984:
in
America's inner cities: "I'm really not knowin' who to blame or fault / for this tension / I mention this gump / Yakub's cavey / the blue-eyed punk / playin' both sides against each other / now that's the real mutha." In 1990 Grand Puba of Brand Nubian announced that his calling was to bring enlightenment to black people and an end to white domination. "Here comes the god to send the devil right back to his cave. We're gonna drop the bomb on the Yakub crew".
418:
913:, saying that "Yakub has an irksome memorability as a crude but pungent Gnostic Demiurge". Nathaniel Deutsch also notes that Fard and Muhammad draw on the concept of the Demiurge, along with traditions of esotericism in Biblical interpretation, absorbing aspects of Biblical tales to the new narrative, such as the swords of the Muslim warriors keeping the "white devils" from Paradise, like the flaming sword of the angel protecting the
658:. In the Nuwaubian telling of the Yakub myth, 17 million years before the first of many "intergalactic battles", the ancestors of black people — given a variety of names, including Riziquians, meaning "providers" — were gods, but subservient to the "Supreme God". Riziquians lived in another galaxy on a planet known as "Rizk", which was located in the "Original Tri-Solar System" which featured a "moveable throne"/spaceship, Nibiru.
405:
666:. Shaitan had been asked by the supreme god to move, either off the planet entirely or to a different location on it. He refused, and instead set off an atomic explosion "like an H-bomb", destroying part of the atmosphere. The scientists of the planet were able to repair it with gold, but there wasn't enough gold on the planet, necessitating excursions into space on the Nibiru to mine gold from planet
716:, Chairman of Harvard University's Afro-American Studies Department, asked him whether the story was a metaphor or literal. Farrakhan claimed that aspects of the story had been proven accurate by modern genetic science and insisted that "Personally, I believe that Yakub is not a mythical figure—he is a very real scientist. Not a big-head silly thing, as they would like to say".
683:, the gland responsible for these psychic powers was removed from the human brain by the Riziquians. Yakub was born with two brains (the Nuwaubian explanation for the size of his large head), making him a genius capable of gene-splicing experiments, which resulted in white people. After his experiments were finished, one of his brains exploded, resulting in his death.
619:), and stripped of everything but the language. Once there, they were roped in, to keep them out of Paradise. The soldiers patrolled the border armed with swords, to prevent the devils from crossing". For many centuries they lived a barbaric life, surviving naked in caves and eating raw meat, but were eventually drawn out of the caves by
940:, creating a mythic version of "attacks on AngloSaxon lineage and behavior that had been voiced by more mainstream black thinkers during the nineteenth century. With these references the Muslims replicated the images of European savagery in the Middle Ages that were so pervasive in nineteenth-century black racial thought".
36:
702:, many Muslims reacted with shock upon hearing about the doctrine of Yakub, which, while present in NOI theology, does not appear in mainstream Islam. He rejected the story in his later statements, asserting that anyone of any race who intentionally deprives others of basic human rights is a "devil".
567:
This insight led to a plan to create a new people. He "saw an unlike human being, made to attract others, who could, with the knowledge of tricks and lies, rule the original black man". By the age of 18, he had exhausted all knowledge in the universities of Mecca. He then discovered that the original
591:
was created. The brutal conditions of their creation determined the evil nature of the new race: "by lying to the black mother of the baby, this lie was born into the very nature of the white baby; and, murder for the black people was also born in them—or made by nature a liar and murderer". All the
983:
This pseudoscientific theory of racial formation was embraced by rap nationalists like former Ice Cube protégé Kam in his 1995 song "Keep tha Peace." A self-proclaimed member of the Nation, Kam presented organizational doctrine as a way to explain the roots of black-on-black crime and gang violence
962:
Baraka turns the Nation's myth into a reinterpretation of the Faust story and a simultaneous meditation on the role and function of art. As with Faust, Jacoub's individualism and egotism are his undoing, but his failings also signal the destruction of a community. Baraka's version of the story also
539:
According to the story, at the start of human history, a variety of types of black people inhabited the moon; when a black "god-scientist" became frustrated that all those living on the moon did not speak one language, he blew up the moon. A piece of this destroyed moon became the Earth, which was
935:
Several commentators state that the story, by associating blacks with ancient high civilizations and whites with cave-dwelling barbarians and gorillas, both uses and spectacularly reverses the populist and scientific racism of the era which identified
Africans as primitive, or closer to apes than
630:
However, the whites had learned to use "tricknology"; a plan to use their trickery and lack of empathy and emotion to usurp power and enslave the black population, bringing the first slaves to
America. According to NOI doctrine, Yakub's progeny were destined to rule for 6,000 years before the
967:
In Baraka's version the experiment creates a single
Frankenstein-like "white" monster who kills Jacoub and the other magician-scientists and bites a woman, transforming her in a vampire-like way into a white-devil mate for himself. From this monstrous couple the white race is descended.
