971:
115:
979:
Due to high demand and poor average quality, India is forced to import high quality coal to meet the requirements of steel plants. India imported 215.25 million metric tons (237.27 million short tons) and exported 2.95 million metric tons (3.25 million short tons) of coal in 2020–21. Net imports of coal declined by 13.39% over the previous fiscal. India's net imports of coal grew at a compound annual growth rate of 8.62% over the last 10 years. India is the second largest coal importer in the world, after China.
160:
557:
33:
365:
1125:
1057:
919:
4388:
3159:
3169:
4408:
2449:
3524:
4398:
383:. Annual production rose to 33 million metric tons (36 million short tons) at the beginning of the First Five Year Plan. The National Coal Development Corporation (NCDC), a Government of India Undertaking, was established in 1956 with the collieries owned by the railways. The NCDC aimed to increase coal production efficiently by systematic and scientific development of the coal industry. The
1106:
2248:: "Using the vast money, muscle and caste power, trade union leaders have built up a Mafia-like empire which totally controls the life and economy of Dhanbad ... workers who constitute about 40 percent of Dhanbad districts population are mainly tribals, adivasis, Harijans and backward castes, while the trade union musclemen are mostly Rajputs of Bhojpur and Rohtas districts."
2330:. Snippet: "Default on quality, quantity and timely supply of coal have taken their toll on the Indian industry and come in their way in acquiring international competitiveness ... coal ministry officials have themselves observed boulders and dust being loaded in wagons supposed to be carrying steam coal ... checking officials even found the dead body of a person."
1044:
States thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh. This is because of the difference in the quality of the coal, as measured by the Gross
Calorific Value (GCV). On average, Indian coal has a GCV of about 4500 Kcal/kg, whereas the quality in most other countries is much better; for example, in Australia, the GCV is 6500 Kcal/kg approximately.
397:
516:
coal reserves in the world. As of 1 April 2021, India had 352.13 billion metric tons (388.16 billion short tons) of the resource. The total reserves of coal rose 2.36% over the previous year, with the discovery of an estimated 8.11 billion metric tons (8.94 billion short
450:
Limited (BCCL), a new
Central Government Undertaking. Another enactment, namely the Coal Mines (Taking Over of Management) Act, 1973, extended the right of the Government of India to take over the management of the coking and non-coking coal mines in seven States including the coking coal mines taken
1408:
It was the existence of coal that first attracted the railway authority to extend the railways and with them came the
Gujrati people as an expert railway contractor with an experience of railway construction work at Thana. They then met Raja of Jharia and purchased some having underneath wast wealth
1091:
is serious in India. One study found that 90% of households surveyed in a village near a coal mine reported health problems in the last year, compared to 52% of households from villages at least 40 km (25 mi) away from a mine. Additionally, the villages closest to the mine had the greatest
190:
increased coal production to an annual average of 1 million metric tons (1.1 million short tons) in 1853. By 1900, India produced 6.12 million metric tons (6.75 million short tons) of coal per year; by 1920, it produced 18 million metric tons (20 million short tons). During the First World War, coal
1199:
and leasing-out of government land have allegedly become routine. A parallel economy has developed with a significant fraction of the local population employed by the mafia in manually transporting the stolen coal for long distances over unpaved roads to illegal mafia warehouses and points of sale.
1005:
Consumption of lignite stood at 37.22 million metric tons (0.04103 billion short tons) in 2020–21. Electricity generation alone accounts for 84.46% of the total lignite consumption. Other significant consumers include the paper industry (5.55%), the cement industry (2.18%) and the textile
978:
India is one of the largest consumers of coal in the world. The country consumed 906.08 million metric tons (0.99878 billion short tons) of coal in 2020–21, of which 79.03% was produced domestically. Coal consumption grew at a compound annual growth rate of 3.96% over the previous decade.
1203:
The coal mafia has had a negative effect on Indian industry, with coal supplies and quality varying erratically. Higher-quality coal is sometimes selectively diverted, and missing coal is replaced with stones and boulders in railway cargo wagons. A human corpse has been discovered in a sealed coal
930:
of coal in the world, after China. The production of coal was 1,000 million metric tons (1,100 million short tons) in 2024 and 716.08 million metric tons (789.34 million short tons) in 2020–21, a decline of 2.02% over the previous year primarily due to disruptions caused by the
469:
The North East Indian states enjoys special privileges under constitution of India. The Sixth
Schedule of constitution and article 371 of constitution allows state governments to formulate its own policy to recognize customary tribal laws. For example, Nagaland has its own coal policy which allows
387:
Ltd. (SCCL) which was already in operation since 1945 and which became a
Government company under the control of Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1956. The coal industry in India was thus controlled by state-owned companies in the 1950s. Today, SCCL is a joint undertaking of Government of Telangana
146:
were repealed in
January 2018. In the final step toward denationalization, in February 2018, the government permitted private firms to enter the commercial coal mining industry. Under the new policy, mines were auctioned to the firm offering the highest per tonne price. The move broke the monopoly
1043:
and high ash content. The carbon content is low in India's coal, and toxic trace element concentrations are negligible. The natural fuel value of Indian coal is poor. On average, the Indian power plants using India's coal supply consume about 0.7 kg of coal to generate a kWh, whereas United
437:
was done in two phases, the first with the coking coal mines in 1971–72 and then with the non-coking coal mines in 1973. In
October 1971, the Coking Coal Mines (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1971 provided for taking over in public interest of the management of coking coal mines and coke oven plants
482:
in March 2015 containing provisions enabling the government to allocate coal mines through auctions. The law also permitted private players to mine coal for use in their own cement, steel, power or aluminium plants. On 20 February 2018, the
Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) permitted
2112:
483:
private firms to enter the commercial coal mining industry in India. Under the new policy, mines will be auctioned to the firm offering the highest per tonne price. The move broke the monopoly over commercial mining that state-owned Coal India has enjoyed since nationalisation in 1973.
432:
Unscientific mining practices adopted by some of them and poor working conditions of labor in some of the private coal mines became matters of concern for the
Government. On account of these reasons, the Central Government took a decision to nationalize the private coal mines. The
1031:
estimated that 17% of coal-fired plants were already more expensive than new renewables and that 85% would be by 2025. It has been suggested that no new coal plants are needed, but that existing plants could be retrofitted to operate more flexibly together with wind and solar.
