20:
277:
243:, rather than utilizing disposable pads. These numbers are particularly dominant in rural areas and low socioeconomic regions. The cotton pads are sometimes not sanitized properly due to washing with soap and unclean water. Due to menstruation's taboo nature, women and girls dry their cotton pads indoors rather than in the sunlight, which may lead girls to reuse improperly sanitized pads leading to infection.
28:
139:, depending on the instructions from the manufacturer. (Different fabrics require different care methods.) Some people choose to rinse out their pads in cold water before putting them in the wash with their other clothing. Others do not rinse, but put the soiled pads straight into the wash. After washing it is recommended that the pads are dried in a hygienic area under direct
216:, reusable or makeshift pads are still used to collect menstrual blood. People in these countries most often resort to either staying in their rooms during menstruation or using pieces of old cloth/ rags, old mattress foam and even infection-causing items such as leaves, husks, disposed cement bags, etc. Lack of access to
235:
Effective management of menstruation is an under-recognized challenge for girls in low-income communities. A study in Uganda showed the effects of menstruation and education in communities of poor education, welfare, and health. Girls who received high-quality menstrual pads were less likely to miss
390:
Until the advent of disposable pads, women used a variety of sewn or makeshift pads made from a variety of fabrics, often leftover scraps, to collect menstrual blood, although some women have used anything absorbent. Fabrics could generally be washed and used again. When disposable pads were
121:, with longer pads for night use and thinner and shorter pads for light use. Some manufacturers will allow the buyer to select the fabrics, shape and size of the pad so that they can be custom made to fit an individual and be as efficient as possible.
332:
Some cloth pad makers run or donate a portion of their proceeds to programs that provide reusable feminine hygiene products (pads or menstrual cups) to girls and women in developing countries so that they can continue to attend school or work while
375:
Through the ages women have used different forms of menstrual protection. Women often used strips of folded old cloth (rags) to catch their menstrual blood, which is why the term "on the rag" was used to refer to menstruation.
398:
Cloth menstrual pads made a comeback around 1970. With the number of cloth pad manufacturers and online communities devoted to this increasing in the 1990s and the early 2000s, they appear to be gaining popularity.
19:
391:
introduced, they were too expensive for many women to afford. When they could be afforded, women were allowed to place money in a box so that they would not have to speak to the clerk and take a box of
336:
The average cloth menstrual pad costs about $ 10 and can last for years depending on care and use. In the long term, this may make them less expensive to buy or make by hand compared to disposable pads.
297:
whereas disposable sanitary napkins made from synthetic materials cannot be recycled or composted. An estimated 500–800 years are needed to biodegrade a pad, while tampons take six months to biodegrade.
379:
Disposable menstrual pads appear to have been first commercially available from around 1888 with the
Southall's pad. More widely successful disposable menstrual pads had their start during the
395:
pads from the counter themselves. It took several years for disposable menstrual pads to become commonplace. However, they are now used nearly exclusively in most of the industrialized world.
304:. They create less overall waste compared to disposable menstrual products as they can be made from reused materials, including old pillow-cases, old clothes and towels. Some cloth pads use
264:
is a global movement based in the US which supplies girls with kits including reusable cloth pads, sewn by volunteers around the world. Each kit is in a draw-string cloth bag with
465:
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as they are reusable and do not come in or contain plastic packaging. When cloth menstrual pads wear out (after years of use), those made from natural materials can be
220:
products affects women and adolescent girls around the world. This lack is directly tied to exploitation, school drop out rates, infection, early marriage and even
387:'s wood pulp bandages as a menstrual pad that could be thrown away after use. Kotex's first advertisement for products made with this wood pulp appeared in 1921.
124:
Some people make their own cloth menstrual pads. These pads range from folded wash cloths to pads similar to the cloth menstrual pads available commercially.
995:
796:
1024:
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It is claimed, without evidence, that some users have shorter or lighter periods or fewer cramps when using cloth pads as opposed to disposable products.
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346:
Washing reusable pads requires water and detergents, and also electrical power if not hand-washed. Bloody cleaning water must be disposed of safely.
200:
layer to help prevent the pad leaking through while other styles of cloth pad may rely on more layers of absorbency and not include waterproofing.
1523:
827:"A qualitative understanding of the effects of reusable sanitary pads and puberty education: implications for future research and practice"
232:
are coordinating volunteers to sew effective washable pads with moisture barriers that, unlike disposables, can be used month after month.
359:
Initial cost for reusable menstrual products is typically higher per pad than for disposables, although total cost of usage is much less.
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117:, specialty stores, and via Internet stores and marketplaces. They are available in a range of lengths and thicknesses, similar to
1050:
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224:. Quality washable menstrual pads are now helping as worldwide awareness is growing - also evidenced by the global initiative of
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236:
school. The girls reported better concentration and participation due to not having to worry about staining their clothes.
