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64:
598:
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341:, probably dating from the 11th or 12th century. The remains of a bridge, linking the main motte with the south-west mound, can just be seen to the south of this; this bridge would have formed the main route to the town. South of the bridge is the site of the gatehouse, while the foundations of a great round tower can be seen to the south-west. Along the west front are the remains of two solid turrets, built in possible imitation of
48:
71:
1309:
330:. The ground floor was used for storage, with the upper three storeys for the family's residential use. Each floor had its own large fireplace and five windows. The great keep appears powerful, but was built as a compromise between security and comfort – the building has relatively few
291:
and its church (on the other side of the river). The river provides natural defences from the north and west, whilst the main keep of the castle stands upon a large motte or mound. Most historians conclude that this is primarily a natural elevation of rock, which has then been
563:
and Clun, the beginnings of what would become a powerful noble family. William built the tall, off-centre Norman keep that dominates the site today, blending a defensive fortification with the beginnings of a more luxurious style of living. William had been with
721:. A group of commissioners, called in to examine the castle as part of the inquest, noted that the castle was described as "small but strongly built", but in some need of repair, with the bridge and the roof of one of the towers needing particular work.
554:
Isabella married twice more after
William's death, with her husbands Geoffrey de Vere and William Botorel being lords of Clun Castle by virtue of marriage, but on her death in 1199 the castle passed to her son from her first marriage, the second
477:. Each knight had to conduct forty days of military service each year, probably being called up in a crisis rather than maintaining a constant guard, and were supplemented when required by additional mounted or infantry sergeants.
576:
and it would seem that the distinctive circular towers
William built to defend the new keep at Clun were based on those at Gaillard. The result was echoed in Shropshire, on a smaller scale, in the fortified tower-houses at
683:, and Clun Castle was garrisoned with royal troops in 1233 to ensure its continued reliability as a key fortress. The castle successfully resisted the attack by Llywelyn that year, although Clun itself was destroyed.
1573:
660:, a close friend of Llywelyn the Great, promptly took up arms against the king, immediately seizing Clun and Oswestry from royal control. In 1216, King John responded militarily, his forces attacking and burning
326:
and round-headed Norman windows. Unusually the keep is off-centre, probably to allow the foundations greater reach and avoid placing excessive pressure on the motte – a similar design can be found at
504:. In particular, the lord of Clun Castle was known for having the right to execute criminals on his own behalf, rather than as the representative of the king; criminals would be taken from as far as
228:
system. Owned for many years by the
Fitzalan family, Clun played a key part in protecting the region from Welsh attack until it was gradually abandoned as a property in favour of the more luxurious
745:
in the 1280s significantly reduced the threat of Welsh invasion and the long-term requirements for strong military fortifications such as Clun Castle. Meanwhile, the FitzAlan family had acquired
300:
into its current, although others argue that it is mostly artificial. Three similar, but less dramatic mounds around the main motte provide the basic structure for the castle defences.
753:
and became their primary residence. By the 14th century Clun Castle had been transformed into a hunting lodge complete with pleasure gardens by the FitzAlan family, who kept a large
1082:
Suppe, Frederick C. (2001) "The
Persistence of Castle Guard in the Welsh Marches and Wales: Suggestions for a Research Agenda and Methodology," in Abels and Bachrach (eds) 2001.
656:
for
William to inherit his lands; unable to pay, Clun Castle was assigned to Thomas de Eardington instead. William died shortly afterwards at Easter, 1215, and his brother,
1577:
856:, a descendant of the original FitzAlan family. The Duke undertook a programme of conservation on the castle, stabilising its condition. The castle is classed as a Grade I
481:
continued the royal focus on Clun as the regional centre for protecting the border, investing heavily in the castle during 1160–64. The castle could also draw on Welsh
830:, however, in 1646 to prevent any possible use as a fortress. The castle passed through several hands in the coming years, including a period in which it was owned by
307:
are still standing on the north side of the motte. In large part this a typical late Norman keep, 68 by 42 ft (21 by 13 m) wide, similar to those locally at
578:
1111:
400:. The area around Clun was rugged, thinly populated and covered in extensive forests in early medieval times. Clun Castle was originally established by
791:
of 1400–15, with Thomas playing a key role in suppressing the revolt; the castle was refortified and saw some service against the Welsh rebels led by
649:
556:
1626:
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made an attempt to break the power of the
Arundel family in the area, removing Clun Castle from the Fitz Alan family with the execution of
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for four weeks against
Stephen. William escaped before the fall of the city, spending the next fifteen years in exile before the return of
161:
135:
853:
94:
349:, including a grange, a stable and a bakehouse. The earthworks of two further bailey walls can be seen on the east side of the castle.
