190:
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practices. This indicates transference of technology around the world. That a convict, John Platt, implemented this transfer is particularly significant. The Coal River
Precincts occupy a scenic part of the city and their main and secondary sites contribute significantly to the townscape and attractions of Newcastle and Newcastle East. The combination of harbour, nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings and Signal Hill forms one of the finest coastal and maritime townscapes in New South Wales.
518:
540:
197:
31:
645:
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European people in the northern region. Aboriginal people continued to frequent the locality during the convict era and their descendants continue to live in the
Newcastle area. Coal River is closely associated with the Newcastle community today because the key and secondary sites have played and continue to play an important and changing role in the lives of successive generations.
421:
in the harbour could be recognised, as well as their ships. In more recent times, Fort
Scratchley was the only fortification in NSW to receive and return enemy fire, during WWII, an event still accessible, no doubt to oral historians. The educational and public interest value of this information can be used to great advantage in cultural industries today.
491:
British military in the foundation of colonial society is little studied and the example of Coal River could make a valuable contribution to cultural studies. The period of transition from military rule to civil administration is of great interest and educational value and is rare in
Australian settlement history and society.
490:
Coal River, a convict/military settlement for prisoners guilty of colonial offences is one of few such convict settlements in
Australia, and was the earliest such settlement. Evidence of convict workplaces, coal mining, pier building, quarrying, and other activities are rare in Australia. The role of
457:
Coal River provides the potential to reconstruct the convict/military community as a dynamic whole, reflecting the dominance of Sydney and the development of trade. Interpretation of Coal River as a single entity will enable unification of elements that have been dismembered by subsequent development
445:
Descendants of the early generation of convict workers that founded
Newcastle as an industrial city take pride in the contribution of their forebears. However, research needs to be undertaken to identify the convict workforce. Coal River has significance as the place of contact between Aboriginal and
420:
when overthrown by the military, were exiled to
Newcastle. The military commandants and other holders of administrative positions merit evaluation for their contribution to the organisation of Coal River. Evidence of their influence should be revealed. Mariners sailing the coast and those who worked
346:
The
Aboriginal presence in the Coal River area predates European contact and has been continuous to the present day. The associations, over time, of particular places, sites and areas of the Precincts and of their distinctive landforms with Aboriginal culture can be revealed, as permissible, through
470:
Concerted presentation of Coal River has the potential to increase understanding of the origins of modern
Australia, the origin of settlement in the Hunter Valley and the subsequent history of Newcastle. Coal River demonstrates the capabilities of the convict workforce to undertake not only mining,
441:
The
Aboriginal presence in this area predates European contact and has been continuous to the present day. The associations, over time, of particular places, sites and areas of the Precincts and of their distinctive landforms with Aboriginal culture will be revealed, as permissible, through further
432:
Coal River inaugurated resource extraction and industry in Australia's major coal export port and industrial city. It is also the site of the first use of the board and pillar coal extraction method in Australia, thereby placing mining in Australia in 1801 at the technical forefront of world mining
390:
Coal River is important to the cultural history of Australia. Convict heritage provides the foundation theme of modern Australia. Convict lives dominated the early political and cultural landscape of New South Wales; much of Australia's early economic success was the result of convict labour, as is
358:
The Coal River Historic Precincts have State significance because they concentrate the whole story of the development of New South Wales' first and most important industrial centre. They encompass the site of Newcastle's first coal mine, the site of the first navigational aids for coastal shipping
410:
Coal River is the site of historic and continuous Aboriginal occupation, whose evidence merits further study. Coal River has significant associations with people and events in Australian history, which await dissemination. For example, John Platt merits recognition, as a pioneer of modern mining
466:
The precinct's significance to Aboriginal people requires further investigation. Its distinctive landforms are likely to have a role in local traditional knowledge. Evidence of Aboriginal activities will probably occur within the Precincts, wherever European development has not destroyed it.
350:
Coal River is one of a number of sites in Australia first settled by convict transportation. Slavery, indentured labour, convict transportation and penal settlement have contributed to the spread of diverse cultural influences throughout the world and are global heritage themes. The national
467:
Investigation of the convict coalmines may reveal the skills and technical achievements of Australia's first coal miners. Investigation of the core of Macquarie's Pier may reveal the technical achievement of quarrying and masonry work carried out by the convict workforce.
