1400:
1408:
3010:
49:
1869:
2417:
2275:(which behaves more like a platelet disorder except in severe cases), is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder and is characterized as being inherited autosomal recessive or dominant. In this disease, there is a defect in von Willebrand factor (vWF), which mediates the binding of glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) to collagen. This binding helps mediate the activation of platelets and formation of primary hemostasis.
5584:
2765:
2127:, a deficiency of factor VIII, which is part of the contact activation pathway, results in an abnormally prolonged aPTT test but a normal PT test. Deficiencies of common pathway factors prothrombin, fibrinogen, FX, and FV will prolong both aPTT and PT. If an abnormal PT or aPTT is present, additional testing will occur to determine which (if any) factor is present as aberrant concentrations.
1142:
2146:
1646:. The initiation phase, mediated by the tissue factor exposure, proceeds via the classic extrinsic pathway and contributes to about 5% of thrombin production. The amplified production of thrombin occurs via the classic intrinsic pathway in the propagation phase; about 95% of thrombin generated will be during this second phase.
2708:
Hageman factor, now known as factor XII, was identified in 1955 in an asymptomatic patient with a prolonged bleeding time named of John
Hageman. Factor X, or Stuart-Prower factor, followed, in 1956. This protein was identified in a Ms. Audrey Prower of London, who had a lifelong bleeding tendency. In
1598:
Further, the final common pathway scheme implies that prothrombin is converted to thrombin only when acted upon by the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, which is an oversimplification. In fact, thrombin is generated by activated platelets at the initiation of the platelet plug, which in turn promotes
1411:
Modern coagulation pathway. Hand-drawn composite from similar drawings presented by
Professor Dzung Le, MD, PhD, at UCSD Clinical Chemistry conferences on 14 and 21 October 2014. Original schema from Introduction to Hematology by Samuel I. Rapaport. 2nd ed.; Lippencott: 1987. Dr Le added the factor
4869:
Middeldorp S, Nieuwlaat R, Baumann
Kreuziger L, Coppens M, Houghton D, James AH, Lang E, Moll S, Myers T, Bhatt M, Chai-Adisaksopha C, Colunga-Lozano LE, Karam SG, Zhang Y, Wiercioch W, SchĂĽnemann HJ, Iorio A. American Society of Hematology 2023 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism:
2744:
All mammals have an extremely closely related blood coagulation process, using a combined cellular and serine protease process. It is possible for any mammalian coagulation factor to "cleave" its equivalent target in any other mammal. The only non-mammalian animal known to use serine proteases for
1430:(also known as the extrinsic pathway), which both lead to the same fundamental reactions that produce fibrin. It was previously thought that the two pathways of coagulation cascade were of equal importance, but it is now known that the primary pathway for the initiation of blood coagulation is the
1790:
shed from them. Calcium is also required at other points in the coagulation cascade. Calcium ions play a major role in the regulation of coagulation cascade that is paramount in the maintenance of hemostasis. Other than platelet activation, calcium ions are responsible for complete activation of
2724:
rather than eponyms or systematic names was agreed upon during annual conferences (starting in 1955) of hemostasis experts. In 1962, consensus was achieved on the numbering of factors I–XII. This committee evolved into the present-day
International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ICTH).
1594:
The division of coagulation in two pathways is arbitrary, originating from laboratory tests in which clotting times were measured either after the clotting was initiated by glass, the intrinsic pathway; or clotting was initiated by thromboplastin (a mix of tissue factor and phospholipids), the
1278:
When there is an injury to a blood vessel, the endothelial cells can release various vasoconstrictor substances, such as endothelin and thromboxane, to induce the constriction of the smooth muscles in the vessel wall. This helps reduce blood flow to the site of injury and limits bleeding.
4146:
Moroi M, Induruwa I, Farndale RW, Jung SM. Factor XIII is a newly identified binding partner for platelet collagen receptor GPVI-dimer-An interaction that may modulate fibrin crosslinking. Res Pract Thromb
Haemost. 2022 Apr 24;6(3):e12697. doi: 10.1002/rth2.12697. PMID 35494504; PMCID:
4271:
Peetermans M, Vanassche T, Liesenborghs L, Lijnen RH, Verhamme P. Bacterial pathogens activate plasminogen to breach tissue barriers and escape from innate immunity. Crit Rev
Microbiol. 2016 Nov;42(6):866-82. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2015.1080214. Epub 2015 Oct 20. PMID
2498:
are the most commonly used. Warfarin affects the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) and protein C and protein S, whereas heparin and related compounds increase the action of antithrombin on thrombin and factor Xa. A newer class of drugs, the
2320:, antithrombin deficiency, and various other genetic deficiencies or variants), particularly in younger patients with family history of thrombosis; however, thrombotic events are more likely when acquired risk factors are superimposed on the inherited state.
1217:: It is a series of enzymatic reactions that lead to the formation of a stable blood clot. The endothelial cells release substances like tissue factor, which triggers the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. This is called as "secondary hemostasis".
1585:
do not have a bleeding disorder. Instead, contact activation system seems to be more involved in inflammation, and innate immunity. Despite this, interference with the pathway may confer protection against thrombosis without a significant bleeding risk.
1497:, the most important constituent of the coagulation cascade in terms of its feedback activation roles, is released very rapidly. FVIIa circulates in a higher amount than any other activated coagulation factor. The process includes the following steps:
1785:
and prothrombinase complexes to function. Calcium mediates the binding of the complexes via the terminal gamma-carboxy residues on Factor Xa and Factor IXa to the phospholipid surfaces expressed by platelets, as well as procoagulant microparticles or
1639:. Along with the procoagulant and anticoagulant plasma proteins, normal physiologic coagulation requires the presence of two cell types for formation of coagulation complexes: cells that express tissue factor (usually extravascular) and platelets.
1231:(plasma transglutaminase; activated form of fibrin-stabilizing factor) promotes fibrin cross-linking, and subsequent stabilization of fibrin, leading to the formation of a fibrin clot (final blood clot), which temporarily seals the wound to allow
4800:
Andreescu M, Andreescu B. A Review About the
Assessment of the Bleeding and Thrombosis Risk for Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Scheduled for Surgery. Cureus. 2024 Mar 12;16(3):e56008. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56008. PMID 38606222; PMCID:
1145:
The interaction of vWF and GP1b alpha. The GP1b receptor on the surface of platelets allows the platelet to bind to vWF, which is exposed upon damage to vasculature. The vWF A1 domain (yellow) interacts with the extracellular domain of GP1ba
4579:
Dicks AB, Moussallem E, Stanbro M, Walls J, Gandhi S, Gray BH. A Comprehensive Review of Risk
Factors and Thrombophilia Evaluation in Venous Thromboembolism. J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 9;13(2):362. doi: 10.3390/jcm13020362. PMID 38256496; PMCID:
1991:, which synthesizes cAMP. cAMP inhibits platelet activation by decreasing cytosolic levels of calcium and, by doing so, inhibits the release of granules that would lead to activation of additional platelets and the coagulation cascade.
4675:
Rasmussen KL, Philips M, Tripodi A, Goetze JP. Unexpected, isolated activated partial thromboplastin time prolongation: A practical mini-review. Eur J Haematol. 2020 Jun;104(6):519-525. doi: 10.1111/ejh.13394. Epub 2020 Feb 27. PMID
3082:
4810:
Demoy M, Labrousse J, Grand F, Moyrand S, Tuffigo M, Lamarche S, Macchi L. Déficit en facteur XI : actualités et revue de littérature . Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2024 Jun 5;82(2):225-236. French. doi: 10.1684/abc.2024.1884. PMID
1737:
Immunohemostasis is the integration of immune activation into adaptive clot formation. Immunothrombosis is the pathological result of crosstalk between immunity, inflammation, and coagulation. Mediators of this process include
3624:
4710:/Dorgalaleh A, Favaloro EJ, Bahraini M, Rad F. Standardization of Prothrombin Time/International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR). Int J Lab Hematol. 2021 Feb;43(1):21-28. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13349. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID 32979036.
3337:
4281:
Yong J, Toh CH. Rethinking coagulation: from enzymatic cascade and cell-based reactions to a convergent model involving innate immune activation. Blood. 2023 Dec 21;142(25):2133-2145. doi: 10.1182/blood.2023021166. PMID
1580:
complex, which activates FX to FXa. The minor role that the contact activation pathway has in initiating blood clot formation can be illustrated by the fact that individuals with severe deficiencies of FXII, HMWK, and
1307:
triggers a signaling cascade that results in activation of platelet integrins. Activated integrins mediate tight binding of platelets to the extracellular matrix. This process adheres platelets to the site of injury.
3179:
1251:
starts, and these two process are together called "tertiary hemostasis". Activated platelets contract their internal actin and myosin fibrils in their cytoskeleton, which leads to shrinkage of the clot volume.
3209:
2657:(1905–1990) in 1947. He also postulated its function to be the generation of accelerin (Factor VI), which later turned out to be the activated form of V (or Va); hence, VI is not now in active use.
1860:) lead to the formation of PIVKAs (proteins formed in vitamin K absence), which are partially or totally non-gamma carboxylated, affecting the coagulation factors' ability to bind to phospholipid.
1446:
co-factor are activated to become active components that then catalyze the next reaction in the cascade, ultimately resulting in cross-linked fibrin. Coagulation factors are generally indicated by
4589:
Maroney SA, Mast AE. New insights into the biology of tissue factor pathway inhibitor. J Thromb
Haemost. 2015 Jun;13 Suppl 1(0 1):S200-7. doi: 10.1111/jth.12897. PMID 26149025; PMCID: PMC4604745.
1642:
The coagulation process occurs in two phases. First is the initiation phase, which occurs in tissue-factor-expressing cells. This is followed by the propagation phase, which occurs on activated
6093:
4686:
2300:(blood clot) becomes a mobile embolus and migrates to another part of the body, interfering with blood circulation and hence impairing organ function downstream of the occlusion. This causes
3090:
168:
components (coagulation or clotting factors). The pathway in humans has been the most extensively researched and is the best understood. Disorders of coagulation can result in problems with
2336:
3616:
1532:
Thrombin then activates other components of the coagulation cascade, including FV and FVIII (which forms a complex with FIX), and activates and releases FVIII from being bound to vWF.
2712:
The view that the coagulation process is a "cascade" or "waterfall" was enunciated almost simultaneously by MacFarlane in the UK and by Davie and
Ratnoff in the US, respectively.
3341:
2725:
Assignment of numerals ceased in 1963 after the naming of Factor XIII. The names Fletcher Factor and Fitzgerald Factor were given to further coagulation-related proteins, namely
1852:. These drugs create a deficiency of reduced vitamin K by blocking VKORC, thereby inhibiting maturation of clotting factors. Vitamin K deficiency from other causes (e.g., in
1154:, the normal bodily process that stops bleeding. Coagulation is a part of an integrated series of haemostatic reactions, involving plasma, platelet, and vascular components.