686:"Menstrual Hygiene, Management, and Waste Disposal: Practices and Challenges Faced by Girls/Women of Developing Countries"
366:
are present in the menstrual pads of infected patients, and pose risk of infection if not sealed in leak-proof containers.
1647:
1206:"What did American and European women use for menstruation in the past? at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health"
66:. Because they can be reused, they are generally less expensive than disposable pads over time, and reduce the amount of
548:
97:, or to protect underwear from regular discharge of vaginal fluids. After use, they are washed, dried and then reused.
143:. Sunlight acts as a disinfectant and prevents microbial growth, which may happen if the pads are not completely dry.
752:
250:, where girls may be absent from school for a week each month due to menstruation, a charity has trained victims of
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for clean and used pads and other hygiene needs, and enables the girls to continue their schooling with dignity.
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When changing cloth menstrual pads away from home, some people place the soiled pads into a waterproof or
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The fabrics used range from 100% natural fibres to 100% synthetics. Some commonly used fabrics include
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316:. Organic options, such as pads made of organic cotton grown without pesticides, are available.
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Studies have found that between 43% and 88% of girls and women wash and reuse cotton pads in
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1278:"Ads for Hartmann's menstrual pad (1890s) at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health"
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8:
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as the absorbent core which is more environmentally friendly to grow when compared with
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to sew re-usable sanitary pads, which are then purchased for distribution to schools in
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685:
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886:"A Systematic Review of the Health and Social Effects of Menstrual Hygiene Management"
825:
Hennegan, Julie; Dolan, Catherine; Steinfield, Laurel; Montgomery, Paul (2017-06-27).
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or any other situation where it is necessary to absorb the flow of blood from the
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can also be used as a natural, breathable backing that provides leak protection.
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Cloth menstrual pads need to be washed with soap, properly dried, and cared for.
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945:"GBV Survivors Trained to Make Re-usable Sanitary Pads for a Living - Somalia"
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884:
Sumpter, Colin; Torondel, Belen (2013-04-26). RezaBaradaran, Hamid (ed.).
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1230:"Knitted Norwegian Pads at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health"
996:"What items can't be recycled at the kerbside Real Recycling collection?"
466:"7 Powerful reasons why you should switch to reusable menstrual products"
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363:
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1254:"Ads for early Southall's disposable menstrual pads in the U.K. at MUM"
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Cloth menstrual pads, like all menstrual pads, do not pose the risk of
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Fewer synthetic chemicals are used by cloth menstrual products than by
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1329:"From the Collection of MUM: Washable Menstrual Pads and Underpants"
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356:(yeast) infection. Pads can cause reinfection if not sterilized.
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The majority of commercially available pads are manufactured by
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573:"Fear of a Crimson Planet: Information on Radical Menstruation"
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Cloth pads to prevent menstrual fluid from leaking onto clothes
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Cloth menstrual pads ranging from liners to overnight pads.
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terry, bamboo velour, soy French terry, wool interlock and
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151:
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bag to keep them from drying out and to contain or prevent
82:
27:
1092:. Hemp Industries Association. 2007-07-23. Archived from
229:
684:
Kaur, Rajanbir; Kaur, Kanwaljit; Kaur, Rajinder (2018).
319:
They can be cleaned in a washing machine or hand-washed.
1002:. Christchurch City Council. 2009-02-22. Archived from
352:
Special care may need to be taken if the user has a
189:(PUL) may be used. PUL may be purchased from online
1160:"Buying Cloth Pads – How many pads & Pad Costs"
549:"Bleed With Pride: Make-It-Yourself Menstrual Pads"
496:"Making the Switch to Reusable Menstrual Products"
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522:"Salon Mothers Who Think | Go with the flow"
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1524:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
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743:Kristof, Nicholas; WuDunn, Sheryl (2009).
690:Journal of Environmental and Public Health
196:Some styles of cloth menstrual pad have a
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154:and then wash the pads when convenient.
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73:Generally they are made from layers of
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600:"Menstrual cloth pads | Green the Red"
438:"Cloth Menstrual Pad Or Reusable Pads"
23:Basket of various cloth menstrual pads
1360:
1305:"Inside the Museum of Menstruation 6"
1187:. Hepatitis Australia. Archived from
794:
747:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
127:Cloth menstrual pads may be hand or
1386:
271:
58:product, and are an alternative to
13:
661:"Letters: Period pain in Zimbabwe"
113:and can be purchased through some
31:Reusable cloth menstrual pad with
14:
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1671:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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1049:Soberanes, Venus (2007-02-22).
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677:
606:. Green the Red. Archived from
340:
54:). They are a type of reusable
772:"Days for Girls International"
652:
592:
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547:Merchant, Brian (2007-11-19).
540:
513:
488:
442:menstruation-info-with-doc.com
430:
362:Blood-borne pathogens such as
100:
1:
659:Rockwell, Page (2006-03-17).
520:Cavanaugh, Tim (1998-07-31).