394:
Coal River was the first penal settlement for secondary offenders established within the penal colony of New South Wales. It is significant for providing major evidence of convict colonisation and of the interrelated work and punishment orientated regime of daily life.
267:
1804 – Formation of a permanent convict/military outpost to mine coal, harvest timber and prepare lime. A light beacon and gun emplacement were built on the southern headland. Nobbys Island was seen as a useful place for confinement. Aboriginal-European
474:
Coal River invites further archaeological investigations that may reveal the routines of daily life for both the convict and military population, especially convict coalmining, quarrying and pier building, additional to that contained in documentation.
401:
Coal River, 1800 to 1821, has absolute association with convict transportation and British military guardianship. From 1821 to 1855 there evolved at Coal River a particular example of its subsequent integration with civil society and institutions.
449:
Coal River is significant as a latent resource with great educational and recreational potential, to be presented to the community using excellent, up-to-date methods in a central, outstanding venue, where interpretation of the convict/military
363:
traffic, and the site of a series of fortifications designed to protect the growing settlement and its precious coal reserves. These resources are largely due to the skills and labour of transported convicts, committed for secondary punishment.
503:
1821, phasing out between 1821 and 1855. From Lieutenant Menzies' to Captain Wallis' commands, the military played a central role in designing and constructing Coal River. This is the foundation of modern Newcastle and Newcastle Harbour.
415:
played a significant part in the 1804 settlement at Coal River, as the place of secondary punishment for the Vinegar Hill rebels. Coal River's convict population awaits identification and evaluation, for example, the supporters of
386:
because its resources provided Australia's first commercial export product, coal, as well as essential fuel for the Sydney settlement, and the timber and lime resources that supported the development of Sydney's built environment.
295:
1823 – Beginning of era of transition from a penal/military establishment to a civil settlement with civil administration. Work was suspended on the Pier. The built environment of the penal era was gradually
285:
1818 – Increase in trading envisaged. Macquarie Pier commenced, also other aids to navigation. Significant expansion of building program including hospital, stores, accommodation, gaol, church and windmills.
306:
1830s – Work resumed on Pier building and was completed in 1846. Ballast and sand reclaimed the foreshore. Building wharfage and harbour formation, and pilot facilities and navigational aids were ongoing.
331:
The component sites are all situated along the striking coastal topography of Newcastle Harbour's South Head: sites of Aboriginal cultural significance and occupation and probable subsurface evidence;
338:
The aboveground components of the precinct retain a high degree of integrity and excellent ability to demonstrate their significance. The subsurface evidence remains to be thoroughly investigated.
292:. Variable convict workforce retained for public works such as 1999 New South Wales state election road making, breakwater building, coal mining, property and tools maintenance, and so on.
870:
478:
Fort Scratchley makes a considerable contribution to the military history of New South Wales. It was as significant a part of the anti Russian defences of the colony as the defences of
471:
but also quarrying, timber getting, lime burning, building and industrial trades, farming and gardening, navigation and harbour work, as well as improvising in a frontier environment.
828:
482:. In fact, Fort Scratchley survives as the most concentrated and complete example of the whole system and certainly the one with the best exemplified changing military history.
863:
2966:
406:
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
189:
856:
2941:
437:
The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
61:
2916:
2492:
777:
706:
264:
1801 – Formal identification of the great potential of the coal reserves and the river and first and brief attempt to set up a coal mining camp.
2936:
495:
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
425:
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
462:
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
2397:
1778:
979:
429:
Part of the Precincts occupy distinctive landforms whose significance in local Aboriginal cultural traditions merit further investigation.
848:
2467:
2322:
1994:
1944:
2487:
2457:
2452:
2387:
2317:
1171:
1069:
2971:
2533:
2352:
2014:
1954:
1908:
2931:
2392:
2139:
836:
630:
625:
368:
238:
120:
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1903:
1687:
1289:
1196:
832:
451:
2225:
1126:
1054:
544:
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2921:
2199:
2030:
1442:
2866:
2589:
2091:
1692:
1520:
1359:
1217:
398:
Coal River provides evidence of the role of the British military in the foundation of Australian colonial settlements.
