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1805:): It is based on the Ciyuan revised edition from the Beijing publisher, with horizontal text flow and explanations in vernacular Chinese, yet still uses traditional Chinese letters for explanations despite being marketed to mainland Chinese readers. It also includes Mandarin pronunciations in pinyin for head letters that are absent in the Additionally revised Ciyuan (in the Additionally revised Ciyuan, pronunciations are only shown in 3650: 279: 604:(辭源續編 "Source of words continuation/sequel"), compiled by Fang Yi (方毅, 1916–1997) and others, in two volumes totaling 1,702 pages. This supplementary dictionary comprises terms accidentally omitted from the 1915 edition, and new terms coined after it. Fang Yi's preface explained the reason for publishing an extended edition of the 561:
In recent years new terms and new affairs have flooded into China. People from less-informed backgrounds find it hard to understand what "new learning" is about because of terms that are incomprehensible. Those who had classical knowledge often ended up giving up on new learning. On the other hand,
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dictionary") for written Chinese characters. A character dictionary contains only the definition(s) and pronunciation(s) for a character in isolation, whereas a dictionary of words contains both individual characters and characters in words. Whereas a dictionary of discrete characters would have
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during 60 years of revisions and updates. They also added a number of important terms; for example, "under the character "wei" ( "entrust; committee"), the original edition had 49 compounds, while the revised edition deletes 12 of these but adds 29 more". Since citations in the first edition
1813:(棒球) is found in the Additionally revised Ciyuan, but not in the Continental edition Ciyuan revised edition), because the editors of the Ciyuan revised edition had switched the emphasis of Ciyuan to be a reference of old Chinese history and literature. 562:
those who went to study abroad did not understand what had already existed in their homeland when they returned. We therefore published this dictionary to indicate the history of and changes in the meanings of words, in the hopes of bridging that gap.
1410:): Based on the combined edition from the Beijing publisher, and also included the old book title at the inside of the book. Changes included replacing the original preface from the original combined edition with the Taiwan edition preface. 1 volume. 332:
in 1915, and reissued it in various formats, including a 1931 supplement, and a fully revised 1979–1984 edition. The latest (3rd) edition was issued in 2015 to commemorate the centenary anniversary of its first publication.
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idioms, classical references, and encyclopedic terms, such as Chinese and foreign personal and place names, book titles, and modern scientific terms. Its preface explained the lexicographical need for the
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texts for explanations that had been used in Ciyuan books printed before TCP had been established in Taiwan. Adds 29430 entries for total of 128074 entries in 11491 head characters. 2 volumes.
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in 1931: "Within more than a decade and following progressive developments in the world and changes within the political scene, it is natural that in science many new words have emerged". The
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were sometimes unclear as to sources, the editors of the revised edition rechecked every citation, corrected errors, and added references for authors and chapter numbers.
539:. Phrase and compound entries are grouped under their first character, arranged firstly according to their number of characters, and secondly according to their radicals. 3537: 2400:
Tsou, Benjamin K. (1990). "Towards a Comparative Study of Diachronic and Synchronic Lexical Variation in Chinese". In Michael Lackner; Natascha Vittinghoff (eds.).
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s emphasis on literary, historical and classical terms and to revise and augment it as a reference work for researchers and students of pre-modern Chinese".
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contains 12,980 head characters, under which are 84,134 definitions of phrases, totaling 11.3 million characters. Volume 4 has a pinyin index attached.
3088: 2743: 682:(1966–1976) halted compilation. Work resumed in 1976 as a cooperative effort between the Commercial Press and language scholars in the provinces of 721:. The editors deleted technical terms from natural and social sciences, and international words that had been appended into the original edition 3477: 1878:): It is a concise and updated version of the combined volume, with addition of 2 appendix entries (units of measurement, Chinese dynasties). 1809:
form or with the closest sounding letter). However, the vocabulary range is not the same as in the Additionally revised Ciyuan (for example,
3467: 3345: 1557:): It is a version of Ciyuan published by the Taiwan-based The Commercial Press, Ltd. It maintains the vertical text flow and the use of 3507: 2698: 2694: 1259:): Includes 14210 head letters, 92646 multi-letter entries, over 1000 pictures, and approximately 12 million characters. 2 volumes. 2736: 2066:): Based on the third edition from the Beijing version; this version adds over 6500 entries to the second edition. 2 volumes. 2063: 2014: 1981: 1959: 1948: 1937: 1875: 1802: 1720: 1363: 1341: 1317: 1295: 1281: 1256: 1198: 1168: 1072: 1031: 995: 974: 1284:) (2015-12-01): Supports Windows XP SP3 and above. Includes fuzzy search, simplified and traditional Chinese user interface. 474:"should remain a basic research tool for all students of China's pre-modern literature and history for many years to come". 3517: 3457: 592:"is far from exhaustive, and most of its illustrative quotations were taken from secondary sources without being checked". 3547: 2274: 1973: 1867: 1758: 1739: 1712: 1190: 1146: 1064: 1039: 1003: 966: 3487: 2729: 2140:): A version of the Ciyuan revised edition published in Taiwan-based Tiancheng (天成出版社). Changes include the use of 2144:
Mandarin, the removal of the romanized pronunciation character index and simplified and traditional Chinese index.
698:. The revised Volumes 1 through 4 were published in 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1984, respectively. The revised edition 486:, which is the first major Chinese dictionary of the 20th century, has been republished and revised repeatedly. 3682: 2365: 2343: 2325: 2303: 2252: 2193: 2123: 2041: 1992: 1908: 1845: 1780: 1746: 1727: 1676: 1635: 1591: 1540: 1484: 1434: 1393: 1234: 937: 803: 785: 179: 131: 40: 1823:
last revision (2008-06-24): 2 volumes. Includes 97,024 entries (12,890/84,134 single/multiple-letter entries).
