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well as her money, and then beat her over the head with a pistol while attempting to arrest her. An angry crowd swarmed the agents, prompting one official to open fire on the crowd, killing a bystander. The news triggered mass protests the following morning on
February 28; more people were killed by the police and it quickly turned into a large-scale riot. While many local Taiwanese took this as an opportunity to seek revenge on mainlanders, Governor Chen Yi issued martial law and requested Nationalist troops to be sent over from mainland to suppress the incident. For the following 38 years, Taiwan was placed under martial law in a period that is now known as the "White Terror" period. Consequently, a generation of Taiwanese local elites were arrested and killed. It was estimated that between 10,000 and 20,000 people died as a result of the 2/28 incident, with more and more people dying or going missing during the White Terror. The trauma of 2/28 haunted Taiwan's politics and society and soured the relationship between the Taiwanese and mainlanders for several decades.
486:), fourth brother, a doctor and photographer. Wen-ching is the youngest son in the Lin family. He is deaf-mute because of an accident in his childhood. He communicates with others mainly by writing, especially with Hiromi. He is arrested following the 2/28 event. After he is released, he does two things. First, he delivers the final messages of executed cellmates. Second, he goes to find Hiroe and wants to join him as a revolutionary, however, he is convinced by Hiroe and goes back home to marry Hiromi. Wen-heung opens a photo studio so Wen-ching can support Hiroe, and after the guerilla forces are defeated, Wen-ching gets arrested and never comes back, leaving Hiromi and their child.
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cultural and economic adjustment. Cultural and social tension built up between the
Taiwanese and mainlanders during these years. Political distrust was also intensifying between Taiwanese elites and the Provincial Administration headed by Governor Chen Yi. Meanwhile in the late 1940s, the Nationalist government was engaged in a civil war against the Communists on the mainland. The Chinese economy deteriorated rapidly and the post-war economic situation in Taiwan worsened each day. An increasing number of illegal activities took place across the Taiwan Strait and social disturbances, as a result of unemployment, food shortages, poverty, and housing issues, became imminent.
683:, a former Japanese and declined gold mining town that continued to operate in the postwar period until the 1960s. Jiufen is located in the northeast of Taiwan, an area isolated from the rest of Taipei County and Yilan County. There are only rough county roads and a local commuter railway line connecting Jiufen to the outside world, which designated a low priority for urban revitalization and land development. Jiufen's hillside communities were constructed before the modern zoning codes were put in place, and therefore provided a small Taiwanese town feeling and atmosphere that symbolizes the historical period that is presented in the plot of
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past have mushroomed, as the people in Taiwan feel the urgent need to remember, reconstruct, and rewrite that part of their history.” June Yip noted that the Taiwan
Trilogy marked a “autobiographical impulse” to reclaim the history that was now acceptable with the lifting of martial law. Another critic, Jean Ma, also noted the method of displaying trauma by Hou felt "real" and could connect to global audiences everywhere from the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa, the desaparecidos of Argentina, and the Armenian massacre as instances in which memory bears the ethical burden of a disavowed or denied history."
426:. When Taiwan regained its sovereignty, people were full of joy. A large number of people from the mainland went to Taiwan such as Kuomintang troops, gangsters and people with socialist ideas. Meanwhile, Lin Wen-hsiung, who runs a bar called "Little Shanghai" and is the eldest of the Lin's four sons, awaits the birth of his child. The second son disappeared in the Philippines during the war. The fourth and youngest son, Wen-ching, is a doctor and photographer with leftist leanings who became deaf following a childhood accident; he is close friends with Hiroe and Hiroe's sister, Hiromi.
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reflection, but politicians like to use this tragedy as an ATM, making a withdrawal from it whenever they want. It's awful. So no matter what point of view I took with the film, people would still criticize it. I was filming events that were still taboo, I had a point of view, and no matter what, I was filming from the point of view of people and a family… Of course it's limited by the filmmaker's vision and attitude. I can only present a part of the atmosphere of the time."
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When he recovered, he met his old acquaintance. He began to engage in illegal activities, including the theft of
Japanese currency notes and a smuggling operation run by Shanghainese gangsters. Wen-hsiung eventually learns of this and stops Wen-liang. However, this leads the Shanghainese mob to arrange for Wen-liang's imprisonment on false charges of collaboration with the Japanese. While in prison, Wen-liang is tortured and suffers brain damage as a result.
