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Services
Company; Coastal Aux Sable Products Company; Coastal Gas Australia Pty Ltd.; Engage Energy US, L.P. (50%); Engage Energy Canada, L.P. (50%); Blue Lake Gas Storage Company (75%); Empire State Pipeline (50%); Great Lakes Gas Transmission Limited Partnership (50%); Coastal Aruba Refining Company N.V.; Coastal Refining & Marketing, Inc.; Coastal Eagle Point Oil Company; Coastal Mobile Refining Company; Coastal Refining & Marketing, Inc.; Coastal States Trading, Inc.; Coastal Canada Petroleum, Inc.; Coastal Oil & Gas Corporation; ANR Production Company; Coastal Oil & Gas USA, L.P.; CIG Exploration, Inc.; Coastal Oil & Gas Australia Pty Ltd.; Coastal Power Company; Coastal Technology, Inc.; Coastal Coal Company, LLC.
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442:, that concluded that about half of the 4,500 companies in the Oil-for-Food Program paid a total of $ 1.8 billion in kickbacks and illicit surcharges to Saddam’s regime. Wyatt's defense also floated the issue of "vindictive prosecution"—that is, the Bush administration singling out its old nemesis in both the oil patch and politics, Oscar Wyatt, for punishment but leaving other possible violators of the sanctions alone. Prosecutors, in turn, amassed a daunting paper trail and rewarded a few former Iraqi petrocrats with help in obtaining
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conditions. In addition, according to
Coastal, by 2010 the demand for natural gas was expected to grow considerably, from 22 trillion cubic feet to 30 trillion cubic feet per year. The company, therefore, chose to invest heavily in its natural gas operations, targeting the primary natural gas supply areas, which included the Gulf of Mexico, south Texas, the Rocky Mountains, and Canada. In June 1998 the company acquired additional interest in natural gas assets in Alabama, including a processing plant and a pipeline.
583:) for joint ownership of Coastal's Pacific Refining Company. Coastal and Sinochem each held a 50 percent interest in the West Coast refiner. The agreement provided certain advantages for both sides. Sinochem obtained an opportunity to invest in the United States as well as a long-term outlet for crude oil, and Coastal secured a dependable supply of crude oil in a volatile world oil market. This joint venture represented the first investment in U.S. energy assets by China.
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Texas
Coastal Plain, a region that accounted for 45 percent of Coastal's net gas production in 1998. By February 1999 Coastal had seven oil rigs in operation. In the Gulf of Mexico region, Coastal built five drilling and production platforms in 1998. Coastal also sought international opportunities for its exploration and production operations in the late 1990s. The company announced plans to start exploration in Australia, and in October 1998 Coastal signed a deal with
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Bangladesh and continued work on two projects in
Pakistan, which were scheduled to be operational in 1999. Coastal hoped to have its Guatemala coal-fired power plant, which began construction in 1997, operational by early 2000. In September 1999 Coastal announced that, with GENER S.A., a South American electricity company, it had purchased 50 percent of the Itabo Generation Company from the Dominican Republic. Itabo owned six thermal plants near the country's capital.
635:, designed to move natural gas from western Canada to the Chicago region. Construction of the pipeline continued through the late 1990s. In 1999 Coastal announced plans to develop a 700 mi (1,100 km) pipeline running from Mobile, Alabama, to Tampa Bay, Florida. The proposed Gulfstream Natural Gas System pipeline was designed to serve the growing natural gas and energy demand in Florida. It was projected that the pipeline would be completed by 2002.
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needed the cash to repay the mounting debt it had acquired from following the same business model as Ken Lay's Enron. El Paso had heavily leveraged itself to fuel sales into new markets for electricity, and concealed mounting debt from its balance sheet by writing off the debt to offshore subsidiary companies. In June 2003 Oscar Wyatt, along with El Paso investor Selim Zilkha, initiated a
600:, Wyatt offered to sell Iraqi President Saddam Hussein part of the company's international marketing and refining operations. U.S. sanctions against Iraq following the war prevented Coastal from purchasing Iraqi oil, but Wyatt maintained close relations with Iraq in hopes of gaining access to the oil at some time in the future.
491:, formed on December 31, 1979, from LoVaca and other Coastal assets, had annual revenues of about $ 1 billion. The customers suing Coastal received 55 percent of Valero's stock, with the remaining split among Coastal shareholders, not including Wyatt. At the plaintiffs' insistence, he was excluded from the agreement.