275:
policies. Lumberyard developed. Coal mining extends away from "Colliers" Point'. A farming outpost was established at
131:
Coal River Precinct; Fort Scratchley; Nobby's Head; Convict Lumberyard site; Macquarie Pier; Breakwater; Nobby's Beach
2882:
1399:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1166:
379:
Coal River is the site of historic and continuous Aboriginal occupation, the evidence of which merits further study.
1585:
1545:
1384:
1304:
499:
Coal River and its sites demonstrate the characteristics of a convict settlement administered by military, 1801 to
375:
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
309:
1847 – Occupation of new military barracks. Lumberyard stockade was reused for other purposes from the late 1840s.
2961:
1697:
1404:
1116:
300:
234:
2250:
1959:
1666:
1550:
1515:
1284:
1249:
1151:
486:
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
360:
2422:
2372:
2275:
2255:
2035:
1437:
533:
412:
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1855 – The barracks complex was vacated by the Imperial military when the last convict workers left Newcastle
2861:
2442:
2357:
1887:
1867:
1414:
1131:
1090:
1085:
1059:
1049:
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methods in the Southern Hemisphere. The roles of Governors Hunter, King and Macquarie are significant. The
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2347:
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2240:
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2009:
1999:
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1831 – End of era of government-controlled coal mining and beginning of private enterprise mining by the
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2332:
2296:
2189:
2154:
2076:
1918:
1738:
1682:
1010:
620:
383:
218:
48:
710:
2926:
2683:
2502:
2412:
2377:
2071:
1984:
1844:
1753:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
276:
335:, Signal Hill Convict Coal Mine Workings, associated post-convict coastal defences; Macquarie Pier.
2437:
2417:
2402:
2342:
2337:
2096:
1989:
1974:
1964:
1717:
1319:
1121:
974:
953:
923:
843:
652:
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emerged as a complex rail, warehousing, industrial, commercial, residential and leisure precinct.
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2507:
2482:
2477:
2427:
2086:
2004:
1949:
1877:
1494:
1477:
1279:
1264:
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and the national and state significance of the Convict Lumberyard/Stockade have been recognised.
2785:
2610:
2407:
2367:
2301:
1979:
1923:
1799:
1758:
1487:
1482:
1161:
523:
319:
South Head later was used for fortifications and colonial and then national military purposes.
839:
published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
2845:
2719:
2673:
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2658:
2553:
2472:
2462:
2447:
2382:
2327:
2245:
2106:
1969:
1882:
1629:
1472:
1467:
1274:
1064:
989:
648:
Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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1928:
1828:
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1314:
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8:
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1783:
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1191:
1146:
230:
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2760:
1141:
984:
969:
928:
771:
728:
Macquarie pier, Nobbys head and southern breakwater : conservation management plan
938:
2169:
1823:
1773:
1394:
1095:
948:
272:
108:
104:
2775:
2765:
2678:
2584:
2579:
2204:
1768:
1707:
1540:
1535:
1364:
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1212:
994:
918:
761:
2709:
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1913:
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884:
352:
332:
222:
2699:
2265:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2164:
1763:
1575:
1429:
1409:
1379:
1309:
1254:
840:
746:
The Convict Lumberyard, the Stationmaster's Office, etc. :a Conservation Policy
737:
The Convict Lumberyard, the Stationmaster's Office, etc. :a Conservation Policy
649:
320:
289:
258:
2910:
2755:
2594:
2563:
2558:
2055:
1748:
1702:
1560:
1424:
1269:
880:
417:
282:
1816 – Marked increase in development of convict settlement from 1816 to 1822
76:
63:
2770:
2704:
2663:
2159:
2081:
1809:
1580:
1555:
1530:
933:
479:
2714:
1712:
1570:
1565:
1510:
1389:
226:
35:
2194:
1804:
1369:
695:
697:
1814:
827:
2538:
1324:
2780:
1722:
802:
539:
454:
can be presented and linked to pre and post settlement themes.
251:
793:
689:
Coal River Tourism Project; Coal River Historic Site Stage One
30:
644:
371:
on 19 December 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.
752:
261:
and his crew enter Coal River and confirm the coal resources
2805:
762:
Australian Street Co., B.Maitland, Manidis Roberts (2000).