711:, Hou relied primarily on foreign investment, particularly from Japan. Japanese technology, techniques, and facilities were used in the post-production and resulted in what critic and producer Zhan Hongzhi described as an aspect of "high-quality" that could draw in international viewership. Another aspect of this plan was star power, reflected in one of the principal characters, Wen-ching, being played by then rising Hong Kong film star
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bears a child. The couple supports Hiroe's resistance group, but the guerilla forces are defeated and executed. They manage to inform Wen-ching of the fact and encourage him to escape, but Hiromi later recounts that they did not have anywhere to go. As a result, Wen-ching is soon arrested by the
Kuomintang for his involvement with the guerillas, and there are only Hiromi and her son left at home.
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780:, the top Taiwanese Opera actress in real-life) in 1970s. Hou and Chu then extended the story to involve substantial flashbacks of the calamity of the woman's family in late 1940s (where the woman was the teenage daughter of Chen Song-Yong's character). They then abandoned the former premise and instead focused on the 1940s' story.
510:), third brother, traumatised by his time in the war. After his release from hospital, he goes into business with Shanghai gangsters. After causing them more trouble than he is worth, Wen-leung is framed by the gangsters and goes to prison where he is beaten and suffers brain damage before being released.
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One of the restrictions implemented at the time was the ban of cigarette trading. The immediate story begins in the front of a tea house in Taipei the day before, on
February 27, 1947, when agents from the Tobacco Monopoly Bureau confiscated a Taiwanese female cigarette vendor's illegal cigarettes as
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to suppress dissenters. The wounded pour into the neighborhood clinic, and Wen-ching is arrested but eventually released. Hiroe heads for the mountains to join the leftist guerillas. Wen-ching expresses his desire to join Hiroe, but Hiroe convinces Wen-ching to return and marry Hiromi, who loves him.
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Sound plays an important role in the film as the opening scene is shot in darkness, with the only sound being
Emperor Hirohito on the radio broadcast. Throughout the film, the use of Japanese language is cultural, as it represents the experiences of the Taiwanese and their cultural identity. Most of
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as Hiroe (Japanese pronunciation of his
Chinese name: 吳寬榮), friend of Wen-Ching, brother of Hiromi and a school teacher. A progressive. Because the Taiwan government arrested a large number of progressives and killed innocent people indiscriminately, he establishes an anti-government organization in
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deals with the past, but is not trapped by the past, and is able to achieve a sense of objectiveness and authenticity." The use of dialects and historical facts can make audiences have a connection to characters within the film, and ensure the objectiveness and authenticity. The film also functions
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When Lin Wen-hsiung is gambling at a casino one day, a fight breaks out with one of the
Shanghainese who previously framed Wen-liang. This results in Wen-hsiung being shot and killed by a Shanghainese mafia member. Following Wen-hsiung's funeral, Wen-ching and Hiromi marry at home, and Hiromi later
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but never explicitly depicting the event, the film was consequently criticized as politically ambiguous, as well as overly difficult to follow. It was also criticized for not depicting the events of
February 28 well, instead presenting the events in a subtle and elliptical manner. It is now widely
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Critics have noted how this film (as well as the other 2 films that form the trilogy) started a larger discussion into memory and reconciliation for the 228 Incident and the White Terror on Taiwan. Sylvia Lin commented that "literary, scholarly, historical, personal, and cinematic accounts of the
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began as an expedient way to disguise Tony Leung's inability to speak Taiwanese (or Japanese—the language taught in Taiwan's schools during the 51-year Japanese rule), but wound up being an effective means to demonstrate the brutal insensitivity of Chen Yi's ROC administration. As he communicated
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as Hiromi (Japanese pronunciation of her Chinese name: 吳寬美), sister of Hiroe, and is a nurse in the hospital. She knows Wen-ching through her brother Hiroe. She usually communicates with Wen-ching by writing. After she quits her job at the hospital, she marries Wen-ching after he is released from
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The third son, Lin Wen-liang, had been recruited by the Japanese to Shanghai as an interpreter. After the defeat of Japan, he was arrested by the Kuomintang government on charges of treason. As a result, his mental condition was stimulated and he had been in hospital since he returned to Taiwan.
