849:
2719:
329:
information from a close friend or family member is interpreted and responded to differently from receiving the same information from someone who is not within the clique structure. The satisfaction, interaction, and closeness of an individual's clique groups develop and change throughout the years. Yet, there is always a constant morphing of both the individual and the group as time goes on.
302:, even though the number of interactions with clique groups decreases, and the type of groups may change. As individuals become adults, their social interpretations alter, and their cliques originate from their immediate environment, rather than from common social characteristics. A clique should not be confused with a
289:
is a very influential factor in the organization of clique structures because the boundaries established through differences in cultural aspects are persistent, even when the membership varies from time to time. For example, the differences in language, beliefs, traditions, etc. have always created a
242:
Tina Abbott in her book "Social and
Personality Development" describes how these members conform to their specific group. "Conformity to peer groups is a prerequisite to achieving independence and autonomy as an adult... As the young person struggles to become independent from their parents, they use
223:
Different factors affect the way cliques are established and who is included within their membership. In some cases, people are subconsciously placed in a clique by association. For example, joining a basketball team usually causes others to perceive you as an "athlete" automatically. Many people may
279:
Every clique has some form of organization that makes up the network of social interaction. Informal clique networks are groups that do not have a legitimate organizational structure in which they can be established and dissolved in a shorter time period. An informal clique may consist of a person's
198:
that results from the interactions with individuals who share a common characteristic. The outcomes associated with clique formations may be endless, with varying degrees of influence. So, a formal clique, such as a professional organization, would have a different kind of influence as compared to a
238:
Interactions among members of a clique can also lead to organized social events, such as parties, significant dates, or private meetings. Clique members have a strong commitment to their respective groups. In regards to this, being present at social events is seen as mandatory. Considering this, it
227:
Sharing similar interests is the most common way cliques are formed. As people interact with each other doing the simple things they enjoy doing, they may find themselves drifting towards or becoming attracted to others who share the same passion. This usually causes one to gain confidence by being
437:
Kelly, J. (2012, March 8). Some of the more common types of cliques found include: jocks, cheerleaders, mean girls, foreigners, gamers, sluts, hipsters, hippies, arty intellectuals, gangsters, stoners/slackers, scenesters, punks, preps, skaters, goths, emos, skinheads, geeks/nerds, athletic girls,
315:
between members that can either create or dissolve the group, depending upon the level of interaction. If face-to-face interaction is regularly established, then cohesion between individuals will form. However, if the face-to-face interaction depreciates, then the cohesive social bond between said
214:
A clique can also involve a high degree of social commitment to a specific group. A stronger level of commitment results in an individual having a reduced amount of interaction with other social groups. Cliquish behavior often involves repetition concerning activities, vernacular, preferences, and
258:
On the subject of homophily, people come together and link up for many different reasons. The most typical reason is people who are close in a location easily bond with each other. Also, people who meet through the family, workplace, or any activity that places people in contact with others often
234:
Members of cliques often create their own distinct dress code and uniquely communicate with one another. As a result, this makes a clique unique and reassures each member that they belong to that specific group. As these cliques come together, it isn't hard to distinguish one from the other. For
328:
by impacting the emotions, opinions, or behaviors of group members. There are many ways in which the perception of information between members in a clique can influence other members on a greater level than if they had received the same information from a different source. For example, receiving
270:
This involves meeting new people to form relationships and work together to gain better opportunities. Some people find that being associated with a clique is a way to find or gain a better chance at success. For example, many join a sorority or fraternity to gain an advantage at getting a job
130:, is a small group of individuals who interact with one another and share similar interests rather than include others. Interacting with cliques is part of normative social development regardless of gender, ethnicity, or popularity. Although cliques are most commonly studied during
306:
because the smaller size and specific boundaries of a group is what causes the group formation to be considered a clique. A clique can develop in several different ways and within environments that consist of individuals who interact regularly. The
254:
is how people tend to link up with others because they share similar characteristics. The existence of homophily is also very prevalent in today's society. This concept can be seen as a possible main cause of clique formation.
215:
manner, resulting in conflict with other cliques, creating "outsiders." Individuals can also experience social isolation within their own clique if their values and/or behavior begin to differ from the rest of the group.
161:
members if they do something considered unacceptable, such as talking to someone disliked. Some cliques tend to isolate themselves as a group and view themselves as superior to others, which can be demonstrated through
284:
in structure. A formal clique is composed of members who have identifiable roles and interactions with one another and is found in numerous professional organizations, businesses, and even family structure.