958:(1965) takes inspiration from the story of Yakub. According to critic Melani McAlister, "the character of Yakub, now called Jacoub, is introduced as one of three 'Black Magicians' who together symbolize the black origin of all religions". McAlister argues that
932:: a story grounded in a mythological view of history that explained the fall of black civilization, the Middle Passage from Africa to the Americas, and the practice of Christian religion among slaves and their descendants".
995:
also refers to the story in his song "Party for Your Right to Fight", referring to the Yakub story by attributing the deaths of
African American radicals to the "grafted devils" conspiring against the "Black Asiatic Man".
661:
In their telling the original protective atmospheric layer of this planet, necessary to protect from the UV rays of its three suns, had been destroyed by an evil being who was the leader of the fallen angels,
853:. On his deathbed Ya'qub lamented his decision to allow these Shibanis (as they came to be called) to form an enclave on Moroccan soil, thereby posing a potential threat to the stability of the
544:. Yakub was born a short distance outside the city, and was among the third of original black people who were discontented with life in this society. A member of the Meccan branch of the
612:: "A few were lucky enough to make a start, and got as far as what you call the gorilla. In fact, all of the monkey family are from this 2,000 year history of the white race in Europe".
833:". Allen says the Yakub story could conceivably have been influenced by a real historical event during the struggle between Muslims and Christians for control of Spain. Muslim leader
725:
continues to publish articles asserting the truth of the story, arguing that modern science supports the accuracy of Elijah
Muhammad's account of Yakub. The NOI splinter groups the
608:. Elijah Muhammad also asserted that some of the new white race "tried to graft themselves back into the black nation, but they had nothing to go by". As a result, they became
706:, who took over the Nation of Islam after his father Elijah's death, rejected it almost immediately and tried to re-invent the Nation as a mainstream Sunni Islam movement.
818:, "so when it says Jacob wrestled with an angel, 'angel' is only used as a symbol to hide the one he was really wrestling with". However, Malcolm X also states that
963:
draws on the
Frankenstein tale; he conflates the six hundred years of Elijah Muhammad's "history" into a single, terrible moment of the creation of a monster.
917:
in
Genesis. Yusuf Nuruddin also compared the Yakub story to the Genesis story, with the opposing group to the initial utopian society being comparable to the
584:
regime, starting to breed out the black traits of his followers, killing all darker babies, and succeeded in creating a brown race after 200 years.
880:", whose people evolved into "a race of scientific geniuses with large heads". Drew's followers said this was supported by the large heads of the
623:
who "taught them to wear clothes". Moses tried to civilize them, but eventually gave up and blew up 300 of the most troublesome white people with
2153:
1814:
Nuruddin, Yusuf. "African-American
Muslims and the Question of Identity Between Traditional Islam, African Heritage, and the American Way". In
921:
in the Garden of Eden. In his view the story of the later expulsion of Yakub was comparable to the expulsion of Adam and Eve, as well as the
1935:(2006). "A Black Mass as Black Gothic: Myth and Biosacience in Black Cultural Nationalism". In Collins, Lisa Gail; Crawford, Margo (eds.).
1245:
163:
712:
reinstated the original Nation of Islam, and has reasserted his belief in the literal truth of the story of Yakub. In a 1996 interview,
1958:
Nuruddin, Yusuf (November 2006). "Ancient black astronauts and extraterrestrial Jihads: Islamic science fiction as urban mythology".