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The cause of anger with citizens was the deterioration of freedoms and rights, the increased feeling of policing, and the imposition of a foreign power's sovereignty over a newly integrated location. This is a characteristic Rochelle highlights as similar in both Taiwan and Hong Kong and is what
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in 1988 and the lifting of martial law the year prior made it an appropriate time to address the 228 Incident, which Hou felt had been covered up by the government. He noted how books were not available on the subject and he wanted to provide a vantage point about the story through the lens of a
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During the Japanese colonial period (1895–1945), Taiwan had limited contact with mainland China. Thus when the control of Taiwan was given to the Republic of China (ROC) led by the Kuomintang (KMT) government at the end of the Second World War, the people on Taiwan faced major political, social,
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The 228 Incident was already known, so I was more interested in filming a time of transition, and the changes in a family during a change in regime. This was the main thing I wanted to capture… There's been too much political intervention. We should go back to history itself for a comprehensive
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Hou remembers Jiufen fondly as he traveled to Jiufen through a tourist gaze when he was young. The shooting of the scenes of train travel to Jiufen particularly evoked his nostalgic rhetoric and joyful memories of a high school trip to Jiufen with his school friends. Hou noted that the train in
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by scholars. Academic Tina L. Rochelle has associated the term with how Hong Kong's trajectory mirrors the trajectory of Taiwan during the 228 Incident and the White Terror. Much like in the case of the 228 Incident, the Umbrella movement was fueled by building resentment of the way Hong Kong
955:(the office responsible for government censorship/media) to send a copy of the rough cut to Japan for post-production where it was processed and sent directly to the Venice Film Festival without being authenticated by Taiwanese censors from the GIC. The winning of the Golden Lion and
498:), eldest brother, and owner of a trading company and restaurant. After his restaurant is closed down following the 2/28 event, he falls into drinking and gambling, and is eventually shot to death in a spur of the moment revenge attack for Wen-leung.
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in the late 1940s, during which thousands of Taiwanese and recent emigres from the Mainland were rounded up, shot, and/or sent to prison. The film was the first to deal openly with the KMT's authoritarian misdeeds after its 1945 takeover of
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the characters would not be able to understand much Japanese as they would not have lived through 51 years of Japanese rule. This is why the native characters speak Taiwanese with some Japanese words mixed into their speech.
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Taiwan is a very important mode of transportation and he would ride the train a lot. It is very hard for him to forget the connection between him and the trains, so the train tracks appear multiple times in the film.
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as a way to promote the cultural diversity of the cast and reflectively, of Taiwan to a global audience, which stands in contrast to many earlier films being only in Mandarin Chinese, due to the
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By the 1980s, the New Taiwanese Cinema movement was moving towards not just creating films for the people of Taiwan, but also for a larger, international audience. Directors Hou Hsiao-hsien and
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Hou Hsiao-hsien was interested in creating a film that could tell a story about a family, specifically during the 228 Incident and the White Terror by a few reasons. He cited how the death of
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through other means (photographs, pen and paper) he is often playing the role of an observer. His inability to speak could mirror Taiwan being silenced by its oppressors.
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of 1947 occurs, in which thousands of Taiwanese people are massacred by Kuomintang troops. The Lin family follows announcements related to the event via radio, in which
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Rawnsley, Ming-Yeh. "Rawnsley, M.T. (2012). Cinema, Identity, and Resistance: Comparative Perspectives on A City of Sadness and The Wind that Shakes the Barley".
947:. The Taiwanese language policy about promoting Mandarin made making films in other minority dialects and languages limited to only a third of the total script.
763:"Everybody knew about the 228 Incident. Nobody would say anything, at least in public, but behind closed doors everyone was talking about it, especially in the
411:, Taiwan from 1945 to 1949, the period after the end of 50 years of Japanese colonial rule and before the establishment of a government-in-exile in Taiwan by
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violated then rules about national language usage in films. The success of the film however, renewed interest in Taiwanese Hokkien and became part of the
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According to scriptwriter Chu Tien-Wen's book, the original premise of the film was the reunion of an ex-gangster (which Hou Hsiao-Hsien intended to cast
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to prominence and to a global audience. The usage of Taiwanese Hokkien in the film has been noted to be in direct conflict with the then-rule regarding
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blend revelation and opacity; his favorite trope is to shoot through doorways, as if straining to capture the action over impassable spans of time." In
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was a major commercial success in Taiwan, but critics were largely ambivalent toward the work. Having been advertised as a film about the
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trilogy as well as the first installment in a loose trilogy of Hsiao-Hsien's films that deal with Taiwanese history, which also includes
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reported that 100% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 13 reviews, with an average rating of 9.30/10. In the
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1357:"Reality in Long Shots: A CITY OF SADNESS | Austin Asian American Film Festival | Online Shorts Festival June 11–17, 2020"
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one of the ten greatest films ever made, placing it at #117 in the critics' poll and #322 in the directors' poll.