953:
is an integral part of the coal production process in which raw coal from mines is washed to remove the ash content to make it fit for feeding into boilers such as those in steel plants. Coal washeries are generally not a part of coal mines in India, with some exceptions.
470:
its natives to mine coal from their respective lands. Similarly, coal mining in
Meghalaya was rampant till imposition of ban on coal mining by National Green Tribunal. The Nagaland Coal and Meghalaya Coal has large buyers in North India, Central India and Eastern India.
191:
production received a boost due to increased demand, but declined again in the early 1930s. Production reached a level of 29 million metric tons (32 million short tons) by 1942 and 30 million metric tons (33 million short tons) by 1946.
4343:
324:. Messrs. Khora Ramji in 1894 was working on railway lines contract of Jharia branch line and with his brother Jetha Lira was also building Jharia Railway Station, when he discovered coal in Jharia belt. The location of his three collieries named
3647:
1191:, beginning with the mining town of Dhanbad. It is alleged that the coal industry's trade union leadership forms the upper echelon of this arrangement and employs caste allegiances to maintain its power. Pilferage and sale of coal on the
2269:: "According to many workers, it is not possible for genuine trade unionism to flourish in Dhanbad because of illicit trading and profiteering in the garb of trade unionism and the protective umbrella such an institution holds out."
540:
The estimated total reserves of lignite coal as of 1 April 2021 were 46.02 billion metric tons (50.73 billion short tons), remaining unchanged from the previous year. The largest lignite reserves are present in
1096:
are also a problem. Air pollution from coal-fired power plants is linked with asthma, cancer, heart and lung ailments, neurological problems, acid rain, global warming, and other severe environmental and public health impacts.
1995:
961:
and 41 non-coking) in India as on 31 March 2021 with a total installed capacity of 138.58 million tonnes per year, of which 108.60 million tonnes are non-coking and 29.98 million tonnes are coking coal washeries.
404:
Right from its genesis, the commercial coal mining in modern times in India has been dictated by the needs of the domestic consumption. India has abundant domestic reserves of coal. Most of these are in the states of
1969:
451:
over in 1971. This was followed by the nationalization of all these mines on 1 May 1973 with the enactment of the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973 which determined the eligibility of coal mining in India.
3124:
55:, mining 777.31 million metric tons (856.84 million short tons) in FY 2022. Around 30% of coal is imported. Due to demand, supply mismatch and poor quality with high ash content, India imports
202:, the many Indians pioneered Indian involvement in coal mining from 1894. They broke the previous monopolies held by British and other Europeans, establishing many collieries at locations such as
127:
462:. Raniganj Coalfield covers an area of 443.50 square kilometres (171.24 sq mi) and has total coal reserves of 8,552.85 million metric tons (9,427.90 million short tons).
3134:
1340:
1929:
3048:
935:. The production of lignite was 36.61 million metric tons (40.36 million short tons) in 2020–21, a decrease of 13.04% over the previous fiscal. Production of coal grew by a
548:
The energy derived from coal in India is about twice that of the energy derived from oil, whereas worldwide, energy derived from coal is about 30% less than energy derived from oil.
438:
pending nationalization. This was followed by the Coking Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1972 under which the coking coal mines and the coke oven plants other than those with the
3093:
1842:
4109:
3469:
1973:
1804:
1764:
2883:
3129:
466:
puts the reserves at 29.72 billion metric tons (32.76 billion short tons) which makes it the second largest coalfield in the country (in terms of reserves).
3088:
986:
is the largest consumer of raw coal in India and accounted for 64.07% of the total coal consumed in the country in 2020–21. Other significant consumers include the
1306:
3098:
1669:
3043:
3008:
2963:
138:
four decades later. In March 2015, the government permitted private companies to mine coal for use in their own cement, steel, power or aluminium plants. The
3053:
3028:
2943:
2923:
2873:
2833:
2715:
1088:
91:
4453:
3139:
3018:
3013:
2705:
2673:
1769:
454:
All non-coking coal mines were nationalized in 1973 and placed under Coal Mines Authority of India. In 1975, Eastern Coalfields Limited, a subsidiary of
3083:
2988:
2968:
2958:
2858:
4328:
3798:
2973:
2953:
2838:
2828:
3103:
2938:
2918:
2908:
2868:
2853:
2848:
2279:
939:(CAGR) of 3.19%, and production of lignite declined by a CAGR of 1.60% over the last 10 years. Coal mining is one of India's most dangerous jobs.
3144:
3063:
3023:
2998:
2978:
2878:
1955:
2198:
4285:
3720:
2983:
2948:
2903:
2898:
4503:
429:. Adequate capital investment to meet the burgeoning energy needs of the country was not forthcoming from the private coal mine owners.
425:. On account of the growing needs of the steel industry, a thrust had to be given on systematic exploitation of coking coal reserves in
4264:
3823:
3512:
3464:
2062:
1727:
1577:
3876:
3693:
3577:
495:
4333:
4300:
3490:
4321:
3073:
1591:
1817:
3597:
3479:
2259:
Industrial Restructuring and Union Power: Micro-economic Dimensions of Economic Restructuring and Industrial Relations in India
130:
nationalized coal mining in phases – coking coal mines in 1971–72 and non-coking coal mines in 1973. With the enactment of the
4444:
332:
Other Indian communities followed the example of him in the Dhanbad-Jharia-Bokaro fields after the 1930s. These included the
99:
2124:
1430:
942:
India targets to increase its coal production to 1,200 million metric tons (1,300 million short tons) by 2023–24.
4338:
4269:
3205:
2800:
1545:
927:
17:
1643:
1617:
1020:
Coal generated over 73% of electricity produced in 2020–21, while lignite accounted for 3.6% of electricity generation.
3622:
3617:
2700:
1314:
1015:
103:
4401:
3592:
2342:
2327:
2266:
2245:
1695:
1462:
1389:
Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir and History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia
1861:
4188:
4183:
4176:
3808:
3778:
3474:
1006:
industry (2.01%). Lignite consumption declined at a compound annual growth rate of 1.30% over the previous decade.