497:
The story has, throughout its history, caused disputes within the NOI. The story was originated in the writings of the NOI's founder
446:
2143:
845:
to labor on Yaqub's building projects. They were then set free and "allowed to form a valley settlement located somewhere between
679:
with their own genomes, producing mankind to do it for them. Humans originally had various psychic abilities, but after wars and
1119:
826:
refers to his deeds: "John was Yacub. John was out there getting ready to make a new race, he said, for the word of the Lord".
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885:
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Yakub died at the age of 150, but his followers carried on his work. After 600 years of this deliberate eugenics system, the
1733:
971:
According to
Charise L. Cheney, the doctrine of Yakub has had a significant influence in rap culture, referring to raps by
1326:
1912:
1658:
527:
262:
2188:
1823:
Allen, Ernest. "Identity and Destiny: The Formative Views of the Moorish Science Temple and the Nation of Islam". In
2103:
Finley, Stephen C. (2022). "Elijah Muhammad, the Myth of Yakub, and the Critique of 'Whitenized' Black Embodiment".
1456:
176:
673:
The Riziquians did not want to mine gold, believing it was beneath their status as angels. They spliced genes of
540:
then populated by a community of surviving, morally righteous black people, some of whom settled in the city of
2163:
1890:
1838:
860:
Yusuf Nuruddin says that a more direct source was the doctrine of the "Yacobites" or "Yakubites" propounded by
799:
692:
888:; Nuruddin argues this indicated that the Yakub myth was influenced by the Moorish Science Temple's theology.
791:
theories of the time. The story of Yakub includes Jews as part of a wider artificially created "white" race.
439:
1293:
1275:
291:
592:
races other than the black race were by-products of Yakub's (spelled Yacub in the biography) work, as the
2168:
2148:
1635:
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were an "artificial race" created by interbreeding and dependent on "tricks and lies" already existed in
319:
2198:
2085:
2017:
1867:
1773:
721:
593:
372:
241:
600:" process; however, the "black race" included Asian peoples, considered to be shared ancestors of the
1604:
1556:
834:
814:, it was the government of the day". This was because Yakub was seeking funds for his expedition to
2173:
1940:
432:
391:
234:
55:
615:
The new race traveled to Mecca, where they caused so much trouble they were exiled to "West Asia (
1960:
1796:
1689:
1525:
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367:
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865:
730:
647:
329:
210:
145:
1253:
2178:
2108:
1575:
918:
901:
830:
829:
Ernest Allen argues that "the Yakub myth may have been created out of whole cloth by Prophet
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The doctrine of Yakub was one of the reasons for splits in the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X in
514:
498:
382:
296:
100:
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original black peoples of the world regained dominance, the end of which was the year 1914.
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992:
703:
357:
301:
115:
868:, to which Fard had probably belonged before he founded the NOI. According to Drew, early
8:
1739:
1581:
1533:
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324:
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in several writings, most fully in a chapter entitled "The Making of Devil" in his book
1994:
1720:
1618:
1522:
The White Image in the Black Mind: African-American Ideas about White People, 1830–1925
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77:
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In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam
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205:
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The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000
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339:
334:
182:
170:
130:
1684:
Deutsch, Nathaniel (2000). "The Proximate Other The Nation of Islam and Judaism".
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Brothers Gonna Work It Out: Sexual Politics in the Golden Age of Rap Nationalism
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1932:
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819:
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286:
281:
140:
82:
22:
2116:
1973:
779:'s Yakub has some parallels to the Biblical Jacob's role as the father of the
2137:
2025:
1981:
881:
776:
680:
1887:
Encounters: Culture, Media, and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945–2000
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Black Crescent: The Experience and Legacy of African Muslims in the Americas
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35:
501:, but was rejected by some of its later leaders. Under its current leader
1464:
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841:(1195). After the battle, 40,000 European prisoners of war were taken to
699:
362:
1468:
572:" and a "brown germ". With 59,999 followers, he went to an "isle in the
517:, the founder of the Nation of Islam, in his doctrinal Q&A pamphlet
417:
2082:
Competing Visions of Islam in the United States: A Study of Los Angeles
1724:
976:
798:, Yakub is identified completely with Jacob. Referring to the story of
588:
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475:
387:
110:
1716:
1320:
929:
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624:
609:
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487:
1322:"Ain't No Spook God": Religiosity in the Nation of Gods and Earths
1577:
The American Religion: The Emergence of the Post Christian Nation
1517:
988:
906:
842:
663:
377:
905:
argues that Yakub combines elements of the biblical God and the
1991:
Black Myths and Black Madness: Is Black Antisemitism Different?