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Ciyuan third edition network version (辭源第三版网络版) (2015): It is an online dictionary accessible via web browser.
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Ciyuan combined volume (辭源正續編合訂本): A compilation of previous 2 Ciyuan collections, with expansions. 1 volume.
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Revised edition PRC 60th anniversary commemorative edition (辞源(修訂本):建国60周年紀念版/辭源修訂本紀念版建國60周年)/Ciyuan 2009 (
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Ciyuan combined volume (辭源正續編合訂本): A photocopied reprint of the Ciyuan combined volume in 1939. 1 volume.
3378: 3672: 3422: 2721: 2277:): It is a single-volume version of the Ciyuan revised edition from the Beijing publisher. 1 volume. 3389: 342: 3527: 2712: 536: 532: 3441: 387: 2716: 2708: 2704: 747: 3687: 193: 3601: 3325: 3121: 675: 580:), meanings, and often with illustrative quotations from the Chinese classics. However, as 414: 255: 754: 8: 3189: 2440:
Creamer, Thomas B. I. (1992), "Lexicography and the history of the Chinese language", in
954:): Includes 12,890 head letters and 84,134 compound words, for a total of 97,024 entries. 679: 627:
had 65,555 entries and the 1939 edition has 88,074, nearly a 35% net increase in words.
3630: 3110: 3006: 2756: 2752: 1693:): Appendix sections for national census and Chinese dynasties were removed. 2 volumes. 710: 631: 585: 314: 299: 2680: 2653: 3692: 3591: 3017: 2995: 2984: 2951: 2361: 2321: 2270: 2059: 2010: 1977: 1969: 1955: 1944: 1933: 1871: 1863: 1798: 1754: 1735: 1716: 1708: 1558: 1359: 1337: 1313: 1291: 1277: 1252: 1194: 1186: 1164: 1142: 1068: 1060: 1035: 1027: 999: 991: 970: 962: 504: 467: 448: 3611: 3400: 3288: 714: 581: 516:. In 1915, Commercial Press, a major Chinese publishing house, issued the original 513: 325: 89: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 520:
in two volumes totaling 3,087 pages, available in large, medium, and small sizes.
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The third edition (辞源(第三版)) was published in 2015 following 8 years of editing.(
394: 362: 354: 223: 161: 63: 47: 3334: 3039: 2141: 110: 3666: 2896: 2841: 2210:) (1987-04): A version published by Taiwan-based Random House (藍燈文化事業股份有限公司). 357:"word/phrase dictionary") for spoken or written expressions, as opposed to a 2684: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2657: 3310: 3299: 3277: 3266: 2411:
Chinese Lexicology and Lexicography: A Selected and Classified Bibliography
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Ciyuan xiudingben centennial collectors' edition (辭源(修訂本)世紀珍藏本): 4 volumes.
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In 1969, Commercial Press in Taiwan published a one volume edition, with a
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In 1988, Commercial Press published a reduced-size, single volume edition
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Combined edition (辭源合訂本/辭源修訂本1-4合訂本): Compilation of 4 volumes. 1 volume.
623:(辭源正續合訂本) was a new extended edition, combined into one volume. The 1931 417:, is primarily made up of words and phrases, not independent characters. 1511:
2nd revision (1970-01): Adds 8700 entries for a total of 98644 entries.
1366:): A collection of 42 theses about Ciyuan's revision history. 1 volume. 452: 383: 375: 321: 310: 2874: 2830: 2751: 2081: 683: 577: 573: 524: 447:
has been popular with Chinese intellectuals. For example, during the
366: 124: 820:): Includes over 10,000 head letters, approximately 100,000 entries. 3222: 3167: 1810: 528: 232: 2606:, revised and enlarged ed., Harvard University Asia Center. p. 78. 3244: 3200: 2929: 2863: 2852: 1312:
Ciyuan third edition wire binding edition (辭源第三版线装本/辭源(第三版)線裝本) (
774: 687: 548: 397:, "dictionary"); a dictionary of words would include entries for 1379: 3567: 3178: 2907: 2393:
Lexicography: Reference Works across Time, Space, and Languages
2351: 2311: 2260: 2201: 2131: 2049: 2000: 1916: 1853: 1788: 1684: 1643: 1599: 1548: 1492: 1442: 1401: 1242: 945: 811: 793: 568: 278: 154: 2402:
Mapping Meanings: The Field of New Learning in Late Qing China
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focuses on classical terms and encyclopedic items relating to
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also cites sources of quotations in more detail than the core
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An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works
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Single-volume condensed edition (辭源2卷合訂本) (1991): 2 volumes.
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Continental edition Ciyuan single volume combined edition (
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included not only Chinese characters and phrases, but also
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Gutenberg in Shanghai: Chinese Print Capitalism, 1876–1937
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First edition (9th revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (8th revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (7th revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (6th revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (5th revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (4th revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (3rd revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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First edition (2nd revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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Ciyuan xubian (辭源續編): An expansion to the previous Ciyuan.
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First edition (1st revision by The Commercial Press, Ltd.)