991:
987:
1281:
4368:
4198:
4134:
4114:
2528:
1231:
1116:. The fire has burned for nearly a century and displaced or endangered the health of 100s of thousands of people.
1886:
1358:
4062:
3505:
2381:
2155:
1187:
after the division of Bihar state) were among the first areas in India to see the emergence of a sophisticated
304:
was the first Indian to break the British monopoly in the Jharia Coalfields. Natwarlal Devram Jethwa says that
4648:
4316:
4092:
3886:
3803:
3642:
2305:
1172:
186:. The growth of Indian coal mining remained slow for nearly a century due to low demand. The introduction of
970:
4358:
4052:
3944:
3844:
3763:
3433:
1341:"Report: New solar is cheaper to build than to run existing coal plants in China, India and most of Europe"
860:
545:. Only about 16% of India's lignite reserves are proven, 56% are indicated/probable, and 28% are inferred.
384:
98:
would have short-term health and environmental benefits greatly exceeding the costs. Electricity from new
4215:
4082:
3939:
3570:
3565:
3418:
2088:
1401:
1226:
1021:
983:
936:
79:
1535:
India. Dept. of Statistics (Superintendent Government Printing, 1921 – Technology and Engineering).
4613:
4159:
4057:
3536:
2720:
1093:
999:
4618:
4437:
4391:
4220:
4067:
4040:
3969:
3904:
3818:
3790:
3587:
3498:
3342:
3307:
3267:
2518:
870:
380:
3520:
1452:
1136:
1068:
507:
4149:
4014:
3989:
3758:
3438:
3423:
3393:
3198:
2815:
2793:
2771:
Note: Peat is considered a precursor to coal. Graphite is only technically considered a coal type.
2590:
2503:
2498:
1485:
1241:
1160:
4558:
4252:
4240:
4210:
3881:
3828:
3602:
3367:
2993:
2750:
1996:"Air pollution claimed over 5 lakh lives in India, of which 97K died due to coal burning: Report"
297:
83:
4411:
2156:"Coal fires burning around the world: Opportunity for innovative and interdisciplinary research"
328:, Khas Jherria, Gareria is mentioned also in 1917 Gazetteers of Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Odisha.
4643:
4247:
4203:
4087:
4019:
4009:
3974:
3612:
3607:
3312:
3297:
2725:
2533:
1175:
from new large-scale solar power has been below existing coal-fired power stations since 2021.
808:
The following table shows the estimated lignite reserves in India by state as of 1 April 2021.
171:
4290:
3999:
3849:
3773:
3725:
3715:
3372:
3257:
2580:
2478:
2039:
2022:
1236:
1214:
1164:
568:
The following table shows the estimated coal reserves in India by state as of 1 April 2021.
4653:
4583:
4430:
4348:
4097:
4035:
4004:
3994:
3954:
3949:
3688:
3627:
3459:
3302:
3252:
3232:
2585:
2560:
2257:
Ajeet N. Mathur, Asian Regional Team for Employment Promotion, World Employment Programme,
227:
114:
1511:
by T. V. Rama Rao, G. D. Binani. Published by Orient Longmans in 1954 (Coal Mines Section)
63:, the largest coal producing city, has been called the coal capital of India. State-owned
8:
4588:
4553:
4543:
4463:
4363:
4353:
4154:
4129:
4102:
3428:
3413:
3332:
3282:
3272:
3247:
3242:
3191:
3113:
2933:
2928:
2823:
2786:
2663:
2523:
2423:
1911:
135:
134:, all coal mines in India were nationalized in May 1973. This policy was reversed by the
1156:
4473:
4230:
4193:
4072:
3979:
3934:
3929:
3768:
3753:
3732:
3662:
3637:
3582:
3443:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3357:
3347:
3322:
3317:
3214:
2843:
2735:
2678:
2648:
2638:
2595:
2374:
2132:
463:
459:
447:
376:
179:
175:
56:
1595:
4528:
4468:
4235:
4124:
4119:
3984:
3964:
3959:
3871:
3866:
3683:
3632:
3352:
3327:
3287:
3262:
3237:
3168:
2893:
2740:
2668:
2615:
2468:
2323:
2299:
2262:
2241:
2180:
2044:
1791:
1721:
1571:
1458:
932:
775:
443:
353:
263:
187:
87:
4598:
4593:
4578:
4568:
4508:
4498:
4373:
4225:
4045:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3859:
3748:
3703:
3528:
3362:
3337:
3277:
3033:
2730:
2483:
2170:
2034:
1221:
1109:
1036:
426:
1260:
159:
4623:
4608:
4548:
4518:
4513:
4166:
4144:
4077:
3854:
3292:
3058:
2428:
1040:
995:
518:
434:
345:
1552:
4603:
4573:
4563:
4538:
4483:
4478:
4257:
4139:
3924:
3038:
3003:
2610:
2538:
2513:
1915:
1647:
1113:
1028:
697:
645:
513:
422:
349:
333:
95:
1621:
556:
4637:
4533:
4493:
4488:
3698:
3657:
3162:
2913:
2863:
2367:
2184:
1196:
1195:, inflated or fictitious supply expenses, falsified worker contracts and the
710:
337:
199:
183:
52:
364:
170:
Commercial exploitation of coal in India began in 1774 with John Sumner and
3708:
3678:
2755:
2048:
1192:
1168:
950:
619:
534:
414:
259:
247:
32:
2175:
1702:
1431:"Gazetteers of Bengal, Assam, Bihar and Orissa 1917 Khora Ramji Colliries"
3813:
3172:
2688:
2683:
2625:
2575:
2550:
890:
671:
632:
271:
203:
72:
1124:
1056:
918:
458:
Limited, was formed. It took over all the earlier private collieries in
3652:
3544:
3403:
2433:
1912:
How to Retire Early: Making accelerated coal phaseout feasible and just
1025:
1024:
consumed over 70% of the coal produced in the country in 2013. In 2020
830:
542:
455:
439:
148:
64:
3183:
2063:"Fed up with fly ash, India villagers fight back against power plants"
2760:
2745:
2693:
2643:
2633:
1521:
Indigenous Enterprise in the Indian Coal Mining Industry c. 1835–1939
1362:
1184:
840:
723:
658:
593:
526:
418:
406:
368:
325:
287:
275:
267:
163:
4422:
1420:
Encyclopedia of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa by British Authority (1920)
537:
accounted for almost 70% of the total known coal reserves in India.