815:
616:
577:
557:
505:, the NOI continues to assert that the story of Yakub is true.
491:
1989:
Ostow, Mortimer (1998). Helmreich, Alan; Marcus, Paul (eds.).
1686:
Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism
2107:. Religious Cultures of African and African Diaspora People.
936:
whites. This drew on earlier criticisms of white supremacist
873:
807:
762:
754:
667:
620:
601:
561:
541:
29:
2048:
The End of White World Supremacy: Four Speeches by Malcolm X
1005:
784:
474:(NOI). According to the NOI's doctrine, Yakub was a black
811:
1791:
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck; Esposito, John L., eds. (2000).
521:
from the early 1930s. It was developed by his successor
478:
who lived 6,600 years ago and began the creation of the
1655:
Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975
1276:"Myth or high science? Is there evidence of Mr. Yakub?"
576:
called Pelan", which Muhammad identified as modern-day
1707:
Gates, Henry Louis (Summer 1996). "Farrakhan Speaks".
654:: this is set out in a roughly 1,700 page book called
548:, Yakub acquired the nickname "big head", because of
766:
639:
An alternative version of the story was told by the
552:
and arrogance. At the age of six, he discovered the
2014:Black Nationalism in American Politics and Thought
1294:"National Geographic Proves Teaching on Mr. Yakub"
513:The story of Yakub originated in the writings of
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1480:
1478:
1824:
1815:
1790:
686:
16:Figure in the mythology of the Nation of Islam
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1038:
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1025:
1023:
1021:
1732:Gibson, Dawn-Marie; Berg, Herbert (2017).
1731:
1490:
1424:
1143:
1035:
447:
433:
1884:
1484:
1137:
1068:
28:For other people with the same name, see
2011:
1957:
1907:
1813:
1418:
1394:
1382:
1208:
1184:
1155:
1132:Yakub and the Origins of White Supremacy
1087:
1018:
806:told him that "Jacob was Yacub, and the
490:", while he was living on the island of
34:
1937:New Thoughts on the Black Arts Movement
1735:New Perspectives on the Nation of Islam
1683:
1318:
1107:
1105:
1050:
928:Edward Curtis calls the story "a black
736:
2154:Anti-white racism in the United States
2136:
2102:
2042:
1931:
1833:
1652:
1598:
1499:
1430:
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1196:
1081:
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470:) is a figure in the mythology of the
1988:
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1029:
943:
1861:
1793:Muslims on the Americanization Path?
1550:
1358:
1167:
1102:
733:also believe in the Yakub doctrine.
634:
1709:Transition: An International Review
1516:
1461:Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)
1442:
1327:Memorial University of Newfoundland
948:The American author and playwright
670:, where colonies were established.
534:
13:
2070:
1914:Message to the Blackman in America
1659:University of North Carolina Press
1534:10.1093/oso/9780195100457.001.0001
1246:"Echoes of Mr. Yakub After Patmos"
1173:
1130:. See also, Dorothy Blake Fardan,
1113:Message to the Blackman in America
698:notes that, in his travels in the
568:black man contained both a "black
528:Message to the Blackman in America
263:Message to the Blackman in America
14:
2215:
810:that Jacob wrestled with wasn't
416:
403:
177:Nation of Islam and antisemitism
2144:Alleged extraterrestrial beings
1509:
1448:
1436:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1312:
1286:
1268:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
876:"named Yakub who landed on the
580:. Once there, he established a
554:law of attraction and repulsion
1891:University of California Press
1840:The Autobiography of Malcolm X
1768:Gomez, Michael Angelo (2005).
1467:Public Library. Archived from
1252:. May 14, 2015. Archived from
1250:Nation of Islam Research Group
1161:
1149:
1056:
800:Jacob wrestling with the angel
519:Lost Found Moslem Lesson No. 2
21:For the prophet of Islam, see
1:
1653:Curtis, Edward E. IV (2006).
1011:
891:
822:was also Yakub, and that the
594:"red, yellow and brown" races
1825:Haddad & Esposito (2000)
1816:Haddad & Esposito (2000)
1667:10.5149/9780807877449_curtis
1128:Yakub: The Father of Mankind
292:Muhammad University of Islam
7:
1636:University of Alabama Press
1599:Cheney, Charise L. (2005).