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dictionaries. Hartmann says, "It was decided to maintain
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Chinese lexicographers began compiling the first edition
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Ciyuan by ACME Cultural Enterprise Co., Ltd. (Acmebooks)
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Spine of the Commercial Press single-volume 1974 edition
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Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
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Ciyuan by The Commercial Press (H.K.) Ltd. (Hong Kong)
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Ciyuan regular-continuation chapters revised edition (
1320:): 19 volumes in 3 boxes. Includes bi-colour printing. 1290:
Ciyuan third edition commemorative volume (辭源第三版纪念本) (
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Ciyuan revised combined edition large print volume (
198: 184: 2567: 1336:
Ciyuan revised reference information (《辞源》修订参考资料) (
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Ciyuan third edition USB drive version (辭源第三版優盤版) (
566:Each entry was followed by its pronunciation (with 428:辭 "take leave; decline; diction; phrase; word" and 2589:辞书类典, Zhongguo guangbo dianshi chubanshe. p. 241. 2555: 2543: 2082:Ciyuan by Zhongzhou Ancient Works Publishing House 436:詞源 "word origin; etymology", usually written with 432:源 "source; cause; origin" – is an old variant for 3089:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary 1185:Revised edition rearranged edition (辭源修訂本(重排版)) ( 646:began after a 1958 conference about revising the 523:It contained approximately 100,000 entries, with 3664: 2654:centennial (PRC 60th) anniversary edition (2009) 2596: 842:1st printing (1915–09 (publish)/1915-10 (print)) 827:large print silk binding (辭源甲種/甲大本): 12 volumes. 1358:Ciyuan research thesis collection (《辞源》研究论文集) ( 3449: 2434: 830:large print heavy paper (辭源乙種/乙大本): 2 volumes. 502:. They chiefly derived material from the 1710 237: 221: 3478:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language 2737: 2579: 2498:Teng, Ssu-yü and Biggerstaff, Knight (1971), 1380:Ciyuan by The Commercial Press, Ltd. (Taiwan) 1201:): This version uses laser layout. 2 volumes. 1171:): This version uses laser layout. 2 volumes. 836:medium print top paper (辭源丁種/丁中本): 2 volumes. 386:, "canon; standard"), it would not enter the 61: 45: 2502:, 3rd ed., Harvard University Press. p. 132. 2017:): Compilation of revised edition. 1 volume. 1779:Continental edition Ciyuan revised edition ( 1344:): An analysis of Ciyuan contents. 1 volume. 1141:Revised edition 2-volume edition (辭源(修訂本)) ( 839:small print top paper (辭源戊種/戊小本): 2 volumes. 833:large print top paper (辭源丙種/丙大本): 2 volumes. 512:(經籍簒詁) dictionary of characters used in the 336: 159: 3346:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects 933:Ciyuan draft manuscript (辭源修訂稿序例) (1964-07) 498:in 1908, with Lu Erkui (陸爾奎, 1862–1935) as 3649: 2744: 2730: 871:medium print top paper (辭源續編丁種): 1 volume. 3468:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary 2455: 2179: 2703:The Commercial Press (H.K.) Ltd. pages: 2681:Ciyuan edit reference information (2011) 2511: 2481: 2390: 2246:Ciyuan by Yuan-Liou Publishing Co., Ltd. 2192:Chinese Ciyuan all new revised edition ( 919:Ciyuan simplified edition (辞源简编本) (1949) 277: 1498:Ciyuan Xiuding Zhengzhuhepian Fubaopian 600:In 1931 Commercial Press published the 3665: 2442:History, Languages, and Lexicographers 2109: 1305:1st printing (2016-10-01(2016-01-01?)) 768:Ciyuan by The Commercial Press (China) 3560: 2725: 1608:): Adds over 7000 entries. 2 volumes. 1448:Ciyuan Zhengzhu Hepian Xiudingdaziben 455:carried two modern dictionaries, the 3518:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese 3458:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language 2573: 2561: 2549: 2537: 2408: 2399: 1451:): Includes 89944 entries. 1 volume. 880:4th post-disaster printing (1932–08) 877:1st post-disaster printing (1932–07) 3508:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary 2524: 2417: 1991:Ciyuan condensed combined edition ( 13: 2693:The Commercial Press, Ltd. pages: 2585:Huang Wenxing 黄文兴, et al. (1993), 1618:?th revision (1997-03): 2 volumes. 1615:?th revision (1991–??): 2 volumes. 1090:Deluxe edition (辭源豪华本): 2 volumes. 