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Hussein since 1991. Coastal also expanded its chemical operations with a newly established ammonia plant in Oyster Creek, Texas. In its coal division
Coastal progressed with plans to transform the business from a processing and marketing company to one that mined, processed, and marketed its own coal.
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to gain control of the El Paso
Corporation and to wrestle control of the remaining assets, which included natural gas pipelines, exploration, and production assets. Since the merging and disclosing of corporate malfeasance by El Paso management, Its stock had fallen 87% from its February 2001 high of
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In the mid-1980s the U.S. government sought to foster competition in the natural gas industry through deregulation. The new government policy, together with falling prices, created difficulties for many energy companies. Coastal not only survived deregulation it took full advantage of the competitive
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to supply cities in south Texas with natural gas. With energy prices soaring and supplies dwindling, LoVaca could not meet its contractual obligations. At one point it cut off gas supplies to the cities of San
Antonio and Austin during the winter. Wyatt then obtained regulatory permission to increase
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with which
Coastal later merged. Coastal produced, gathered, processed, transported, stored and marketed natural gas throughout the United States and by the 1990s, Coastal's 20,000-mile pipeline network transported five billion cubic feet of natural gas daily. These pipelines include the Iroquois and
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Wyatt gave up his post as CEO in 1995 but continued as chairman. David A. Arledge, the company president, became its CEO as well. In early 1995, through subsidiary
Coastal Oil & Gas Corp., Coastal gained an interest in several producing fields, off the coast of Louisiana, from Koch Hydrocarbons,
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acquired
Coastal in 2001, and El Paso largely divested itself of Coastal's Petroleum business with the Coastal brand being phased out. Its website was shut down immediately upon the buyout. El Paso has gradually sold off the Coastal retail gasoline business, and very few of its stations still exist
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acquired 245 service stations from Coastal on February 9, 2001, for approximately $ 40 million. Coastal's Eagle Point, New Jersey Refinery was sold to Sunoco while refineries in Texas and Aruba were acquired by Valero Energy. The majority of the Coastal retail gas stations were sold to Phillips 66
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in a $ 200 million deal to purchase crude oil from Iraq. The agreement was part of the United Nation's oil-for-food deal, in which the proceeds of the sales would be used to purchase food and medicine for Iraqi citizens who had suffered significantly from economic sanctions in place against Saddam
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to form a joint venture to market natural gas and electricity and to provide energy management services. The venture, which would create one of the largest marketers of natural gas and electricity in North America, was named Engage Energy. To procure funds for additional ventures, Coastal sold its
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to streamline operations. In the following year, in fact, Coastal adopted an aggressive growth strategy. Through its subsidiary ANR Pipeline Company, Coastal completed construction on the Empire State Pipeline, a 156 mi (251 km) line that ran from Niagara Falls to Syracuse, New York. ANR
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The U.S. government took action against Coastal's agreement with Libya in 1991 by prohibiting U.S. citizens from working for the venture. This act did not dissuade Wyatt from further deals with countries in the Middle East. Coastal bought large amounts of Iraqi crude in the 1980s, and prior to the
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In 2003, Oscar Wyatt and other shareholders sued the El Paso Corporation for allegedly misrepresenting its intentions for Coastal assets prior to the merger in 2000. After the merger of Coastal and El Paso Corporation, the latter began divesting itself of Coastal assets beginning in 2001. El Paso
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regarding the purchase of power. Coastal also participated in numerous international projects. In early 1999 Coastal purchased a 24.5 percent stake in a hydroelectric plant in Panama and also began operations at its Nicaragua plant. The company acquired a 66.7 percent interest in a power plant in
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were each fined $ 40,000. Each company was required to refund $ 9 million to the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and each incurred $ 1 million in civil penalties. Economic recession and an oversupply of oil and natural gas, as well as conservation by consumers, led to Coastal's first loss, which
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ANR Pipeline Company; ANR Alliance Pipeline Company U.S., Inc.; ANR Independence Pipeline Company; ANR Storage Company; Colorado Interstate Gas Company; Wyoming Interstate Company, Ltd.; Coastal Field Services Company; Coastal Gas International Company; Coastal Gas Marketing Company; Coastal Gas
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To bolster its exploration and production operations, Coastal upped its exploration and production budget by $ 100 million in 1998 and by $ 290 million in 1999. Coastal acquired oil and gas assets in northeastern Utah and western Colorado in late 1998. The company also acquired properties in the
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A key to the company's successful strategy was the continued high productivity of all Coastal employees, from unskilled workers to those in management. Coal workers employed by Coastal produced twice the industry average, and the expectations for Coastal's management staff were high. Indeed, the
564:(ANR), a natural gas pipeline in the Midwest. Despite ANR's initial determination to stay free of Coastal's clutches, Wyatt pushed through an all-cash deal of $ 2.45 billion, which ANR shareholders could not refuse. The acquisition transformed Coastal into a major power in the U.S. gas business.