999:
870:pre-Columbian civilizations
837:defeated the Franks at the
767:
749:variant of the name of the
687:Role in the Nation of Islam
604:. "Whites" were defined as
320:American Society of Muslims
10:
2220:
2086:Greenwood Publishing Group
2046:; Karim, Benjamin (1989).
2018:Cambridge University Press
2012:Robinson, Dean E. (2001).
1885:McAlister, Melani (2001).
1868:Cambridge University Press
1774:Cambridge University Press
1632:Social Darwinism in France
886:reflected African features
508:
373:Peace Movement of Ethiopia
27:
20:
2117:10.1515/9781478023418-003
1974:10.1080/08854300600950277
1917:. Elijah Muhammad Books.
1605:New York University Press
1557:New York University Press
1553:Elijah Muhammad and Islam
835:Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur
596:were created during the "
2189:Political Internet memes
2026:10.1017/CBO9780511606038
1941:Rutgers University Press
1630:Clark, Linda L. (1984).
1319:Andrews, Pamela (2013).
802:, Malcolm X states that
550:his unusually large head
392:Your Black Muslim Bakery
235:A Torchlight for America
39:Depiction of Yakub from
1961:Socialism and Democracy
1797:Oxford University Press
1690:Oxford University Press
1526:Oxford University Press
719:Farrakhan's periodical
368:New Black Panther Party
1843:(1st trade ed.).
1837:; Haley, Alex (1992).
1574:Bloom, Harold (1992).
1551:Berg, Herbert (2009).
1144:Gibson & Berg 2017
986:
965:
866:Moorish Science Temple
731:United Nation of Islam
648:new religious movement
330:United Nation of Islam
211:Millions More Movement
48:
2164:Legendary progenitors
2109:Duke University Press
2078:GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz
1134:, Lushena Books, 2001
981:
960:
902:The American Religion
884:, which they claimed
515:Wallace Fard Muhammad
499:Wallace Fard Muhammad
383:Church of Scientology
352:Related organizations
297:Muslim Girls Training
101:Wallace Fard Muhammad
38:
1862:Kidd, Colin (2006).
1740:Taylor & Francis
1582:Simon & Schuster
737:Origins of the story
704:Warith Deen Mohammed
358:Black Dragon Society
302:Star Chamber Academy
164:Beliefs and theology
116:Warith Deen Mohammed
1282:. October 24, 2010.
1032:, pp. 192, 213
727:Five-Percent Nation
462:(sometimes spelled
423:Politics portal
325:Five-Percent Nation
314:Offshoots and sects
2169:National mysticism
2149:Antisemitic tropes
2111:. pp. 15–45.
2088:. pp. 146ff.
1995:Praeger Publishers
1502:, pp. 81, 135
1455:Liukkonen, Petri.
1371:X & Karim 1989
1325:(Masters thesis).