1239:
755:
The Newcastle Lumberyard, Historical Archaeological Report
2800:
221:, Australia. It was built from 1804 to 1960. It includes
811:
217:
is a heritage-listed historic precinct at Nobbys Road,
764:
Heritage Places Strategic Plan and Plans of Management
704:
796:
Fort Scratchley Newcastle NSW Studies vols 1 & 2
513:
879:Significant places & items of interest in the
680:Concept Master Plan for Fort Scratchley, Newcastle
204:Location of Coal River Precinct in New South Wales
805:Macquarie Pier and Nobby's Head Conservation Plan
725:
2908:
696:Fort Scratchley Historical Society Inc. (2006).
271:1814 – Expansion of the settlement in line with
896:
831:This Knowledge article was originally based on
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
1779:Walsh Island Dockyard & Engineering Works
980:Newcastle & Suburban Co-operative Society
864:
784:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
315:1857 – Lighthouse was built on Nobbys Island.
2967:Military establishments in the Hunter Region
776:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
743:
734:
196:
18:Historic site in New South Wales, Australia
871:
857:
558:
29:
2942:Military installations in New South Wales
233:site, Macquarie Pier, the breakwater and
803:Suters Architects Snell Pty Ltd (1996).
787:Newcastle Archaeological Management Plan
698:"Fort Scratchley Historical Society Inc"
631:Department of Planning & Environment
254:of the reserves of coal at "Coal River".
2917:New South Wales State Heritage Register
837:New South Wales State Heritage Register
794:Suters Architect Snell Pty Ltd (1997).
677:
626:New South Wales State Heritage Register
382:Coal River is important in the natural
369:New South Wales State Heritage Register
239:New South Wales State Heritage Register
2909:
686:
619:
367:Coal River Precinct was listed on the
2937:Military and war museums in Australia
2822:
2744:
2127:
1688:History of Newcastle, New South Wales
1611:
1341:
1290:Newcastle International Sports Centre
1238:
1031:
895:
852:
753:D. Bairstow & J W Turner (1987).
288:1822 – Penal settlement was moved to
1127:Hunter School of the Performing Arts
1055:Hunter School of the Performing Arts
1443:Black Bulga State Conservation Area
341:
13:
2128:
2092:Lake Macquarie anti-submarine boom
1693:Hunter Valley cannabis infestation
1240:Entertainment, sport & culture
814:Newcastle City Wide Heritage Study
14:
2983:
2883:Hunter Medical Research Institute
391:demonstrated by these precincts.
121:New South Wales Heritage Register
38:, part of the Coal River Precinct
1305:Newcastle Number 1 Sports Ground
826:
812:Suters Architects Snell (1996).
643:
538:
516:
347:further consultation and study.
195:
188:
139:state heritage (complex / group)
2972:Historic precincts in Australia
1698:Lake Macquarie Petrified Forest
785:Suters Architects; et al.
705:Newcastle City Council (2007).
671:
301:Australian Agricultural Company
250:1796 – Informal accounts reach
2932:Coal mining in New South Wales
1612:
1285:Newcastle Entertainment Centre
1250:Broadmeadow Basketball Stadium
821:
658:
326:
1:
2952:Maritime museums in Australia
2876:Health & medical research
2036:West Wallsend Steam Tram Line
1342:
1032:
744:Meridith Walker; et al.
735:Meridith Walker; et al.
551:
534:Military history of Australia
500:
413:Castle Hill convict rebellion
2862:Cessnock Correctional Centre
1888:Richmond Vale Railway Museum
1868:Broadmeadow Locomotive Depot
1415:Tops to Myall Heritage Trail
1086:All Saints College, Maitland
914:Cardiff Locomotive Workshops
846:, accessed on 2 June 2018.
835:, entry number 01674 in the
7:
2180:Newcastle Inner City Bypass
1873:Hunter Valley Railway Trust
1667:Newcastle Boys' High School
507:
244:
10:
2988:
2947:Museums in New South Wales
2922:Newcastle, New South Wales
2077:No. 208 Radar Station RAAF
1739:Cockle Creek Power Station
1683:Greater Newcastle Act 1937
1182:Rutherford Technology High
1011:Newcastle Government House
949:Newcastle Port Corporation
726:Suters Architects (2000).