637: 14: 3704: 2613: 2420:Shanghai And the Edges of Empires 2101:1st printing (1993-08/1997-10-01) 1097:1st printing (辭源修訂本重排本) (1983–12) 302:linguistically structured around 3648: 2676:3rd edition wire binding version 2422:. University of Minnesota Press. 2287:6th Taiwan printing (1989-06-16) 2284:1st Taiwan printing (1988-05-01) 2040:Ciyuan all new revised edition ( 740: 489: 2619:Ciyuan Official Website : 2266:Daluban Ciyuan Danquanhedingben 762: 137: 3548:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary 3066: 3061: 3057: 2779: 2658:rearranged edition (2009–2013) 2530: 2517: 2356: 2347: 2316: 2307: 2265: 2256: 2206: 2197: 2136: 2127: 2054: 2045: 2005: 1996: 1921: 1912: 1858: 1849: 1793: 1784: 1750: 1731: 1689: 1680: 1648: 1639: 1604: 1595: 1553: 1544: 1497: 1488: 1447: 1438: 1406: 1397: 1247: 1238: 1059:Volume 4 (辭源四/辭源(修訂本)1-4第四册) ( 1026:Volume 3 (辭源三/辭源(修訂本)1-4第三册) ( 990:Volume 2 (辭源二/辭源(修訂本)1-4第二册) ( 961:Volume 1 (辭源一/辭源(修訂本)1-4第一册) ( 950: 941: 816: 807: 798: 789: 261: 199: 185: 116: 102: 62: 46: 1: 2808: 2685:Ciyuan research thesis (2009) 2668:3rd edition USB drive edition 2461:Reed, Christopher A. (2011), 2452:, Niemeyer, 105-135 (p. 120). 2384: 2237:Volume 4 (中文辭源第四冊/中文辭源(四)修訂本) 2234:Volume 3 (中文辭源第三冊/中文辭源(三)修訂本) 2231:Volume 2 (中文辭源第二冊/中文辭源(二)修訂本) 2217:Volume 1 (中文辭源第一冊/中文辭源(一)修訂本) 1675:Additionally revised Ciyuan ( 1634:Additionally revised Ciyuan ( 1590:Additionally revised Ciyuan ( 1539:Additionally revised Ciyuan ( 1483:Ciyuan supplemental edition ( 1407:Ciyuan Zhengzhupian Xiudngben 595: 409:. The Chinese language, both 3654:List of Chinese dictionaries 3498:The Five Thousand Dictionary 3488:A Chinese–English Dictionary 2602:Wilkinson, Endymion (2000), 2290:?th printing (1994, 1996–05) 717:up to 1840, the time of the 328:published the first edition 7: 3144:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian 2672:3rd edition network version 2625:The Commercial Press pages: 2448:, Series maior 41), ed. by 2413:. Chinese University Press. 2409:Yang, Paul Fu-mien (1985). 1700:11th revision (2008-03-24): 1111:1st/5th? printing (1988–07) 642:Plans for a second edition 10: 3709: 3379:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying) 2695:Zengxiu Ciyuan 9th edition 2404:. Brill. pp. 355–380. 2207:Zhongwen Ciyuan xiudingben 1968:Volumes 1–4 (辭源(1~4)修訂本) ( 477: 470:predicts that the revised 324:) used to write them. The 3646: 3583: 3440: 3423:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian 3414: 3359: 3324: 3157: 3053: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2713:Ciyuan Chuanxinxiudingben 2699:Daluban Ciyuan Xiudingben 2604:Chinese History: a manual 2391:Hartmann, R.R.K. (2003). 2378:?th printing (1996-03-15) 2375:?th printing (1995-11-01) 2335:?th printing (1992-09-01) 2122:Literary history Ciyuan ( 2055:Ciyuan Chuanxinxiudingben 1844:Ciyuan modified edition ( 1820:1st revision (1989-10-01) 1794:Daluban Ciyuan Xiudingben 1417:1st printing (1957-05-01) 1327:1st printing (2017-02-??) 1266:1st printing (2015-10-01) 1214:?th printing (2010-06-01) 1211:?th printing (2009-11-01) 1178:1st printing (2009-09-01) 1156:?th printing (2004-03-??) 1134:1st printing (2001-01-01) 1117:?th printing (1995-11-06) 1083:?th printing (1998-07-??) 1052:?th printing (1998-07-??) 1019:?th printing (1998-07-??) 985:?th printing (1998-06-??) 775:從400萬字到1200萬字:《辭源》一百年來的修訂 755:"快讯︱《辞源》第三版问世——九大修订、纸电同步" 670:(未定稿 "draft manuscript") 621:Ciyuan Zhengxu heding ben 337:Contents and significance 272: 254: 249: 245: 238: 231: 222: 215: 210: 192: 178: 173: 169: 160: 153: 148: 130: 123: 109: 95: 88: 83: 79: 71: 55: 39: 34: 30: 23: 3390:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin) 2224:1st impression (1987-04) 1907:Ciyuan revised edition ( 936:Ciyuan revised edition ( 535:, using the traditional 527:by individual character 440:詞 "word; term; speech". 313:) instead of individual 41:Traditional Chinese 3528:Grammata Serica Recensa 2650:2-volume version (2004) 2395:. Taylor & Francis. 1885:15th printing (1951–02) 1269:22nd printing (2015–10) 912:15th printing (1947–02) 674:was completed, but the 588:say, the first edition 57:Simplified Chinese 3596:(Tangut; 12th century) 2796:(first millennium BCE) 2717:Ciyuan Suoyinhedingben 2180:Ciyuan by Random House 2158:1st printing (1984–05) 2073:1st printing (2016–03) 2024:2nd printing (1987–10) 2006:Ciyuan Suoyinhedingben 1568:1st edition (1978–10): 1508:1st revision (1968-01) 1465:?th printing (1968–05) 1373:1st printing (2009–09) 1351:1st printing (2011–01) 1233:Ciyuan third edition ( 1217:6th printing (2013–07) 1208:1st printing (2009–09) 1080:1st printing (1983–12) 1049:1st printing (1981–02) 1016:4th printing (1987–08) 1013:1st printing (1980–08) 982:1st printing (1979–07) 909:3rd printing (1949–06) 906:1st printing (1939–06) 874:1st printing (1931–12) 845:2nd printing (1915–10) 564: 283: 3683:Chinese encyclopedias 2812: 3rd century BC 559: 420:The dictionary title 370:separate entries for 281: 3678:Chinese dictionaries 3602:Pentaglot Dictionary 3122:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian 1888:2nd? printing (1980) 1659:9th revision (2002?) 