280:
friend group or co-workers while also identifying other more informal groups, such as criminal gangs. On the other hand, a formal clique is a group with a socially accepted organization that is
962:
190:
throughout the course of their lives. One person may be part of multiple cliques, each forming and functioning independently from one another. Cliques are relevant in society due to the
231:
Ethnicity usually plays a role according to the setting or time frame. In today's society, race still is prevalent, and therefore, cliques solely based on race have been formed.
211:
as "the degree of apartness of an entity; may have structural or subjective interpretations." Social isolation may occur when cliques set themselves apart from other groups.
1008:
186:. Those within the group communicate and associate with one another more than those outside of the group. The formation of cliques can be identified within different
1795:
271:
because they may be hired by someone affiliated. Cliques go hand in hand in the way people network and are especially prevalent for those looking for jobs.
412:
581:
Parigi Paolo, and Warner Henson II. "Social
Isolation in America." Annual Review of Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 2014. Web. 04 Mar. 2016.
182:, cliques are a formation of two or more individuals who share bonding characteristics that allow for them to identify with one another to form a
558:
2523:
2398:
883:
515:
Miller, Delbert C. (1958). "Decision-Making
Cliques in Community Power Structures: A Comparative Study of an American and English City".
2408:
134:
and middle childhood development, they exist in all age groups. They are often bound together by shared social characteristics such as
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1564:
243:
the security provided by the peer group and the self-confidence that comes with it, to take the final step towards independence".
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2453:
2495:
1826:
1472:
235:
example, Deadheads, the followers of the band The
Grateful Dead, identify one another with various forms of tie-dyed clothing.
2490:
2500:
2533:
604:
Berman, Evan M. (17 December 2002). "Workplace
Relations: Friendship Patterns and Consequences (According to Managers)".
2681:
2661:
2640:
1407:
1003:
666:
Krackhardt, David; Stern, Robert N. (1988). "Informal
Networks and Organizational Crises: An Experimental Simulation".
2645:
2528:
2371:
712:
395:
2393:
1194:
1116:
1144:
1046:
876:
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surrounded by people who share similar interests, and it may cause an individual to feel more socially accepted.
290:
distinct separation or boundary between groups of people even though the group members are constantly changing.
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416:
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2448:
2443:
1927:
985:
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gravitate toward a clique subconsciously through how they are perceived or whom they may be associated with.
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2505:
2470:
2421:
2145:
1056:
970:
915:
456:
758:
Friedkin, Noah E. (1984-02-01). "Structural
Cohesion and Equivalence Explanations of Social Homogeneity".
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1199:
1081:
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1944:
1465:
1286:
1139:
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1422:
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995:
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1371:
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1316:
1306:
1101:
375:
31:
17:
565:
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1951:
1351:
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Typically, people in a clique will not have a completely open friend group and can, therefore,
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439:
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shows the firmness of cliques and how people ultimately conform to these specific groups.
8:
2080:
1885:
1860:
1840:
1744:
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In their article "Social
Isolation In America", Paolo Parigi and Warner Henson II define
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2219:
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2202:
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1855:
1835:
1805:
1587:
1559:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1164:
1031:
826:
818:
801:
Hochschild, Arlie
Russell (1979). "Emotion work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure".
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683:
648:
540:
532:
497:
349:
299:
262:
In some cases, the impact of homophily can be seen when people in cliques get married.
187:
143:
43:
480:
Tichy, Noel (1973). "An
Analysis of Clique Formation and Structure in Organizations".