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Coastal's operating revenues dropped considerably between 1996 and 1998, from $ 12.17 billion to $ 7.37 billion, making it a target for acquisition. Although the company rebounded from increased production of natural gas by more than 16 percent in 1998, coupled with rising oil prices that made
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In the late 1990s, Coastal focused on its natural gas business. With excess reserves of crude oil and low refining margins, the global oil industry was in a state of chaos. The North American natural gas market, on the other hand, was a regional market, largely unaffected by global oil market
426:, Oscar Wyatt was being investigated for illegally doing business with Iraq's Saddam Hussein in violation of United Sanctions that strictly regulated Iraqi sales of crude oil. In 2007, Oscar Wyatt pleaded guilty in a U.S. federal court to illegally sending payments to Iraq under the
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In other 1998 developments, Coastal sold or closed nearly 100 retail stores, including 64 Coastal Mart stores in the Midwest, to adhere to the company's decision to dispense with nonessential businesses. The stores continued to operate under the Coastal brand name. Coastal joined
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failed, yet Coastal's initial investment in the company generated a total of $ 26.4 million in profits. Intervening companies that came to the rescue of Texas Gas Resources were forced to buy up shares held by Coastal at inflated prices. Wyatt's unsuccessful attempt to take over
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In 1980 Wyatt changed the company's name to Coastal Corporation. In the same year revenues exceeded $ 5 billion. In 1980 in Houston, Wyatt and two other oil executives pleaded guilty to criminal violations of federal crude oil pricing regulations. Wyatt and the president of
676:(PDVSA), regarding a venture involving Coastal's Corpus Christi refinery facilities. Coastal's refinery in Eagle Point, New Jersey, was busy in 1998 as well. In June Coastal finalized an agreement concerning the supply of crude with Norway's state oil company,
348:. Coastal Corporation also owned and operated a fleet of oil tankers, tugs, and barges. Sales in 1991 totaled $ 9.549 billion. Coastal Corporation supplied marine diesel in the Caribbean, natural gas in Colorado, and heating oil in the Northeast.
332:, electricity, and coal. It also sold gasoline at Coastal-branded gas stations. By 1999, Coastal Refining and Marketing operated 962 gas stations in 33 states and was supplied by four refineries, including a 150,000 bbl per day refinery in
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In the late 1980s, Coastal took advantage of improved economic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. In 1988 Coastal concluded an agreement with China National Chemicals Import and Export Corporation
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atmosphere by launching hostile takeover bids for other struggling energy companies. The mere threat of a takeover by Coastal could send the stock price of a target company soaring. In 1983, for example, Coastal's attempt to secure
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Coastal's refinery facilities expanded operations in the late 1990s as well. In July 1998 the company signed a five-year deal with PMI Comercio Internacional, S.A. de C.V., a marketing subsidiary of Mexico's national oil company,
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Although Coastal concentrated on boosting its natural gas operations, the company continued to implement its growth strategy in other divisions. In Coastal's electric power business, the company increased its interest in a
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held a 50 percent interest in the pipeline, and Union Enterprises Ltd. held the remaining half. Also in 1993, the company acquired Soldier Creek Coal Co. and Sage Point Coal Co., both subsidiaries of Sun Co., Inc.
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Like Wyatt, Coastal began business in modest circumstances, with 68 mi (109 km) of pipeline and 78 employees. Wyatt was both beloved and hated, litigious and charitable. As a personal friend of Iraq's
672:, in which PMI agreed to supply crude for Coastal's refinery in Aruba. Coastal began expanding the Aruba refinery in September. In 1997 Coastal entered into discussions with Venezuela's national oil company,
517:, renamed Belcher New England, Inc., Coastal began the marketing and distribution of petroleum products. By 1975 revenues had reached $ 1.9 billion. Coastal's expansion continued in 1976 with the purchase of
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magazine article called Wyatt the real "JR Ewing" of the oil business, and described Oscar and his wife Lynn Sakowitz (a fixture of the Houston social fashion scene) together as "the beauty and the beast".