678:Britton, Geoffrey (1997).
384:history of New South Wales
219:Newcastle, New South Wales
49:Newcastle, New South Wales
2875:
2854:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2751:
2745:
2740:
2692:
2684:Vales Point Power Station
2646:
2639:
2619:
2603:
2572:
2526:
2310:
2289:
2213:
2147:
2138:
2134:
2123:
2072:No. 2 Fighter Sector RAAF
2064:
2048:
2023:
1937:
1896:
1860:
1853:
1845:1989 Newcastle earthquake
1837:
1792:
1754:South Maitland coalfields
1731:
1675:
1659:
1638:
1622:
1618:
1607:
1503:
1423:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1245:
1234:
1205:
1078:
1042:
1038:
1027:
1003:
962:
906:
902:
891:
183:
179:
175:
167:
159:
151:
143:
135:
127:
118:
114:
100:
92:
55:
43:
28:
23:
2200:Sydney-Newcastle Freeway
2097:Newcastle Covering Force
1723:Tahlee historic property
1718:Royal Newcastle Hospital
1320:Newcastle Street Circuit
1117:Glendale Technology High
954:Tomago aluminium smelter
924:Hunter Valley Coal Chain
707:"Newcastle City Council"
687:Hunter, Cynthia (2001).
442:consultation and study.
2867:Christ Church Cathedral
2654:Bayswater Power Station
2087:Belmont Anti-Tank Ditch
1878:Hunter Valley Steamfest
1280:Newcastle Civic Theatre
1265:Hunter Valley Steamfest
1218:University of Newcastle
1152:Maitland Grossmann High
897:Commerce & industry
279:, inland from Newcastle
2962:Coastal fortifications
2786:Port Stephens Examiner
2647:Electricity generation
2611:Stockton ferry service
2276:Tea Gardens-Hawks Nest
1924:South Maitland Railway
1759:South Waratah Colliery
1187:St Joseph's, Lochinvar
524:New South Wales portal
237:. It was added to the
105:Newcastle City Council
2846:RAAF Base Williamtown
2720:Tillegra Dam proposal
2674:Redbank Power Station
2669:Liddell Power Station
2659:Eraring Power Station
2554:Port Stephens Coaches
2448:Newcastle Interchange
2107:Shelling of Newcastle
1919:Richmond Vale Railway
1883:Murulla rail accident
1630:Broadmeadow Aerodrome
1275:Newcastle Art Gallery
1132:Hunter Valley Grammar
1060:Hunter Valley Grammar
990:Stockland Green Hills
621:"Coal River Precinct"
458:and urban evolution.
241:on 19 December 2003.
2888:John Hunter Hospital
2841:No. 26 Squadron RAAF
2627:Newcastle Light Rail
1829:Point Stephens Light
1744:Cockle Creek Smelter
1315:Newcastle Showground
1260:Dungog Film Festival
944:Newcastle Steelworks
547:at Wikimedia Commons
452:history of Newcastle
273:Governor Macquarie's
171:Landscape – Cultural
77:32.9242°S 151.7921°E
2549:Newcastle Transport
2544:Hunter Valley Buses
2185:Newcastle Link Road
2175:New England Highway
2102:RAAF Base Rathmines
1784:Wangi Power Station
1295:Newcastle Libraries
833:Coal River Precinct
545:Coal River Precinct
231:Convict Lumber Yard
215:Coal River Precinct
73: /
24:Coal River Precinct
2031:Trams in Newcastle
1810:Maianbar shipwreck
1800:Bluebell Collision
1106:Waratah Technology
985:Stockland Glendale
970:Charlestown Square
929:Hunter Valley wine
664:Hunter, C. 2001/HO
163:Historic Landscape
152:Reference no.