1891:
that is activated by thrombin into activated protein C (APC). Protein C is activated in a sequence that starts with Protein C and thrombin binding to a cell surface protein
2697:
in Oxford, UK. The factor is, hence, called Christmas Factor. Christmas lived in Canada and campaigned for blood transfusion safety until succumbing to transfusion-related
3171:
1968:(t-PA), which is synthesized and secreted by endothelium. Plasmin proteolytically cleaves fibrin into fibrin degradation products that inhibit excessive fibrin formation.
2749:. Exemplifying the close links between coagulation and inflammation, the horseshoe crab has a primitive response to injury, carried out by cells known as amoebocytes (or
3024:
Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (28 July 2023).
1926:) that degrades the serine proteases: thrombin, FIXa, FXa, FXIa, and FXIIa. It is constantly active, but its adhesion to these factors is increased by the presence of
1287:
When the endothelium is damaged, the normally isolated underlying collagen is exposed to circulating platelets, which bind directly to collagen with collagen-specific
3725:
1465:, which act by cleaving downstream proteins. The exceptions are tissue factor, FV, FVIII, FXIII. Tissue factor, FV and FVIII are glycoproteins, and Factor XIII is a
4351:
Signorelli, Salvatore Santo; Oliveri Conti, Gea; Fiore, Maria; Cangiano, Federica; Zuccarello, Pietro; Gaudio, Agostino; Ferrante, Margherita (26 November 2020).
4137:
Hoffman M. A cell-based model of coagulation and the role of factor VIIa. Blood Rev. 2003 Sep;17 Suppl 1:S1-5. doi: 10.1016/s0268-960x(03)90000-2. PMID 14697207.
3201:
2569:
956:
850:
4823:"Prophylactic plasma transfusion for patients without inherited bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use undergoing non-cardiac surgery or invasive procedures"
1236:
1183:
1938:(different heparinoids increase affinity to FXa, thrombin, or both). Quantitative or qualitative deficiency of antithrombin (inborn or acquired, e.g., in
1671:
2123:
If a coagulation factor is part of the contact activation or tissue factor pathway, a deficiency of that factor will affect only one of the tests: Thus
4779:
3908:
2957:
1633:
A newer model of coagulation mechanism explains the intricate combination of cellular and biochemical events that occur during the coagulation process
1209:
Platelet plug formation: The adhered platelets aggregate and form a temporary plug to stop bleeding. This process is often called "primary hemostasis".
1501:
Following damage to the blood vessel, FVII leaves the circulation and comes into contact with tissue factor expressed on tissue-factor-bearing cells (
2519:). Also in clinical use are other small molecular compounds that interfere directly with the enzymatic action of particular coagulation factors (the
1876:
Several mechanisms keep platelet activation and the coagulation cascade in check. Abnormalities can lead to an increased tendency toward thrombosis:
1248:
2153:
allows for platelets to adhere to the site of injury. Mutations in the genes associated with the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex are characteristic of
6100:
3057:
1832:(VKORC), reduces vitamin K back to its active form. Vitamin K epoxide reductase is pharmacologically important as a target of anticoagulant drugs
1412:
XI portion based on a paper from about year 2000. Dr. Le's similar drawings presented the development of this cascade over 6 frames, like a comic.
4023:
2379:, to reverse the effects of anticoagulants, and to treat bleeding in people with impaired coagulation factor synthesis or increased consumption.
1899:
and a phospholipid as cofactors, degrades FVa and FVIIIa. Quantitative or qualitative deficiency of either (protein C or protein S) may lead to
5616:
2788:
2709:
1957, an American group identified the same factor in a Mr. Rufus Stuart. Factors XI and XIII were identified in 1953 and 1961, respectively.
1220:
2647:
1826:. In adding the gamma-carboxyl group to glutamate residues on the immature clotting factors, Vitamin K is itself oxidized. Another enzyme,
6008:
4870:
thrombophilia testing. Blood Adv. 2023 Nov 28;7(22):7101-7138. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010177. PMID 37195076; PMCID: PMC10709681.
4749:
4410:
Singh, S.; Dodt, J; Volkers, P.; Hethershaw, E.; Philippou, H.; Ivaskevicius, V.; Imhof, D.; Oldenburg, J.; Biswas, A. (5 August 2019).
1690:. Coagulation can physically trap invading microbes in blood clots. Also, some products of the coagulation system can contribute to the
4353:"Platelet-Derived Microparticles (MPs) and Thrombin Generation Velocity in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Results of a Case–Control Study"
3408:
2750:
1539:" complex, which activates FX; and so the cycle continues. ("Tenase" is a contraction of "ten" and the suffix "-ase" used for enzymes.)
4091:"New insight into the traditional model of the coagulation cascade and its regulation: illustrated review of a three-dimensional view"
2882:
3586:
4821:
Huber J, Stanworth SJ, Doree C, Fortin PM, Trivella M, Brunskill SJ, et al. (November 2019). Cochrane Haematology Group (ed.).
3371:"Platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa-like proteins mediate endothelial cell attachment to adhesive proteins and the extracellular matrix"
1726:
are involved in the coagulation system. In addition, pathogenic bacteria may secrete agents that alter the coagulation system, e.g.
2354:
are also used for sealing severe injuries quickly (such as in traumatic bleeding secondary to gunshot wounds). Thrombin and fibrin
5406:"Rethinking coagulation: from enzymatic cascade and cell-based reactions to a convergent model involving innate immune activation"
129:. Exposure of blood to the subendothelial space initiates two processes: changes in platelets, and the exposure of subendothelial
1264:
into plasmin, which promotes lysis of the fibrin clot; this restores the flow of blood in the damaged/obstructed blood vessels.
2312:
are due to acquired states (older age, surgery, cancer, immobility). Unprovoked venous thrombosis may be related to inherited
2226:
3976:
1964:
is generated by proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen, a plasma protein synthesized in the liver. This cleavage is catalyzed by
4735:
4652:
4616:
4255:
4237:
4009:
3952:
3894:
3867:
3666:
3600:
3033:
2992:
2943:
2868:
2175:
1743:
5204:
Macfarlane RG (May 1964). "An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier".
5161:
Giangrande PL (June 2003). "Six characters in search of an author: the history of the nomenclature of coagulation factors".
5877:
2067:
963:
2149:
The GP1b-IX receptor complex. This protein receptor complex is found on the surface of platelets, and in conjunction with
3709:
2222:
2214:
1739:
1576:
and FXII becomes FXIIa. FXIIa converts FXI into FXIa. Factor XIa activates FIX, which with its co-factor FVIIIa form the
1621:
The coagulation cascade is maintained in a prothrombotic state by the continued activation of FVIII and FIX to form the
5609:
4203:
2142:
Coagulation defects may cause hemorrhage or thrombosis, and occasionally both, depending on the nature of the defect.
1299:
and A1 domain. This localization of platelets to the extracellular matrix promotes collagen interaction with platelet
6003:
5925:
5920:
3315:
2450:
Anticoagulants and anti-platelet agents (together "antithrombotics") are amongst the most commonly used medications.
1618:
are formed that crosslink the fibrin polymers that form from activated monomers. This stabilizes the fibrin network.
1093:
1077:
6054:
2639:
The remainder of the biochemical factors in the process of coagulation were largely discovered in the 20th century.
2241:; however, thrombocytosis may be associated with increased risk of either thrombosis or hemorrhage in patients with
2120:. Many analysers are capable of measuring a "derived fibrinogen" level from the graph of the Prothrombin time clot.
1295:(vWF), which is released from the endothelium and from platelets; vWF forms additional links between the platelets'
2573:
2479:
2369:
2230:
17:
2050:(whether an abnormality corrects if the patient's plasma is mixed with normal plasma), coagulation factor assays,
1953:(TFPI) limits the action of tissue factor (TF). It also inhibits excessive TF-mediated activation of FVII and FX.
1903:(a tendency to develop thrombosis). Impaired action of Protein C (activated Protein C resistance), for example by
6086:
5882:
5718:
3423:
2730:
2668:, precipitated by barium sulfate) was discovered in a young female patient in 1949 and 1951 by different groups.
2520:
2380:
2210:
1950:
1557:
1515:
830:
4156:
Hoffman MM, Monroe DM. Rethinking the coagulation cascade. Curr Hematol Rep. 2005 Sep;4(5):391-6. PMID 16131441.
2282:, there is insufficient production of coagulation factors, possibly increasing risk of bleeding during surgery.
1895:. Thrombomodulin binds these proteins in such a way that it activates Protein C. The activated form, along with
5658:
2359:
2102:
2012:
1751:
400:
1389:
aid in aggregation of adjacent platelets, forming a platelet plug and thereby completing primary hemostasis).
5958:
5602:
3347:
2187:
2167:
102:, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The process of coagulation involves
4771:
5910:
5588:
2171:
2154:
1965:
1257:
1030:
188:
There are 13 traditional clotting factors, as named below, and other substances necessary for coagulation:
31:
3014:
6159:
4262:
Gene Mayer, Ph.D. Immunology Section of Microbiology and Immunology On-line. University of South Carolina
3587:"Primary and secondary hemostasis, regulators of coagulation, and fibrinolysis: Understanding the basics"
2288:
is the pathological development of blood clots. These clots may break free and become mobile, forming an
2242:
2087:
2004:
1828:
886:
3049:
1311:
Activated platelets release the contents of stored granules into the blood plasma. The granules include
4412:"Structure functional insights into calcium binding during the activation of coagulation factor XIII A"
1803:
1350:
cascade, resulting in increased calcium concentration in the platelets' cytosol. The calcium activates
1343:
1320:
1187:
718:
239:
234:
103:
4881:
2116:(TCT). Measurement of the exact amount of fibrinogen present in the blood is generally done using the
1194:, activate platelets in the bloodstream, leading to attachment of platelets' membrane receptors (e.g.
5998:
2500:
2218:
2083:
2051:
1919:
1549:
286:
2166:
Platelet disorders are either congenital or acquired. Examples of congenital platelet disorders are
2413:
was used in some forms of major surgery to decrease bleeding risk and the need for blood products.
2206:
2130:
Deficiencies of fibrinogen (quantitative or qualitative) will prolong PT, aPTT, thrombin time, and
1070:
2553:
3233:"Cancer procoagulant: a factor X activator, tumor marker and growth factor from malignant tissue"
2778:
1202:
proteins (e.g. von Willebrand factor) on cell membranes of damaged endothelial cells and exposed
357:
Required for coagulation factors to bind to phospholipids, which were formerly known as factor IV
4727:
5824:
5820:
4528:"A Comprehensive Review of Risk Factors and Thrombophilia Evaluation in Venous Thromboembolism"
4050:"Contact system revisited: an interface between inflammation, coagulation, and innate immunity"
2589:
2272:
2195:
2179:
2113:
2039:
1715:
779:
134:
4608:
4598:
2907:
6138:
5939:
5683:
5652:
2424:
2199:
2075:
1386:
1374:
1324:
1312:
1292:
1253:
1195:
1012:
769:
666:
476:
4600:
3855:
2980:
472:
Activates factors IX, X; increases rate of catalytic conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
5458:
5264:
5213:
4726:(8th ed.). Oxford, England; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers. pp.
4423:
3649:
Weisel, John W.; Litvinov, Rustem I. (2017). "Fibrin Formation, Structure and Properties".
