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and health. Many parents of students within the school expressed admiration for the school because it promoted values such as companionship, brotherhood, and aversion from trouble with the law. As for the students, they too valued the school's teachings, as it provided more information on their ancestors, spiritual teachings, and social difficulties experienced by blacks in the US- all of which helped to broaden their perspectives and learn more about their place in society.
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502:. Like Fard Muhammad, the founder of the Nation of Islam, Sister Clara understood the importance of their follower’s education as a vehicle for success in a predominantly white society. She had more schooling than her husband, Elijah Muhammad, and assisted him in his studies in order for him to better understand assigned teachings and engage in activities that required literacy skills
471:, whom they met after leaving Cordele, Georgia. They had to relocate to Detroit because of the financial hardship caused by prejudice and low earnings. Despite moving to Detroit, Clara suffered with her marriage, since Elijah was an alcoholic and a gambling addict. This worsened the family’s financial predicament. However, their lives changed dramatically once they met W.D. Fard.
508:
Within the
University of Islam, both Fard and Clara supported the idea of wanting to protect their children from the racism experienced by black students in public schools, providing high level teaching in subjects such as math, science, and english, along with teachings on proper hygiene, astrology,
474:
Clara
Muhammad started attending W.D. Fard’s lectures, where he introduced his interpretation of Islam to African Americans during the Great Depression, attracting followers by promising a way out of racial misery and suffering. Through Clara’s interest in his lectures, she became the reason that her
478:
Sister Clara
Muhammad played a crucial role in supporting her husband’s ministry. She was akin to the “preacher’s wife” in Christian churches, fulfilling various duties such as playing the piano during services, teaching Sunday school, and accompanying her husband during his trips. She guided the
520:. Sister Clara faced challenges, including legal harassment when authorities tried to force her children back into public schools. She defended her decision to educate her children at the University of Islam, even at the risk of facing legal repercussions.
452:. They married in Georgia in 1917, when she was 17 and he was 20 years old, before he changed his name from Elijah Poole. Between 1917 and 1939, Elijah and Clara Muhammad had eight children: six boys and two girls, including
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However, children's attendance at the schools was considered truancy and resulted in prosecutions and violent confrontations between Temple members and police in
479:
organization during her husband's absence from 1935 to 1946 as he fled death threats from rival temple leaders and was then incarcerated for
133:
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Clara
Muhammad died on August 12, 1972, after a long bout with stomach cancer. She was buried at Mount Glenwood Memory Gardens South in
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schools, which provided education for NOI members' children, considered one of the nation's early versions of religious
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in her honor. There are now roughly 75 Clara
Muhammad Schools across the country, including the
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444:, the daughter of Mary Lou (Thomas) and Quartus Evans. She was the wife of
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Rosemary
Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon, et al.,
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husband Elijah became the minister in the Allah Temple of Islam (ATOI).
463:, Muhammad is credited with introducing her husband to the teachings of
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547:, who assumed leadership of the Nation of Islam in 1975, renamed the
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Witnessing & Testifying: Black Women, Religion, and Civil Rights
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In the NOI's earliest days she helped establish and run the
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The
Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The
Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The
Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The
Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
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The Promise of Patriarchy: Women and the Nation of Islam
440:; November 2, 1899 – August 12, 1972) was born in
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An Original Man: The Life and Times of Elijah Muhammad
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Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America
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The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad
559:in Boston, Massachusetts and in Atlanta, Georgia.
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532:Grave at Mount Glenwood Memory Gardens South
16:American Nation of Islam leader (1899–1972)
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913:. University of North Carolina Press.
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888:. University of North Carolina Press.
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839:. University of North Carolina Press.
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814:. University of North Carolina Press.
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789:. University of North Carolina Press.
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764:. University of North Carolina Press.
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739:. University of North Carolina Press.
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684:. University of North Carolina Press.
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659:. University of North Carolina Press.
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634:. University of North Carolina Press.
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609:. University of North Carolina Press.
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233:Message to the Blackman in America
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935:University of Indiana Press, 2006
461:First Lady of the Nation of Islam
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147:Nation of Islam and antisemitism
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577:"Ancestry of Elijah Muhammad"
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553:Sister Clara Muhammad Schools
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615:10.5149/9781469633947_taylor
557:Sister Clara Muhammad School
262:Muhammad University of Islam
7:
907:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017).
882:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017).
833:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017).
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758:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017).
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709:, St. Martin's Griffin 1998
678:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017).
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603:Taylor, Ula Yvette (2017).
290:American Society of Muslims
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962:Deaths from stomach cancer
343:Peace Movement of Ethiopia
967:Family of Elijah Muhammad
362:Your Black Muslim Bakery
205:A Torchlight for America
972:African-American people
703:Claude Andrew Clegg III
338:New Black Panther Party
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300:United Nation of Islam
181:Millions More Movement
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496:Muslim Girls Training
353:Church of Scientology
322:Related organizations
267:Muslim Girls Training
71:Wallace Fard Muhammad
545:Warith Deen Mohammed
454:Warith Deen Muhammad
328:Black Dragon Society
272:Star Chamber Academy
134:Beliefs and theology
86:Warith Deen Mohammed
861:Fortress Press 2003
549:University of Islam
492:University of Islam
393:Politics portal
295:Five-Percent Nation
284:Offshoots and sects
593:Random House, 2001
538:Glenwood, Illinois
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226:How to Eat to Live
48:Satokata Takahashi
857:Rosetta E. Ross,
518:Chicago, Illinois
514:Detroit, Michigan
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176:Million Man March
96:Tynnetta Muhammad
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198:Publications
106:Ava Muhammad
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957:1972 deaths
952:1899 births
438:Clara Poole
434:Clara Evans
333:Black Mafia
42:Influencers
946:Categories
563:References
543:Her son,
469:W.D. Fard
358:Yusuf Bey
81:Malcolm X
481:sedition
467:founder
116:James 3X
26:a series
24:Part of
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448:leader
348:El Rukn
170:History
65:Leaders
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