3549:
2710:
2658:
2565:
2543:
2508:
2488:
2463:
2438:
749:
522:
341:
283:
243:
223:
207:
68:
2448:
1862:"China's boycott of Australia has redirected global flows of coal"
2570:
2418:
2354:
2199:"UN secretary general urges India to swiftly turn away from coal"
1533:
Report on the production and consumption of coal in India of 1921
850:
561:
313:
309:
279:
239:
211:
119:
60:
2778:
2555:
2473:
958:
880:
762:
606:
530:
410:
321:
317:
235:
219:
195:
2286:. 26 February 2005. Archived from the original on 18 June 2008
1391: – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta (1998).
3523:
3218:
2408:
2223:
Indu Bharti, "Usurpation of the State: Coal Mafia in Bihar",
1307:"Coal exit benefits outweigh its costs — PIK Research Portal"
1188:
821:
803:
736:
684:
581:
301:
291:
255:
251:
231:
215:
44:
1105:
4295:
2653:
2605:
2493:
2413:
2390:
1879:
388:
and Government of India sharing its equity in 51:49 ratio.
48:
1843:"India targets 1.2 billion ton coal production by 2023-24"
1509:
India at a Glance: A comprehensive reference book on India
1218:– a 2017 book by Subhomoy Bhattacharjeeon on coal in India
1112:
with smoke and burning embers coming from the underground
551:
308:
The East Indian Railway in 1894–95 extended its line from
2600:
974:
Demand, production and import of coal (in million tonnes)
2125:"India Together: In the line of fire - 13 November 2006"
1406:. Controller of Publications – Bihar. 1981. p. 22.
525:
are primarily found in eastern and south-central India.
446:, were nationalized on 1 May 1972 and brought under the
2359:
2021:
Hendryx, Michael; Zullig, Keith J.; Luo, Juhua (2020).
1670:"Govt allows pvt firms to mine coal for commercial use"
396:
1361:. Ministry of Coal, Indian government. Archived from
2716:
Health and environmental impact of the coal industry
1759:
1757:
1089:
health and environmental impact of the coal industry
92:
health and environmental impact of the coal industry
2706:
Environmental justice and coal mining in Appalachia
1770:
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1487:
Jharia Coalfields: Khora Ramji, Narayan Chowra, etc
521:, 42% are indicated/probable, and 8% are inferred.
1970:"Statistical Review of world energy 2014 workbook"
1818:"Five killed in eastern Indian coal mine collapse"
1035:A large part of Indian coal reserve is similar to
473:
4635:
2020:
1784:
1734:
1282:"India's U-Turn on 'Clean' Energy Is a Bad Move"
391:
517:tons). About half of India's coal reserves are
82:and most electricity is generated by coal, but
47:is the second largest producer and consumer of
75:between its nationalisation in 1973 and 2018.
4438:
3506:
3199:
2794:
2375:
2343:Adjusting to transition Brookings Institution
2272:
2238:Crime in Our Society: A Political Perspective
2227:, Vol. 24, No. 42, pg. 2353. 21 October 1989.
488:Coking Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1972
379:, the Government of India introduced several
140:Coking Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1972
2322:, Anmol Publications Private Limited, 1994,
1092:incidence of self-reported health problems.
2355:Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air
2261:, International Labour Organization, 1991,
1016:List of power stations in India § Coal
151:had enjoyed since nationalisation in 1973.
4445:
4431:
3513:
3499:
3465:Central Mine Planning and Design Institute
3206:
3192:
2801:
2787:
2382:
2368:
2312:
2251:
2217:
804:Distribution of lignite reserves by states
2174:
2038:
1183:The state-owned coal mines of Bihar (now
1009:
496:Repealing and Amending (Second) Act, 2017
480:Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015
194:In the regions of British India known as
59:to meet the shortage of domestic supply.
2153:
2040:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094104
1956:"Economics of Coal and Gas Based Energy"
1676:. Press Trust of India. 20 February 2018
1334:
1332:
1104:
1100:
969:
917:
555:
395:
363:
158:
147:over commercial mining that state-owned
113:
31:
3213:
2230:
1805:Statistical Review of World Energy 2015
552:Distribution of coal reserves by states
444:Indian Iron & Steel Company Limited
14:
4636:
4407:
3598:Securities and Exchange Board of India
1930:"Endgame for new coal power projects?"
1726:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1576:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1450:
1403:Census of India, 1981: Bihar. Series 4
1338:
492:Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973
144:Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973
132:Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, 1973
128:Indira Gandhi administration of India
4452:
4426:
3494:
3187:
2782:
2674:mining disasters in the United States
2363:
1329:
1159:said that India should stop building
440:Tata Iron & Steel Company Limited
4397:
1815:
1119:
1051:
359:
1892:. International Energy Agency. 2013
1859:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1163:before the end of the year and end
922:Coal production in India, 1950–2012
154:
24:
2701:Environmental issues in Appalachia
2336:
1816:Dash, Jatindra (2 February 2022).
1794:. Ministry of Coal. 31 March 2018.
1523:, C.P. Simmons. Published in 1976.
1454:Khora Ramji Mines capsized in 1938
508:List of mines in India § Coal
104:the country's existing coal plants
102:is cheaper than that generated by
86:have been criticised for breaking
25:
4665:
3578:Ministry of Commerce and Industry
2348:
2113:Hindustan Times, 15 December 2007
1339:Runyon, Jennifer (23 June 2021).