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147:
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1988:
1939:
1912:
1665:
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1381:
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910:
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524:
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383:
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208:
191:
94:
88:
62:
49:
2431:
2123:
1934:
1680:
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1417:
1270:
1260:
1255:
1240:
702:
127:
122:
56:
771:
2388:
2332:
2171:
2128:
2056:
1800:
1771:
1696:
1650:
1592:
1549:
1434:
1265:
1225:
1061:
920:
892:
733:"Social and Emotional Patterns in Adulthood: Support For Socioemotional Theory"
732:
183:
853:
2737:
2229:
2026:
1815:
1685:
1675:
1633:
1607:
1602:
1539:
1499:
1402:
1250:
1149:
925:
779:
195:
617:
2262:
2189:
1968:
1958:
1877:
1627:
1534:
1484:
1412:
1184:
896:
704:
Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference
387:
2426:
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2197:
2179:
2090:
2051:
1845:
1756:
1739:
131:
848:
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1612:
1341:
1179:
1106:
822:
687:
652:
536:
501:
2318:
2313:
2280:
2252:
2140:
2135:
2071:
2046:
1993:
1907:
1622:
1554:
281:
251:
179:
135:
679:
644:
493:
2327:
2299:
2285:
2152:
2118:
2076:
2061:
2021:
1766:
814:
528:
298:
The formation and deformation of clique structures do not end with
163:
158:
2323:
2308:
2304:
2066:
2016:
2008:
1998:
1902:
1890:
1749:
1645:
1639:
286:
27:
Group of individuals who interact preferentially with one another
2295:
2108:
2041:
1981:
1976:
1450:
559:"Paolo Parigi - Department of Sociology - Stanford University"
74:
2103:
2031:
1582:
343:
303:
2113:
1655:
151:
1009:
List of virtual communities with more than 1 million users
631:
Peay, Edmund R. (1974). "Hierarchail Clique Structures".
106:
413:"Cliques: Poverty & Prejudice: Gangs of All Colors"
109:
100:
77:
68:
891:
103:
71:
97:
65:
2735:
594:. Hove, East Sussex: Routledge, 2001. 94. Print.
665:
479:
590:Abbott, Tina. "Do Peer Influence Conformity?"
1466:
877:
440:10 Types of Teens: A Field Guide to Teenagers
2370:
2150:
457:"Peer Relationships | Adolescent Psychology"
199:social clique consisting of close friends.
1473:
1459:
884:
870:
800:
2358:
757:
739:. US: American Psychological Association
726:
724:
382:. Sage Publications. pp. 150–152.
373:
14:
2736:
730:
603:
514:
380:Encyclopedia of educational psychology
316:individuals will eventually dissolve.
142:. Examples of common or stereotypical
2357:
1714:
1454:
865:
700:
121:
721:
630:
348:Clique in communication groups from
265:
760:Sociological Methods & Research
202:
24:
1716:
1715:
1004:List of social networking services
592:Social and Personality Development
410:
25:
2755:
841:
2718:
2717:
1480:
1195:Social network analysis software
1117:Virtual collective consciousness
847:
482:Administrative Science Quarterly
319:
93:
61:
1047:Organizational network analysis
794:
751:
694:
659:
624:
597:
274:
2359:
584:
575:
551:
508:
473:
449:
431:
404:
367:
324:A clique may inhibit external
311:of the clique is the constant
293:
173:
13:
1:
986:Personal knowledge networking
852:The dictionary definition of
803:American Journal of Sociology
701:Barth, Fredrik (1998-03-11).
517:American Journal of Sociology
360:
259:form personal relationships.
1057:Social aspects of television
971:Enterprise social networking
606:Public Administration Review
446:. Retrieved October 31, 2012
374:Salkind, Neil (2008-01-01).
246:
7:
1200:Social networking potential
1082:Social media and psychology
772:10.1177/0049124184012003001
668:Social Psychology Quarterly
438:"cool kids," and drifters.
332:
10:
2760:
1565:Weberian (three-component)
1287:Algorithmic radicalization
976:Enterprise social software
959:Distributed social network
218:
29:
2713:
2654:
2546:
2514:
2481:
2407:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2271:
2228:
2188:
2170:
2089:
2007:
1967:
1876:
1869:
1824:
1727:
1723:
1710:
1573:
1527:
1523:
1494:
1390:
1347:Six degrees of separation
1279:
1218:
1160:Collaborative consumption
1125:
1097:Social media optimization
1087:Social media intelligence
1017:
994:
946:
903:
461:courses.lumenlearning.com
2687:Pre-industrial East Asia
1372:Suicide and the Internet
1357:Social media and suicide
313:face-to-face interaction
1735:Administrative detainee
1317:Friending and following
1307:Consequential strangers
1102:Social network analysis
618:10.1111/0033-3352.00172
178:Within the concepts of
32:Clique (disambiguation)
2151:
1352:Social media addiction
1190:Social media analytics
1077:Social identity theory
1072:Social exchange theory
1067:Social data revolution
1052:Small-world experiment
954:Corporate social media
415:. EDGE. Archived from
355:In-group and out-group
2692:Pre-industrial Europe
1292:Community recognition
1236:Collaborative finance
1170:Lateral communication
981:Mobile social network
731:Carstensen, Laura L.
