394:
41:
329:
165:, led the Australian coastwatching organisation during much of World War II. Coastwatchers became particularly important in monitoring Japanese activity in the roughly one thousand islands that make up the Solomon Islands. Commander Feldt resigned his command due to illness in March 1943. His role was taken over by
123:
directed the Naval
Intelligence Division of the Royal Australian Navy to organise a coastwatching service. Walter Brooksbank, a civil assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence, worked in the 1920s and 1930s to organise a skeleton service of plantation owners and managers whose properties were
436:
in a dugout canoe to search for survivors. The two scouts found the men after searching for five days. Lacking paper, Kennedy scratched a message on a coconut describing the plight and position of his crew; Gasa and Kumana then paddled 38 miles (61 km) through
Japanese-held waters, at great
209:
Ferdinand ... did not fight but sat under a tree and just smelled the flowers. It was meant as a reminder to coastwatchers that it was not their duty to fight and so draw attention to themselves, but to sit circumspectly and unobtrusively, gathering information. Of course, like their titular
455:
In July 2022, Coastwatchers James
Burrowes and Ronald George Lee were still living, and were honoured in a wreath-laying ceremony by U.S. Ambassador to Australia Caroline Kennedy (daughter of President Kennedy) and General Mark Milley, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.
243:
New
Zealand developed its own coastwatching scheme from the 1930s. From the outbreak of war, the New Zealand Naval Board controlled coastwatching stations located around the New Zealand coastline and in the eastern Pacific. Stations were established in the
132:. In 1939, when war appeared imminent, he expanded the coast-watching service with additional island planters, traders, miners and missionaries. During the war the civilian coastwatchers were augmented with about 400 coastwatchers who were
931:
437:
personal risk, to deliver the message to Evans, who radioed the news to
Kennedy's squadron commander. The future US president was rescued shortly afterward, and 20 years later welcomed Evans to the
452:. "When he became President, he invited us to visit him. But when we got to the airport, we were met by a clerk, who said we couldn't go—Biuku and I spoke no English. My feelings went for bad."
1581:
441:. Gasa did not make the trip, later claiming he received the invitation to attend but was fooled into not attending by British colonial officials. Gasa left his village and arrived in
184:
did not always recognise this status, and executed several such officers. Escaped Allied personnel and even civilians augmented the coastwatchers' numbers. In one case, three German
374:, who retired from the local constabulary in 1941, volunteered for coastwatcher duty, and was captured and interrogated brutally. He survived and escaped to make contact with
1226:
335:
in August 1942, soon after the Allied landings on
Guadalcanal. Vouza escaped his Japanese captors and warned the Allies of the surprise Japanese attack at the
1387:
464:
There was an increase of interest in coastwatchers following the election of
Kennedy to President in 1960. Coastwatcher characters appeared in films such as
906:
1162:. New Zealand in the Second World War. Episodes & Studies. Vol. 2. Wellington, New Zealand: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs.
432:
when it was rammed by a
Japanese destroyer. Despite US Navy crews giving up the downed crew as a complete loss, Evans dispatched Solomon Islander scouts
802:
1397:
359:. The mission was situated atop a hill about 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level, approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) inland from
367:. McColl and Pursehouse were ambushed by Japanese forces, however they escaped. In December 1944 McColl was back in the Sepik River region.