1574:7th? revision (1984) 1571:4th? revision (1979) 848:27th printing (1926) 748:"《辞源》出版百年 第三版全球同步首发" 676:anti-intellectualism 424:辭源 – which combines 298:was the first major 180:Revised Romanization 3190:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun 2110:Ciyuan by Tiancheng 1891:?th printing (1984) 1523:?th revision (1976) 1520:?th revision (1974) 1517:?th revision (1972) 1514:?th revision (1971) 1114:2nd printing (1989) 883:?th printing (1937) 705:Content of the new 680:Cultural Revolution 572:spelling, a common 537:214 Kangxi radicals 378:, "character") and 343:Chinese terminology 3631:Han-Han Dae Sajeon 3584:In other languages 3111:Zhongwen Da Cidian 3007:Zhonghua Da Zidian 2757:Chinese characters 2755:for scripts using 2467:, UBC Press. p. 3. 2418:Yue, Meng (2006). 2171:Volume 4 (文史辭源第四册) 2168:Volume 3 (文史辭源第三册) 2165:Volume 2 (文史辭源第二册) 2151:Volume 1 (文史辭源第一册) 1707:2-volume edition ( 711:Chinese literature 632:Four-Corner Method 586:Knight Biggerstaff 533:radical and stroke 466:The lexicographer 365:, lit. "character/ 300:Chinese dictionary 284: 16:Chinese dictionary 3660: 3659: 3642: 3641: 3592:Pearl in the Palm 3579: 3578: 3436: 3435: 3272:(c. 12th century) 3018:Xinhua Dictionary 2996:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu 2985:Kangxi Dictionary 2946:(c. 11th century) 2709:Ciyuan Xiudingben 2705:Ciyuan Gaipianben 2632:Revised edition: 2064:978-9-620-70409-3 2015:978-9-620-70092-7 1982:978-9-620-70038-5 1960:978-9-620-70036-1 1949:978-9-620-70007-1 1938:978-9-620-70051-4 1922:Ciyuan Xiudingben 1876:978-9-620-70057-6 1859:Ciyuan Gaipianben 1803:978-9-570-50659-4 1721:978-957-05-1373-8 1559:Classical Chinese 1364:978-7-100-06082-0 1342:978-7-100-08333-1 1318:978-7-100-12956-5 1296:978-7-100-12560-4 1282:978-7-900284-71-6 1257:978-7-100-11424-0 1199:978-7-100-01056-6 1169:978-7-100-05736-3 1073:978-7-100-00127-4 1032:978-7-100-00126-7 996:978-7-100-00125-0 975:978-7-100-00124-3 951:Ciyuan xiudingben 505:Kangxi Dictionary 468:Reinhard Hartmann 449:Chinese Civil War 276: 275: 268: 267: 206: 205: 194:McCune–Reischauer 144: 143: 132:Yale Romanization 90:Standard Mandarin 3700: 3673:Commercial Press 3652: 3651: 3635: 3627: 3617: 3616:(Japanese; 1960) 3612:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten 3607: 3597: 3572: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3543: 3533: 3523: 3513: 3503: 3493: 3483: 3473: 3463: 3447: 3446: 3429: 3407: 3401:Longkan Shoujian 3396: 3385: 3374: 3352: 3341: 3340:(c. 1st century) 3317: 3306: 3295: 3289:Zhongyuan Yinyun 3284: 3273: 3262: 3251: 3240: 3229: 3218: 3207: 3196: 3185: 3174: 3150: 3139: 3128: 3117: 3106: 3095: 3084: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3046: 3035: 3024: 3013: 3002: 2991: 2980: 2969: 2958: 2947: 2936: 2925: 2924:(c. 7th century) 2914: 2903: 2902:(c. 4th century) 2892: 2881: 2870: 2859: 2848: 2837: 2826: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2797: 2781: 2776: 2768: 2767: 2746: 2739: 2732: 2723: 2722: 2607: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2496: 2485: 2479: 2468: 2459: 2453: 2438: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2358: 2349: 2318: 2309: 2267: 2258: 2208: 2199: 2138: 2129: 2056: 2047: 2007: 1998: 1923: 1914: 1860: 1851: 1795: 1786: 1752: 1733: 1691: 1682: 1650: 1641: 1606: 1597: 1555: 1546: 1499: 1490: 1449: 1440: 1408: 1399: 1249: 1240: 952: 943: 818: 817:Ciyuan Zhengpian 809: 800: 791: 758: 751: 662: 525:dictionary order 514:Chinese classics 326:Commercial Press 264: 263: 247: 246: 241: 240: 227: 226: 202: 201: 188: 187: 171: 170: 165: 164: 140: 139: 119: 118: 105: 104: 81: 80: 67: 66: 51: 50: 21: 20: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3697: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3638: 3633: 3625: 3615: 3605: 3595: 3575: 3570: 3556: 3551: 3541: 3531: 3521: 3511: 3501: 3491: 3481: 3471: 3461: 3450:Chinese–English 3432: 3427: 3410: 3405: 3394: 3383: 3372: 3368:Jingdian Shiwen 3355: 3350: 3339: 3320: 3315: 3304: 