3474:
2858:
2642:
A first clue as to the actual complexity of the system of coagulation was the discovery of
2427:. The drug prevents this protein from activating the coagulation pathway by inhibiting its
2032:
1691:
1296:
1199:
939:
922:
743:
5980:
5255:
Davie EW, Ratnoff OD (September 1964). "Waterfall sequence for intrinsic blood clotting".
3018:
3009:
8:
5990:
5967:
5948:
5930:
5625:
4183:
2388:
2071:
1719:
1288:
1214:
1164:(vasospasm or vascular spasm): Here, this refers to contraction of smooth muscles in the
1109:
993:
953:
Mediates thrombin adhesion to phospholipids and stimulates degradation of factor X by ZPI
893:
5462:
5373:
5348:
5268:
5217:
4554:
4527:
4503:
4476:
4427:
4115:
4090:
3478:
3370:
5633:
5547:
Hoffman M, Monroe DM (February 2007). "Coagulation 2006: a modern view of hemostasis".
5535:
5479:
5446:
5386:
5324:
5307:
5288:
5237:
5186:
5132:
4993:
4917:
4847:
4822:
4475:
Paulus, MC; Drent, M; Kouw, IWK; Balvers, MGJ; Bast, A; van Zanten, ARH (1 July 2024).
4452:
4411:
4387:
4352:
4328:
4293:
4195:
3831:
3796:
3685:
3567:
3148:
3113:
2834:
2809:
2620:
2205:
Decreased platelet numbers (thrombocytopenia) is due to insufficient production (e.g.,
1762:
Various substances are required for the proper functioning of the coagulation cascade:
1747:
1416:
The coagulation cascade of secondary hemostasis has two initial pathways which lead to
157:
4526:
Dicks, AB; Moussallem, E; Stanbro, M; Walls, J; Gandhi, S; Gray, BH (9 January 2024).
3772:
3747:
3585:
Blanchette, V. S.; BrandĂŁo, L. R.; Breakey, V. R.; Revel-Vilk, S. (22 December 2016).
3546:
3529:
3505:
3462:
3387:
1399:
6018:
5975:
5564:
5527:
5484:
5427:
5378:
5329:
5280:
5229:
5178:
5174:
5097:
5092:
5075:
5056:
4958:
4909:
4901:
4897:
4852:
4741:
4731:
4658:
4648:
4612:
4601:
4559:
4508:
4457:
4439:
4392:
4374:
4333:
4315:
4233:
4187:
4120:
4071:
4015:
4005:
3948:
3900:
3890:
3863:
3856:
3836:
3818:
3777:
3759:
3717:
3690:
3672:
3662:
3596:
3559:
3551:
3510:
3492:
3443:
3400:
3392:
3307:
3299:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3153:
3135:
3029:
2988:
2981:
2949:
2939:
2874:
2864:
2839:
2690:
2451:
2441:
2402:
2309:
1931:
1695:
1675:
1328:
1045:
5539:
5507:
5390:
5292:
5190:
5136:
4997:
4921:
4199:
3571:
3424:"Platelet Activation by Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Haemostasis and Thrombosis"
1481:
pathways both activate the "final common pathway" of factor X, thrombin and fibrin.
1473:. The coagulation cascade is therefore classically divided into three pathways. The
1342:), which, in turn, activate additional platelets. The granules' contents activate a
6031:
6026:
5556:
5519:
5474:
5466:
5417:
5368:
5360:
5319:
5272:
5241:
5221:
5170:
5124:
5087:
5048:
4985:
4948:
4893:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4640:
4549:
4539:
4498:
4488:
4447:
4431:
4382:
4364:
4323:
4305:
4179:
4110:
4102:
4061:
3968:
3826:
3808:
3767:
3680:
3654:
3541:
3500:
3482:
3435:
3382:
3291:
3244:
3143:
3125:
2829:
2821:
2597:
2351:
2202:, and leads to a similar bleeding pattern; its milder forms are relatively common.
2098:
2008:
1988:
1466:
1355:
1351:
1273:
1161:
901:
756:
141:
formation. Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury; this is called
5276:
4252:
3463:"Von Willebrand protein binds to extracellular matrices independently of collagen"
2674:
turned out to be deficient in the clinically recognized but etiologically elusive
1999:
Numerous medical tests are used to assess the function of the coagulation system:
1514:
The activation of FX (to form FXa) by TF-FVIIa is almost immediately inhibited by
6133:
5698:
5677:
5663:
5020:
Arthus M, Pagès C (1890). "Nouvelle theorie chimique de la coagulation du sang".
4644:
4259:
3658:
3590:
2783:
2770:
2694:
2398:
2384:
2317:
2059:
1927:
1904:
1888:
1699:
1462:
1439:
1304:
1300:
1244:
936:
Cofactor for activated protein C (APC, inactive when bound to C4b-binding protein
2552:
Theories on the coagulation of blood have existed since antiquity. Physiologist
6164:
6036:
4953:
4936:
4493:
4435:
4106:
3467:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3439:
2746:
2565:
2234:
2191:
2183:
2131:
1892:
1611:
1565:
1522:
1407:
1332:
1191:
867:
751:
598:
394:
247:
5560:
5364:
5349:"Structure and function of coagulogen, a clottable protein in horseshoe crabs"
4745:
3904:
3813:
2693:(1947–1993). His deficiency was described by Dr. Rosemary Biggs and Professor
6153:
5849:
5773:
5728:
5422:
5405:
4905:
4443:
4378:
4319:
4310:
4019:
3822:
3763:
3676:
3555:
3496:
3396:
3303:
3256:
3139:
2953:
2878:
2726:
2721:
2686:
2675:
2652:
2608:
2604:
2445:
2313:
2279:
2094:
2082:
The contact activation (intrinsic) pathway is initiated by activation of the
2043:
1900:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1811:
1787:
1750:, triggering procoagulant and proinflammatory responses such as formation of
1731:
1703:
1687:
1615:
1582:
1569:
1561:
1490:
1447:
1232:
1176:
1050:
800:
726:
312:
281:
150:
130:
107:
5451:
Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
5076:"Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet"
4167:
3001:
2576:
suggested that the conversion from fibrinogen to fibrin is the result of an
2112:
The quantitative and qualitative screening of fibrinogen is measured by the
6128:
6046:
5892:
5857:
5568:
5531:
5523:
5488:
5431:
5382:
5333:
5284:
5233:
5182:
5101:
5060:
4962:
4913:
4856:
4721:
4662:
4563:
4512:
4461:
4396:
4337:
4191:
4124:
4075:
3884:
3840:
3721:
3694:
3447:
3279:
3232:
3157:
2843:
2459:
2365:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2124:
1976:
1915:
1774:
1723:
1702:. In addition, some of the products of the coagulation system are directly
1662:
1655:
1502:
1443:
1381:. The activated platelets change shape from spherical to stellate, and the
1228:
1165:
875:
638:
563:
519:
126:
5447:"Biochemical principle of Limulus test for detecting bacterial endotoxins"
4477:"Vitamin K: a potential missing link in critical illness-a scoping review"
3999:
3781:
3563:
3514:
3487:
3404:
3311:
3264:
2979:
Lillicrap, D.; Key, Nigel; Makris, Michael; Denise, O'Shaughnessy (2009).
2933:
2736:
Factor VI is unassigned, as accelerin was found to be activated Factor V.
2503:, is under development; some members are already in clinical use (such as
2292:
or grow to such a size that occludes the vessel in which it developed. An
6078:
5900:
5835:
5806:
5753:
4599:
David Lillicrap; Nigel Key; Michael Makris; Denise O'Shaughnessy (2009).
4369:
2671:
2585:
2528:
2512:
2483:
2467:
2463:
2420:
2063:
2047:
1939:
1707:
1660:
Eventually, blood clots are reorganized and resorbed by a process termed
1526:
1261:
1169:
978:
857:
684:
492:
263:
145:
occurs simultaneously: additional coagulation factors beyond factor VII (
122:
5470:
5052:
4544:
3130:
1434:(extrinsic) pathway. The pathways are a series of reactions, in which a
6112:
5816:
5778:
5738:
5733:
5723:
5128:
4989:
4882:"Cellular mechanisms of the hemostatic effects of desmopressin (DDAVP)"
2561:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2471:
2392:
2376:
2343:
2285:
2254:
2238:
2150:
2016:
1603:
1573:
1382:
1378:
1151:
816:
788:
654:
451:
223:
177:
99:
5594:
5039:
Shapiro SS (October 2003). "Treating thrombosis in the 21st century".
4976:
Schmidt A (1872). "Neue Untersuchungen ĂĽber die Faserstoffgerinnung".
4066:
4049:
3295:
48:
5915:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5748:
5743:
5225:
3528:
Vermylen, Jos; Verstraete, Marc; Fuster, Valentin (1 December 1986).
2825:
2504:
2475:
2410:
1896:
1884:
1849:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1799:
1727:
1607:
1505:
fibroblasts and leukocytes), forming an activated complex (TF-FVIIa).
1316:
1060:
946:
929:
912:
738:
734:
730:
709:
618:
535:
273:
4350:
4089:
Troisi R, Balasco N, Autiero I, Sica F, Vitagliano L (August 2023).
3530:"Role of platelet activation and fibrin formation in thrombogenesis"
1887:
is a major physiological anticoagulant. It is a vitamin K-dependent
1710:, an amino acid produced by platelets during coagulation, can cause
1606:
to fibrin, it also activates Factors VIII and V and their inhibitor
847:
Supports reciprocal activation of factors XII, XI, and prekallikrein
149:) respond in a cascade to form fibrin strands, which strengthen the
5811:
5801:
5796:
2593:
2581:
2557:
2536:
2532:
2491:
2487:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2209:
or other bone marrow disorders), destruction by the immune system (
2106:
2024:
1868:
1837:
1833:
1807:
1778:
1643:
1553:
1494:
1493:(TF) pathway is to generate a "thrombin burst", a process by which
1470:
1370:
1224:
1203:
1130:* Vitamin K is required for biosynthesis of these clotting factors
1117:
971:
Degrades factors X (in presence of protein Z) and XI (independently
722:
579:
373:
269:
169:
111:
95:
58:
4720:
Hughes-Jones, N. C.; Wickramasinghe, S. N.; Hatton, Chris (2008).
4687:"Prothrombin Time Test and INR (PT/INR): MedlinePlus Medical Test"
3584:
3461:
Wagner, D. D.; Urban-Pickering, M.; Marder, V. J. (January 1984).
2416:
2358:
are used surgically to treat bleeding and to thrombose aneurysms.
1625:
complex until it is down-regulated by the anticoagulant pathways.
1282:
6063:
5905:
3083:"Gamma-Glutamyl Carboxylase - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
2495:
2455:
2347:
2093:
The tissue factor (extrinsic) pathway is initiated by release of
2055:
2028:
1961:
1935:
1907:
or high levels of FVIII, also may lead to a thrombotic tendency.
1770:
1667:
1635:
1435:
165:
4719:
4639:. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 992. pp. 181–92.
1791:
several coagulation factors, including coagulation Factor XIII.