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In 1992 Coastal shut down its Derby refinery in Kansas when its refining and marketing division reported an operating loss of $ 192 million, but the company continued to grow, seeking acquisitions and
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Despite the impact of the energy crisis, Coastal maintained its profitability and continued to expand throughout the 1970s. The expansion was not confined to Texas. In 1973, Coastal acquired
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plant in Midland, Michigan, from 10.9 to 20.4 percent in 1998. In 1999 Coastal announced plans to build a power plant in Colorado and indicated that it had reached an agreement with the
471:(OPEC), by presenting a united front, began to win price increases. In 1971, OPEC cut production and raised prices by 70 percent, and by 1974 prices had quadrupled, leading to the
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LoVaca was the target of lawsuits by outraged customers. Its difficulties caused problems for Coastal for years. Coastal finally settled $ 1.6 billion in lawsuits by agreeing to
386:, he gained experience in the oil business selling drill bits from the trunk of his Ford Coupe. He later worked for Kerr-McGee and Reed Roller Bits before becoming a partner in
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When Wyatt stepped down as chairman in 1997, Arledge gained the additional post. In that year Coastal acquired an 11 percent interest in the 1,900 mi (3,100 km)
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amounted to $ 96.4 million for the year 1981. Wyatt trimmed the workforce and cut the budget, and within six months he had restored the company to profitability.
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constant pressure for results led to a high management turnover, with Coastal's refinery business alone having five different managers between 1980 and 1989.
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In the first half of the decade, Coastal also sought to diversify into other energy markets. In 1973 it entered the coal mining field with the acquisition of
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Utah coal mining operations for approximately $ 610 million in late 1996. The company planned to keep its coal operations in the eastern United States.
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continued with merger negotiations. This resulted in Coastal being acquired by the smaller El Paso Energy, whose primary business was in natural gas.
883:"Old Raiders Never Die They Just Get Even Oscar Wyatt lost a ton of money on El Paso. Now he's trying to throw the bums out. And he just may succeed"
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In 1987, despite sanctions prohibiting U.S. companies from dealing with Libya because of its terrorist connections, Wyatt negotiated a deal in which
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not to go to war with Iraq over Kuwait and later negotiated with Saddam to secure the release of western hostages being held in Baghdad. A 2007
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Founder Oscar Wyatt was born into poverty in Beaumont, Texas. He was abandoned by an alcoholic father and was raised by a single mother in
382:. Wyatt served in World War II and was decorated and wounded twice as a bomber pilot. Earning a degree in mechanical engineering from
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732:$ 75 a share. El Paso had debts of $ 25 billion and was being sued by shareholders and investigated by state and federal regulators.
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506:. With the acquisition, Coastal became a national company. In 1973, Wyatt renamed the company Coastal States Gas Corporation.
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While El Paso Energy was selling Coastal's petroleum marketing and production assets off piece-by-piece to competitors
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was a diversified energy and petroleum products company headquartered at 9 Greenway Plaza (Coastal Tower) in
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575:. Wyatt's deal was legal because foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies were exempt from U.S. regulations.
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under the Coastal brand as of 2008, many having been converted to other major brands or generic brands.
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In the early 1970s events in the Middle East overshadowed the rise of Coastal. The Arab-dominated
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Coastal was founded in 1955. The original company name was Coastal States Gas Producing Company.
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Directory of Corporate Affiliations, Volume 1. National Register Publishing Company, 1995.
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Great Lakes pipeline, completed in 1991, and the Empire State Pipeline, completed in 1992.
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Inc. The company also acquired working interests in two dozen wells in the Utah area from
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Coastal's Petroleum business increasingly profitable, the board of directors and founder
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Corporation's subsidiary Esso Petrolera, S.A., located on the Caribbean island of Aruba.
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and incorporated in 1955 as Coastal States Gas Producing Company. It merged with the
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1023:"The El Paso Energy Corp. to purchase the Coastal Corp. for 1.32 times revenue"
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Coastal was a natural gas producer and distributor along with competitors
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company with 13,300 employees and annual revenues of $ 8.2 billion.
156:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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390:. Wyatt founded Coastal States Gas Producing Company in 1955.