3293: 3282: 3271: 3260: 3249: 3238: 3227: 3216: 3212:Yunhai jingyuan 3205: 3194: 3183: 3172: 3153: 3148: 3137: 3133:Hanyu Da Cidian 3126: 3115: 3104: 3093: 3082: 3055: 3049: 3044: 3033: 3029:Hanyu Da Zidian 3022: 3011: 3000: 2989: 2978: 2967: 2956: 2945: 2934: 2923: 2912: 2901: 2890: 2879: 2868: 2857: 2846: 2835: 2824: 2811: 2806: 2795: 2772: 2759: 2750: 2662:Third edition: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2497: 2488: 2480: 2471: 2460: 2456: 2450:Ladislav Zgusta 2439: 2435: 2387: 2299: 2248: 2182: 2112: 2084: 1834: 1772:Revised edition 1382: 1248:Ciyuan disanban 773:First edition ( 770: 765: 753: 746: 743: 719:First Opium War 660: 640: 638:Revised edition 598: 500:editor-in-chief 492: 480: 339: 256:Revised Hepburn 75:source of words 72:Literal meaning 17: 12: 11: 5: 3706: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3658: 3657: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3636: 3628: 3626:(French; 2001) 3622:Le Grand Ricci 3618: 3608: 3606:(Manchu; 1794) 3598: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3564: 3562: 3555: 3554: 3544: 3534: 3524: 3514: 3504: 3494: 3484: 3474: 3464: 3453: 3451: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3397: 3386: 3375: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3342: 3330: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3307: 3305:(17th century) 3296: 3285: 3283:(14th century) 3274: 3263: 3252: 3241: 3230: 3219: 3208: 3197: 3186: 3175: 3163: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3140: 3129: 3118: 3107: 3096: 3085: 3073: 3071: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3040:Zhonghua Zihai 3036: 3025: 3014: 3003: 2992: 2981: 2970: 2959: 2948: 2937: 2926: 2915: 2904: 2893: 2882: 2871: 2860: 2849: 2838: 2827: 2816: 2798: 2786: 2784: 2765: 2761: 2760: 2749: 2748: 2741: 2734: 2726: 2720: 2719: 2701: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2678: 2660: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2615: 2614:External links 2612: 2609: 2608: 2595: 2578: 2576:, p. 277. 2566: 2564:, p. 358. 2554: 2552:, p. 275. 2542: 2540:, p. 357. 2529: 2516: 2514:, p. 165. 2504: 2486: 2469: 2454: 2446:Lexicographica 2432: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2291: 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1620: 1619: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1605:Zengxiu Ciyuan 1585: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1554:Zengxiu Ciyuan 1534: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1333: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1309: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1288: 1285: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1202: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1151: 1150: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1044: 1043: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1008: 1007: 987: 986: 983: 979: 978: 956: 955: 934: 928: 927: 926:Second Edition 923: 922: 921: 920: 916: 915: 914: 913: 910: 907: 901: 900: 894: 893: 889: 888: 887: 886: 885: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 866: 865: 859: 858: 854: 853: 852: 851: 850: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 822: 821: 779: 778: 769: 766: 764: 761: 742: 739: 639: 636: 597: 594: 491: 488: 479: 476: 338: 335: 274: 273: 270: 269: 266: 265: 258: 252: 251: 250:Transcriptions 243: 242: 235: 229: 228: 219: 213: 212: 208: 207: 204: 203: 196: 190: 189: 182: 176: 175: 174:Transcriptions 167: 166: 157: 151: 150: 146: 145: 142: 141: 134: 128: 127: 125:Yue: Cantonese 121: 120: 113: 107: 106: 99: 93: 92: 86: 85: 84:Transcriptions 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 59: 53: 52: 43: 37: 36: 32: 31: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3705: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3668: 3655: 3645: 3632: 3629: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3569: 3566: 3565: 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1855: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1837:First edition 1836: 1835: 1822: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1760: 1759:957-05-1375-6 1756: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1740:957-05-1374-8 1737: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1713:957-05-1373-X 1710: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1652:): 2 volumes. 