1382:
724:
1571:
1432:
1427:
100:
378:
warning them of an impending
Japanese attack. He recovered from his wounds and continued to scout for the Marines. He was awarded the
387:
623:
1566:
176:
The
Australian military commissioned many personnel who took part in coastwatcher operations behind enemy lines as officers of the
1333:
1494:
1484:
1357:
1338:
1318:
1525:
1402:
1323:
678:
503:
166:
96:
1468:
1576:
466:
597:
120:
1234:
1530:
854:
828:
776:
750:
548:
523:
1422:
1377:
1372:
1291:
1188:
1109:
1090:
1068:
1049:
1030:
1008:
986:
658:"Coast Watch Organisation or Combined Operational Intelligence Service Section "C" of the Allied Intelligence Bureau"
607:
221:
1138:
The Private War of the Spotters: A History of the New Guinea Air Warning Wireless Company February 1942 – April 1945
1367:
1328:
321:
about Japanese warship and air movements (citing the numbers, type, and speed of enemy units) preparing to attack
1489:
880:
298:
When the Japanese overran the Gilbert Islands in 1942, 17 New Zealand coastwatchers were captured. Imprisoned at
24:
918:
1146:
1269:
949:
1451:
237:
1157:
199:
Feldt code-named his organisation "Ferdinand", taking the name from a popular children's book about a bull,
1392:
698:
1300:
433:
322:
119:, district naval officer of Western Australia, proposed a coastwatching programme in 1919. In 1922, the
1545:
1460:
347:
when Japanese forces began searching the nearby island, and travelled with other coast watchers to the
245:
217:
95:
to observe enemy movements and rescue stranded Allied personnel. They played a significant role in the
932:"Ambassador Caroline Kennedy’s Meeting with Australian Coastwatchers at the Australian War Memorial "
416:
415:—a future president—and 10 fellow crew members were shipwrecked after the sinking of their boat, the
310:
1210:
1304:
133:
28:
631:
405:
129:
31:. For the coastwatching programme in New Zealand's sub-Antarctic islands from 1941 to 1945, see
1407:
201:
181:
81:
1444:
1284:
685:
493:
425:
375:
170:
84:
53:
1515:
364:
336:
151:
104:
574:
8:
1520:
1018:
635:
398:
351:. McColl and L. Pursehouse operated in 1942 and 1943 at an abandoned Lutheran mission at
314:
154:
116:
1251:
1198:
412:
318:
125:
1184:
1163:
1142:
1105:
1086:
1064:
1045:
1026:
1004:
982:
603:
499:
472:
306:
302:, they were executed by the Japanese in October 1942 following an American air raid.
1277:
1183:. Washington, D.C.: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps.
229:
141:
1044:. Stackpole Military History Series. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Stackpole Books.
657:
1348:
408:
383:
193:
145:
57:
32:
1540:
1535:
1299:
996:
422:
393:
371:
363:, and would later become a battle site from 17 and 25 November 1943 during the
332:
289:
257:
88:
45:
1560:
1177:
344:
283:
The coastwatchers saved Guadalcanal and Guadalcanal saved the South Pacific.
386:
by the United States, and later received a knighthood as well as becoming a
1167:
397:
Solomon Islander scouts display Japanese weapons and flags captured during
261:
189:
92:
188:
assisted the coastwatchers after escaping Japanese captivity, even though
16:
Allied military intelligence and early warning operatives during the 1940s
1078:
725:"Behind Enemy Lines: An Amateur Radio Operator's Amazing Tale of Bravery"
438:
379:
360:
348:
137:
49:
124:
in strategic locations in northern Australia, the Australian controlled
56:(August 1942 – February 1943). The men with him were all members of the
19:
For the former aviation division of the Australian Customs Service, see
1136:
448:"After the rescue Kennedy said he would meet us again," Kumana says in
356:
352:
185:
162:
158:
20:
225:
40:
370:
One of the most highly decorated coastwatchers was Sergeant Major
442:
249:
881:"Eroni Kumana dies at 93; helped rescue JFK and his PT-109 crew"
299:
233:
979:... when the long trick's over: Donald Kennedy in the Pacific
265:
253:
177:
722:
269:
1582:
Military units and formations of Australia in World War II
445:, but was not allowed to leave in time for the ceremony.
180:(RANVR) to protect them in case of capture, although the
1356:
1123:. Fredericksburg, Texas, USA: Admiral Nimitz Foundation.
328:
524:"The Man in the Panama Who Mothered the Coastwatchers"
103:, particularly as an early warning network during the
549:"A Light Flashes for the Men Who "Saved the Pacific""
224:(SWPA). However Feldt reported both to GHQ, SWPA, in
1179:
First Offensive: The Marine Campaign for Guadalcanal
52:, provided intelligence to Allied forces during the
23:. For the UK's National Coastwatch Institution, see
1176:
950:"Forgotten Australian TV Plays: The Coastwatchers"
1141:. Foster, Victoria: NGAWW Publication Committee.
1558:
904:
305:In early November 1942, two coastwatchers named
679:"Operation Watchtower: Assault on the Solomons"
210:prototype, they could fight if they were stung.
981:. Kennington, Vic., Australia: Holland House.
1285:
1231:A History of the Battle for Australia 1942–43
1227:"Australian Coastwatchers in the Pacific War"
723:Hardman, Reg; Sagers, Carmody (4 June 2009).
1001:Alone on Guadalcanal: A Coastwatcher's Story
517:
515:
228:and to the United States-Australian-British
216:In June 1942 "Ferdinand" became part of the
1083:Lonely Vigil; Coastwatchers of the Solomons
599:Lonely Vigil: Coastwatchers of the Solomons
492:Jones, David; Nunan, Peter (January 2005).