1197:X & Haley 1992
1187:, pp. 161–163
1122:2006-09-04 at the
1053:, pp. 104–108
944:In popular culture
872:were founded by a
824:Book of Revelation
751:Biblical Patriarch
486:, referred to as "
484:selective breeding
482:through a form of
256:How to Eat to Live
78:Satokata Takahashi
49:
2199:Scientific racism
2126:978-1-4780-2341-8
2095:978-0-313-29951-3
2061:978-1-55970-006-1
2052:Arcade Publishing
2035:978-0-511-60603-8
2004:978-0-274-66070-4
1950:978-0-8135-3695-8
1924:978-1-884855-14-6
1900:978-0-520-22810-8
1877:978-0-521-79729-0
1854:978-0-345-37975-7
1806:978-0-19-513526-8
1783:978-0-521-60079-8
1749:978-1-317-29584-6
1699:978-0-19-511258-0
1676:978-0-8078-5771-7
1645:978-0-8173-0149-1
1614:978-0-8147-1613-7
1591:978-0-671-67997-2
1566:978-0-8147-9123-3
1543:978-0-19-771791-2
1487:, p. 105–107
1111:Elijah Muhammad,
878:Yucatan Peninsula
874:West African Moor
839:Battle of Alarcos
714:Henry Louis Gates
645:black supremacist
635:Nuwaubian version
457:
456:
206:Million Man March
126:Tynnetta Muhammad
2211:
2130:
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2065:
2039:
2008:
1985:
1954:
1928:
1909:Muhammad, Elijah
1904:
1889:. Berkeley, CA:
1881:
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1845:Ballantine Books
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759:English language
656:The Holy Tablets
641:Nuwaubian Nation
556:by playing with
546:Tribe of Shabazz
535:Original version
449:
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410:Islam portal
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1300:. May 23, 2013
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1395:Nuruddin 2006
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1304:September 19,
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1199:, p. 192
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1156:Muhammad 1973
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2179:Nuwaubianism
2104:
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2013:
1990:
1965:
1959:
1936:
1913:
1886:
1863:
1839:
1792:
1769:
1761:Google Books
1759:– via
1753:. Retrieved
1734:
1708:
1685:
1654:
1631:
1600:
1580:. New York:
1576:
1552:
1521:
1510:Bibliography
1469:the original
1460:
1450:
1438:
1433:, p. 11
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1321:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1260:November 18,
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1249:
1240:
1235:, p. 86
1228:
1216:
1211:, p. 46
1204:
1192:
1170:, p. 89
1163:
1151:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1115:(summarized
1112:
1058:
1051:Deutsch 2000
993:Public Enemy
987:
982:
970:
966:
961:
955:A Black Mass
953:
950:Amiri Baraka
947:
934:
927:
900:
899:in his book
897:Harold Bloom
895:
862:Timothy Drew
859:
828:
793:
740:
720:
718:
708:
694:
690:
676:Homo erectus
674:
672:
660:
655:
652:Malachi York
638:
629:
614:
586:
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276:Subsidiaries
261:
254:
247:
240:
233:
228:Publications
187:
136:Ava Muhammad
45:Holy Tablets
44:
18:
1755:November 3,
1623:j.ctt9qg0nz
1500:Cheney 2005
1465:Kuusankoski
1463:. Finland:
1431:Curtis 2006
1332:October 13,
1082:Nelson 2006
1063:Nelson 2006
923:fall of man
789:antisemitic
700:Middle East
363:Black Mafia
72:Influencers
2138:Categories
2044:X, Malcolm
1835:X, Malcolm
1407:Bloom 1992
1347:Clark 1984
1233:Ostow 1998
1221:Gates 1996
1097:Gomez 2005
1030:Allen 2000
1012:References
977:Grand Puba
892:Commentary
589:white race
574:Aegean Sea
480:white race
1982:0885-4300
1359:Kidd 2006
1168:Berg 2009
938:Nordicism
851:Marrakesh
796:Malcolm X
765:, and as
753:known as
741:The name
606:Europeans
598:bleaching
476:scientist
388:Yusuf Bey
111:Malcolm X
2204:Theodicy
2080:(1997).
1911:(1973).
1520:(2000).
1518:Bay, Mia
1443:Bay 2000
1120:Archived
1000:See also
952:'s play
930:theodicy
911:Demiurge
729:and the
625:dynamite
610:gorillas
582:despotic
560:made of
488:grafting
146:James 3X
56:a series
54:Part of
1725:2935354
989:Chuck D
907:Gnostic
843:Morocco
745:is the
664:Shaitan
650:run by
558:magnets
509:Summary
378:El Rukn
200:History
95:Leaders
2184:Patmos
2123:
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2032:
2001:
1980:
1947:
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816:Patmos
768:Ya'qob
747:Arabic
617:Europe
578:Patmos
492:Patmos
413:
58:on the
47:, 1993
2159:Jacob
1721:JSTOR
1619:JSTOR
919:snake
808:angel
763:Bible
755:Jacob
668:Earth
621:Moses
602:Moors
562:steel
542:Mecca
468:Yaqub
464:Yacub
460:Yakub
188:Yakub
30:Yakub
2121:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2056:ISBN
2030:ISBN
1999:ISBN
1978:ISSN
1945:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1872:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1757:2022
1744:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1671:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1538:ISBN
1334:2020
1306:2019
1262:2020
1117:here
1006:Xenu
975:and
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785:Jews
693:his
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1970:doi
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812:God
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