1651: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1550: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1530: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1486: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1365: 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947: 939: 935: 932: 931: 930: 929: 925: 924: 918: 917: 911: 908: 905: 904: 903: 902: 898: 897: 896: 895: 891: 890: 882: 879: 876: 873: 870: 869: 868: 867: 863: 862: 861: 860: 856: 855: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 825: 824: 823: 819: 813: 805: 801: 795: 787: 783: 782: 781: 780: 776: 772: 771: 760: 757:. 2015-12-24. 756: 750:. 2015-12-24. 749: 741:Third edition 738: 736: 731: 729: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 703: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 659: 655: 654: 649: 645: 635: 633: 628: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 602:Ciyuan xubian 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 578:Chinese rhyme 576:, and modern 575: 571: 570: 563: 558: 556: 551: 550: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 510:Jingji cuangu 507: 506: 501: 497: 490:First edition 487: 485: 475: 473: 469: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 418: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 334: 331: 327: 323: 320: 316: 312: 309: 305: 301: 297: 296: 291: 290: 280: 271: 259: 257: 253: 248: 244: 236: 234: 230: 225: 220: 218: 214: 211:Japanese name 209: 197: 195: 191: 183: 181: 177: 172: 168: 163: 158: 156: 152: 147: 135: 133: 129: 126: 122: 114: 112: 108: 100: 98: 94: 91: 87: 82: 78: 74: 70: 65: 60: 58: 54: 49: 44: 42: 38: 33: 29: 26: 22: 19: 3688:Lexicography 3620: 3610: 3600: 3590: 3546: 3536: 3526: 3516: 3506: 3496: 3486: 3476: 3466: 3456: 3421: 3415:Biographical 3399: 3388: 3377: 3366: 3344: 3333: 3311:Peiwen Yunfu 3309: 3300:Qi Lin Bayin 3298: 3287: 3278:Menggu Ziyun 3276: 3267:Pingshui Yun 3265: 3254: 3243: 3232: 3221: 3210: 3199: 3188: 3177: 3166: 3142: 3131: 3120: 3109: 3098: 3087: 3077: 3076: 3065: 3038: 3027: 3016: 3005: 2994: 2983: 2972: 2961: 2950: 2939: 2928: 2917: 2906: 2895: 2884: 2873: 2862: 2851: 2840: 2829: 2818: 2800: 2789: 2778: 2753:Dictionaries 2603: 2598: 2591:(in Chinese) 2586: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2545: 2532: 2519: 2507: 2499: 2462: 2457: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2392: 2368:): 1 volume. 2355: 2328:): 1 volume. 2315: 2302:New Ciyuan ( 2264: 2205: 2135: 2053: 2004: 1984:) (1980-02?) 1920: 1857: 1792: 1688: 1647: 1603: 1552: 1501:): 1 volume. 1496: 1446: 1405: 1246: 1006:) (1979-08?) 949: 815: 797: 763:Publications 744: 734: 732: 727: 722: 706: 704: 699: 671: 667: 665: 657: 651: 647: 643: 641: 629: 624: 620: 618: 616:dictionary. 613: 609: 605: 601: 599: 589: 567: 565: 560: 554: 547: 543: 541: 531:arranged by 529:head entries 522: 517: 509: 503: 495: 493: 483: 481: 471: 465: 460: 456: 444: 442: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 419: 406: 402: 398: 390: 379: 371: 358: 350: 346: 340: 329: 318: 307: 294: 293: 288: 287: 285: 97:Hanyu Pinyin 35:Chinese name 24: 18: 3393:一切經音義 (慧琳) 3382:一切經音義 (玄英) 2974:Zhengzitong 2919:Ganlu Zishu 2825:(c. 220 BC) 2820:Cangjiepian 2791:Shizhoupian 2764:Monolingual 2664:3rd edition 1965:Volume 4 () 1962:) (1982-04) 1951:) (1981-01) 1940:) (1980-02) 1489:辭源修訂正續合編附補編 1458:2nd edition 1439:辭源正續合編修訂大字本 666:In 1964, a 582:Têng Ssu-yü 149:Korean name 3667:Categories 3360:Exegetical 3349:現代漢語方言大詞典 2836:(c. 40 BC) 2771:Characters 2385:References 2366:9577756921 2326:9577755305 2317:Xin Ciyuan 2257:大陸版辭源單卷合訂本 2142:Wade–Giles 1954:Volume 3 ( 1943:Volume 2 ( 1932:Volume 1 ( 668:weidinggao 596:Supplement 453:Mao Zedong 315:characters 111:Wade–Giles 3442:Bilingual 3326:Varieties 3256:Qiyin lüe 3147:现代汉语规范词典 2875:Xiao Erya 2831:Jijiupian 2574:Yang 1985 2562:Tsou 1990 2550:Yang 1985 2538:Tsou 1990 2428:Footnotes 2198:中文辭源(修訂本) 684:Guangdong 619:The 1939 574:homophone 508:and 1798 367:logograph 295:Tz'u-yüan 117:Tz'u-yüan 3693:Sinology 3634:(Korean) 3426:中國人名大辭典 3395:(c. 807) 3384:(c. 649) 3373:(c. 583) 3223:Guangyun 3173:(c. 230) 3168:Shenglei 3092:教育部國語辭典 2913:(c. 543) 2891:(c. 350) 2869:(c. 230) 2858:(c. 200) 2646:volume 4 2642:volume 3 2638:volume 2 2634:volume 1 2525:Yue 2006 2342:Ciyuan ( 1811:baseball 1785:大陸版辭源修訂本 1398:辭源正續編修訂本 784:Ciyuan ( 459:and the 388:compound 233:Hiragana 3335:Fangyan 3245:Yunjing 3201:Tangyun 3193:刊謬補缺切韻 3125:现代汉语词典 2930:Leipian 2864:Guangya 2853:Shiming 2344:Chinese 2304:Chinese 2253:Chinese 2194:Chinese 2124:Chinese 2046:辭源全新修訂本 2042:Chinese 1997:辭源縮印合訂本 1993:Chinese 1909:Chinese 1846:Chinese 1781:Chinese 1751:增修辭源 下册 1747:Chinese 1732:增修辭源 上册 1728:Chinese 1677:Chinese 1636:Chinese 1592:Chinese 1541:Chinese 1485:Chinese 1435:Chinese 1394:Chinese 1235:Chinese 938:Chinese 804:Chinese 786:Chinese 715:history 688:Guangxi 678:of the 634:index. 