1047:
957:There were 60 coal washeries (19
4504:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4406:
4396:
4387:
4386:
3522:
3167:
3158:
3157:
2808:
2447:
2240:, Vikas Publishing House, 1983,
1414:
1377:
1359:"Coal Mining in India: The Past"
1261:"Koyala Darpan / Coal Dashboard"
1123:
1055:
2191:
2147:
2131:. 15 April 2013. Archived from
2117:
2106:
2081:
2055:
2023:"Impacts of Coal Use on Health"
2014:
1988:
1962:
1948:
1922:
1904:
1853:
1835:
1809:
1798:
1688:
1662:
1636:
1610:
1592:"Coal India Limited – About Us"
1584:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1478:
1444:
1232:1965 Dhanbad coal mine disaster
474:Denationalisation of coal mines
43:has been mined since 1774, and
3125:British Indian Ocean Territory
2027:Annual Review of Public Health
1423:
1394:
1351:
1299:
1274:
1253:
965:
13:
1:
4110:Electronics and semiconductor
3480:Automotive companies of India
2225:Economic and Political Weekly
1958:. Third Wave Solutions. 2012.
1887:"Key World Energy Statistics"
1247:
1178:
1173:levelized cost of electricity
1155:In 2020 UN secretary general
998:(0.75%), and fertilizers and
913:
392:Nationalisation of coal mines
3434:Singareni Collieries Company
1934:www.thehindubusinessline.com
1860:Hui, Mary (26 August 2021).
1644:"CoalDunia – Meghalaya Coal"
385:Singareni Collieries Company
136:Narendra Modi administration
7:
3419:Neyveli Lignite Corporation
2154:Stracher, Glenn B. (2007).
1618:"CoalDunia – Nagaland Coal"
1227:Indian Coal Allocation Scam
1207:
937:compound annual growth rate
904:
894:
884:
874:
864:
854:
844:
834:
792:
779:
766:
753:
740:
727:
714:
701:
688:
675:
662:
649:
636:
623:
610:
597:
501:
78:Most of the coal is burned
10:
4670:
3593:Central Statistical Office
2721:Health effects of coal ash
2529:power in the United States
1094:Health effects of coal ash
1022:India's electricity sector
1013:
988:steel and washery industry
945:
505:
182:along the Western bank of
109:
4460:
4382:
4309:
4278:
4028:
3897:
3837:
3789:
3741:
3671:
3623:Foreign exchange reserves
3618:Foreign direct investment
3588:Economic Advisory Council
3558:
3535:
3452:
3381:
3225:
3153:
3112:
3072:
2814:
2769:
2624:
2456:
2445:
2397:
2304:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1161:coal-fired power stations
166:Coal Picking Belt in 1928
27:Aspect of Indian industry
3759:Multi Commodity Exchange
3439:South Eastern Coalfields
3424:North Eastern Coalfields
3394:Carr, Tagore and Company
2874:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2591:Greenhouse gas emissions
2389:
1765:"Energy Statistics 2022"
1242:Carr, Tagore and Company
1171:excluding subsidies the
381:5-year development plans
36:Coal production of India
3603:Enforcement Directorate
3475:Steel industry of India
3470:Power stations of India
3135:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2751:Problems in coal mining
1674:Business Standard India
928:second largest producer
478:Parliament enacted the
298:Seth Khora Ramji Chawda
84:coal-fired power plants
80:to generate electricity
4199:Science and technology
4135:Information technology
3824:Government initiatives
2726:History of coal mining
2093:www.theworldcounts.com
1451:Simeon, Dilip (n.d.).
1345:Renewable Energy World
1117:
1010:Electricity generation
975:
923:
565:
413:, West Bengal, Bihar,
401:
372:
330:
172:Suetonius Grant Heatly
167:
123:
37:
3716:Reserve Bank of India
2581:Fossil fuel phase-out
2479:Black coal equivalent
2280:"Coal theft and vote"
2176:10.1130/GSAT01711GW.1
1237:Mining scams in India
1165:fossil fuel subsidies
1108:
1101:Environmental effects
1014:Further information:
973:
921:
559:
494:were repealed by the
399:
367:
306:
162:
117:
35:
4649:Coal mining in India
3804:Economic development
3648:Voluntary guidelines
3643:Industrial licensing
3460:Coal mining in India
3049:United Arab Emirates
2586:Great Smog of London
2519:pollution mitigation
992:sponge iron industry
100:solar farms in India
18:Coal mining in India
3566:Ministry of Finance
3429:Northern Coalfields
3414:Mahanadi Coalfields
3076:limited recognition
2504:fired power station
2499:combustion products
2424:Sub-bituminous coal
2401:(lowest to highest)
2398:Coal types by grade
2236:S. Venugopala Rao,
498:on 8 January 2018.
4216:Telecommunications
3742:Financial services
3663:Atmanirbhar Bharat
3583:Finance Commission
3444:Western Coalfields
3409:Eastern Coalfields
3399:Central Coalfields
3389:Bharat Coking Coal
2639:Black lung disease
2616:Toxic heavy metals
2596:Metallurgical coal
2284:Frontline Magazine
2089:"The World Counts"
2069:. 13 February 2019
2002:. 14 November 2019
2000:The Economic Times
1847:The Economic Times
1650:on 8 November 2014
1624:on 21 October 2014
1598:on 9 November 2017
1311:www.pik-potsdam.de
1215:India's Coal Story
1135:. You can help by
1118:
1067:. You can help by
984:electricity sector
976:
924:
588:Type of Coalfield
566:
464:Eastern Coalfields
460:Raniganj Coalfield
448:Bharat Coking Coal
402:
373:
180:Raniganj Coalfield
176:East India Company
168:
124:
88:environmental laws
38:
4631:
4630:
4454:Coal in the World
4420:
4419:
3945:Jammu and Kashmir
3571:Finance ministers
3488:
3487:
3181:
3180:
3118:other territories
2776:
2775:
2534:preparation plant
2469:Asian brown cloud
2402:
1936:. 27 January 2022
1409:in shape of coal.