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considered a masterpiece, and has been described as "probably the most significant film to have emerged out of
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is a great film, one that will be watched as long as there are people who care about the movies as an art."
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1781:"Articulating Sadness, Gendering Space: The Politics and Poetics of Taiyu Films from 1960s Taiwan"
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1823:"Diversity and Trust in Hong Kong: An Examination of Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong's 'City of Sadness'"
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1476:"'A City Of Sadness': Hou Hsiao-Hsien's Historical Tragedy Remains A Masterpiece 30 Years Later"
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as a form of resistance as those with less power are able to diminish claims by other classes.
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however, was filmed mostly in Taiwanese Hokkien. Hou Hsiao-hsien's film was allowed by the
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399:(1995). These films are collectively called the "Taiwan Trilogy" by academics and critics.
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Lo, Dennis (2020). "A Home in Becoming: Forging Taiwan's Imagined Community in Jiufen".
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Representing Atrocity in Taiwan: The 2/28 Incident and White Terror in Fiction and Film
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1225:"Cinema, Historiography, and Identities in Taiwan: Hou Hsiao-Hsien's A City of Sadness"
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and started a resurgence of films from Taiwan that utilized minority languages such as
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The term "City Of Sadness" has been used to describe the state of Hong Kong after the
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explains that "by representing the political reality of the late 1940s indirectly,
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List of Taiwanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
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marked a first for Chinese-speaking films, but also were controversial, since
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List of submissions to the 62nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
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The Authorship of Place: A Cultural Geography of the New Chinese Cinemas
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viewership. The film also used an array of different languages, chiefly
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1507:"Taiwanese director Hou Hsiao-hsien captures life's big, small moments"
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Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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Speaking in Images: Interviews with Contemporary Chinese Filmmakers
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the mountains. However, they are defeated and arrested at the end.
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of 1947, in which thousands of people were massacred by the KMT.
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argued, "Hou's extraordinarily controlled and well-constructed
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Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Horse Award
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1997 handover of Hong Kong to the Peoples Republic of China.
1522:"In "A City of Sadness," widely considered a masterpiece,"
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for the role) and his former lover (supposedly played by
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Nominated: Best Screenplay – Chu T’ien-wen, Wu Nien-jen
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The film follows the Lin family in a coastal town near
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This film is regarded as the second installment in the
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The film starts on August 15, 1945, with the voice of
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1264:"Taiwan's White Terror: Remembering the 228 Incident"
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noted that they wanted to emulate the popularity of
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was the first (of three) Taiwanese films to win the
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Mainichi Film Award for Foreign Film Best One Award
325:. It tells the story of a family embroiled in the "
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876:lauded Hou as "a master of long takes and complex
788:The movie includes many Chinese dialects, such as
939:has been touted as one of the few films to bring
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2896:A Pigeon Sat on a Branch Reflecting on Existence
1968:
1747:Melancholy Drift: Marking Time in Chinese Cinema
1642:"Bei qing cheng shi (A City of Sadness) (1989)"
932:Resurgence of Taiwanese Hokkien (Taiyu) in film
1186:Trauma and Cinema: Cross-Cultural Explorations
1088:Nominated: Best Foreign Film – Hou Hsiao-hsien
1077:: Best Foreign Language Film – Hou Hsiao-hsien
1063:: Best Foreign Language Film – Hou Hsiao-hsien
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1617:"Taiwanese 'Sadness' Filmmaking At Its Best"
993:makes Hong Kong a "modern City of Sadness."
715:. The intention behind this was to increase
555:as Mr. Lin. A progressive friend of Hiromi.