323:
Co-factor of factor VIIa, which was formerly known as factor III
164:, coagulation involves both cellular components (platelets) and
5830:
5687:
5583:
3795:
Yau, Jonathan W.; Teoh, Hwee; Verma, Subodh (19 October 2015).
2577:
2428:
1923:
1782:
1622:
1577:
1536:
1458:
1418:
1121:
679:
Intrinsic; initiates clotting in vitro; also activates plasmin
557:
513:
173:
161:
138:
115:
87:
3369:
Charo, I. F.; Bekeart, L. S.; Phillips, D. R. (25 July 1987).
2596:
were identified in 1865, and their function was elucidated by
2592:
discovered in 1890 that calcium was essential in coagulation.
2097:(a specific cellular lipoprotein), and can be measured by the
1694:
by their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as
5878:
Protein Z-related protease inhibitor (ZPI) (inhibits FX, FXI)
5672:
5667:
4004:(4th ed.). London: Blackwell Science. pp. 241–243.
2678:; it was identified in the 1950s and is alternatively called
1711:
1535:
FVIIIa is the co-factor of FIXa, and together they form the "
83:
3889:(2nd ed.). Scion Publishing Limited. pp. 334–336.
3653:. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 82. pp. 405–456.
3172:"Coagulation Cascade: What Is It, Steps, and More | Osmosis"
2938:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 91.
1291:
surface receptors. This adhesion is strengthened further by
1141:
5708:
5692:
4525:
3536:. Symposium on Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Therapy—1986.
3460:
2698:
2615:(factor III) is released by damaged tissues, reacting with
2355:
2145:
1872:
Coagulation with arrows for negative and positive feedback.
704:
Common pathway; stabilizes fibrin; slows down fibrinolysis
121:
Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the
4409:
4048:
Long AT, Kenne E, Jung R, Fuchs TA, Renné T (March 2016).
3748:"Endothelial injury, vasoconstriction, and its prevention"
1511:
FVII is itself activated by thrombin, FXIa, FXII, and FXa.
30:
This article is about blood clotting. For other uses, see
4820:
3343:
Rheumatology (6th edition) | Thromboxane A2 - an overview
3023:
2685:
Factor IX was discovered in 1952 in a young patient with
2603:
The theory that thrombin is generated by the presence of
1945:
1543:
91:
4253:
Immunology – Chapter One: Innate (non-specific) immunity
4088:
3592:
SickKids Handbook of Pediatric Thrombosis and Hemostasis
3527:
2978:
2105:
value) to monitor dosing of oral anticoagulants such as
1856:) or impaired vitamin K metabolism in disease (e.g., in
1223:
formation: Near the end of the extrinsic pathway, after
988:
Plasminogen deficiency type I (ligneous conjunctivitis)
3998:
Hoffbrand, A. V.; Pettit, J. E; Moss, P. A. H. (2002).
3853:
2335:"Coagulant (drug)" redirects here. For other uses, see
5883:
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) (inhibits FIII)
5763:
4474:
2395:
is sometimes used in the treatment of major bleeding.
1983:) is released by endothelium and activates platelet G
3368:
2908:"Coagulation Factor Tests: MedlinePlus Medical Test"
2760:
2753:) which serve both hemostatic and immune functions.
2253:
The best-known coagulation factor disorders are the
1484:
985:
Converts to plasmin, lyses fibrin and other proteins
5115:Morawitz P (1905). "Die Chemie der Blutgerinnung".
4095:
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
3997:
2368:is used to improve platelet function by activating
2101:(PT) test. PT results are often reported as ratio (
1987:protein-linked receptors. This, in turn, activates
1628:
5949:Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)
4941:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
4047:
3617:"Coagulation Cascade: What Is It, Steps, and More"
2375:Coagulation factor concentrates are used to treat
2265:(factor IX deficiency or "Christmas disease") and
1814:residues on factors II, VII, IX and X, as well as
1666:. The main enzyme responsible for this process is
729:residues on factors II, VII, IX and X, as well as
6009:Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC–PCI)
4713:
2808:Furie, Barbara C.; Furie, Bruce (December 2005).
2701:at age 46. An alternative name for the factor is
2556:(1801–1858) described fibrin, the substance of a
2194:). Most are rare. They predispose to hemorrhage.
6151:
4937:"A new generation of oral direct anticoagulants"
4880:Kaufmann, J. E.; Vischer, U. M. (1 April 2003).
4227:
2972:
2932:Schmaier, Alvin H.; Lazarus, Hillard M. (2011).
2269:(factor XI deficiency, mild bleeding tendency).
2070:(dRVVT), miscellaneous platelet function tests,
1552:begins with formation of the primary complex on
1469:. The coagulation factors circulate as inactive
1227:completes conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin,
662:Activates XI, VII, prekallikrein and plasminogen
5858:Antithrombin (inhibits FII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII)
5010:Schmidt A. Zur Blutlehre. Leipzig: Vogel, 1892.
4879:
4291:
4232:. Oxford: Blackwell Science. pp. 243–245.
3942:
3882:
3854:Nigel Key; Michael Makris; et al. (2009).
3716:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2931:
2705:, given by an independent group in California.
2682:due to its capability to correct hemophilia A.
2391:are commonly used coagulation factor products.
2248:
1426:(also known as the intrinsic pathway), and the
1283:Platelet activation and platelet plug formation
512:Co-factor of factor IX with which it forms the
463:Serum Prothrombin Conversion Accelerator (SPCA)
4635:Stang, LJ; Mitchell, LG (2013). "Fibrinogen".
3648:
3230:
2789:Post-vaccination embolic and thrombotic events
2580:process, and labeled the hypothetical enzyme "
2409:reduced bleeding rate. Before its withdrawal,
2362:is used to treated gastrointestinal bleeding.
1085:Inactivates tPA and urokinase (endothelial PAI
900:Inhibits factor IIa, cofactor for heparin and
393:Co-factor of factor X with which it forms the
183:
6094:
5610:
5546:
5505:
5346:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5146:
4634:
4575:
4573:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3644:
3642:
3534:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
3338:"Chapter 23 - Inflammation and its mediators"
3231:Gordon, S. G.; Mielicki, W. P. (March 1997).
2902:
2900:
2198:is due to deficiency or abnormal function of
1104:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency
1088:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency
808:Activates XII and prekallikrein; cleaves HMWK
5549:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
5340:
5308:"The nomenclature of blood clotting factors"
5254:
5248:
5197:
4928:
4223:
4221:
4159:
3794:
3708:LaPelusa, Andrew; Dave, Heeransh D. (2023),
3707:
3595:. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers.
2850:
1765:
1150:Physiology of blood coagulation is based on
883:Inhibits factors IIa, Xa, IXa, XIa, and XIIa
748:Phytyl-substituted naphthoquinone derivative
5019:
4978:PflĂĽgers Archiv fĂĽr die gesamte Physiologie
4827:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4043:
4041:
3876:
3847:
3651:Fibrous Proteins: Structures and Mechanisms
3077:
3075:
3028:. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 18.5 Homeostasis.
2233:). An increase in platelet count is called
2027:count, platelet function testing (often by
192:Coagulation factors and related substances
6108:
6101:
6087:
5617:
5603:
5203:
5160:
5143:
5114:
4570:
4168:"Remodeling the blood coagulation cascade"
3991:
3923:
3639:
2897:
2807:
2611:in 1905. At this stage, it was known that
1879:
1239:, while the clot's outer part is shed off.
1023:Inhibits plasmin, kallikrein, and thrombin
114:, as well as deposition and maturation of
47:
5926:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2)
5921:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
5788:
5478:
5421:
5372:
5323:
5091:
4975:
4952:
4846:
4592:
4553:
4543:
4502:
4492:
4451:
4386:
4368:
4327:
4309:
4218:
4114:
4065:
3830:
3812:
3771:
3684:
3545:
3504:
3486:
3386:
3147:
3129:
2856:
2833:
2646:(initially and later called Factor V) by
1686:The coagulation system overlaps with the
1157:Hemostasis consists of four main stages:
811:Prekallikrein/Fletcher factor deficiency
776:Binds to VIII, mediates platelet adhesion
137:, which ultimately leads to cross-linked
5642:
4772:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation"
4630:
4628:
4292:Palta, A.; Palta, S.; Saroa, R. (2014).
4038:
3883:Watson, M. S.; Pallister, C. J. (2010).
3797:"Endothelial cell control of thrombosis"
3745:
3072:
2863:(2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 3–5.
2662:serum prothrombin conversion accelerator
2568:(1821–1902), and isolated chemically by
2415:
2144:
1867:
1718:by acting as a cationic detergent. Many
1681:
1406:
1398:
1140:
301:Common pathway; converted into thrombin
146:
143:primary hemostasis. Secondary hemostasis
5624:
5444:
5438:
5403:
5038:
5032:
4679:
4165:
1905:having the "Leiden" variant of Factor V
1602:Thrombin functions not only to convert
1589:
1403:The classical blood coagulation pathway
14:
6152:
5719:High-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK)
5305:
5073:
5067:
4468:
4172:Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
4082:
3947:. Scion Publishing. pp. 336–347.
3421:
3114:"The unexhausted potential of E. coli"
3111:
3060:from the original on 12 September 2023
3042:
2634:
2547:
2393:Recombinant activated human factor VII
2227:disseminated intravascular coagulation
1946:Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
1802:is an essential factor to the hepatic
1744:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
1544:Contact activation pathway (intrinsic)
1457:The coagulation factors are generally
1392:
626:Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA)
255:Common pathway; converted into fibrin
6082:
5598:
5404:Yong, J; Toh, CH (21 December 2023).
4886:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
4625:
4519:
4246:
4054:Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
3979:from the original on 11 December 2016
3627:from the original on 8 September 2023
3411:from the original on 15 October 2023.
3277:
3182:from the original on 8 September 2023
2814:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
2161:
1994:
1454:appended to indicate an active form.
1235:until its inner part is dissolved by
550:plasma thromboplastin component (PTC)
272:, factors I, V, VII, VIII, XI, XIII,
5397:
5353:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
5312:Canadian Medical Association Journal
4934:
4776:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
4752:from the original on 8 February 2022
4294:"Overview of the coagulation system"
4206:from the original on 8 February 2022
4026:from the original on 8 February 2022
3911:from the original on 8 February 2022
3237:Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis
3112:Blount, Zachary D. (25 March 2015).
2960:from the original on 8 February 2022
2801:
1740:damage-associated molecular patterns
964:Protein Z-related protease inhibitor
695:Congenital factor XIIIa/b deficiency
6004:Thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT)
5041:The New England Journal of Medicine
4603:Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis
4357:Vascular Health and Risk Management
3858:Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis
3375:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2983:Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis
2521:directly acting oral anticoagulants
2405:inhibit fibrinolysis and lead to a
2223:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
2215:thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
1521:FXa and its co-factor FVa form the
1267:
228:Forms fibrin threads in blood clots
57:showing the central role played by
27:Process of formation of blood clots
24:
5911:Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
5868:Protein S (cofactor for protein C)
5508:"A cell-based model of hemostasis"
5506:Hoffman M, Monroe DM (June 2001).