1365:on 31 August 2013
1153:
1152:
1085:
1084:
933:COVID-19 pandemic
911:
910:
871:Jammu and Kashmir
825:
801:
800:
776:Arunachal Pradesh
585:
371:StruttPit in 1928
360:Post-independence
188:steam locomotives
16:(Redirected from
4661:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4424:
4423:
4410:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4390:
4389:
4374:Mumbai Consensus
3940:Himachal Pradesh
3829:Numbering system
3819:Green revolution
3694:Historical Forex
3529:Economy of India
3527:
3526:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3130:Christmas Island
2816:Sovereign states
2803:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2731:Hydrogen sulfide
2451:
2400:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2270:
2255:
2249:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2205:. 28 August 2020
2195:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2160:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2135:on 15 April 2013
2121:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2042:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1972:. Archived from
1966:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1701:. Archived from
1700:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1646:. Archived from
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1620:. Archived from
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1594:. Archived from
1588:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:on 26 March 2012
1557:
1551:. Archived from
1550:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1317:on 24 March 2020
1313:. Archived from
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1222:Ministry of Coal
1157:António Guterres
1148:
1145:
1127:
1120:
1110:Jharia Coalfield
1080:
1077:
1059:
1052:
819:
811:
810:
579:
571:
570:
427:Jharia coalfield
155:Pre-independence
96:phasing out coal
94:is serious, and
21:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4456:
4451:
4421:
4416:
4378:
4305:
4274:
4184:Pharmaceuticals
4024:
3893:
3833:
3799:COVID-19 impact
3785:
3737:
3667:
3554:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3489:
3484:
3448:
3377:
3343:South Karanpura
3308:North Karanpura
3268:Godavari Valley
3221:
3212:
3182:
3177:
3149:
3117:
3108:
3089:Northern Cyprus
3075:
3068:
2810:
2807:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2620:
2457:Coal combustion
2452:
2443:
2429:Bituminous coal
2399:
2393:
2388:
2351:
2339:
2337:Further reading
2334:
2317:
2313:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2256:
2252:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1976:on 22 June 2014
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1799:
1792:"Coal Reserves"
1790:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1762:
1735:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1708:on 5 March 2018
1705:
1698:
1696:"Archived copy"
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1546:"Archived copy"
1544:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1337:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1210:
1181:
1167:. According to
1149:
1143:
1140:
1133:needs expansion
1114:coal field fire
1103:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1065:needs expansion
1050:
1041:calorific value
1039:. It is of low
1018:
1012:
996:cement industry
968:
948:
916:
818:
806:
578:
554:
510:
504:
476:
435:nationalization
400:A piece of Coal
394:
362:
157:
112:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4667:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4614:United Kingdom
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4450:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4404:
4394:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4349:Income Tax Act
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4196:
4191:
4189:Pulp and paper
4186:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4177:Iron and Steel
4174:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3970:Madhya Pradesh
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Andhra Pradesh
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Liberalisation
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3453:Related topics
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3382:Coal companies
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:Mining regions
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:homogenization
2661:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2611:Sulfur dioxide
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:power in China
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2349:External links
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2318:D. K. Mittal,
2311:
2271:
2250:
2229:
2216:
2190:
2146:
2116:
2105:
2080:
2054:
2013:
1987:
1961:
1947:
1921:
1916:Carbon Tracker
1903:
1878:
1852:
1834:
1808:
1797:
1783:
1733:
1687:
1661:
1635:
1609:
1583:
1537:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1477:
1463:
1443:
1422:
1413:
1393:
1376:
1350:
1328:
1298:
1273:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1206:
1180:
1177:
1151:
1150:
1130:
1128:
1102:
1099:
1083:
1082:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1048:Health effects
1046:
1029:Carbon Tracker
1011:
1008:
967:
964:
947:
944:
915:
912:
909:
908:
903:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
867:
866:
863:
857:
856:
853:
847:
846:
843:
837:
836:
833:
827:
826:
815:
805:
802:
799:
798:
796:
791:
785:
784:
781:
778:
772:
771:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
752:
746:
745:
742:
739:
733:
732:
729:
726:
720:
719:
716:
713:
707:
706:
703:
700:
698:Andhra Pradesh
694:
693:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
661:
655:
654:
651:
648:
646:Madhya Pradesh
642:
641:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
622:
616:
615:
612:
609:
603:
602:
599:
596:
590:
589:
586:
575:
553:
550:
514:fourth largest
512:India has the
503:
500:
475:
472:
423:Madhya Pradesh
393:
390:
361:
358:
156:
153:
111:
108:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4666:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Coal in India
4642:
4641:
4639:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4619:United States
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4413:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4364:Insurance Act
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Companies Act
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4204:Biotechnology
4202:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:Entertainment
4113:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Uttar Pradesh
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:Digital rupee
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Make in India
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:Foreign trade
3611:
3609:
3608:External debt
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Wardha Valley
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:South Ossetia
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:mining region
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2328:81-7041-863-1
2325:
2321:
2320:Coal Industry
2315:
2307:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2267:92-2-107494-3
2264:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2246:0-7069-1209-8
2243:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2067:Deutsch Welle
2064:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1888:
1882:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1723:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1573:
1554:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1466:
1464:9788173040368
1460:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1432:
1426:
1417:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:expropriation
1194:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1147:
1138:
1134:
1131:This section
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1070:
1066:
1063:This section
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:Gondwana coal
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
994:(1.06%), the
993:
990:(6.65%), the
989:
985:
980:
972:
963:
960:
955:
952:
943:
940:
938:
934:
929:
926:India is the
920:
907:
902:
899:
898:
892:
889:
888:
882:
879:
878:
872:
869:
868:
862:
859:
858:
852:
849:
848:
842:
839:
838:
832:
829:
828:
823:
822:metric tonnes
817:Coal Reserves
816:
813:
812:
809:
797:
795:
790:
787:
786:
782:
777:
774:
773:
769:
764:
761:
760:
756:
751:
748:
747:
743:
738:
735:
734:
730:
725:
722:
721:
717:
712:
711:Uttar Pradesh
709:
708:
704:
699:
696:
695:
691:
686:
683:
682:
678:
673:
670:
669:
665:
660:
657:
656:
652:
647:
644:
643:
639:
634:
631:
630:
626:
621:
618:
617:
613:
608:
605:
604:
600:
595:
592:
591:
587:
583:
582:metric tonnes
577:Coal Reserves
576:
573:
572:
569:
564:mine complex.
