227:(narrowing) of the spinal canal and compression of nerve roots and resultant lower extremity symptoms. Standing and extension of the spine narrows the spinal canal diameter. Sitting and flexion of the spine increases spinal canal diameter. A person with neurogenic claudication will have worsening of leg cramping with standing erect or standing and walking. Symptoms may be relieved by sitting down (flexing the spine) or even by walking while leaning over (flexion of the spine) a shopping cart.
605:
222:
Vascular (or arterial) claudication typically occurs after activity or ambulation for a distance with resultant vascular insufficiency (lack of blood flow) where the muscular demands of oxygen outweighs the supply. Symptoms are lower extremity cramping. Resting from activity even in a standing
230:
The ability to ride a stationary bike for a prolonged period of time differentiates neurogenic claudication from vascular claudication. Weakness is also a prominent feature of spinal claudication that is not usually present in intermittent claudication.
223:
position may help relieve the symptoms. Spinal or neurogenic claudication may be differentiated from arterial claudication based on activity and position. In neurogenic claudication, positional changes lead to increased
656:
644:
105:
that the patient can walk before the onset of claudication. Thus, "one-block claudication" appears after walking one block, "two-block claudication" appears after walking two blocks, etc. The term
243:(trade name: Pletal) is FDA approved for intermittent claudication. It is contraindicated in patients with heart failure, and improvement of symptoms may not be evident for two to three weeks.
186:(bone spurs that jut out from the edge of a vertebra into the foramen, the opening through which the nerve root passes). In most cases neurogenic claudication is bilateral, i.e. symmetrical.
299:"Assessment and management of neurogenic claudication associated with lumbar spinal stenosis in a UK primary care musculoskeletal service: a survey of current practice among physiotherapists"
496:
Rieck KL, Kermani TA, Thomsen KM, Harmsen WS, Karban MJ, Warrington KJ (July 2010). "Evaluation for
Clinical Predictors of Positive Temporal Artery Biopsy in Giant Cell Arteritis".
82:
that occurs during walking or standing and is relieved by rest. The perceived level of pain from claudication can be mild to extremely severe. Claudication is most common in the
469:
Reiter S, Winocur E, Goldsmith C, Emodi-Perlman A, Gorsky M (2009). "Giant cell arteritis misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorder: a case report and review of the literature".
1495:
239:
Blocking agents of the adrenoceptors alpha 1/alpha 2 are typically used to treat the effects of the vasoconstriction associated with vascular claudication.
156:(several hours), especially in the absence of reasonable breaks, along with a general lack of walking or other exercise that stimulates the legs.
101:
Claudication that appears after a short amount of walking may sometimes be described by US medical professionals by the number of typical
721:
1294:
352:
145:
1066:
1071:
170:
Spinal or neurogenic claudication is not due to lack of blood supply, but rather it is caused by nerve root compression or
1221:
838:
853:
714:
132:) most often refers to cramping pains in the buttock or leg muscles, especially the calves. It is caused by poor
1172:
984:
266:
is poor; patients with intermittent claudication due to atherosclerosis are at increased risk of death from
1289:
1209:
914:
205:
while chewing. This is caused by insufficiency of the arteries supplying the jaw muscles, associated with
1304:
1299:
1026:
1016:
271:
259:
1405:
1056:
1031:
848:
777:
707:
1430:
1373:
1021:
974:
824:
787:
137:
123:
182:
or fragments from previously herniated discs (post-operative), scar tissue from previous surgeries,
1415:
1228:
1182:
1177:
1001:
979:
671:
277:
The prognosis for neurogenic claudication is good if the cause of it can be addressed surgically.
1470:
1452:
934:
929:
893:
863:
274:), because the same disease that affects the legs is often present in the arteries of the heart.
165:
614:
1442:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1251:
1187:
829:
730:
267:
224:
179:
1447:
1192:
1051:
1043:
1011:
898:
102:
1361:
1356:
1160:
952:
531:
247:
206:
550:"Epidemiology, classification, and modifiable risk factors of peripheral arterial disease"
8:
1437:
1204:
660:
610:
1351:
1261:
843:
576:
549:
446:
421:
392:
367:
325:
298:
133:
109:
would be understood more exactly locally but is on the order of 100 meters (328 feet).