5499:
4184:10.1023/B:THRO.0000014588.95061.28
3728:from the original on 12 March 2023
3318:from the original on 2 August 2022
3089:. 9 September 2023. Archived from
2137:
1377:, increasing its affinity to bind
1120:; linked to thrombosis in various
25:
6176:
5576:
5347:Osaki T, Kawabata S (June 2004).
4782:from the original on 12 July 2021
3422:Watson, Steve P. (1 April 2009).
3280:"Physiology of blood coagulation"
2987:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1–5.
2627:, which converts fibrinogen into
2435:
2337:Coagulant (drug) (disambiguation)
2237:, which may lead to formation of
2068:dilute Russell's viper venom time
1485:Tissue factor pathway (extrinsic)
1438:(inactive enzyme precursor) of a
1243:After the fibrin clot is formed,
1094:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2
1078:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
5582:
5175:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04333.x
5093:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06036.x
4898:10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00190.x
3943:Pallister CJ, Watson MS (2010).
3249:10.1097/00001721-199703000-00001
3212:from the original on 11 May 2023
3202:"VWF gene: MedlinePlus Genetics"
3013: This article incorporates
3008:
2885:from the original on 10 May 2017
2763:
2739:
2480:glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
2370:arginine vasopressin receptor 1A
2328:
2231:heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
2088:activated partial thromboplastin
1629:Cell-based scheme of coagulation
919:Inactivates factors Va and VIIIa
717:Essential factor to the hepatic
268:Its active form (IIa) activates
5999:Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2)
5659:Platelet membrane glycoproteins
5299:
5108:
5013:
5004:
4969:
4873:
4863:
4814:
4804:
4794:
4764:
4704:
4669:
4583:
4403:
4344:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4150:
4140:
4131:
3961:
3788:
3739:
3701:
3609:
3578:
3521:
3454:
3415:
3362:
3330:
3271:
3224:
3194:
3164:
2731:high-molecular-weight kininogen
2715:
2703:plasma thromboplastin component
2381:Prothrombin complex concentrate
2323:
2211:immune thrombocytopenic purpura
1971:
1951:Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
1910:
1781:membrane) are required for the
1649:
1558:high-molecular-weight kininogen
1516:tissue factor pathway inhibitor
907:Heparin cofactor II deficiency
831:High-molecular-weight kininogen
527:Platelets and endothelial cells
5863:Protein C (inhibits FV, FVIII)
5163:British Journal of Haematology
5080:British Journal of Haematology
4839:10.1002/14651858.CD012745.pub2
3862:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 2.
3105:
2925:
2360:Hemostatic Powder Spray TC-325
1752:neutrophil extracellular traps
1614:). By activating Factor XIII,
1508:TF-FVIIa activates FIX and FX.
604:Congenital Factor X deficiency
401:Activated protein C resistance
368:Entire process of coagulation
13:
1:
5277:10.1126/science.145.3638.1310
4298:Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
3752:Texas Heart Institute Journal
3547:10.1016/S0735-1097(86)80002-X
3428:Current Pharmaceutical Design
3388:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61053-1
2794:
2188:delta storage pool deficiency
2086:, and can be measured by the
1863:
1136:
1101:Inactivates tPA and urokinase
506:Antihemophilic globulin (AHG)
4645:10.1007/978-1-62703-339-8_14
4607:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp.
4532:Journal of Clinical Medicine
3801:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
3659:10.1007/978-3-319-49674-0_13
2810:"Thrombus formation in vivo"
2613:thrombokinase/thromboplastin
2304:and often leads to ischemic
2249:Coagulation factor disorders
2176:glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex
1966:tissue plasminogen activator
1794:
1757:
1354:, which, in turn, activates
1258:tissue plasminogen activator
1175:Activation of platelets and
1031:Tissue plasminogen activator
429:(activated form of factor V)
365:Diet, platelets, bone matrix
206:Associated genetic disorders
32:Coagulation (disambiguation)
7:
5739:Factor XII (Hageman factor)
5653:von Willebrand factor (vWF)
5306:Wright IS (February 1962).
4166:Hoffman, M. (August 2003).
3050:"Prothrombin thrombophilia"
2935:Concise guide to hematology
2857:Michelson, Alan D. (2006).
2756:
2619:(II), which, together with
2257:. The three main forms are
2243:myeloproliferative neoplasm
2052:antiphospholipid antibodies
1934:) or the administration of
1829:Vitamin K epoxide reductase
887:Antithrombin III deficiency
597:Activates factor II, forms
503:Antihemophilic factor (AHF)
331:Damaged cells and platelets
184:List of coagulation factors
160:throughout biology. In all
53:Blood coagulation pathways
10:
6181:
6059:-antiplasmin complex (PAP)
5774:Factor III (tissue factor)
5512:Thrombosis and Haemostasis
4954:10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.242834
4494:10.1186/s13054-024-05001-2
4436:10.1038/s41598-019-47815-z
4107:10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102160
3540:(6, Supplement 2): 2B–9B.
3440:10.2174/138161209787846702
3358:– via ScienceDirect.
2660:Factor VII (also known as
2542:
2501:direct thrombin inhibitors
2439:
2334:
2296:is said to occur when the
2261:(factor VIII deficiency),
2168:Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
1956:
1942:) leads to thrombophilia.
1804:gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
1746:, which are recognized by
1653:
1599:more platelet activation.
1550:contact activation pathway
1424:contact activation pathway
1321:platelet-activating factor
1271:
1188:platelet activating factor
1116:Pathological activator of
870:with fibronectin deposits
719:gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
556:Activates factor X, forms
240:Familial renal amyloidosis
235:Congenital afibrinogenemia
82:, is the process by which
29:
6119:
6045:
6017:
5989:
5966:
5957:
5891:
5848:
5787:
5762:
5707:
5641:
5632:
5561:10.1016/j.hoc.2006.11.004
5365:10.1007/s00018-004-3396-5
4228:Hoffbrand, A. V. (2002).
3814:10.1186/s12872-015-0124-z
2745:blood coagulation is the
2560:. Its soluble precursor,
2486:. Of the anticoagulants,
2308:of tissue. Most cases of
2219:hemolytic-uremic syndrome
2213:), or consumption (e.g.,
2084:contact activation system
1920:serine protease inhibitor
1766:Calcium and phospholipids
1525:complex, which activates
1422:formation. These are the
1303:. Binding of collagen to
1129:
692:Crosslinks fibrin threads
689:Fibrin-stabilizing factor
287:Prothrombin thrombophilia
65:
46:
41:
5981:β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG)
5423:10.1182/blood.2023021166
5022:Arch Physiol Norm Pathol
4311:10.4103/0019-5049.144643
3973:Clotbase.bicnirrh.res.in
3710:"Physiology, Hemostasis"
3026:Anatomy & Physiology
2207:myelodysplastic syndrome
2172:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
2155:Bernard–Soulier syndrome
2011:(also used to determine
1670:, which is regulated by
1348:-linked protein receptor
1071:Quebec platelet disorder
613:Extrinsic and intrinsic
560:complex with factor VIII
411:Extrinsic and intrinsic
362:Inorganic ions in plasma
5976:Platelet factor 4 (PF4)
5873:Protein Z (inhibits FX)
5807:Prothrombin (factor II)
5445:Iwanaga, S (May 2007).
4258:21 October 2014 at the
2779:Agglutination (biology)
2680:antihemophilic globulin
2118:Clauss fibrinogen assay
2021:Clauss fibrinogen assay
1880:Protein C and Protein S
1007:Antiplasmin deficiency
629:Antihemophilic factor C
544:Antihemophilic factor B
500:Antihemophilic factor A
6032:Fibrinopeptide B (FpB)
6027:Fibrinopeptide A (FpA)
5699:Glycoprotein VI (GPVI)
5664:Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)
5524:10.1055/s-0037-1615947
5074:Brewer DB (May 2006).
4935:Soff GA (March 2012).
2432:
2273:Von Willebrand disease
2196:Von Willebrand disease
2180:gray platelet syndrome
2158:
2114:thrombin clotting time
2058:, genetic tests (e.g.
2019:testing (often by the
1889:serine protease enzyme
1873:
1716:Gram-positive bacteria
1413:
1404:
1254:Plasminogen activators
1206:at the site of injury.
1147:
904:("minor antithrombin")
864:Mediates cell adhesion
780:von Willebrand disease
156:Coagulation is highly
135:coagulation factor VII
131:platelet tissue factor
6139:Platelet adhesiveness
5850:Anticoagulant factors
5817:Fibrinogen (factor I)
5812:Thrombin (factor IIa)
5684:Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
5678:Glycoprotein IX (GP9)
5645:(platelet activation)
4230:Essential haematology
4001:Essential Haematology
3746:Loscalzo, J. (1995).
3488:10.1073/pnas.81.2.471
3278:Bloom, A. L. (1990).
2584:" and its precursor "
2570:Prosper Sylvain Denis
2425:coagulation factor Xa
2419:
2200:von Willebrand factor
2148:
2076:euglobulin lysis time
1871:
1682:Role in immune system
1566:FXII (Hageman factor)
1489:The main role of the
1428:tissue factor pathway
1410:
1402:
1387:glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
1375:glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
1293:von Willebrand factor
1196:glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
1182:Platelet activation:
1144:
1067:Activates plasminogen
1038:Activates plasminogen
823:Activates plasminogen
770:von Willebrand factor
667:Hereditary angioedema
601:complex with factor V
524:Plasma protein factor
477:factor VII deficiency
427:old name of factor Va
317:tissue thromboplastin
289:(Prothrombin G20210A)
6037:Fibrin monomers (FM)
5893:Fibrinolytic factors
5711:(contact activation)
5591:at Wikimedia Commons
4370:10.2147/VHRM.S236286
3969:"Coagulation Factor"
3017:available under the
2607:was consolidated by
2564:, was thus named by
2452:Anti-platelet agents
2278:In acute or chronic
2033:thrombodynamics test
1720:acute-phase proteins
1692:innate immune system
1610:(in the presence of
1590:Final common pathway
1297:glycoprotein Ib/IX/V
1237:fibrinolytic enzymes
1200:extracellular matrix
1172:(blood vessel wall).
957:Protein Z deficiency
940:Protein S deficiency
923:Protein C deficiency
851:Kininogen deficiency
744:Vitamin K deficiency
588:Stuart-Prower factor
432:accelerin (formerly)
5991:Thrombin generation
5968:Platelet activation
5959:Coagulation markers
5634:Coagulation factors
5626:Coagulation cascade
5471:10.2183/pjab.83.110
5463:2007PJAB...83..110I
5269:1964Sci...145.1310D
5263:(3638): 1310–1312.
5218:1964Natur.202..498M
5053:10.1056/NEJMe038152
4545:10.3390/jcm13020362
4428:2019NatSR...911324S
3479:1984PNAS...81..471W
3350:on 9 September 2023
3131:10.7554/eLife.05826
3093:on 9 September 2023
2635:Coagulation factors
2548:Initial discoveries
2389:fresh frozen plasma
2346:chemicals, such as
2074:(TEG or Sonoclot),
2072:thromboelastography
2066:mutation G20210A),
1748:toll-like receptors
1595:extrinsic pathway.