1062:"Big Shareholder Mounts Attack On Energy Industry Accounting"
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994:"Sunoco Reports Sharp Increase in First Quarter Earnings"
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in 1984 yielded a similar return of $ 42 million through
1104:"One-Year Term for Oilman Convicted in Iraq Kickbacks"
946:"One-Year Term for Oilman Convicted in Iraq Kickbacks"
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1126:"Prison term could cap oil trader's legendary career"
502:, along with its three refineries in a $ 182 million
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prices beyond the limits specified in the contracts.
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475:. LoVaca, Coastal's pipeline subsidiary, had signed
1147:"History of El Paso Corporation – FundingUniverse"
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1124:Lynch, David J.; Today, Usa (December 21, 2005).
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623:In 1996, Coastal entered into discussions with
285:A five-gallon bucket of Coastal brand motor oil
697:2000s: acquisition, divestment, and litigation
430:. At his sentencing hearing, Wyatt's attorney
469:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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308:, Texas. The company was founded in 1955 by
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1224:Defunct oil companies of the United States
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277:, which contained the Coastal headquarters
1234:American companies disestablished in 2001
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837:Lipton, Martin and Erica H. Steinberger.
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328:Coastal produced and marketed petroleum,
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
513:. Also in 1973, with the acquisition of
293:An abandoned Coastal gas station in 2011
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73:This article includes a list of general
1244:Companies based in Harris County, Texas
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722:Lawsuit and proxy fight against El Paso
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1082:"Oil Concerns Say U.S. Underpaid Them"
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591:1990s: acquisitions, and steady growth
571:supplied oil to Coastal's refinery in
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983:. Texas State Historical Association.
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998:Sunoco press release via PR Newswire
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718:which later became Conoco Phillips.
560:. In 1985 Wyatt set about acquiring
498:, formerly the Derby Oil Company of
336:, a 180,000 bbl per day refinery in
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616:and bought the marketing assets of
533:1980s: Name change and legal issues
316:in 2001. As of 1999, Coastal was a
16:Defunct American energy corporation
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1192:Texas State Historical Association
1166:Swartz, Mimi (September 1, 2001).
897:from the original on April 8, 2014
839:Takeovers and Freezeouts, Volume 2
661:Public Service Company of Colorado
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1102:Feuer, Alan (November 28, 2007).
34:This article has multiple issues.
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944:Feuer, Alan (28 November 2007).
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398:and business partner to Libya's
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1060:Barboza, David (May 21, 2002).
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42:or discuss these issues on the
1027:Weekly Corporate Growth Report
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434:(who also defended Mafia boss
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1239:2001 mergers and acquisitions
1194:. Accessed February 15, 2015.
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1200:. Federal Trade Commission.
919:"The Day Oscar Wyatt Caved"
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674:PetrĂłleos de Venezuela S.A.
515:Union Petroleum Corporation
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152:the claims made and adding
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384:Texas A & M University
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489:Valero Energy Corporation
450:Coastal corporate history
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1046:Reuters Business Insight
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402:, Wyatt urged President
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203:The Coastal Corporation
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614:Snyder Oil Corporation
487:LoVaca. The spin-off,
463:1970s: Rapid expansion
428:Oil-for-Food Programme
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625:Westcoast Energy Inc.
477:fixed-price contracts
334:Corpus Christi, Texas
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853:on August 23, 2010.
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686:Chevron Corporation
670:Petroleos Mexicanos
554:Houston Natural Gas
549:Texas Gas Resources
527:Belcher Oil Company
473:1970s energy crisis
368:Founder Oscar Wyatt
314:El Paso Corporation
298:Coastal Corporation
248:El Paso Corporation
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1109:The New York Times
1087:The New York Times
1067:The New York Times
951:The New York Times
849:." Retrieved from
388:Wymore Oil Company
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881:Creswell, Julie.
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843:Law Journal Press
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647:, Brazil's
504:hostile bid
455:Early years
374:Oscar Wyatt
330:natural gas
318:Fortune 500
310:Oscar Wyatt
92:introducing
1208:Categories
1094:2008-07-24
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1016:References
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146:improve it
75:references
39:improve it
1131:USA Today
845:, 1978. "
645:Petrobras
558:greenmail
150:verifying
45:talk page
895:Archived
748:See also
581:Sinochem
485:spin-off
324:Products
217:Industry
887:cnn.com
680:Group.
678:Statoil
306:Houston
264:, Texas
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235:Defunct
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221:Energy
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569:Libya
353:Enron
342:Aruba
1181:2015
1159:2015
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863:ISBN
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