697:. The Welsh border situation was still unsettled, and security grew significantly worse in the next few years, as the Welsh prince
877:
772:
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until 1102. After the
Shrewsbury rebellion of that year, Robert and his descendants held their castle directly from the Crown.
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town, before besieging and taking Clun Castle in a surprise attack. John came to an understanding with King John's successor,
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controlling the castle until his death in 1165. Under Helias, the barony of Say was divided in two, with Helias' daughter
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On the highest point of the main motte are the remains of one wall of what appears to have been an earlier small square
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996:
Castles: England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland: the definitive guide to the most impressive buildings and intriguing sites.
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receiving an expanded estate centred on Clun, and the more easterly elements of the de Say land, including the future
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334:– many of the externally visible arrowslits are fakes and the building as a whole could easily have been undermined.
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system at Clun, probably in response to the succession of Welsh attacks in the decades following the rebellion of
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in 1094. Under the castle-guard system, protecting Clun Castle was undertaken by knights from a group of
381:
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787:, the castle was restored to the family. There was a resurgence of interest in Clun Castle during the
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enjoyed with the local barons. For many years there was an erroneous story that in 1196 the castle was
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709:, one of the neighbouring and powerful Mortimer family. In 1272 John died leaving a young son,
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232:. The Fitzalans converted Clun Castle into a hunting lodge in the 14th century, complete with
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The surrounding grounds around Clun Castle have been extensively developed in the past and a
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stretching eastwards away from Clun and the Welsh frontier, linked in many cases by the old
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346:
1085:
Suppe, Frederick C. (2003) "Castle guard and the castlery of Clun," in
Liddiard (ed) 2003.
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by marriage in 1243; their new castle proved to be a much more amenable location for the
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and it is possible that he lived at Clun Castle during this time. The couple had a son,
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Collectanea Archæologica: communications made to the
British Archaeological Association
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used Clun Castle as the model for the castle "Guarde Doleureuse" in his medieval novel
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to reassert the power of the Welsh principality, aided by the difficult relations that
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A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland.
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The Medieval March of Wales: The Creation and Perception of a Frontier, 1066–1283.
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The remains of the 80 ft (24 m) tall, four-storey rectangular great
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In the 13th century, Shropshire was in the front line of attempts by Prince
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679:, and Llywelyn the Great, suspicions were raised again over the loyalty of
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496:, which meant it was governed by its own, rather than English law, and the
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485:, with twenty-five local Welsh settlements owing the castle military duty.
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Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500: Southern England.
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conducted numerous raids into English territories. John's son, another
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505:
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271:
209:
34:
987:
Eyton, William. (1862) "The Castles of Shropshire and its Border." in
559:. In doing so, Isabella created the combined lordship of neighbouring
244:, Clun remained in poor condition until renovation work in the 1890s.
1519:
Eyton 1862, p. 45; Eyton 1860, p. 232; Pettifer, p. 211, Acton p. 12.
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William died in 1210, leaving the castle to his eldest son, another
519:. William was another powerful regional lord, and was appointed the
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of Clun Castle, designed for the Fitz Alan family's residential use.
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1312:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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with two baileys. Robert held the castle and district from the
411:
who seized the territory from Edric; Robert built a substantial
1270:
Medieval Powys: Kingdom, Principality, and Lordships, 1132–1293
641:, which was attacked in 1196, and the Welsh rendition of Clun,
365:
201:
1204:
952:
The Politics of Magnate Power in England and Wales, 1389–1413.
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585:, whilst several generations later the trend would result in
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427:
408:
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535:, in which England was split between the rival claimants of
345:. A number of domestic buildings once stood inside the main
259:, who also holds the title of Baron Clun, and is managed by
690:
inherited the castle from his father; John also became the
396:
Before the Norman invasion, the manor of Clun was owned by
338:
304:
288:
276:
205:
1048:
The Castles of England: Their Story and Structure, Vol II.
904:
Abels, Richard Philip and Bernard S. Bachrach. (eds) 2001
783:; with the fall of Richard II and the return to favour of
212:, England. Clun Castle was established by the Norman lord
543:, William declared for the Empress Maud and in 1138 held
236:, but by the 16th century the castle was largely ruined.
802:
observed the increasingly ruined nature of Clun Castle.
1178:
Pettifer, p. 208; Mackenzie, p. 133; Pettifer, p. 211.
806:, the 20th earl of Arundel, died in 1595 whilst under
1303:
An Old Family: Or, The Setons of Scotland and America
1011:
Behind the Castle Gate: from Medieval to Renaissance.
668:
in 1217 after finally paying a fine of 10,000 marks.