388:10.4135/9781412963848
2549: or countries
2360:By country or region
1598:Class discrimination
1398:Friendship recession
1337:Information overload
1246:Influencer marketing
1135:Account verification
1042:Interpersonal bridge
1037:Attention inequality
140:socioeconomic status
30:For other uses, see
2081:Vanniar (Chieftain)
1367:Social network game
1362:Social invisibility
1210:Structural cohesion
1155:Collaboration graph
1112:Structural endogamy
1092:Social media mining
309:structural cohesion
188:social environments
154:, and "outsiders".
2662:18th-century Spain
2516:Standard of living
2220:Upper middle class
2215:Lower middle class
1806:Political prisoner
1588:Chattering classes
1560:Spoon class theory
1332:Internet addiction
1327:Influence-for-hire
1322:Friendship paradox
1312:Friend of a friend
1302:Computer addiction
1165:Giant Global Graph
1032:Assortative mixing
707:. Waveland Press.
144:adolescent cliques
2731:
2730:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2542:
2541:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2243:Lumpenproletariat
1745:illegal immigrant
1706:
1705:
1618:Classless society
1448:
1447:
1440:Virtual community
1297:Complex contagion
1231:Attention economy
1205:Social television
1175:Reputation system
1027:Ambient awareness
339:Adolescent clique
266:Network formation
52:
46:
16:(Redirected from
2751:
2721:
2720:
2548:
2449:Mexican-American
2377:
2376:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2354:
2156:
2099:Business magnate
1989:Knowledge worker
1874:
1873:
1762:dual or multiple
1725:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1666:Social exclusion
1661:Social cleansing
1575:
1525:
1524:
1514:Economic classes
1475:
1468:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1428:Social profiling
1382:Viral phenomenon
1145:Change detection
886:
879:
872:
863:
862:
851:
835:
834:
798:
792:
791:
755:
749:
748:
746:
744:
728:
719:
718:
698:
692:
691:
663:
657:
656:
628:
622:
621:
601:
595:
588:
582:
579:
573:
572:
570:
564:. Archived from
563:
555:
549:
548:
512:
506:
505:
477:
471:
470:
468:
467:
453:
447:
435:
429:
428:
426:
424:
408:
402:
401:
371:
326:social influence
209:social isolation
203:Social isolation
192:social influence
125:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
92:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
60:
48:
42:
21:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2701:
2650:
2538:
2510:
2477:
2461:Underprivileged
2403:
2362:
2361:
2337:
2267:
2224:
2184:
2166:
2085:
2003:
1963:
1865:
1820:
1719:
1718:
1702:
1681:Social position
1671:Social mobility
1569:
1519:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1449:
1444:
1418:Online identity
1386:
1275:
1271:Viral marketing
1261:Social commerce
1256:Sharing economy
1241:Creator economy
1214:
1127:
1121:
1019:
1013:
990:
942:
899:
893:Social networks
890:
844:
839:
838:
799:
795:
756:
752:
742:
740:
729:
722:
715:
699:
695:
680:10.2307/2786835
664:
660:
645:10.2307/2786466
629:
625:
602:
598:
589:
585:
580:
576:
568:
561:
557:
556:
552:
513:
509:
494:10.2307/2392063
478:
474:
465:
463:
455:
454:
450:
436:
432:
422:
420:
419:on 12 July 2014
411:Labrum, Chris.
409:
405:
398:
372:
368:
363:
350:Dunbar's number
335:
322:
296:
277:
268:
249:
221:
205:
176:
128:social sciences
118:
96:
87:
86:
64:
55:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:Ottoman Empire
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Ancient Greece
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2641:United Kingdom
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
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2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2534:Home-ownership
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2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
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2434:
2429:
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2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:American Dream
2386:
2380:
2374:
2364:
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2240:
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2205:
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2192:
2186:
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2183:
2182:
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2174:
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2165:
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2157:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2087:
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2084:
2083:
2074:
2069:
2064:
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2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1971:
1965:
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1962:
1961:
1956:
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1932:
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1925:
1917:
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1900:
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2529:Homelessness
2454:Upper Middle
2326: /
2307: /
2298: /
2263:Working poor
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2146:Robber baron
1969:Intellectual
1959:Royal family
1923:Ancient Rome
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1777:second-class
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1637: /
1632:
1628:High society
1535:Elite theory
1512:
1505:
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1485:Social class
1413:User profile
1185:Social graph
1018:Concepts and
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916:Professional
897:social media
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2333:Untouchable
2258:Proletariat
2248:Pea-pickers
2198:Bourgeoisie
1886:Aristocracy
1772:naturalized
1767:native-born
1408:Researchers
1140:Aggregation
737:APA PsycNET
423:10 February
300:adolescence
294:Development
174:Terminology
170:behaviors.