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2002:
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3789:"The Electric Princess Picture House" in
2295:Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
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1049:Nominated: Best Editing – Liao Ching-song
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915:poll, 14 critics and two directors named
3221:Secret Love for the Peach Blossom Spring
1877:"The awards of the Venice Film Festival"
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1675:. British Film Institute. Archived from
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346:, which had been relinquished following
3865:Films with screenplays by Chu T’ien-wen
2677:Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead
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1322:10.5790/hongkong/9789888528516.003.0005
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1040:: Best Leading Actor – Sung Young Chen
988:citizens were being treated after the
27:1989 Taiwanese film by Hou Hsiao-hsien
3875:Films about the White Terror (Taiwan)
3860:Films with screenplays by Wu Nien-jen
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1983:
1967:
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1785:Modern Chinese Literature and Culture
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1139:Xiao, Zhiwei; Zhang, Yingjin (2002).
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380:, but was not accepted as a nominee.
3667:The Time to Live and the Time to Die
3422:Warriors of the Rainbow: Seediq Bale
3121:The Battle for the Republic of China
2570:Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed
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923:History, trauma, and reconciliation
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1268:Foreign Policy Research Institute
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1034:: Best Director – Hou Hsiao-hsien
741:governments promotion of Mandarin
205:Era Communications (Int'l rights)
2960:All the Beauty and the Bloodshed
2379:Venice Film Festival Golden Lion
1474:Linden, Sheri (23 August 2019).
3028:Best International Feature Film
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1505:Shaw, Tristan (28 March 2015).
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1382:Berry, Michael (October 2005).
1289:"A City of Sadness by S.E.N.S."
522:), patriarch of the Lin family.
424:Japan's unconditional surrender
337:(KMT) after their arrival from
3643:The Green, Green Grass of Home
3301:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
2661:The Legend of the Holy Drinker
1750:. Hong Kong University Press.
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1223:Rawnsley, Ming-Yeh T. (2011).
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973:Taiwanese indigenous languages
662:～Dedicated To Hou Hsiao-Hsien
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13:
1:
3830:1980s Mandarin-language films
3091:The Legend of the Six Dynasty
1909:. London: British Film Inst.
1704:. Columbia University Press.
1673:""City of Sadness, A" (1989)"
1388:. Columbia University Press.
1125:
953:Government Information Office
694:
671:
573:as singer (cameo appearance).
529:prison and they have a child.
1698:Lin, Sylvia Li-chun (2007).
1142:Encyclopedia of Chinese Film
7:
3774:Segments in anthology films
1615:Kehr, Dave (22 June 1990).
1108:
945:national language in Taiwan
10:
3896:
1901:Reynaud, Bérénice (2002).
1827:Social Indicators Research
1821:Rochelle, Tina L. (2015).
1145:. Routledge. p. 190.
1027:Golden Horse Film Festival
743:as the national language.
679:was filmed on location in
668:Sourced from Xiami Music.
463:The February 28th Incident
374:Best Foreign Language Film
329:" that was wrought on the
218:4 September 1989
3820:Taiwanese war drama films
3773:
3755:Flight of the Red Balloon
3621:
3523:
3312:
3101:
3034:
2783:
2580:
2385:
2017:
1977:
1839:10.1007/s11205-014-0592-z
1084:Independent Spirit Awards
658:
633:
620:
518:
506:
494:
482:
266:
258:
248:
209:
201:
187:
177:
167:
157:
135:
125:
111:
101:
97:
93:
83:
79:
71:
55:
51:
39:
34:
3880:Films scored by S.E.N.S.
3825:Taiwanese-language films
3780:"The Son's Big Doll' in
3261:Tonight Nobody Goes Home
2167:Postmen in the Mountains
2119:The Shawshank Redemption
2047:The Purple Rose of Cairo
577:
3402:Cannot Live Without You
3141:Old Mao's Second Spring
2629:A Year of the Quiet Sun
2039:A Sunday in the Country
1779:Zhang, Yingjin (2013).