360:
to the west. To the north-east lies the remains of a
1574:"National Monuments Record, accessed 20 August 2010"
1479:
1477:
652:. King John, however, demanded a huge fee of 10,000
1446:
1444:
713:; during his minority the castle was controlled by
488:The area surrounding the castle was now declared a
1157:Pettifer, p. 211; Mackenzie, p. 113; Brown, p. 92.
1474:
1613:
1559:
1557:
1467:
1465:
1441:
1223:
1221:
1219:
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757:at the castle, along with their collections at
422:Picot's daughter married the local Welsh lord,
1235:
1233:
822:of 1642–46 and saw no military action; it was
818:. The castle was abandoned by the time of the
356:can still be made out in the field beyond the
224:castle in the 12th century, with an extensive
1554:
1462:
864:. The site is open to the public, managed by
1216:
1160:
1113:Clun Castle and Borough: documentary sources
438:inherited the castle in 1098, with his son,
1425:
1423:
1421:
1230:
1197:
1195:
1193:
921:The Castles and Old Mansions of Shropshire.
779:with the intent that it became part of the
1266:
1144:
1142:
1140:
385:The view west from Clun Castle across the
1547:
1545:
1543:
1109:
906:The Normans and their Adversaries at War.
247:Today the castle is classed as a Grade I
1418:
1190:
728:
596:
380:
283:Clun Castle is located on a bend in the
270:
1137:
1119:, Hereford: Clun Castle Archive Project
1035:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
969:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
932:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
852:In 1894, the site was purchased by the
671:In 1233–34 during the conflict between
508:for this punishment to be carried out.
1614:
1540:
1459:Pettifer, p. 211 believe this however.
878:Grade I listed buildings in Shropshire
724:
376:
1602:English Heritage site for Clun Castle
1294:
1069:English Castles: A Guide by Counties.
982:Antiquities of Shropshire, Volume XI.
816:Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton
798:By the 16th century, the antiquarian
1627:English Heritage sites in Shropshire
888:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
426:. In 1109 Cadwgan was forced out of
1273:. Woodbridge: Boydell. p. 31.
629:, a Prince of the Welsh Kingdom of
605:depiction of the ruined Clun Castle
500:who controlled this section of the
492:, known in the 13th century as the
450:, being given to Theodoric de Say.
220:and went on to become an important
70:
13:
1415:Brown, p. 93; Suppe, 2001, p. 210.
1089:
994:Fry, Plantagenet Somerset. (2005)
919:Acton, Frances Stackhouse. (1868)
14:
1658:
1595:
1370:Acton, p. 13; Eyton 1860, p. 228.
954:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1325:Suppe 2003, p. 217, pp. 219–220.
1307:
1257:Emery, p. 472; Lieberman, p.167.
1213:Brown, p. 92; Mackenzie, p. 133.
1122:
1062:A History of Shrewsbury, Vol. I.
633:. This story is a confusion of
404:, also known as Picot, an early
287:, overlooking the small town of
69:
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46:
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1251:
1242:
1187:Pettifer, p. 211; Brown, p. 92.
998:Cincinnati: David and Charles.
898:
741:The invasion of North Wales by
705:inherited the castle, marrying
592:
531:. After Henry I's death during
266:
18:GWR 4073 Class 7029 Clun Castle
1181:
1172:
1151:
1024:Liddiard, Robert. (ed) (2003)
926:Brown, Reginald Allen. (1989)
834:. The 19th century author Sir
368:connecting this to the river.
16:For the steam locomotive, see
1:
1131:
1607:Bibliography for Clun Castle
947:London: Colburn and Bentley.
923:Shrewsbury: Leake and Evans.
7:
1071:Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
1064:London: Harding and Lepard.
1046:Mackenzie, James D. (1896)
984:London: John Russell Smith.
871:
10:
1663:
1267:Stephenson, David (2016).
1097:Clun Castle, 1066 to 1282.
1028:Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
893:List of castles in England
521:High Sheriff of Shropshire
371:
218:Norman invasion of England
15:
1642:Ruined castles in England
1406:Owen and Blakeway, p. 79.
1397:Owen and Blakeway, p. 78.
1388:Owen and Blakeway, p. 77.
1343:Suppe 2003, pp. 219, 220.
1305:, Brentano's, 1899, p. 14
1110:Summerson, Henry (1993),
1067:Pettifer, Adrian. (1995)
1009:Johnson, Matthew. (2002)
453:At around the same time,
187:
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157:
152:
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125:
88:
57:
45:
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27:
991:Vol. 1. London: Longman.
950:Dunn, Alaistair. (2003)
883:Listed buildings in Clun
847:
775:in 1397, granting it to
1058:John Brickdale Blakeway
1031:Lieberman, Max. (2010)
980:Eyton, William. (1860)
965:Emery, Anthony. (2006)
568:during the building of
738:
737:diagram of Clun Castle
606:
473:running alongside the
393:
280:
1632:History of Shropshire
1622:Castles in Shropshire
1026:Anglo Norman Castles.