1450:, with a lowercase
1393:Coagulation cascade
1289:glycoprotein Ia/IIa
1215:Coagulation cascade
1184:Platelet activators
1110:Cancer procoagulant
894:Heparin cofactor II
635:Activates factor IX
328:Lipoprotein mixture
193:
110:and aggregation of
6160:Coagulation system
5831:Fibrin (factor Ia)
5643:Primary hemostasis
5129:10.1007/BF02321003
4990:10.1007/BF01612263
4416:Scientific Reports
3290:(Suppl 1): 14–29.
2433:
2429:enzymatic activity
2423:drug bound to the
2162:Platelet disorders
2159:
2090:time (aPTT) test.
1995:Medical assessment
1874:
1696:chemotactic agents
1676:plasmin inhibitors
1672:plasmin activators
1479:contact activation
1414:
1405:
1369:then modifies the
1148:
784:Blood glycoprotein
191:
6147:
6146:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6019:Fibrin generation
5844:
5843:
5764:Extrinsic pathway
5709:Intrinsic pathway
5587:Media related to
5416:(25): 2133–2145.
5359:(11): 1257–1265.
5212:(4931): 498–499.
5047:(18): 1762–1764.
4737:978-1-4051-8050-4
4654:978-1-62703-338-1
4618:978-1-4051-8460-1
4239:978-0-632-05153-3
4067:10.1111/jth.13235
4011:978-0-632-05153-3
3954:978-1-904842-39-2
3896:978-1-904842-39-2
3869:978-1-4051-8460-1
3668:978-3-319-49672-6
3602:978-3-318-03026-6
3434:(12): 1358–1372.
3381:(21): 9935–9938.
3296:10.1159/000216159
3035:978-1-947172-04-3
2994:978-1-4051-8460-1
2945:978-1-4051-9666-6
2870:978-0-08-046586-9
2820:(12): 3355–3362.
2691:Stephen Christmas
2574:Alexander Schmidt
2478:; the parenteral
2442:Antiplatelet drug
2403:aminocaproic acid
2352:hemostatic agents
2310:venous thrombosis
1932:glycosaminoglycan
1777:(constituents of
1385:cross-links with
1329:platelet factor 4
1260:(t-PA), activate
1134:
1133:
1046:hyperfibrinolysis
838:Fitzgerald factor
73:
72:
16:(Redirected from
6172:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6080:
6079:
5964:
5963:
5639:
5638:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5596:
5595:
5586:
5572:
5543:
5493:
5492:
5482:
5442:
5436:
5435:
5425:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5376:
5344:
5338:
5337:
5327:
5303:
5297:
5296:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5226:10.1038/202498a0
5201:
5195:
5194:
5158:
5141:
5140:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5095:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4956:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4877:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4833:(11): CD012745.
4818:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4683:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4606:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4567:
4557:
4547:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4506:
4496:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4455:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4390:
4372:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4331:
4313:
4289:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3940:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3861:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3834:
3816:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3688:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3549:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3490:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3390:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3346:. Archived from
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3151:
3133:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2986:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2826:10.1172/JCI26987
2805:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2733:, respectively.
2656:
2598:Giulio Bizzozero
2482:are used during
2239:thromboembolisms
2099:prothrombin time
1989:adenylyl cyclase
1700:phagocytic cells
1572:is converted to
1467:transglutaminase
1463:serine proteases
1352:protein kinase C
1274:Vasoconstriction
1268:Vasoconstriction
1247:occurs and then
1162:Vasoconstriction
1004:Inhibits plasmin
902:dermatan sulfate
714:Clotting vitamin
701:Liver, platelets
670:
547:Christmas factor
408:Liver, platelets
209:Type of molecule
194:
190:
98:. It results in
78:, also known as
51:
39:
38:
21:
18:Clotting factors
6180:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6134:Clot retraction
6115:
6107:
6077:
6068:
6058:
6041:
6013:
5985:
5953:
5943:
5934:
5887:
5840:
5783:
5766:(tissue factor)
5765:
5758:
5710:
5703:
5644:
5628:
5623:
5579:
5502:
5500:Further reading
5497:
5496:
5443:
5439:
5402:
5398:
5345:
5341:
5304:
5300:
5253:
5249:
5202:
5198:
5159:
5144:
5113:
5109:
5072:
5068:
5037:
5033:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5005:
4974:
4970:
4933:
4929:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4864:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4795:
4785:
4783:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4738:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4691:medlineplus.gov
4685:
4684:
4680:
4674:
4670:
4655:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4571:
4524:
4520:
4473:
4469:
4408:
4404:
4349:
4345:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4260:Wayback Machine
4251:
4247:
4240:
4226:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4164:
4160:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4087:
4083:
4046:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4012:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3941:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3852:
3848:
3793:
3789:
3744:
3740:
3731:
3729:
3706:
3702:
3669:
3647:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3621:www.osmosis.org
3615:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3583:
3579:
3526:
3522:
3459:
3455:
3420:
3416:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3276:
3272:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3206:medlineplus.gov
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3176:www.osmosis.org
3170:
3169:
3165:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2912:medlineplus.gov
2906:
2905:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2871:
2855:
2851:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2784:Antihemorrhagic
2771:Medicine portal
2769:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2742:
2718:
2695:R.G. MacFarlane
2650:
2637:
2554:Johannes MĂĽller
2550:
2545:
2448:
2440:Main articles:
2438:
2399:Tranexamic acid
2385:cryoprecipitate
2340:
2331:
2326:
2318:factor V Leiden
2251:
2164:
2140:
2138:Role in disease
2060:factor V Leiden
1997:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1959:
1948:
1928:heparan sulfate
1913:
1882:
1866:
1797:
1768:
1760:
1706:. For example,
1684:
1658:
1652:
1631:
1592:
1546:
1487:
1440:serine protease
1395:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:phospholipase A
1347:
1341:
1336:
1305:glycoprotein VI
1301:glycoprotein VI
1285:
1276:
1270:
1249:clot resolution
1245:clot retraction
1139:
1055:
1016:
997:
844:
805:Fletcher factor
792:
787:Blood vessels'
761:dietary sources
760:
754:
665:
632:
594:
553:
509:
469:
435:
428:
426:
390:
354:
320:
292:
244:
186:
86:changes from a
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6178:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6106:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6083:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6023:
6021:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5944:-Macroglobulin
5941:
5937:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5854:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5793:
5791:
5789:Common pathway
5785:
5784:
5782:
5781:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5690:
5681:
5675:
5670:
5655:
5649:
5647:
5636:
5630:
5629:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5578:
5577:External links
5575:
5574:
5573:
5544:
5518:(6): 958–965.
5501:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5437:
5396:
5339:
5318:(8): 373–374.
5298:
5247:
5196:
5169:(5): 703–712.
5142:
5117:Ergebn Physiol
5107:
5086:(3): 251–258.
5066:
5031:
5012:
5003:
4968:
4947:(3): 569–574.
4927:
4892:(4): 682–689.
4872:
4862:
4813:
4803:
4793:
4763:
4736:
4712:
4703:
4678:
4668:
4653:
4624:
4617:
4591:
4582:
4569:
4518:
4467:
4402:
4343:
4304:(5): 515–523.
4284:
4274:
4264:
4245:
4238:
4217:
4178:(1–2): 17–20.
4158:
4149:
4139:
4130:
4081:
4060:(3): 427–437.
4037:
4010:
3990:
3960:
3953:
3922:
3895:
3875:
3868:
3846:
3787:
3758:(2): 180–184.
3738:
3700:
3667:
3638:
3608:
3601:
3577:
3520:
3473:(2): 471–475.
3453:
3414:
3361:
3329:
3270:
3223:
3193:
3163:
3104:
3071:
3041:
3034:
3000:
2993:
2971:
2944:
2924:
2896:
2869:
2849:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2758:
2755:
2747:horseshoe crab
2741:
2738:
2722:Roman numerals
2717:
2714:
2636:
2633:
2566:Rudolf Virchow
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2437:
2436:Anticoagulants
2434:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2314:thrombophilias
2250:
2247:
2235:thrombocytosis
2192:dense granules
2184:alpha granules
2163:
2160:
2139:
2136:
2132:reptilase time
2080:
2079:
2036:
1996:
1993:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1958:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1912:
1909:
1893:thrombomodulin
1881:
1878:
1865:
1862:
1796:
1793:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1756:
1683:
1680:
1654:Main article:
1651:
1648:
1630:
1627:
1616:covalent bonds
1612:thrombomodulin
1591:
1588:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1523:prothrombinase
1519:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1486:
1483:
1448:Roman numerals
1394:
1391:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1284:
1281:
1272:Main article:
1269:
1266:
1241:
1240:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1192:thromboxane A2
1173:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1017:-Macroglobulin
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
995:
990:
989:
986:
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
969:
966:
960:
959:
954:
951:
949:
943:
942:
937:
934:
932:
926:
925:
920:
917:
915:
909:
908:
905:
898:
896:
890:
889:
884:
881:
879:
872:
871:
868:Glomerulopathy
865:
862:
860:
854:
853:
848:
845:
843:
842:
839:
835:
833:
827:
826:
824:
821:
819:
813:
812:
809:
806:
803:
797:
796:
794:
785:
782:
777:
774:
772:
766:
765:
762:
752:Gut microbiota
749:
746:
741:
715:
712:
706:
705:
702:
699:
698:Plasma protein
696:
693:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
674:
673:Plasma protein
671:
663:
660:
659:Hageman factor
657:
651:
650:
647:
644:
643:Plasma protein
641:
636:
633:
631:
630:
627:
623:
621:
615:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:prothrombinase
595:
593:
592:
589:
585:
583:
576:
575:
572:
569:
568:Plasma protein
566:
561:
554:
552:
551:
548:
545:
541:
539:
532:
531:
528:
525:
522:
517:
510:
508:
507:
504:
501:
497:
495:
489:
488:
485:
482:
481:Plasma protein
479:
473:
470:
468:
467:
464:
461:
457:
455:
448:
447:
445:
442:
439:
436:
434:
433:
430:
419:
417:
413:
412:
409:
406:
405:Plasma protein
403:
398:
395:prothrombinase
391:
389:
388:
385:
382:
378:
376:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
352:
349:
346:
342:
340:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
318:
315:
309:
307:
303:
302:
299:
296:
295:Plasma protein
293:
291:
290:
284:
278:
276:
266:
261:
257:
256:
253:
250:
248:Plasma protein
245:
243:
242:
237:
231:
229:
226:
221:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
185:
182:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6177:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6104:
6099:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5988:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5938:
5936:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5729:Prekallikrein
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5682:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5620:
5615:
5613:
5608:
5606:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5590:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5490:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5441:
5433:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5400:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5343:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5302:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5251:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5111:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5070:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5007:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4931:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4866:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4817:
4807:
4797:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4716:
4707:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4614:
4610:
4605:
4604:
4595:
4586:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4522:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4481:Critical Care
4478:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4278:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4241:
4235:
4231:
4224:
4222:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4153:
4143:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4101:(6): 102160.
4100:
4096:
4092:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4042:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3850:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3092:
3088:
3087:ScienceDirect
3084:
3078:
3076:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2740:Other species
2737:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:prekallikrein
2723:
2720:The usage of
2713:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2609:Paul Morawitz
2606:
2605:tissue factor
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:(1799–1863).