1433:173rd Special Operations Aviation Squadron
1428:171st Special Operations Aviation Squadron
1292:
1278:
936:U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Australia
768:
491:
1121:A Diary of a Coastwatcher in the Solomons
1099:
846:
820:
794:
742:
512:
495:U.S. Subs Down Under: Brisbane, 1942–1945
388:Member of the Order of the British Empire
541:
392:
327:
39:
1118:
1102:Australians at War: A Pictorial History
995:
976:
178:Royal Australian Navy Volunteer Reserve
1559:
1495:Australian Secret Intelligence Service
1408:Tactical Assault Group (East and West)
1339:Special Operations Commander Australia
1334:National Security Committee of Cabinet
1134:
1058:
1025:. Victoria, Australia: Penguin Books.
1003:(reissue ed.). Bluejacket Books.
852:
826:
800:
777:"Coast Watchers In New Guinea Jungles"
774:
748:
1403:Special Operations Logistics Squadron
1273:
1039:
1017:
941:
905:Chamberlain, Ted (20 November 2002).
775:Freund, A. P. H. (16 December 1946).
521:
498:. Naval Institute Press. p. 50.
459:
78:Section C, Allied Intelligence Bureau
1398:Special Operations Engineer Regiment
1249:
1174:
1155:
1077:
947:
801:Freund, A. P. H. (8 February 1947).
595:
323:the US Forces in the Solomon Islands
1085:. New York: Naval Institute Press.
878:
121:Australian Commonwealth Naval Board
74:Combined Field Intelligence Service
13:
1531:Services Reconnaissance Department
1516:Independent and Commando Companies
1128:
682:War in the Pacific: The First Year
14:
1593:
1572:Australian people of World War II
1224:
1218:
528:XXVIII(4) Pacific Islands Monthly
222:South West Pacific Area (command)
48:(rear centre), a coastwatcher on
1388:ADF School of Special Operations
803:"Jap Dodging Behind Finschhafen"
699:"The Southern Gilberts occupied"
522:White, Osmar (1 November 1957).
428:, observed the explosion of the
279:
1567:Solomon Islands in World War II
925:
898:
872:
859:XVII(9) Pacific Islands Monthly
853:McColl, K. H. (19 April 1947).
833:XVII(9) Pacific Islands Monthly
827:McColl, K. H. (19 April 1947).
807:XVII(7) Pacific Islands Monthly
781:XVII(5) Pacific Islands Monthly
755:XVII(8) Pacific Islands Monthly
749:McColl, K. H. (18 March 1947).
716:
450:The Search for Kennedy's PT-109
275:
220:, which came under the Allies'
87:operatives stationed on remote
25:National Coastwatch Institution
879:Woo, Elaine (16 August 2014).
691:
672:
650:
616:
589:
567:
553:XXX(2) Pacific Islands Monthly
485:
421:. An Australian coastwatcher,
343:K. H. McColl had to flee from
317:radioed early warnings to the
205:. He explained this by saying:
1:
1042:Coastwatching in World War II
624:"The Coastwatchers 1941–1945"
602:(eBook ed.). Open Road.
479:
467:The Wackiest Ship in the Army
1393:Special Air Service Regiment
7:
1577:Special forces of Australia
1301:Special Forces of Australia
1175:Shaw, Henry I. Jr. (1992).
855:"Out of the End of a Limb!"
751:"Out of the End of a Limb!"
470:and TV productions such as
434:Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana
192:had allied itself with the
110:
10:
1598:
1546:Far Eastern Liaison Office
1485:1st Intelligence Battalion
1461:Royal Australian Air Force
1319:Chief of the Defence Force
1252:"Coast Watch Organization"
970:
911:Found, U.S. Navy Confirms"
246:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
218:Allied Intelligence Bureau
101:South West Pacific theatre
18:
1503:
1477:
1459:
1443:
1347:
1324:Chief of Joint Operations
1311:
628:Australia's War 1941–1945
27:. For the 1959 film, see
1469:No. 4 Squadron, B Flight
1305:Australian Defence Force
1135:Perrin, Alex E. (1990).
915:National Geographic News
236:), which came under the
70:Coast Watch Organisation
29:The Coastwatchers (film)
1452:Clearance Diving Branch
1156:Hall, D. O. W. (1951).
1119:Rhoades, F. A. (1982).
1104:. The Five Mile Press.
632:Government of Australia
130:British Solomon Islands
1383:ADF Parachuting School
1100:Macdougal, A. (2002).
1059:Horton, D. C. (1970).
977:Butcher, Mike (2012).
948:Vagg, Stephen (2023).