82:-32.9242; 151.7921
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2814:
2813:
2776:Nine Northern NSW
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2635:
2634:
2590:Newcastle Airport
2241:Fitzgerald Bridge
2170:Hunter Expressway
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2044:
2043:
1838:Natural disasters
1824:Nobbys Head Light
1805:Cawarra shipwreck
1774:Walka Water Works
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1395:Mount Royal Range
1333:
1332:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1172:Newcastle Grammar
1122:Hunter River High
1096:Callaghan College
1070:Newcastle Grammar
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
543:Media related to
277:Paterson's Plains
212:
211:
109:Transport for NSW
2979:
2927:Cultural tourism
2831:
2830:
2820:
2819:
2766:Maitland Mercury
2742:
2741:
2679:Teralba Colliery
2644:
2643:
2585:Maitland Airport
2580:Cessnock Airport
2311:Railway stations
2205:Thunderbolts Way
2145:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
1938:Railway stations
1858:
1857:
1769:Teralba Colliery
1708:Newcastle Museum
1620:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1365:Burning Mountain
1360:Broughton Island
1350:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1300:Newcastle Museum
1236:
1235:
1213:Avondale College
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
995:Westfield Kotara
939:Kooragang Island
919:Forgacs Shipyard
904:
903:
893:
892:
873:
866:
859:
850:
849:
830:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
775:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
720:
718:
709:. Archived from
701:
692:
683:
665:
662:
656:
647:
642:
640:
638:
617:
542:
526:
521:
520:
519:
502:
351:significance of
342:Heritage listing
199:
198:
192:
147:19 December 2003
88:
87:
85:
84:
83:
78:
74:
71:
70:
69:
66:
33:
21:
20:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2892:
2871:
2850:
2825:
2810:
2747:
2724:
2710:Grahamstown Dam
2688:
2631:
2615:
2599:
2568:
2522:
2493:Victoria Street
2306:
2285:
2209:
2190:Pacific Highway
2155:Beaumont Street
2130:
2111:
2060:
2040:
2019:
1933:
1914:Fernleigh Track
1892:
1849:
1833:
1788:
1727:
1671:
1655:
1651:Greta Army Camp
1646:Fort Scratchley
1634:
1614:
1595:
1591:Worondi Rivulet
1499:
1438:Barrington Tops
1430:nature reserves
1427:
1419:
1400:Mount Sugarloaf
1380:Lake Chichester
1375:Glenrock Lagoon
1344:
1329:
1241:
1222:
1201:
1167:Mount View High
1162:Merewether High
1074:
1034:
1015:
999:
958:
898:
887:
885:New South Wales
877:
824:
769:
768:
716:
714:
713:on 4 March 2016
674:
669:
668:
663:
659:
636:
634:
618:
559:
554:
530:
529:
522:
517:
515:
510:
353:Fort Scratchley
344:
333:Fort Scratchley
329:
247:
223:Fort Scratchley
208:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
123:
96:1804–1960
81:
79:
75:
72:
67:
64:
62:
60:
59:
39:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Chichester Dam
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Glennies Creek
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Golden Highway
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2131:
2129:Infrastructure
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:Blackalls Park
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:State Dockyard
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1425:National parks
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1410:Stockton Beach
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1385:Lake Macquarie
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Newcastle Show
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:Circuit Italia
1252:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Newcastle High
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:Jesmond Senior
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1065:Kahibah Public
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
966:
964:
960:
959:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
910:
908:
900:
899:
889:
888:
876:
875:
868:
861:
853:
823:
820:
819:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
702:
693:
684:
673:
670:
667:
666:
657:
556:
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
536:
528:
527:
512:
511:
509:
506:
418:Governor Bligh
343:
340:
328:
325:
321:Newcastle East
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
297:
293:
290:Port Macquarie
286:
283:
280:
269:
265:
262:
259:John Shortland
255:
246:
243:
210:
209:
203:
194:
193:
187:
186:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
119:
116:
115:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
57:
53:
52:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2984:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:ABC Newcastle
2754:
2753:
2750:
2743:
2739:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2595:Scone Airport
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Rover Coaches