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2490:(and related
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2446:Anticoagulant
2443:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2329:Procoagulants
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2280:liver failure
2276:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2095:tissue factor
2091:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:bleeding time
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:thrombophilia
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1858:liver failure
1855:
1854:malabsorption
1851:
1847:
1846:phenprocoumon
1843:
1842:acenocoumarol
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:glutamic acid
1809:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1789:
1788:microvesicles
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:phospholipids
1772:
1763:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1732:streptokinase
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:antimicrobial
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1688:immune system
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1584:
1583:prekallikrein
1579:
1575:
1571:
1570:Prekallikrein
1567:
1563:
1562:prekallikrein
1559:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1491:tissue factor
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:tissue factor
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:tissue factor
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1337:
1333:thromboxane A
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1233:wound healing
1230:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:platelet plug
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:Thrombophilia
1049:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
999:
992:
991:
987:
984:
982:
980:
977:
976:
973:
970:
967:
965:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
950:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
933:
931:
928:
927:
924:
921:
918:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
903:
899:
897:
895:
892:
891:
888:
885:
882:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
863:
861:
859:
856:
855:
852:
849:
846:
840:
837:
836:
834:
832:
829:
828:
825:
822:
820:
818:
815:
814:
810:
807:
804:
802:
801:Prekallikrein
799:
798:
795:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
775:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
758:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:glutamic acid
724:
720:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
675:
672:
668:
664:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
634:
628:
625:
624:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
596:
591:Stuart factor
590:
587:
586:
584:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
567:
565:
562:
559:
555:
549:
546:
543:
542:
540:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
523:
521:
518:
515:
511:
505:
502:
499:
498:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
483:
480:
478:
474:
471:
466:Stable factor
465:
462:
459:
458:
456:
453:
450:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
431:
424:
421:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
404:
402:
399:
396:
392:
386:
384:labile factor
383:
380:
379:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
364:
361:
359:
356:
350:
347:
344:
343:
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
327:
325:
322:
316:
314:
313:Tissue factor
311:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
297:
294:
288:
285:
283:
282:Thrombophilia
280:
279:
277:
275:
271:
267:
265:
262:
259:
258:
254:
251:
249:
246:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
219:
218:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
195:
189:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:proteinaceous
163:
159:
154:
152:
151:platelet plug
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:that lines a
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
68:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6129:Fibrinolysis
6123:
6109:
6064:D-Dimer (DD)
6047:Fibrinolysis
5935:-Antiplasmin
5657:
5552:
5548:
5515:
5511:
5457:(4): 110–9.
5454:
5450:
5440:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5356:
5352:
5342:
5315:
5311:
5301:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5166:
5162:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5083:
5079:
5069:
5044:
5040:
5034:
5025:
5021:
5015:
5006:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4865:
4830:
4826:
4816:
4806:
4801:PMC11007487.
4796:
4784:. Retrieved
4775:
4766:
4754:. Retrieved
4722:
4715:
4706:
4694:. Retrieved
4690:
4681:
4671:
4636:
4602:
4594:
4585:
4580:PMC10816375.
4535:
4531:
4521:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4422:(1): 11324.
4419:
4415:
4405:
4360:
4356:
4346:
4301:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4248:
4229:
4208:. Retrieved
4175:
4171:
4161:
4152:
4142:
4133:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4057:
4053:
4028:. Retrieved
4000:
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3972:
3963:
3944:
3913:. Retrieved
3885:
3878:
3857:
3849:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3730:, retrieved
3713:
3703:
3650:
3629:. Retrieved
3620:
3611:
3591:
3580:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3348:the original
3342:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3287:
3283:
3273:
3243:(2): 73–86.
3240:
3236:
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3205:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3175:
3166:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:the original
3086:
3064:11 September
3062:. Retrieved
3053:
3044:
3025:
3007:
3003:
2982:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2934:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2911:
2887:. Retrieved
2859:
2852:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2743:
2735:
2719:
2716:Nomenclature
2711:
2707:
2702:
2687:hemophilia B
2684:
2679:
2676:hemophilia A
2670:
2666:proconvertin
2665:
2661:
2659:
2644:proaccelerin
2643:
2641:
2638:
2628:
2624:
2623:(IV), forms
2616:
2612:
2602:
2551:
2460:dipyridamole
2449:
2406:
2397:
2374:
2366:Desmopressin
2364:
2350:, and other
2341:
2332:
2324:Pharmacology
2284:
2277:
2271:
2267:hemophilia C
2263:hemophilia B
2259:hemophilia A
2252:
2204:
2165:
2141:
2129:
2125:hemophilia A
2122:
2117:
2111:
2092:
2081:
2020:
1998:
1977:Prostacyclin
1975:
1972:Prostacyclin
1960:
1949:
1916:Antithrombin
1914:
1911:Antithrombin
1883:
1875:
1836:and related
1827:
1806:that adds a
1798:
1769:
1761:
1736:
1724:inflammation
1685:
1663:fibrinolysis
1661:
1659:
1656:Fibrinolysis
1650:Fibrinolysis
1641:
1634:
1632:
1620:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1547:
1529:to thrombin.
1488:
1478:
1474:
1456:
1451:
1444:glycoprotein
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1415:
1396:
1310:
1286:
1277:
1242:
1229:factor XIIIa
1166:tunica media
1156:
1149:
998:-Antiplasmin
876:Antithrombin
721:that adds a
639:Hemophilia C
564:Hemophilia B
520:Hemophilia A
460:Proconvertin
422:
381:Proaccelerin
348:Calcium ions
187:
155:
147:listed below
142:
127:blood vessel
120:
94:, forming a
79:
75:
74:
54:
36:
6124:Coagulation
6110:Coagulation
5901:Plasminogen
5836:Factor XIII
5754:Factor VIII
5589:Coagulation
5555:(1): 1–11.
5123:: 307–422.
4984:: 413–538.
4723:Haematology
4637:Haemostasis
4363:: 489–495.
4147:PMC9035508.
3945:Haematology
3886:Haematology
3284:Haemostasis
3216:8 September
3186:8 September
3097:9 September
3054:MedlinePlus
2672:Factor VIII
2651: [
2617:prothrombin
2586:prothrombin
2529:rivaroxaban
2513:bivalirudin
2484:angioplasty
2468:clopidogrel
2464:ticlopidine
2421:Rivaroxaban
2342:The use of
2255:hemophilias
2190:(deficient
2182:(deficient
2064:prothrombin
2048:mixing test
1940:proteinuria
1708:beta-lysine
1527:prothrombin
1262:plasminogen
1221:Fibrin clot
1179:formation:
1170:endothelium
1035:t-PA or TPA
979:Plasminogen
858:Fibronectin
793:bone marrow
685:Factor XIII
493:Factor VIII
475:Congenital
387:Ac-globulin
264:Prothrombin
215:Pathway(s)
197:Number/Name
123:endothelium
76:Coagulation
42:Coagulation
6154:Categories
6113:physiology
5779:Factor VII
5734:Kallikrein
5724:Bradykinin
5028:: 739–746.
4756:8 February
4746:1058077604
4538:(2): 362.
4487:(1): 212.
4210:8 February
4030:8 February
3915:8 February
3905:1023165019
3732:15 October
3714:StatPearls
3631:15 October
3354:15 October
3322:15 October
3124:: e05826.
2964:8 February
2889:8 February
2795:References
2648:Paul Owren
2562:fibrinogen
2525:dabigatran
2517:dabigatran
2509:argatroban
2472:ticagrelor
2377:hemophilia
2286:Thrombosis
2174:(abnormal
2017:fibrinogen
1864:Regulators
1604:fibrinogen
1574:kallikrein
1383:fibrinogen
1379:fibrinogen
1256:, such as
1186:, such as
1152:hemostasis
1137:Physiology
817:Kallikrein
789:endothelia
764:Extrinsic
655:Factor XII
649:Intrinsic
574:Intrinsic
530:Intrinsic
487:Extrinsic
452:Factor VII
423:Unassigned
334:Extrinsic
306:Factor III
260:Factor II*
224:Fibrinogen
200:Synonym(s)
178:thrombosis
170:hemorrhage
104:activation
100:hemostasis
96:blood clot
69:Beneficial
6055:Plasmin-α
5916:Urokinase
5749:Factor IX
5744:Factor XI
4906:1538-7836
4811:38702892.
4676:32049377.
4444:2045-2322
4379:1176-6344
4320:0019-5049
4282:37890148.
4272:26485450.
4020:898998816
3823:1471-2261
3764:0730-2347
3677:0306-0225
3556:0735-1097
3497:0027-8424
3397:0021-9258
3304:0301-0147
3257:0957-5235
3140:2050-084X
3019:CC BY 4.0
2954:779160978
2879:909782638
2860:Platelets
2751:hemocytes
2600:in 1882.
2594:Platelets
2578:enzymatic
2505:lepirudin
2492:coumarins
2476:prasugrel
2411:aprotinin
2344:adsorbent
1897:protein S
1885:Protein C
1850:dicumarol
1838:coumarins
1824:Protein Z
1820:Protein C
1816:Protein S
1810:group to
1800:Vitamin K
1795:Vitamin K
1758:Cofactors
1728:coagulase
1644:platelets
1608:protein C
1373:membrane
1317:serotonin
1168:layer of
1061:Urokinase
1044:Familial
947:Protein Z
930:Protein S
913:Protein C
739:Protein Z
735:Protein C
731:Protein S
725:group to
710:Vitamin K
619:Factor XI
536:Factor IX
416:Factor VI
339:Factor IV
274:protein C
270:platelets
158:conserved
112:platelets
5802:Factor V
5797:Factor X
5569:17258114
5540:18681597
5532:11434702
5489:24019589
5432:37890148
5391:24537601
5383:15170505
5374:11138774
5334:14008442
5293:34111840
5285:14173416
5234:14167839
5191:22694905
5183:12780784
5137:84003009
5102:16643426
5061:14585945
4998:37273997
4963:22345595
4922:30749769
4914:12871401
4857:31778223
4780:Archived
4750:Archived
4696:28 April
4663:23546714
4564:38256496
4555:10816375
4513:38956732
4504:11218309
4462:31383913
4397:33273818
4338:25535411
4256:Archived
4204:Archived
4200:19974377
4192:14760207
4125:37727847
4116:10506138
4076:26707513
4024:Archived
3977:Archived
3909:Archived
3841:26481314
3726:archived
3722:31424847
3695:28101869
3625:Archived
3572:23789418
3448:19355974
3409:Archived
3316:Archived
3210:Archived
3180:Archived
3158:25807083
3058:Archived
3021:license.