1314:Oxford University Press
979:Contemporary references
965:Taiyu Language Movement
471:
402:
3870:1989 crime drama films
3840:Films set in the 1940s
3792:To Each His Own Cinema
3715:Goodbye South, Goodbye
3651:The Boys from Fengkuei
2506:Last Year at Marienbad
2175:Devils on the Doorstep
1422:Cite journal requires
1095:Political Film Society
1070:Mainichi Film Concours
997:Awards and nominations
985:2014 Umbrella Movement
907:British Film Institute
770:
759:Hou Hsiao-hsien wrote:
317:) is a 1989 Taiwanese
3835:1980s war drama films
3659:A Summer at Grandpa's
3211:A Brighter Summer Day
2800:The Magdalene Sisters
2653:Au revoir les enfants
2554:The Battle of Algiers
2111:Farewell My Concubine
2055:The Trip to Bountiful
1589:Rosenbaum, Jonathan.
1241:10.1386/AC.22.2.196_1
761:
454:Historical background
335:Kuomintang government
46:Taiwanese film poster
3707:Good Men, Good Women
3683:Daughter of the Nile
3472:Hang in There, Kids!
3181:My Mother's Teahouse
3082:Eight Hundred Heroes
3020:Taiwanese submission
2605:Marianne and Juliane
2482:General Della Rovere
2199:Flags of Our Fathers
1262:Shattuck, Thomas J.
1043:Nominated: Best Film
1004:Venice Film Festival
843:February 28 Incident
829:Reception and impact
802:Ming-Yeh T. Rawnsley
435:February 28 Incident
396:Good Men, Good Women
370:Venice Film Festival
356:February 28 Incident
228:Venice Film Festival
3845:Golden Lion winners
3723:Flowers of Shanghai
3342:Goodbye, Dragon Inn
3281:Flowers of Shanghai
3241:Eat Drink Man Woman
3231:The Wedding Banquet
3161:The Heroic Pioneers
3072:Execution in Autumn
2709:Three Colours: Blue
2693:The Story of Qiu Ju
2613:The State of Things
2530:Hands over the City
2498:Tomorrow Is My Turn
2151:Shakespeare in Love
2135:The English Patient
1591:"A City of Sadness"
1565:"A City of Sadness"
1537:"A City of Sadness"
1445:"A City of Sadness"
1316:. pp. 98–117.
1056:Kinema Junpo Awards
957:Golden Horse Awards
848:Taiwan's New Cinema
603:～A City Of Sadness
583:
478:Tony Leung Chiu-wai
378:62nd Academy Awards
140:Tony Leung Chiu-wai
3613:Films directed by
3553:Marry My Dead Body
3432:Touch of the Light
3291:March of Happiness
3111:If I Were for Real
2976:The Room Next Door
2920:The Shape of Water
2912:The Woman Who Left
2824:Brokeback Mountain
2757:The Way We Laughed
2621:First Name: Carmen
2087:Dances with Wolves
1455:on 25 October 2018
874:Jonathan Rosenbaum
834:Critical reception
611:Hiromi～Flute Solo
582:
504:as Lin Wen-leung (
492:as Lin Wen-heung (
480:as Lin Wen-ching (
3802:
3801:
3691:A City of Sadness
3580:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3492:The Great Buddha+
3362:The Wayward Cloud
3332:The Best of Times
3201:Song of the Exile
3191:A City of Sadness
3151:Kuei-Mei, a Woman
2986:
2985:
2669:A City of Sadness
2345:
2344:
2239:The King's Speech
2143:L.A. Confidential
2079:A City of Sadness
1971:A City of Sadness
1954:A City of Sadness
1943:A City of Sadness
1932:A City of Sadness
1905:A City of Sadness
1757:978-988-8028-05-4
1744:Ma, Jean (2010).