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Martins Creek
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:East Maitland
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:Railway lines
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Clarence Town
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2122:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:Railway lines
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Rothbury riot
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Maitland Gaol
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:Air transport
1621:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1405:Port Stephens
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:Newcastle 500
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Maitland High
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Irrawang High
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Cessnock High
1110:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1026:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:Hunter Street
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
961:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
909:
905:
901:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Hunter Region
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
855:
854:
851:
847:
845:
842:
838:
834:
829:
815:
810:
806:
801:
797:
792:
788:
783:
779:
773:
765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
729:
724:
712:
708:
703:
699:
694:
690:
685:
681:
676:
675:
661:
654:
651:
646:
632:
628:
627:
622:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
557:
546:
541:
537:
535:
532:
531:
525:
514:
505:
497:
496:
492:
488:
487:
483:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:
459:
455:
453:
447:
443:
439:
438:
434:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
414:
408:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
385:
380:
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2705:Glenbawn Dam
2693:Water supply
2664:Lake Liddell
2443:Muswellbrook
2358:Cockle Creek
2214:Road bridges
2160:Bucketts Way
2082:HMAS Assault
2065:World War II
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1197:Toronto High
1192:Tomaree High
1147:Lambton High
934:Kia Ora Stud
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2957:Breakwaters
2715:Lostock Dam
2398:High Street
2348:Broadmeadow
2049:Wine making
2010:Whittingham
2000:Ravensworth
1713:Nobbys Head
1463:Myall Lakes
1458:Mount Royal
1453:Ghin-Doo-Ee
1448:Booti Booti
1390:Myall Lakes
1142:Kotara High
822:Attribution
327:Description
227:Nobbys Head
80: /
68:151°47′32″E
56:Coordinates
51:, Australia
36:Nobbys Head
2911:Categories
2791:The Herald
2620:Light rail
2564:Sid Fogg's
2534:Bus routes
2513:Wirragulla
2498:Wallarobba
2433:Mindaribba
2363:Dora Creek
2333:Beresfield
2297:Main North
2195:Putty Road
2056:Lindeman's
1613:Historical
1541:Gloucester
1536:Chichester
1521:Barrington
1370:Cape Hawke
552:References
268:encounters
257:1797 – Lt
144:Designated
65:32°55′27″S
2761:Hit 106.9
2640:Utilities
2503:Warabrook
2468:Singleton
2413:Lochinvar
2378:Fassifern
2323:Adamstown
2302:Newcastle
2140:Transport
1995:Newcastle
1985:Grasstree
1945:Allandale
1819:shipwreck
1660:Education
1478:Wallingat
1343:Geography
1079:Secondary
1033:Education
841:CC-BY 4.0
772:cite book
650:CC-BY 4.0
296:replaced.
2796:Triple M
2488:Thornton
2458:Sandgate
2453:Paterson
2438:Morisset
2418:Maitland
2403:Hilldale
2388:Hamilton
2343:Branxton
2338:Booragul
2318:Aberdeen
2271:Stockton
2261:Monkerai
1990:Minimbah
1975:Dingadee
1965:Cessnock
1793:Maritime
1732:Industry
1586:Williams
1576:Paterson
1546:Goulburn
1495:The Glen
1488:Werakata
1483:Watagans
1206:Tertiary
1103:Wallsend
1091:Avondale
1050:Avondale
963:Shopping
907:Industry
633:. H01674
508:See also
245:Timeline
168:Category
44:Location
2855:General
2834:Defence
2539:Busways
2508:Waratah
2483:Teralba
2478:Telarah
2428:Metford
2353:Cardiff
2266:Morpeth
2236:Dunmore
2231:Cooreei
2221:Beckers
2015:Wickham
2005:Toronto
1955:Belford
1950:Antiene
1929:Toronto
1909:Morpeth
1904:Belmont
1861:General
1676:General
1639:Defence
1561:Manning
1473:Towarri
1468:Tomaree
1353:General
1325:Surfest
1043:Primary
844:licence
653:licence
2781:New FM
2408:Kotara
2393:Hexham
2368:Dungog
2256:Hinton
2251:Hexham
1980:Farley
1581:Wangat
1556:Karuah
1551:Hunter
1531:Bylong
1504:Rivers
717:8 July
637:2 June
252:Sydney
229:, the
2824:Other
2746:Media
2604:Ferry
2473:Tarro
2463:Scone
2383:Greta
2328:Awaba
2024:Trams
1970:Civic
1817:Sygna
1571:Pages
1566:Myall
1511:Allyn
1004:Other
101:Owner
93:Built
2806:2NUR
2518:Wyee
2281:Vacy
2148:Road
1854:Rail
1516:Avon
1428:and
778:link
719:2018
639:2018
359:and
160:Type
155:1674
136:Type
2801:2HD
2573:Air
2527:Bus
1815:MV
1526:Bow
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