549:chengyu 478:History 411:written 3571:(1997) 3568:CEDICT 3561:Online 3552:(1996) 3542:(1972) 3532:(1957) 3522:(1947) 3512:(1931) 3502:(1926) 3492:(1892) 3482:(1874) 3472:(1842) 3462:(1823) 3428:(1921) 3351:(2002) 3316:(1711) 3294:(1324) 3250:(1161) 3239:(1037) 3228:(1008) 3179:Qieyun 3149:(2004) 3138:(1994) 3136:漢語大詞典 3127:(1978) 3116:(1968) 3114:中文大辭典 3105:(1938) 3094:(1926) 3083:(1915) 3078:Ciyuan 3045:(1994) 3034:(1989) 3032:漢語大字典 3023:(1957) 3012:(1915) 3010:中華大字典 3001:(1815) 2999:說文解字注 2990:(1716) 2979:(1627) 2968:(1615) 2957:(1254) 2952:Zitong 2935:(1066) 2908:Yupian 2897:Ziyuan 2621:Ciyuan 2364:  2357:Ciyuan 2354:: 2352:pinyin 2346:: 2324:  2314:: 2312:pinyin 2306:: 2273:  2263:: 2261:pinyin 2255:: 2204:: 2202:pinyin 2196:: 2134:: 2132:pinyin 2126:: 2062:  2052:: 2050:pinyin 2044:: 2013:  2003:: 2001:pinyin 1995:: 1980:  1972:  1958:  1947:  1936:  1919:: 1917:pinyin 1911:: 1874:  1866:  1856:: 1854:pinyin 1848:: 1807:fǎnqiè 1801:  1791:: 1789:pinyin 1783:: 1757:  1749:: 1738:  1730:: 1719:  1711:  1687:: 1685:pinyin 1679:: 1646:: 1644:pinyin 1638:: 1602:: 1600:pinyin 1594:: 1551:: 1549:pinyin 1543:: 1495:: 1493:pinyin 1487:: 1445:: 1443:pinyin 1437:: 1404:: 1402:pinyin 1396:: 1362:  1340:  1316:  1294:  1280:  1255:  1245:: 1243:pinyin 1237:: 1197:  1189:  1167:  1145:  1071:  1063:  1038:  1030:  1002:  994:  973:  965:  948:: 946:pinyin 940:: 814:: 812:pinyin 806:: 799:Ciyuan 796:: 794:pinyin 788:: 735:Ciyuan 728:Ciyuan 723:Ciyuan 707:Ciyuan 700:Ciyuan 694:, and 672:Ciyuan 658:Ciyuan 648:Ciyuan 644:Ciyuan 625:Ciyuan 614:Ciyuan 610:Xubian 606:Ciyuan 590:Ciyuan 569:fanqie 555:Ciyuan 544:Ciyuan 518:Ciyuan 496:Ciyuan 484:Ciyuan 472:Ciyuan 457:Ciyuan 445:Ciyuan 434:ciyuan 422:ciyuan 415:spoken 407:zidian 405:, and 391:zidian 359:zidian 351:cidian 347:Ciyuan 345:, the 330:Ciyuan 289:Ciyuan 186:Sa-won 155:Hangul 138:Chiyun 103:Cíyuán 25:Ciyuan 3406:(997) 3404:龍龕手鑒 3371:經典釋文 3314:佩文韻府 3303:戚林八音 3292:中原音韻 3281:蒙古字韻 3234:Jiyun 3217:(780) 3215:韻海鏡源 3206:(732) 3195:(706) 3184:(601) 3100:Cihai 3054:Words 3043:中华字海 3021:新华字典 2988:康熙字典 2963:Zihui 2922:干祿字書 2886:Zilin 2845:說文解字 1913:辭源修訂本 1850:辭源改編本 1239:辭源第三版 942:辭源修訂本 696:Henan 692:Hunan 661:' 653:Cihai 461:Cihai 349:is a 304:words 262:Jigen 217:Kanji 200:Sawŏn 3270:平水韻 3259:七音略 3159:Rime 2977:正字通 2941:Piya 2878:小爾雅 2834:急就篇 2823:倉頡篇 2802:Erya 2794:史籀篇 2536:Tr. 2523:Tr. 2362:ISBN 2322:ISBN 2271:ISBN 2128:文史辭源 2060:ISBN 2011:ISBN 1978:ISBN 1970:ISBN 1956:ISBN 1945:ISBN 1934:ISBN 1872:ISBN 1864:ISBN 1799:ISBN 1755:ISBN 1736:ISBN 1717:ISBN 1709:ISBN 1681:增修辭源 1640:增修辭源 1596:增修辭源 1545:增修辭源 1360:ISBN 1338:ISBN 1314:ISBN 1292:ISBN 1278:ISBN 1253:ISBN 1195:ISBN 1187:ISBN 1165:ISBN 1143:ISBN 1069:ISBN 1061:ISBN 1036:ISBN 1028:ISBN 1000:ISBN 992:ISBN 971:ISBN 963:ISBN 808:辭源正編 713:and 650:and 584:and 542:The 482:The 443:The 430:yuan 413:and 403:dian 380:dian 286:The 3338:方言 3248:韻鏡 3237:集韻 3226:廣韻 3204:唐韻 3182:切韻 3171:聲類 3103:辭海 3081:辭源 2966:字彙 2955:字通 2944:埤雅 2933:類篇 2911:玉篇 2900:字苑 2889:字林 2867:廣雅 2856:釋名 2805:爾雅 2444:, ( 2360:) ( 2320:) ( 2308:新辭源 2269:) ( 2058:) ( 2009:) ( 1862:) ( 1797:) ( 1753:) ( 1734:) ( 1251:) ( 341:In 292:or 239:じげん 3669:: 3067:cí 3064:; 2809:c. 2780:zì 2777:; 2715:, 2711:, 2707:, 2697:, 2683:, 2674:, 2670:, 2666:, 2656:, 2652:, 2648:, 2644:, 2640:, 2636:, 2489:^ 2472:^ 2350:; 2348:辭源 2310:; 2259:; 2200:; 2130:; 2048:; 1999:; 1925:): 1915:; 1852:; 1787:; 1683:; 1642:; 1598:; 1547:; 1491:; 1441:; 1400:; 1241:; 944:; 810:; 792:; 790:辭源 759:) 752:)( 737:. 690:, 686:, 557:. 463:. 451:, 438:ci 426:ci 401:, 399:zi 395:字典 372:zi 363:字典 355:辭典 319:zi 308:ci 224:辞源 162:사원 64:辞源 48:辭源 3070:) 3062:词 3060:/ 3058:詞 3056:( 2814:) 2807:( 2783:) 2775:字 2773:( 2745:e 2738:t 2731:v 2593:. 1976:/ 1870:/ 1761:) 1742:) 1723:) 1715:/ 1193:/ 1075:) 1067:/ 1042:) 1034:/ 998:/ 977:) 969:/ 802:/ 777:) 393:( 384:典 382:( 376:字 374:( 361:( 353:( 322:字 317:( 311:辭 306:(

Index

Traditional Chinese
辭源
Simplified Chinese
辞源
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Wade–Giles
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Hangul
사원
Revised Romanization
McCune–Reischauer
Kanji
辞源
Hiragana
Revised Hepburn

Chinese dictionary
words

characters

Commercial Press
Chinese terminology
辭典
字典
logograph

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