401:
340:
214:
202:The Story of Ferdinand
182:Imperial Japanese Army
61:
1445:Royal Australian Navy
1423:6th Aviation Regiment
1378:2nd Commando Regiment
1373:1st Commando Regiment
1061:Fire Over the Islands
1040:Feuer, A. B. (1992).
686:National Park Service
596:Lord, Walter (2012).
426:Arthur Reginald Evans
396:
331:
207:
171:Royal Australian Navy
97:Pacific Ocean theatre
85:military intelligence
54:battle for the island
43:
1368:Special Forces Group
1329:Minister for Defence
1250:Dunn, Peter (2005).
1019:Feldt, Eric Augustus
921:on 29 November 2002.
575:"The Coast Watchers"
365:Battle of Sattelberg
337:Battle of the Tenaru
152:Lieutenant Commander
144:, or escaped Allied
105:Guadalcanal campaign
68:, also known as the
1526:RAN Beach Commandos
1521:No. 200 Flight RAAF
1490:7th Signal Regiment
315:Bougainville Island
238:Pacific Ocean Areas
134:Australian military
117:Chapman James Clare
1358:Special Operations
829:"Trapped by Nips!"
660:. Australia at War
638:on 18 January 2009
460:In popular culture
413:United States Navy
402:
372:Sir Jacob C. Vouza
341:
319:United States Navy
126:Territory of Papua
62:
1554:
1553:
1418:
1417:
1023:The Coastwatchers
885:Los Angeles Times
555:. 1 November 1957
505:978-1-59114-644-5
473:The Coastwatchers
296:
295:
142:Pacific Islanders
1589:
1504:Historical units
1354:
1353:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1237:on 7 August 2007
1233:. Archived from
1214:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1182:
1171:
1152:
1124:
1115:
1096:
1074:
1055:
1036:
1014:
992:
965:
964:
962:
960:
945:
939:
929:
923:
922:
917:. Archived from
902:
896:
895:
893:
891:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
850:
844:
843:
841:
839:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
746:
740:
739:
737:
735:
720:
714:
713:
711:
709:
695:
689:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
634:. Archived from
620:
614:
613:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
545:
539:
538:
536:
534:
519:
510:
509:
489:
399:Carlson's patrol
280:
230:Fleet Radio Unit
196:during the war.
146:prisoners of war
1597:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1499:
1473:
1455:
1439:
1414:
1359:
1349:Australian Army
1343:
1307:
1298:
1260:
1258:
1256:Australia @ War
1240:
1238:
1221:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1149:
1131:
1129:Further reading
1112:
1093:
1071:
1052:
1033:
1011:
997:Clemens, Martin
989:
973:
968:
958:
956:
946:
942:
930:
926:
903:
899:
889:
887:
877:
873:
863:
861:
851:
847:
837:
835:
825:
821:
811:
809:
799:
795:
785:
783:
773:
769:
759:
757:
747:
743:
733:
731:
721:
717:
707:
705:
697:
696:
692:
677:
673:
663:
661:
656:
655:
651:
641:
639:
622:
621:
617:
610:
594:
590:
580:
578:
573:
572:
568:
558:
556:
547:
546:
542:
532:
530:
520:
513:
506:
490:
486:
482:
462:
409:John F. Kennedy
384:Legion of Merit
333:Sir Jacob Vouza
288:— U.S. Admiral
278:
194:Empire of Japan
113:
89:Pacific islands
58:Solomon Islands
36:
33:Cape Expedition
17:
12:
11:
5:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1541:Z Special Unit
1538:
1536:M Special Unit
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1364:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1247:
1225:Bowen, James.
1220:
1219:External links
1217:
1216:
1215:
1189:
1172:
1153:
1147:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1110:
1097:
1091:
1075:
1069:
1056:
1050:
1037:
1031:
1015:
1009:
993:
987:
972:
969:
967:
966:
940:
938:(28 July 2022)
924:
897:
871:
845:
819:
793:
767:
741:
715:
690:
671:
649:
615:
608:
588:
566:
540:
511:
504:
483:
481:
478:
461:
458:
294:
293:
290:William Halsey
285:
284:
277:
274:
258:Fanning Island
232:in Melbourne (
112:
109:
46:Martin Clemens
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1594:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1511:Coastwatchers
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1200:
1192:
1190:9780160379413
1186:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:Coastwatchers
1154:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1111:1-86503-865-2
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1092:1-59114-466-3
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:0-589-07089-4
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1051:0-8117-3329-7
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1032:0-14-014926-0
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:1-59114-124-9
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
988:9780987162700
984:
980:
975:
974:
955:
951:
944:
937:
933:
928:
920:
916:
912:
910:
901:
886:
882:
875:
860:
856:
849:
834:
830:
823:
808:
804:
797:
782:
778:
771:
756:
752:
745:
730:
726:
719:
704:
700:
694:
687:
683:
680:
675:
659:
653:
637:
633:
629:
625:
619:
611:
609:9781453238493
605:
601:
600:
592:
577:. gunplot.net
576:
570:
554:
550:
544:
529:
525:
518:
516:
507:
501:
497:
496:
488:
484:
477:
475:
474:
469:
468:
457:
453:
451:
446:
444:
440:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
419:
414:
410:
407:
400:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:Wuvulu Island
338:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
291:
287:
286:
282:
281:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213:
212:
206:
204:
203:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
167:James McManus
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
118:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:Coastwatchers
60:police force.