2958:Archived
2917:27 April
2883:Archived
2844:16322780
2757:See also
2625:thrombin
2582:thrombin
2558:thrombus
2537:edoxaban
2533:apixaban
2488:warfarin
2454:include
2407:de facto
2348:zeolites
2306:necrosis
2302:ischemia
2298:thrombus
2294:embolism
2107:warfarin
2025:platelet
2003:Common:
1936:heparins
1840:such as
1834:warfarin
1808:carboxyl
1779:platelet
1714:of many
1560:(HMWK),
1554:collagen
1495:thrombin
1471:zymogens
1442:and its
1371:integrin
1225:thrombin
1204:collagen
1118:factor X
723:carboxyl
669:type III
580:Factor X
374:Factor V
220:Factor I
203:Function
174:bruising
108:adhesion
80:clotting
59:thrombin
5906:Plasmin
5480:3756735
5459:Bibcode
5325:1848865
5265:Bibcode
5257:Science
5242:4214940
5214:Bibcode
4848:6993082
4786:12 July
4453:6683118
4424:Bibcode
4388:7705281
4329:4260295
3832:4617895
3807:: 130.
3782:7647603
3686:5536120
3564:3537069
3515:6320190
3475:Bibcode
3405:2440865
3312:2083865
3265:9518049
3149:4373459
2835:1297262
2621:calcium
2543:History
2496:heparin
2456:aspirin
2316:(e.g.,
2290:embolus
2186:), and
2056:D-dimer
2038:Other:
2029:PFA-100
1962:Plasmin
1957:Plasmin
1771:Calcium
1668:plasmin
1636:in vivo
1518:(TFPI).
1503:stromal
1461:called
1459:enzymes
1436:zymogen
1323:(PAF),
1146:(blue).
1122:cancers
757:E. coli
607:Protein
516:complex
397:complex
351:Ca ions
345:Calcium
162:mammals
55:in vivo
5693:GPIIIa
5567:
5538:
5530:
5487:
5477:
5430:
5389:
5381:
5371:
5332:
5322:
5291:
5283:
5240:
5232:
5206:Nature
5189:
5181:
5135:
5100:
5059:
4996:
4961:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4855:
4845:
4744:
4734:
4730:–166.
4661:
4651:
4615:
4562:
4552:
4511:
4501:
4460:
4450:
4442:
4395:
4385:
4377:
4336:
4326:
4318:
4236:
4198:
4190:
4123:
4113:
4074:
4018:
4008:
3983:20 May
3951:
3903:
3893:
3866:
3839:
3829:
3821:
3780:
3773:325239
3770:
3762:
3720:
3693:
3683:
3675:
3665:
3599:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3513:
3506:344699
3503:
3495:
3446:
3403:
3395:
3310:
3302:
3263:
3255:
3156:
3146:
3138:
3032:
2991:
2952:
2942:
2877:
2867:
2842:
2832:
2689:named
2629:fibrin
2590:Arthus
2535:, and
2494:) and
2078:(ELT).
1924:serpin
1848:, and
1783:tenase
1623:tenase
1578:tenase
1564:, and
1537:tenase
1419:fibrin
1365:). PLA
1331:, and
755:(e.g.
558:tenase
514:tenase
212:Source
139:fibrin
116:fibrin
88:liquid
66:Health
6165:Blood
5688:GPIIb
5673:GP1BB
5668:GP1BA
5536:S2CID
5410:Blood
5387:S2CID
5289:S2CID
5238:S2CID
5187:S2CID
5133:S2CID
4994:S2CID
4918:S2CID
4611:–16.
4196:S2CID
3568:S2CID
3118:eLife
2655:]
2631:(I).
1918:is a
1712:lysis
1198:) to
1098:PAI-2
1082:PAI-1
676:Liver
646:Liver
610:Liver
571:Liver
484:Liver
298:Liver
252:Liver
176:, or
90:to a
84:blood
5565:PMID
5528:PMID
5485:PMID
5428:PMID
5379:PMID
5330:PMID
5281:PMID
5230:PMID
5179:PMID
5098:PMID
5057:PMID
4959:PMID
4910:PMID
4902:ISSN
4853:PMID
4831:2019
4788:2021
4758:2022
4742:OCLC
4732:ISBN
4698:2024
4659:PMID
4649:ISBN
4613:ISBN
4560:PMID
4509:PMID
4458:PMID
4440:ISSN
4393:PMID
4375:ISSN
4334:PMID
4316:ISSN
4234:ISBN
4212:2022
4188:PMID
4121:PMID
4072:PMID
4032:2022
4016:OCLC
4006:ISBN
3985:2018
3949:ISBN
3917:2022
3901:OCLC
3891:ISBN
3864:ISBN
3837:PMID
3819:ISSN
3778:PMID
3760:ISSN
3734:2023
3718:PMID
3691:PMID
3673:ISSN
3663:ISBN
3633:2023
3597:ISBN
3560:PMID
3552:ISSN
3511:PMID
3493:ISSN
3444:PMID
3401:PMID
3393:ISSN
3356:2023
3324:2023
3308:PMID
3300:ISSN
3261:PMID
3253:ISSN
3218:2023
3188:2023
3154:PMID
3136:ISSN
3099:2023
3066:2023
3030:ISBN
3015:text
2989:ISBN
2966:2022
2950:OCLC
2940:ISBN
2919:2024
2891:2022
2875:OCLC
2865:ISBN
2840:PMID
2729:and
2699:AIDS
2515:and
2474:and
2444:and
2401:and
2387:and
2356:glue
2005:aPTT
1979:(PGI
1822:and
1773:and
1742:and
1730:and
1698:for
1674:and
1548:The
1477:and
1361:(PLA
1338:(TXA
1190:and
841:HMWK
737:and
5825:FGG
5821:FGA
5557:doi
5520:doi
5475:PMC
5467:doi
5418:doi
5414:142
5369:PMC
5361:doi
5320:PMC
5273:doi
5261:145
5222:doi
5210:202
5171:doi
5167:121
5125:doi
5088:doi
5084:133
5049:doi
5045:349
4986:doi
4949:doi
4894:doi
4843:PMC
4835:doi
4728:145
4641:doi
4550:PMC
4540:doi
4499:PMC
4489:doi
4448:PMC
4432:doi
4383:PMC
4365:doi
4324:PMC
4306:doi
4180:doi
4111:PMC
4103:doi
4062:doi
3827:PMC
3809:doi
3768:PMC
3681:PMC
3655:doi
3542:doi
3501:PMC
3483:doi
3436:doi
3383:doi
3379:262
3292:doi
3245:doi
3144:PMC
3126:doi
2830:PMC
2822:doi
2818:115
2664:or
2588:".
2539:).
2178:),
2151:GPV
2103:INR
2040:TCT
2031:),
2023:),
2015:),
2013:INR
1930:(a
1722:of
1556:by
1325:vWF
1313:ADP
968:ZPI
878:III
444:N/A
441:N/A
438:N/A
133:to
92:gel
6156::
5823:,
5563:.
5553:21
5551:.
5534:.
5526:.
5516:85
5514:.
5510:.
5483:.
5473:.
5465:.
5455:83
5453:.
5449:.
5426:.
5412:.
5408:.
5385:.
5377:.
5367:.
5357:61
5355:.
5351:.
5328:.
5316:86
5314:.
5310:.
5287:.
5279:.
5271:.
5259:.
5236:.
5228:.
5220:.
5208:.
5185:.
5177:.
5165:.
5145:^
5131:.
5119:.
5096:.
5082:.
5078:.
5055:.
5043:.
5024:.
4992:.
4980:.
4957:.
4945:32
4943:.
4939:.
4916:.
4908:.
4900:.
4888:.
4884:.
4851:.
4841:.
4829:.
4825:.
4778:.
4774:.
4748:.
4740:.
4689:.
4657:.
4647:.
4627:^
4572:^
4558:.
4548:.
4536:13
4534:.
4530:.
4507:.
4497:.
4485:28
4483:.
4479:.
4456:.
4446:.
4438:.
4430:.
4418:.
4414:.
4391:.
4381:.
4373:.
4361:16
4359:.
4355:.
4332:.
4322:.
4314:.
4302:58
4300:.
4296:.
4220:^
4202:.
4194:.
4186:.
4176:16
4174:.
4170:.
4119:.
4109:.
4097:.
4093:.
4070:.
4058:14
4056:.
4052:.
4040:^
4022:.
4014:.
3975:.
3971:.
3925:^
3907:.
3899:.
3835:.
3825:.
3817:.
3805:15
3803:.
3799:.
3776:.
3766:.
3756:22
3754:.
3750:.
3724:,
3712:,
3689:.
3679:.
3671:.
3661:.
3641:^
3623:.
3619:.
3589:.
3566:.
3558:.
3550:.
3532:.
3509:.
3499:.
3491:.
3481:.
3471:81
3469:.
3465:.
3442:.
3432:15
3430:.
3426:.
3407:.
3399:.
3391:.
3377:.
3373:.
3340:.
3314:.
3306:.
3298:.
3288:20
3286:.
3282:.
3259:.
3251:.
3239:.
3235:.
3208:.
3204:.
3178:.
3174:.
3152:.
3142:.
3134:.
3120:.
3116:.
3085:.
3074:^
3056:.
3052:.
2956:.
2948:.
2910:.
2899:^
2881:.
2873:.
2838:.
2828:.
2816:.
2812:.
2653:no
2531:,
2527:,
2523::
2511:,
2507:,
2470:,
2466:,
2462:,
2458:,
2383:,
2372:.
2245:.
2229:,
2225:,
2221:,
2217:,
2170:,
2134:.
2109:.
2062:,
2054:,
2046:,
2042:,
2009:PT
2007:,
1844:,
1818:,
1754:.
1734:.
1678:.
1568:.
1327:,
1319:,
1315:,
759:),
733:,
180:.
172:,
153:.
118:.
106:,
6102:e
6095:t
6088:v
6057:2
5942:2
5940:α
5933:2
5931:α
5827:)
5819:(
5695:)
5686:(
5680:)
5666:(
5661::
5618:e
5611:t
5604:v
5571:.
5559::
5542:.
5522::
5491:.
5469::
5461::
5434:.
5420::
5393:.
5363::
5336:.
5295:.
5275::
5267::
5244:.
5224::
5216::
5193:.
5173::
5139:.
5127::
5121:4
5104:.
5090::
5063:.
5051::
5026:5
5000:.
4988::
4982:6
4965:.
4951::
4924:.
4896::
4890:1
4859:.
4837::
4790:.
4760:.
4700:.
4665:.
4643::
4621:.
4609:7
4566:.
4542::
4515:.
4491::
4464:.
4434::
4426::
4420:9
4399:.
4367::
4340:.
4308::
4242:.
4214:.
4182::
4127:.
4105::
4099:7
4078:.
4064::
4034:.
3987:.
3957:.
3919:.
3872:.
3843:.
3811::
3784:.
3697:.
3657::
3635:.
3605:.
3574:.
3544::
3538:8
3517:.
3485::
3477::
3450:.
3438::
3385::
3326:.
3294::
3267:.
3247::
3241:8
3220:.
3190:.
3160:.
3128::
3122:4
3101:.
3068:.
3038:.
2997:.
2968:.
2921:.
2893:.
2846:.
2824::
2431:.
2339:.
2157:.
2035:.
1985:s
1981:2
1922:(
1452:a
1367:2
1363:2
1358:2
1346:q
1344:G
1340:2
1335:2
1015:2
1013:α
996:2
994:α
791:,
582:*
538:*
454:*
425:–
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.