132:adolescence
2606:Luxembourg
2496:Inequality
2161:Superclass
1952:Hereditary
1928:Post-Roman
1919:Patrician
1789:adolescent
1613:Classicide
1342:Overchoice
1180:Social bot
1126:Models and
1107:Social web
936:Adolescent
633:Sociometry
466:2021-09-08
444:TLC Family
361:References
168:antisocial
166:and other
126:), in the
2631:Sri Lanka
2524:Education
2491:Household
2384:Affluence
2319:Rat tribe
2281:Ant tribe
2253:Precariat
2238:Lazzaroni
2180:Bohemians
2141:Overclass
2136:Old money
2072:Spartiate
2047:Kshatriya
2037:Hashashin
1994:Professor
1935:Political
1908:Oligarchy
1898:Hanseaten
1816:Stateless
1796:Convicted
1728:By status
1691:Subaltern
1623:Euthenics
1555:New class
1280:Phenomena
1219:Economics
1128:processes
831:143485249
788:119377795
780:0049-1241
545:143758716
376:"Cliques"
252:Homophily
247:Homophily
180:sociology
136:ethnicity
2738:Category
2723:Category
2655:Historic
2576:Colombia
2566:Cambodia
2501:Personal
2399:Mobility
2328:Freedman
2314:Plebeian
2300:Prisoner
2286:Commoner
2172:Creative
2153:Seigneur
2119:Nobility
2077:Vanniyar
2062:Pendekar
2022:Cossacks
1656:Snobbery
1528:Theories
1020:theories
996:Services
947:Networks
911:Personal
743:30 March
333:See also
164:bullying
148:athletes
146:include
2626:Romania
2621:Nigeria
2506:Poverty
2409:Classes
2394:History
2305:Peasant
2291:Outcast
2230:Working
2210:Burgher
2067:Samurai
2057:Ocēlōtl
2017:Chhetri
2009:Warrior
1999:Scholar
1913:Russian
1903:Magnate
1891:Aristoi
1870:By type
1757:Citizen
1750:refugee
1646:Poverty
1640:Parvenu
1574:Related
1545:Marxian
1507:Stratum
1423:Persona
823:2778583
688:2786835
653:2786466
537:2773197
502:2392063
287:Culture
219:Members
119:French:
18:Cliques
2581:France
2561:Belize
2556:Africa
2483:Income
2439:Middle
2432:Gentry
2296:Outlaw
2203:Petite
2190:Middle
2124:Landed
2109:Gentry
2042:Knight
1982:Priest
1977:Clergy
1940:Family
1878:Ruling
1827:collar
1784:Clique
1500:Status
931:Clique
921:Sexual
855:clique
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39:clique
2677:Aztec
2636:Tibet
2611:Nepal
2601:Italy
2591:India
2586:Haiti
2571:China
2471:Under
2466:Lower
2444:Black
2427:Donor
2422:Black
2417:Upper
2324:Slave
2273:Under
2129:Petty
2104:Elite
2091:Upper
2032:Harii
2027:Cuāuh
1861:White
1841:Green
1740:Alien
1583:Caste
1377:Tribe
926:Value
904:Types
827:S2CID
819:JSTOR
784:S2CID
684:JSTOR
649:JSTOR
569:(PDF)
562:(PDF)
541:S2CID
533:JSTOR
498:JSTOR
344:Cabal
304:crowd
159:"ban"
152:nerds
2596:Iran
2309:Serf
2114:Lord
2052:Nair
1945:List
1856:Pink
1846:Grey
1836:Blue
1825:By "
964:list
895:and
776:ISSN
745:2016
709:ISBN
425:2016
392:ISBN
138:and
50:CanE
44:AusE
1851:New
811:doi
768:doi
676:doi
641:doi
614:doi
525:doi
490:doi
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