665:
1142:
1091:
991:
682:
581:
513:
478:
451:
397:
330:
149:
30:
347:
1147:
796:
699:
571:
561:
505:
441:
433:
387:
379:
320:
310:
194:
175:
43:
1339:
1334:
1246:
969:
924:
804:
676:
263:
153:
141:
383:
365:
1388:
1238:
1101:
1061:
996:
957:
868:
509:
366:
Simon RW, Simon-Schulthess A, Simon-Schulthess A, Amann-Vesti BR (April 2007).
91:
687:
566:
1489:
1256:
919:
437:
315:
1083:
1397:
1309:
1124:
814:
757:
585:
517:
482:
455:
401:
334:
86:
but it can also affect the feet, thighs, hips, buttocks, or arms. The word
63:
39:
174:
of the spinal canal, usually from a degenerative spine, most often at the
148:
to the affected area; individuals with intermittent claudication may have
1462:
858:
636:
1378:
1368:
1329:
1273:
1266:
1096:
240:
183:
83:
1132:
873:
809:
765:
748:
743:
536:
79:
75:
35:
1346:
948:
885:
819:
770:
468:
171:
71:
67:
739:
648:
152:— often undiagnosed. Another cause, or exacerbating factor, is
178:. This may result from many factors, including bulging disc,
1115:
422:"Management of peripheral arterial disease in primary care"
495:
202:
198:
128:
Intermittent vascular (or arterial) claudication (Latin:
296:
246:
Neurogenic claudication can be treated surgically with
729:
626:
297:Comer CM, Redmond AC, Bird HA, Conaghan PG (2009).
419:
1496:Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries
1487:
541:
408:
359:
287:
415:
413:
411:
292:
290:
715:
420:Burns P, Gough S, Bradbury AW (March 2003).
140:. The poor blood flow is often a result of
1295:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
722:
708:
547:
136:of the blood to the affected area, called
575:
565:
445:
391:
353:The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
324:
314:
217:
117:
159:
16:Any impairment or discomfort in walking
1488:
1067:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
703:
1072:Generalized essential telangiectasia
341:
66:usually referring to impairment in
13:
14:
1507:
596:
1222:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
603:
258:The prognosis for patients with
1173:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
524:
489:
462:
1:
985:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
839:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
280:
53:adrenoceptors alpha 1/alpha 2
1290:Chronic venous insufficiency
915:Aortoiliac occlusive disease
253:
234:
212:
7:
1305:Inferior vena cava syndrome
1300:Superior vena cava syndrome
1027:Vertebral artery dissection
1017:Intracranial berry aneurysm
384:10.1136/bmj.39036.624306.68
368:"Intermittent claudication"
348:Peripheral Arterial Disease
260:peripheral vascular disease
138:peripheral arterial disease
10:
1512:
1406:Hypertensive heart disease
1057:Arteriovenous malformation
1032:Familial aortic dissection
510:10.1016/j.joms.2010.02.027
163:
121:
1461:
1431:Renovascular hypertension
1396:
1387:
1374:Hepatic artery thrombosis
1322:
1282:
1237:
1141:
1123:
1114:
1082:
1042:
1022:Carotid artery dissection
975:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
947:
907:
884:
825:Intermittent claudication
795:
788:Peripheral artery disease
786:
756:
738:
630:
567:10.2147/vhrm.2007.3.2.229
532:Spinal Stenosis~treatment
142:atherosclerotic blockages
124:Intermittent claudication
49:
29:
24:
1416:Hypertensive nephropathy
1229:Post-thrombotic syndrome
1210:Paget–Schroetter disease
1002:Coronary artery aneurysm
980:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
438:10.1136/bmj.326.7389.584
316:10.1186/1471-2474-10-121
303:BMC Musculoskelet Disord
176:"L4-L5" or "L5-S1" level
130:claudicatio intermittens
112:
1471:Orthostatic hypotension
1453:White coat hypertension
930:Fibromuscular dysplasia
894:Carotid artery stenosis
166:Neurogenic claudication
70:, or pain, discomfort,
1443:Pulmonary hypertension
1426:Secondary hypertension
1421:Essential hypertension
1411:Hypertensive emergency
1252:Portacaval anastomosis
1188:Portal vein thrombosis
830:Critical limb ischemia
731:Cardiovascular disease
554:Vasc Health Risk Manag
498:J Oral Maxillofac Surg
268:cardiovascular disease
218:Differential diagnosis
189:
1448:Systolic hypertension
1193:Renal vein thrombosis
1052:Arteriovenous fistula
1044:Vascular malformation
1012:Intracranial aneurysm
899:Renal artery stenosis
118:Intermittent vascular
1362:Paradoxical embolism
1357:Cholesterol embolism
1183:May–Thurner syndrome
1178:Budd–Chiari syndrome
1161:Deep vein thrombosis
1156:primarily lower limb
935:Raynaud's phenomenon
356:Professional Edition
248:spinal decompression
207:giant cell arteritis
160:Spinal or neurogenic
1438:Benign hypertension
548:Shammas NW (2007).