1728:10.7312/lin-14360
1710:10.7312/lin-14360
1679:on 20 August 2012
1511:Los Angeles Times
1395:978-0-231-13330-2
1196:978-962-209-624-0
961:A City of Sadness
949:A City of Sadness
941:Taiwanese Hokkien
937:A City of Sadness
917:A City of Sadness
912:Sight & Sound
899:review aggregator
892:A City of Sadness
839:A City of Sadness
806:A City of Sadness
747:Conceptualization
725:Taiwanese Hokkien
709:A City of Sadness
685:A City of Sadness
677:A City of Sadness
666:
665:
362:A City of Sadness
296:A City of Sadness
292:
291:
233:October 1989
35:A City of Sadness
16:(Redirected from
3887:
3783:The Sandwich Man
3731:Millennium Mambo
3699:The Puppetmaster
3675:Dust in the Wind
3607:
3600:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3567:
3557:
3547:
3537:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3346:
3336:
3326:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3255:
3251:Super Citizen Ko
3245:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3195:
3185:
3175:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3135:
3125:
3115:
3094:
3086:
3076:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2990:
2989:
2522:Ivan's Childhood
2450:Romeo and Juliet
2372:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1965:
1964:
1920:
1908:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1486:on 29 April 2022
1482:. Archived from
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1451:. Archived from
1441:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1359:. Archived from
1353:
1344:
1343:
1305:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1220:
1209:
1208:
1181:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1136:
971:alongside other
765:Tangwai Movement
753:Chiang Ching-kuo
721:Overseas Chinese
705:Hong Kong cinema
661:
660:
648:
647:
636:
635:
623:
622:
602:
601:
584:
581:
554:
521:
520:
509:
508:
497:
496:
485:
484:
420:Emperor Hirohito
390:The Puppetmaster
331:Taiwanese people
319:historical drama
315:
314:Bēiqíng chéngshì
306:
240:
238:
225:
223:
89:bēiqíng chéngshì
67:
66:
65:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3769:
3617:
3615:Hou Hsiao-hsien
3611:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3550:
3543:Goddamned Asura
3540:
3530:
3519:
3509:
3499:
3489:
3479:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3359:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3319:
3308:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3218:
3208:
3198:
3188:
3178:
3171:Osmanthus Alley
3168:
3158:
3148:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3108:
3097:
3089:
3079:
3069:
3062:The Silent Wife
3059:
3049:
3041:
3030:
3017:
2987:
2982:
2792:Monsoon Wedding
2779:
2741:Michael Collins
2717:Before the Rain
2576:
2442:Forbidden Games
2426:Justice Is Done
2381:
2376:
2346:
2341:
2287:I, Daniel Blake
2215:The Dark Knight
2071:Cinema Paradiso
2023:Sophie's Choice
2013:
2008:
1973:
1948:Rotten Tomatoes
1927:
1917:
1897:
1895:Further reading
1892:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1819:
1812:
1777:
1773:
1758:
1742:
1735:
1720:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1647:Rotten Tomatoes
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1621:Chicago Tribune
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1530:
1526:
1515:
1513:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1363:on 15 June 2020
1355:
1354:
1347:
1332:
1306:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1260:
1256:
1221:
1212:
1197:
1183:
1182:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1111:
1102:: Special Award
999:
981:
934:
925:
903:Rotten Tomatoes
883:Chicago Tribune
836:
831:
786:
784:Film techniques
749:
697:
674:
580:
567:as Reporter Ho.
548:
490:Chen Sung-young
474:
465:
456:
413:Chiang Kai-shek
405:
323:Hou Hsiao-hsien
285:
281:
277:
273:
251:
244:
236:
234:
221:
219:
212:
197:
192:
190:
172:Liao Ching-song
150:
146:
144:Chen Sung-young
142:
118:
106:Hou Hsiao-hsien
75:City of sadness
72:Literal meaning
61:
47:
28:
23:
22:
18:City of Sadness
15:
12:
11:
5:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3548:
3538:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3467:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3327:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3286:
3276:
3271:Yours and Mine
3266:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3226:
3216:
3206:
3196:
3186:
3176:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3077:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2394:The Southerner
2389:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2063:Hope and Glory
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1939:
1926:
1925:External links
1923:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1868:
1833:(2): 437–454.
1810:
1771:
1756:
1733:
1718:
1690:
1664:
1633:
1607:
1595:Chicago Reader
1581:
1555:
1542:The New Yorker
1533:Brody, Richard
1524:
1497:
1466:
1433:
1424:|journal=
1401:
1394:
1374:
1345:
1330:
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1235:(2): 196–213.
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1021:
1020:: UNESCO Prize
1015:
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980:
977:
933:
930:
924:
921:
859:The New Yorker
835:
832:
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543:
540:Nakamura Ikuyo
537:
530:
523:
516:as Lin Ah-lu (
511:
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487:
473:
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464:
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455:
452:
404:
401:
339:mainland China
290:
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202:Distributed by
199:
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158:Cinematography
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37:
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26:
9:
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2:
3892:
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3645:
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3636:
3635:Cheerful Wind
3632:
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3378:
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3368:
3364:
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3328:
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3323:
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3287:
3283:
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3024:Academy Award
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3014:
3009:
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2840:Lust, Caution
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2685:Close to Eden
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2645:The Green Ray
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2589:Atlantic City
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2562:Belle de Jour
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2490:The Great War
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2159:Space Cowboys
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2127:Ulysses' Gaze
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2019:
2016:
2012:
2005:
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1998:
1993:
1991:
1986:
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1976:
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1563:Rayns, Tony.