563:
558:
549:
546:
544:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:Coal deposits
520:
515:
509:
499:
497:
493:
489:
484:
481:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
452:
449:
445:
441:
436:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
398:
389:
386:
382:
378:
370:
366:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
305:
303:
299:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
189:
185:
184:Damodar River
181:
177:
173:
165:
161:
152:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
121:
116:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:Coal in India
34:
30:
19:
4584:South Africa
4523:
4171:
4063:Construction
3845:Billionaires
3679:Indian rupee
3313:Pench Kanhan
3298:Mand Raigarh
3114:Dependencies
3044:Turkmenistan
3009:Saudi Arabia
2888:
2809:Coal in Asia
2756:Refined coal
2669:liquefaction
2561:Energy value
2319:
2314:
2288:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2258:
2253:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2203:the Guardian
2202:
2193:
2166:
2162:
2149:
2139:28 September
2137:. Retrieved
2133:the original
2128:
2119:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:the original
1964:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1918:. June 2020.
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1881:
1871:21 September
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1821:
1811:
1800:
1786:
1774:. Retrieved
1768:
1710:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:the original
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1586:
1560:. Retrieved
1553:the original
1540:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1494:30 September
1492:. Retrieved
1486:
1480:
1470:30 September
1468:. Retrieved
1453:
1446:
1436:30 September
1434:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:the original
1353:
1344:
1319:. Retrieved
1315:the original
1310:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1255:
1213:
1202:
1193:black market
1182:
1169:BloombergNEF
1154:
1141:
1137:adding to it
1132:
1086:
1073:
1069:adding to it
1064:
1034:
1019:
1004:
981:
977:
956:
951:Coal washing
949:
941:
925:
905:
900:
820:(in billion
807:
793:
788:
620:Chhattisgarh
580:(in billion
567:
547:
539:
535:Chhattisgarh
511:
491:
487:
485:
479:
477:
468:
453:
431:
415:Chhattisgarh
403:
377:independence
374:
331:
307:
296:
198:, Bihar and
193:
169:
143:
139:
131:
125:
77:
40:
39:
29:
4654:Coal mining
4589:South Korea
4559:Philippines
4554:North Korea
4544:New Zealand
4464:Afghanistan
4359:Banking Act
4344:SARFESI Act
4265:Electricity
4093:Oil and gas
4083:Electricity
4036:Agriculture
4020:West Bengal
4010:Uttarakhand
3975:Maharashtra
3814:Licence Raj
3769:Black money
3628:Remittances
3373:West Bokaro
3258:East Bokaro
3173:Asia portal
3074:States with
2994:Philippines
2934:South Korea
2929:North Korea
2824:Afghanistan
2626:Coal mining
2576:Fossil fuel
2033:: 397–415.
1680:20 February
1266:17 February
1144:August 2020
966:Consumption
891:West Bengal
672:Maharashtra
633:West Bengal
354:Hindustanis
226:, Kusunda,
204:Khas Jharia
118:Coal mine,
73:coal mining
57:coking coal
4638:Categories
4474:Bangladesh
4412:Wikiquotes
4155:Television
4130:Healthcare
4053:Automotive
4000:Tamil Nadu
3867:Labour law
3850:Demography
3653:NITI Aayog
3559:Governance
3545:BSE SENSEX
3404:Coal India
3303:Mannargudi
3253:Daltonganj
3233:Aurangabad
3226:Coalfields
3215:Coalfields
3054:Uzbekistan
3029:Tajikistan
2944:Kyrgyzstan
2924:Kazakhstan
2844:Bangladesh
2834:Azerbaijan
2649:Coalfields
2434:Anthracite
2290:29 October
2169:(11): 36.
2129:archive.ph
1940:2 February
1914:(Report).
1827:2 February
1654:8 November
1628:8 November
1602:6 February
1248:References
1179:Coal mafia
1026:think tank
914:Production
861:Puducherry
831:Tamil Nadu
543:Tamil Nadu
506:See also:
456:Coal India
375:Following
220:Katrasgarh
149:Coal India
65:Coal India
4529:Indonesia
4469:Australia
4279:Regulator
4231:Transport
4073:Education
4041:Livestock
4005:Telangana
3995:Rajasthan
3955:Karnataka
3950:Jharkhand
3754:Insurance
3733:Inflation
3638:Subsidies
3537:Companies
3333:Singrauli
3283:Jhilimili
3273:Ib Valley
3248:Chirimiri
3243:Bisrampur
3140:Hong Kong
3094:Palestine
3019:Sri Lanka
3014:Singapore
2894:Indonesia
2761:Whitedamp
2746:Peak coal
2741:Outbursts
2644:Coal dust
2634:Blackdamp
2539:seam fire
2514:phase-out
2209:28 August
2185:1052-5173
2163:GSA Today
1369:22 August
1185:Jharkhand
1076:June 2020
1002:(0.19%).
1000:chemicals
841:Rajasthan
783:Tertiary
770:Gondwana
757:Tertiary
744:Tertiary
731:Tertiary
724:Meghalaya
718:Gondwana
705:Gondwana
692:Gondwana
679:Gondwana
666:Gondwana
659:Telangana
653:Gondwana
640:Gondwana
627:Gondwana
614:Gondwana
601:Gondwana
594:Jharkhand
527:Jharkhand
419:Telangana
407:Jharkhand
369:Singareni
346:Gujaratis
326:Jeenagora
288:Kendwadih
276:Chirkunda
228:Govindpur
164:Singareni
4599:Thailand
4594:Tanzania
4579:Slovenia
4569:Portugal
4509:Ethiopia
4499:Colombia
4392:Category
4236:Aviation
4221:Textiles
4160:Printing
4150:FM Radio
4125:Gambling
4120:Forestry
4058:Chemical
3898:By state
3872:Pensions
3779:National
3721:Governor
3672:Currency
3633:Taxation
3550:NIFTY 50
3358:Tatapani
3348:Sohagpur
3323:Raniganj
3318:Rajmahal
3163:Category
3084:Abkhazia
3034:Thailand
2989:Pakistan
2969:Mongolia
2964:Maldives
2959:Malaysia
2859:Cambodia
2711:Firedamp
2566:Flue gas
2489:Charcoal
2464:Ash pond
2439:Graphite
2300:cite web
2049:31913772
1722:cite web
1572:cite web
1321:24 March
1286:The Wire
1208:See also
750:Nagaland
502:Reserves
490:and the
350:Bengalis
342:Marwaris
334:Punjabis
268:Bugatdih
260:Chasnala
224:Kailudih
212:Balihari
208:Jamadoba
142:and the
69:monopoly
4624:Vietnam
4609:Ukraine
4549:Nigeria
4519:Germany
4514:Finland
4402:Commons
4226:Tourism
4088:Nuclear
4068:Defence
4046:Fishing
4029:Sectors
3980:Mizoram
3935:Haryana
3930:Gujarat
3860:Poverty
3791:History
3764:Bullion
3749:Banking
3704:Coinage
3689:History
3353:Talcher
3328:Ramgarh
3288:Kamptee
3263:Giridih
3238:Birbhum
3059:Vietnam
2974:Myanmar
2954:Lebanon
2884:Georgia
2839:Bahrain
2829:Armenia
2571:Fly ash
2419:Lignite
2073:18 June
2006:18 June
1980:17 June
1896:18 June
1822:Reuters
1776:7 April
1712:5 March
1291:16 June
1204:wagon.