1013:Abingdon: Routledge.
929:Castles From The Air.
908:Woodbridge: Boydell.
732:
600:
527:, the second wife of
384:
274:
255:. It is owned by the
200:is a medieval ruined
1361:Suppe, 2001, p. 210.
1050:New York: Macmillan.
943:Burke, John. (1831)
814:gave Clun Castle to
699:Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
457:I established a new
1637:Ruins in Shropshire
1510:Eyton 1862, p. 232.
1334:Suppe 2003, p. 213.
725:14th–17th centuries
377:11th–12th centuries
106: /
1563:Mackenzie, p. 132.
1483:Eyton 1862, p. 45.
1471:Mackenzie, p. 147.
1352:Lieberman, p. 167.
1227:Mackenzie, p. 133.
862:Scheduled Monument
781:Earldom of Chester
739:
611:Llywelyn the Great
607:
525:Adeliza of Louvain
424:Cadwgan ap Bleddyn
417:Earl of Shrewsbury
394:
281:
253:Scheduled Monument
240:in 1646 after the
168:Controlled by
110:52.4216°N 3.0337°W
1450:Pettifer, p. 208.
1169:Mackenzie, p.131.
1077:978-0-85115-782-5
1041:978-0-521-76978-5
1019:978-0-415-25887-6
1004:978-0-7153-2212-3
975:978-0-521-58132-5
960:978-0-19-926310-3
938:978-0-521-32932-3
914:978-0-85115-847-1
820:English Civil War
650:William Fitz Alan
557:William Fitz Alan
545:Shrewsbury Castle
513:William Fitz Alan
511:Isabella married
463:Gruffudd ap Cynan
275:The ruined great
242:English Civil War
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1580:on 10 March 2012
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570:Château Gaillard
432:Owain ap Cadwgan
343:Château Gaillard
328:Guildford Castle
261:English Heritage
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587:Stokesay Castle
541:Empress Matilda
448:Stokesay Castle
444:Isabella de Say
398:Eadric the Wild
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789:Glyndŵr Rising
747:Arundel Castle
735:late-Victorian
726:
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715:Roger Mortimer
673:King Henry III
658:John Fitz Alan
594:
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583:Wattlesborough
566:King Richard I
515:, the lord of
494:Honour of Clun
490:Marcher Barony
483:feudal service
434:. Picot's son
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1578:the original
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1537:Dunn, p. 62.
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436:Henry de Say
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319:, featuring
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267:Architecture
246:
226:castle-guard
222:Marcher lord
197:
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178:Open to
22:
1551:Fry, p. 80.
1528:Emery, 688.
800:John Leland
639:Radnorshire
533:the Anarchy
198:Clun Castle
113: /
89:Coordinates
77:Clun Castle
52:Clun Castle
28:Clun Castle
1616:Categories
1132:References
1054:Owen, Hugh
828:Parliament
808:attainment
769:Richard II
755:horse stud
631:Deheubarth
506:Shrewsbury
475:river Clun
471:Roman road
387:river Clun
358:River Clun
332:arrowslits
324:buttresses
313:Bridgnorth
285:River Clun
216:after the
210:Shropshire
98:52°25′18″N
35:Shropshire
1584:23 August
1060:. (1825)
860:and as a
844:in 1825.
765:castles.
666:Henry III
615:King John
551:in 1153.
364:, with a
362:fish pond
309:Alberbury
251:and as a
188:Condition
101:3°02′01″W
872:See also
824:slighted
743:Edward I
707:Isabella
686:In 1244
662:Oswestry
619:besieged
574:Normandy
561:Oswestry
549:Henry II
539:and the
517:Oswestry
479:Henry II
321:pilaster
238:Slighted
136:SO298809
812:James I
719:Wigmore
711:Richard
692:de jure
643:Colunwy
621:by the
529:Henry I
389:toward
372:History
298:scarped
39:England
1286:3 June
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810:, and
675:, the
406:Norman
366:sluice
347:bailey
317:Hopton
202:castle
191:Ruined
147:Bailey
1117:(PDF)
848:Today
759:Chirk
654:marks
623:Welsh
467:fiefs
455:Henry
428:Powys
409:baron
391:Wales
158:Owner
1647:Clun
1586:2010
1288:2017
1275:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1056:and
1037:ISBN
1015:ISBN
1000:ISBN
971:ISBN
956:ISBN
934:ISBN
910:ISBN
763:Holt
761:and
581:and
339:keep
315:and
305:keep
296:and
289:Clun
277:keep
206:Clun
143:Type
826:by
717:of
637:in
572:in
523:by
294:cut
204:in
183:Yes
1618::
1556:^
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868:.
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20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
