Papal States differed in having the
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452:
263:." This statement is quoted with approval by Heim.
1199:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province
486:Michel Pastoureau, "Keys" in Philippe Levillain,
309:to Peter: "I will entrust to you the keys of the
1827:
227:
670:). The golden key, which points upwards on the
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297:say it is attested from the previous century.
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127:of the arms of the Holy See is that found in
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785:Giacomo P. Bascapè, Marcello Del Piazzo,
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1140:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
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99:in 1228, papal troops were described by
1184:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church
1179:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles
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656:
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389:Index of Vatican City-related articles
194:emblem, with the tiara replaced by an
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617:A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry
514:A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry
434:A Treatise on Ecclesiastical Heraldry
374:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State
653:
480:
478:
476:
1204:Sovereign of the Vatican City State
860:. Cambridge, 1930; Heffer and Sons.
202:Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
103:as "bearing the sign of the keys" (
13:
1125:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1102:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
867:. Gerrards Cross: Van Duren, 1978.
850:
705:Guruge, Anura (16 February 2010).
602:, University of Pennsylvania Press
14:
1882:
878:
473:
418:accompanying the achievements of
305:The keys refer to the promise of
274:of the royal coat of arms of the
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516:(W. Heffer and Sons, 1930), p. 9
337:, at that time in conflict with
166:described the same arrangement.
26:
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537:"Ecclesiastical Heraldry"
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160:Heraldry in the Catholic Church
1209:Servant of the servants of God
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527:Arthur Charles Fox-Davies in
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1:
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228:Papal States and Vatican City
64:, and by extension the wider
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1135:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
598:Brett Edward Whalen (2019),
369:Coat of arms of Vatican City
234:Coat of arms of Vatican City
58:coat of arms of the Holy See
21:Coat of arms of the Holy See
7:
1734:Pontifical colleges in Rome
872:L'Héraldique Ecclésiastique
592:The Papacy and the Crusades
488:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia
357:
10:
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1846:Coats of arms with crosses
1815:Catholic Church portal
1049:properties of the Holy See
919:
874:. Paris, 1911; H. Daragon.
870:Baron du Roure de Paulin:
619:(W. Heffer and Sons, 1930)
512:Donald Lindsay Galbreath,
436:(W. Heffer and Sons, 1930)
432:Donald Lindsay Galbreath,
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119:Keys and their arrangement
1841:Coats of arms with mitres
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728:– via Google Books.
285:Charges on the escutcheon
248:Gonfalonier of the Church
46:
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20:
666:), the other of silver (
207:
1836:Coats of arms with keys
1803:Vatican City portal
649:1952–53, vol. 2, p. 254
300:
77:Ecclesiastical heraldry
1648:for Vatican City State
1278:Apostolic constitution
645:The Heraldry Society,
615:Donald Lindsay gules,
251:
185:
129:Froissart's Chronicles
101:Richard of San Germano
72:Origins and background
1871:Religion and politics
1771:Sexually active popes
1722:Pontifical university
1466:Ring of the Fisherman
1305:Ecclesiastical letter
1300:Apostolic exhortation
1189:Patriarch of the West
1174:Vicar of Jesus Christ
863:Bruno Bernhard Heim:
856:Donald L. Galbreath:
766:Galbreath 1930, p. 25
543:Catholic Encyclopedia
530:Catholic Encyclopedia
420:Antipopes Clement VII
241:
179:
1766:Popes by nationality
1682:Sistine Chapel Choir
1616:College of Cardinals
1247:Regalia and insignia
1130:St. Peter's Basilica
754:18 February 2013 at
747:L'Osservatore Romano
364:Flag of Vatican City
154:in bend above a key
97:Emperor Frederick II
632:The Catholic Herald
568:on 24 February 2014
499:), vol. 2, p. 891).
339:Philip IV of France
1717:Pontifical academy
1712:Orders of chivalry
750:, 10 August 2008
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95:waged war against
1856:Christian symbols
1851:Catholic heraldry
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1590:Prelate of Honour
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805:www.heraldica.org
775:Heim 1978, p. 101
466:978-88-7125-159-2
416:Bourges Cathedral
311:kingdom of heaven
105:clavigeros hostes
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50:Late 14th century
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1073:Vatican City
1066:Headquarters
1006:Vatican City
968:
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1665:Dicasteries
1643:Commissions
1633:Roman Curia
1553:Swiss Guard
1326:Arbitration
1155:Papal names
1044:along with
594:, Routledge
333:. In 1301,
327:John Paul I
214:papal tiara
1830:Categories
1600:Theologian
1544:Camerlengo
1516:Popemobile
1376:Consistory
1371:Coronation
1344:Pontifical
1331:Deposition
1319:Activities
1295:Encyclical
1257:Umbraculum
930:Episcopate
833:vatican.va
588:G. A. Loud
428:Nicholas V
395:References
276:Napoleonic
272:quartering
268:umbraculum
197:umbraculum
164:Bruno Heim
1621:cardinals
1575:Gentlemen
1563:Palatinus
1549:Commander
1536:Household
1500:Zucchetto
1441:Flabellum
1413:Vestments
1396:High Mass
1381:Diplomacy
1310:Interdict
291:Eugene IV
125:blazoning
88:-shaped.
1861:Holy See
1776:Antipope
1751:Papabile
1655:Councils
1580:Preacher
1558:Chaplain
1476:Slippers
1456:Mozzetta
1359:Conclave
1338:Blessing
1106:cathedra
1024:Enclaved
955:Holy See
752:Archived
695:), p. 54
676:sinister
604:, p. 36.
379:Holy See
358:See also
222:Martin V
62:Holy See
41:Holy See
1761:Legends
1727:in Rome
1691:Related
1585:Prefect
1551:of the
1461:Pallium
1421:Camauro
1219:Symbols
1015:outline
992:History
987:Primacy
980:of the
973:Francis
932:of the
838:7 March
810:7 March
724:7 March
572:7 March
546:. 1913.
533:(1910)
352:teacher
47:Adopted
36:Armiger
1672:Synods
1446:Mantle
1436:Ferula
1403:Travel
1150:Titles
1039:, 1929
978:bishop
934:bishop
921:Papacy
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668:argent
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348:priest
184:emblem
156:argent
86:vesica
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1609:Staff
1488:Tiara
1471:Shoes
1451:Mitre
1431:Fanon
1426:Falda
1237:Cross
1096:Italy
1032:Italy
1011:index
680:Gules
321:Tiara
208:Tiara
91:When
82:seals
1626:list
1493:List
1391:Mass
1364:List
1288:List
1283:Bull
1252:Rota
1028:Rome
970:Pope
938:Rome
840:2019
812:2019
726:2019
713:ISBN
689:ISBN
574:2019
493:ISBN
461:ISBN
422:and
301:Keys
180:The
134:bend
56:The
1026:in
976:as
936:of
744:on
246:as
107:or
1832::
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152:or
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