1352:Pulmonary embolism
1262:Esophageal varices
1200:upper limb / torso
844:Arteriolosclerosis
613:has a profile for
103:city street blocks
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1323:Arteries or veins
1318:
1317:
1143:Venous thrombosis
1110:
1109:
1092:Cherry hemangioma
992:Aortic dissection
943:
942:
778:Buerger's disease
697:
696:
619:
154:excessive sitting
98: 'to limp'.
57:
56:
19:Medical condition
1503:
1394:
1393:
1205:Mondor's disease
1148:Thrombophlebitis
1121:
1120:
797:Arteriosclerosis
793:
792:
754:
753:
724:
717:
710:
701:
700:
628:
627:
617:
607:
606:
590:
589:
579:
569:
545:
539:
528:
522:
521:
493:
487:
486:
466:
460:
459:
449:
417:
406:
405:
395:
363:
357:
345:
339:
338:
328:
318:
294:
195:Jaw claudication
44:vascular surgery
22:
21:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1457:
1383:
1340:Microangiopathy
1335:Macroangiopathy
1314:
1278:
1247:Gastric varices
1233:
1146:
1137:
1106:
1078:
1038:
970:Aortic aneurysm
956:
939:
925:Erythromelalgia
903:
880:
805:Atherosclerosis
782:
746:
734:
728:
698:
693:
692:
639:
625:
624:
623:
608:
604:
599:
594:
593:
546:
542:
529:
525:
494:
490:
467:
463:
432:(7389): 584–8.
418:
409:
364:
360:
346:
342:
295:
288:
283:
264:atherosclerosis
256:
237:
220:
215:
197:is pain in the
192:
168:
162:
126:
120:
115:
90:comes from
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1509:
1499:
1498:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1391:
1389:Blood pressure
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1239:Varicose veins
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1102:Spider angioma
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:Vascular nevus
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1062:Telangiectasia
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1004:
999:
997:Aortic rupture
994:
989:
988:
987:
982:
977:
962:
960:
958:pseudoaneurysm
945:
944:
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
911:
909:
905:
904:
902:
901:
896:
890:
888:
882:
881:
879:
878:
877:
876:
871:
869:Oxycholesterol
866:
861:
856:
851:
841:
835:
834:
833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
801:
799:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
774:
773:
762:
760:
751:
736:
735:
727:
726:
719:
712:
704:
695:
694:
691:
690:
679:
668:
653:
640:
635:
634:
632:
631:Classification
609:
602:
601:
600:
598:
597:External links
595:
592:
591:
540:
523:
488:
461:
407:
358:
340:
285:
284:
282:
279:
255:
252:
236:
233:
219:
216:
214:
211:
191:
188:
180:herniated disc
164:Main article:
161:
158:
122:Main article:
119:
116:
114:
111:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
33:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1508:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:Caput medusae
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
971:
967:
964:
963:
961:
959:
954:
950:
946:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
920:Degos disease
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
906:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
887:
883:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
802:
800:
798:
794:
791:
789:
785:
779:
776:
772:
769:
768:
767:
764:
763:
761:
759:
755:
752:
750:
745:
741:
737:
732:
725:
720:
718:
713:
711:
706:
705:
702:
689:
685:
684:
680:
678:
674:
673:
669:
667:
663:
662:
658:
654:
651:
650:
646:
642:
641:
638:
633:
629:
621:
620:
616:claudication
612:
587:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
560:(2): 229–34.