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1510:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:
1239:. Retrieved
1235:the original
1230:
1178:
1158:
1137:
1120:
1101:
1082:
1079:Lord, Walter
1060:
1041:
1022:
1000:
978:
957:. Retrieved
953:
943:
935:
927:
919:the original
914:
908:
900:
888:. Retrieved
884:
874:
864:29 September
862:. Retrieved
858:
848:
838:29 September
836:. Retrieved
832:
822:
812:29 September
810:. Retrieved
806:
796:
786:29 September
784:. Retrieved
780:
770:
760:29 September
758:. Retrieved
754:
744:
732:. Retrieved
728:
718:
706:. Retrieved
702:
693:
681:
674:
662:. Retrieved
652:
640:. Retrieved
636:the original
627:
618:
598:
591:
579:. Retrieved
569:
557:. Retrieved
552:
543:
531:. Retrieved
527:
494:
487:
471:
465:
463:
454:
449:
447:
429:
417:
403:
369:
342:
304:
297:
276:Significance
262:Cook Islands
242:
215:
211:
208:
200:
198:
190:Nazi Germany
186:missionaries
175:
150:
140:servicemen,
114:
93:World War II
77:
73:
69:
65:
63:
37:
1261:12 December
1241:12 December
1207:|work=
664:2 September
642:2 September
439:White House
380:Silver Star
361:Finschhafen
349:Sepik River
157:, based in
138:New Zealand
50:Guadalcanal
1561:Categories
1312:Leadership
1148:0731672925
480:References
406:Lt. (j.g.)
376:US Marines
357:New Guinea
353:Sattelberg
311:Paul Mason
163:Queensland
159:Townsville
155:Eric Feldt
136:officers,
21:Coastwatch
1209:ignored (
1199:cite book
1081:(2006) .
1021:(1991) .
703:nzetc.org
559:2 October
533:1 October
307:Jack Read
240:command.
999:(2004).
959:9 August
684:. U.S.
581:28 April
404:In 1943
226:Brisbane
128:and the
115:Captain
111:Overview
44:Captain
1478:Related
1360:Command
1303:of the
1168:1022254
971:Sources
954:Filmink
907:"JFK's
890:23 June
688:, 2004.
443:Honiara
411:of the
250:Tokelau
169:of the
91:during
80:, were
1187:
1166:
1145:
1108:
1089:
1067:
1048:
1029:
1007:
985:
909:PT-109
606:
502:
430:PT-109
423:Sub-Lt
418:PT-109
300:Tarawa
268:, and
260:, the
234:FRUMEL
82:Allied
734:3 May
708:9 May
266:Tonga
254:Samoa
1263:2006
1243:2006
1211:help
1185:ISBN
1164:OCLC
1143:ISBN
1106:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1065:ISBN
1046:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1005:ISBN
983:ISBN
961:2024
892:2016
866:2021
840:2021
814:2021
788:2021
762:2021
736:2016
729:ARRL
710:2018
666:2008
644:2008
604:ISBN
583:2018
561:2021
535:2021
500:ISBN
382:and
309:and
270:Fiji
99:and
64:The
325:.
313:on
76:or
1563::
1254:.
1229:.
1203::
1201:}}
1197:{{
1063:.
952:.
934:,
913:.
883:.
857:.
831:.
805:.
779:.
753:.
727:.
701:.
630:.
626:.
551:.
526:.
514:^
476:.
390:.
355:,
292:.
272:.
264:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
173:.
161:,
148:.
107:.
72:,
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
1265:.
1245:.
1213:)
1193:.
1170:.
1151:.
1114:.
1095:.
1073:.
1054:.
1035:.
1013:.
991:.
963:.
894:.
868:.
842:.
816:.
790:.
764:.
738:.
712:.
668:.
646:.
612:.
585:.
563:.
537:.
508:.
339:.
35:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