424:
1692:Menstrual hygiene management
1643:Premenstrual water retention
1617:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
1582:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
1058:Environmental Youth Alliance
903:10.1371/journal.pone.0062004
414:Menstrual hygiene management
177:. Specialty fabrics such as
7:
1164:Reusable Menstrual Products
402:
42:are cloth pads worn in the
10:
1849:
1185:"Hepatitis C Transmission"
383:, when French nurses used
370:
1742:
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1587:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1537:
1514:
1497:Billings Ovulation Method
1479:
1453:
1446:
1425:
1394:
1025:"Period underwear review"
844:10.1186/s12978-017-0339-9
797:"Sanitary ware emergency"
500:naturalparentsnetwork.com
289:and do not contribute to
285:Cloth menstrual pads are
1802:Sustainable menstruation
1782:Menstruation celebration
970:"Our mission and vision"
329:associated with tampons.
287:environmentally friendly
266:zip closure plastic bags
85:) which are worn during
1744:In culture and religion
1141:. Huruinternational.org
1051:"Saving the Planet 101"
633:Obsidian (2009-02-21).
1572:Irregular menstruation
1529:Lactational amenorrhea
1492:Calendar-based methods
1461:Basal body temperature
1352:Museum of Menstruation
1115:"Cloth Menstrual Pads"
635:"Cloth Menstrual Pads"
281:
131:, and then dried on a
36:
24:
1772:Menstrual suppression
1734:Menstrual Hygiene Day
1666:Premenstrual syndrome
409:Menstrual Hygiene Day
279:
252:gender based violence
226:Menstrual Hygiene Day
187:polyurethane laminate
30:
22:
1067:on February 22, 2007
703:10.1155/2018/1730964
641:on February 21, 2009
327:toxic shock syndrome
214:developing countries
208:Developing countries
40:Cloth menstrual pads
1707:Cloth menstrual pad
1676:Menstrual psychosis
1638:Menstrual synchrony
1487:Fertility awareness
1006:on November 1, 2008
831:Reproductive Health
795:Matendere, Brenna.
302:disposable products
91:post-birth bleeding
580:campusactivism.org
282:
115:health food stores
37:
25:
1815:
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1509:
1395:Events and phases
222:child trafficking
107:work-at-home moms
77:fabrics (such as
56:menstrual hygiene
1840:
1828:Feminine hygiene
1787:Menstruation hut
1767:Menstrual stigma
1727:Period underwear
1697:Feminine hygiene
1633:Folliculogenesis
1577:Menometrorrhagia
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1407:Follicular phase
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1096:on July 23, 2007
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1060:. Archived from
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976:. Days for Girls
974:daysforgirls.org
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803:. Archived from
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776:Daysforgirls.org
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472:. Archived from
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272:Positive aspects
218:feminine hygiene
111:small businesses
60:sanitary napkins
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1762:Menstrual leave
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1648:Sexual activity
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1612:Polymenorrhagia
1597:Oligoamenorrhea
1557:Cryptomenorrhea
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1502:Creighton Model
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1388:Menstrual cycle
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951:(Press release)
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193:supply stores.
119:disposable pads
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48:menstrual fluid
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1346:External links
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1191:on 2013-05-15.
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801:The Zimbabwean
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262:Days for Girls
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129:machine washed
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64:menstrual cups
52:uterine lining
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1592:Metrorrhagia
1562:Dysmenorrhea
1417:Luteal phase
1402:Menstruation
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1552:Anovulation
1516:Suppression
1426:Life stages
1000:ccc.govt.nz
980:19 February
696:: 1730964.
381:World War I
364:hepatitis C
354:candidiasis
101:Current use
46:to collect
1822:Categories
1807:Tampon tax
1547:Amenorrhea
1335:2012-09-18
1314:2012-09-18
1287:2012-09-18
1263:2012-09-18
1239:2012-09-18
1215:2012-09-18
1170:2020-12-01
1145:2012-09-18
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1090:thehia.org
1071:2012-09-18
1035:2020-12-01
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614:2017-09-08
585:2021-10-08
558:2012-09-18
533:2012-09-18
425:References
419:Pantyliner
198:waterproof
159:terrycloth
70:produced.
1752:Chhaupadi
1539:Disorders
1438:Menopause
1412:Ovulation
1331:. Mum.org
912:1932-6203
853:1742-4755
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712:1687-9805
527:Salon.com
314:wood pulp
295:composted
256:Mogadishu
75:absorbent
44:underwear
33:Kokopelli
1757:In Islam
1447:Tracking
1433:Menarche
930:23637945
890:PLOS ONE
871:28655302
730:29675047
403:See also
291:landfill
175:Gore-Tex
141:sunlight
135:or in a
1685:Hygiene
1480:Systems
1309:Mum.org
1282:Mum.org
1258:Mum.org
1234:Mum.org
1210:Mum.org
921:3637379
862:5488479
721:5838436
371:History
248:Somalia
228:. Many
1792:Niddah
1712:Tampon
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1086:"Hemp"
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1833:Reuse
1454:Signs
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