559:
555:
551:
544:
538:
534:
533:
527:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
492:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:J Orofac Pain
465:
457:
453:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
416:
414:
412:
403:
399:
394:
389:
385:
381:
378:(7596): 746.
377:
373:
369:
362:
355:
354:
349:
344:
336:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
293:
291:
286:
278:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
251:
249:
244:
242:
232:
228:
226:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
167:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
125:
110:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
52:
48:
45:
41:
37:
34:
32:
28:
23:
1398:Hypertension
1310:Venous ulcer
1216:
1199:
1167:
1155:
1125:Inflammation
1006:
965:
854:Hyperplastic
815:Fatty streak
758:Inflammation
681:
670:
655:
643:
615:
557:
553:
543:
530:
526:
504:(1): 36–40.
501:
497:
491:
477:(4): 360–5.
474:
470:
464:
429:
425:
375:
371:
361:
351:
343:
306:
302:
276:
272:heart attack
257:
245:
238:
229:
221:
193:
169:
129:
127:
106:
100:
95:
88:claudication
87:
64:medical term
60:Claudication
59:
58:
40:rheumatology
25:Claudication
1463:Hypotension
1007:head / neck
859:Cholesterol
749:capillaries
184:osteophytes
134:circulation
1379:Vasculitis
1369:Thrombosis
1330:Angiopathy
1274:Varicocele
1267:Hemorrhoid
1097:Halo nevus
953:dissection
744:arterioles
683:DiseasesDB
618:(Q2888709)
281:References
241:Cilostazol
96:claudicare
1133:Phlebitis
874:Trans fat
810:Foam cell
766:Arteritis
733:(vessels)
537:eMedicine
254:Prognosis
235:Treatment
213:Diagnosis
76:tiredness
50:Treatment
36:Neurology
31:Specialty
1490:Category
1347:Embolism
949:Aneurysm
886:Stenosis
820:Atheroma
771:Aortitis
740:Arteries
586:17580733
518:20674120
483:19888487
456:12637405
402:17413176
335:19796387
225:stenosis
172:stenosis
150:diabetes
146:proximal
72:numbness
1168:abdomen
849:Hyaline
677:D007383
652:: I73.9
611:Scholia
577:1994028
447:1125476
393:1847882
326:2762954
309:: 121.
262:due to
78:in the
68:walking
584:
574:
516:
481:
454:
444:
400:
390:
333:
323:
270:(e.g.
84:calves
1283:Other
1116:Veins
966:torso
908:Other
666:443.9
144:more
113:Types
107:block
94:
92:Latin
74:, or
62:is a
1217:head
747:and
688:2777
672:MeSH
661:9-CM
582:PMID
514:PMID
479:PMID
452:PMID
398:PMID
331:PMID
80:legs
864:LDL
657:ICD
645:ICD
572:PMC
562:doi
535:at
506:doi
442:PMC
434:doi
430:326
426:BMJ
388:PMC
380:doi
376:334
372:BMJ
350:at
321:PMC
311:doi
203:ear
201:or
199:jaw
190:Jaw
1492::
968::
951:/
742:,
686::
675::
664::
649:10
580:.
570:.
556:.
552:.
512:.
502:69
500:.
475:23
473:.
450:.
440:.
428:.
424:.
410:^
396:.
386:.
374:.
370:.
329:.
319:.
307:10
305:.
301:.
289:^
250:.
209:.
42:,
38:,
1145:/
955:/
723:e
716:t
709:v
659:-
647:-
637:D
622:.
588:.
564::
558:3
520:.
508::
485:.
458:.
436::
404:.
382::
337:.
313::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.