946:Washing
851:Gujarat
835:36.490
562:Dhanbad
338:Kutchis
314:Dhanbad
310:Barakar
284:Sinidih
280:Bhowrah
244:Dhansar
240:Loyabad
178:in the
174:of the
120:Dhanbad
110:History
61:Dhanbad
4604:Turkey
4574:Russia
4564:Poland
4539:Kosovo
4484:Canada
4479:Brazil
4194:Retail
4167:Mining
4145:Cinema
4078:Energy
3990:Punjab
3985:Odisha
3965:Ladakh
3960:Kerala
3855:Income
3838:People
3774:Bombay
3363:Umaria
3338:Sonhat
3278:Jharia
3104:Taiwan
3039:Turkey
3004:Russia
2939:Kuwait
2919:Jordan
2909:Israel
2869:Cyprus
2854:Brunei
2849:Bhutan
2689:slurry
2684:refuse
2556:Coking
2474:Asthma
2326:
2265:
2244:
2183:
2098:19 May
2047:
1866:Quartz
1562:9 July
1461:
959:coking
895:0.004
881:Kerala
875:0.028
865:0.417
855:2.722
845:6.349
794:352.13
763:Sikkim
676:12.936
663:22.851
650:30.217
637:33.092
624:73.424
611:84.878
607:Odisha
598:86.217
533:, and
531:Odisha
519:proven
411:Odisha
322:Jharia
318:Katras
290:, and
264:Bokaro
236:Sijhua
200:Odisha
196:Bengal
90:. The
67:had a
51:after
4534:Japan
4524:India
4494:China
4489:Chile
4322:NCLAT
4310:Other
4286:IRDAI
4270:Water
4258:Roads
4248:Ports
4241:Civil
4211:Space
4140:Media
4098:Solar
3920:Delhi
3915:Bihar
3910:Assam
3709:Paisa
3293:Korba
3219:India
3145:Macau
3064:Yemen
3024:Syria
2999:Qatar
2979:Nepal
2914:Japan
2889:India
2879:Egypt
2864:China
2409:Xylit
2159:(PDF)
1890:(PDF)
1706:(PDF)
1699:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1490:. n.d
1189:mafia
906:46.02
901:India
885:0.01
814:State
789:India
767:0.101
754:0.446
741:0.525
737:Assam
728:0.576
715:1.062
702:2.247
689:3.464
685:Bihar
574:State
302:Kutch
292:Dumka
272:Putki
256:Mugma
252:Bermo
248:Bhuli
232:Sijua
216:Tisra
122:India
53:China
45:India
4369:FEMA
4334:IBBI
4329:BIFR
4317:NCLT
4301:IBBI
4296:SEBI
4253:Rail
4172:Coal
4103:Wind
3877:EPFO
3726:Mint
3684:Sign
2984:Oman
2949:Laos
2904:Iraq
2899:Iran
2694:town
2654:Coal
2606:Smog
2551:Coke
2494:Coal
2484:Char
2414:Peat
2391:Coal
2324:ISBN
2306:link
2292:2008
2263:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2211:2020
2181:ISSN
2141:2021
2100:2024
2075:2020
2045:PMID
2008:2020
1982:2014
1942:2022
1898:2014
1873:2021
1829:2022
1778:2022
1728:link
1714:2018
1682:2018
1656:2014
1630:2014
1604:2014
1578:link
1564:2011
1496:2013
1472:2013
1459:ISBN
1438:2013
1371:2013
1323:2020
1293:2020
1268:2022
1087:The
982:The
780:0.09
560:The
486:The
442:and
421:and
352:and
320:and
316:via
126:The
49:coal
4339:IBC
4291:RBI
3925:Goa
3887:PPF
3882:NPS
3217:of
3116:and
2659:gas
2601:NOx
2544:tar
2509:gas
2171:doi
2035:doi
1139:.
1071:.
312:to
300:of
71:on
4640::
2302:}}
2298:{{
2282:.
2201:.
2179:.
2167:17
2165:.
2161:.
2127:.
2091:.
2065:.
2043:.
2031:41
2029:.
2025:.
1998:.
1932:.
1864:.
1845:.
1820:.
1767:.
1736:^
1724:}}
1720:{{
1672:.
1574:}}
1570:{{
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1379:^
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1331:^
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348:,
344:,
340:,
336:,
294:.
286:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
258:,
254:,
250:,
246:,
242:,
238:,
234:,
230:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
106:.
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4439:t
4432:v
3514:e
3507:t
3500:v
3207:e
3200:t
3193:v
2802:e
2795:t
2788:v
2383:e
2376:t
2369:v
2308:)
2294:.
2213:.
2187:.
2173::
2143:.
2102:.
2077:.
2051:.
2037::
2010:.
1984:.
1944:.
1900:.
1875:.
1849:.
1831:.
1780:.
1730:)
1716:.
1684:.
1658:.
1632:.
1606:.
1580:)
1566:.
1498:.
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1440:.
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1325:.
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584:)
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