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854:Richard Brody
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649:～Variation 2
643:
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593:
589:
586:
585:
572:
571:Tsai Chen-nan
569:
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563:
560:
557:
552:
547:
546:Chan Hung-tze
544:
541:
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534:
531:
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371:
368:award at the
367:
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269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
247:
241: (Taiwan)
232:
229:
217:
216:
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211:Release dates
208:
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194:
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176:
173:
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166:
163:
160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
131:
130:Chiu Fu-sheng
128:
124:
121:
117:
116:Chu T’ien-wen
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
60:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3790:
3781:
3763:The Assassin
3761:
3753:
3745:
3739:Café Lumière
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3633:
3625:
3561:
3551:
3541:
3531:
3524:2021–present
3510:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3462:The Assassin
3460:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3382:Island Etude
3380:
3372:Blue Cha Cha
3370:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3330:
3320:
3299:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3239:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3090:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3052:Lovers' Rock
3050:
3042:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2854:
2848:The Wrestler
2846:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2790:
2784:2001–present
2771:
2765:Not One Less
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2725:Vive L'Amour
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2514:Family Diary
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2474:Rickshaw Man
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2191:Mystic River
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2021:
1970:
1953:
1942:
1931:
1904:
1880:. Retrieved
1871:
1830:
1826:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1746:
1700:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1645:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1540:
1527:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1479:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1453:the original
1448:
1415:cite journal
1404:
1384:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1309:
1291:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:
1257:
1232:
1229:Asian Cinema
1228:
1185:
1161:
1141:
1134:
1099:
1074:
1060:
1037:
1031:
1017:
1008:
982:
960:
948:
936:
935:
926:
916:
910:
896:
891:
881:
867:
857:
852:
838:
837:
823:
812:Wen-ching's
811:
805:
798:Shanghainese
790:Southern Min
787:
774:Chow Yun-fat
771:
762:
758:
750:
737:Shanghainese
708:
698:
689:
684:
676:
675:
667:
565:Zhang Dachun
466:
457:
448:
432:
428:
417:
406:
394:
388:
382:
361:
360:
352:World War II
327:White Terror
321:directed by
312:
295:
294:
293:
287:Shanghainese
250:Running time
162:Chen Hwai-en
85:Hanyu Pinyin
29:
3747:Three Times
2968:Poor Things
2223:Gran Torino
2183:The Pianist
2031:The Dresser
1969:Awards for
1791:(1): 1–46.
1766:j.ctt1xcs2b
1292:Xiami Music
1273:27 February
1205:j.ctt2jc7kk
1013:Golden Lion
890:declared, "
778:Yang Li-Hua
701:Edward Yang
559:Wu Nien-jen
549: [
443:martial law
422:announcing
393:(1993) and
385:Wu Nien-jen
366:Golden Lion
254:157 minutes
126:Produced by
120:Wu Nien-jen
102:Directed by
3815:1989 films
3809:Categories
3482:Small Talk
3452:Ice Poison
3392:Cape No. 7
3322:The Cabbie
3131:Growing Up
2832:Still Life
2816:Vera Drake
2808:The Return
2773:The Circle
2701:Short Cuts
2538:Red Desert
2402:The Strike
2231:Breathless
2207:Still Life
2103:Unforgiven
1626:6 February
1600:6 February
1574:6 February
1548:6 February
1516:6 February
1459:6 February
1152:1134745540
1126:References
864:long takes
713:Tony Leung
695:Background
672:Production
561:as Mr. Wu.
542:as Shizuko
533:Wu Yi-fang
526:Xin Shufen
514:Li Tian-lu
350:defeat in
222:1989-09-04
189:Production
152:Li Tian-lu
112:Written by
3627:Cute Girl
3533:The Falls
3313:2001–2020
3102:1981–2000
3035:1957–1980
2952:Happening
2944:Nomadland
2904:From Afar
2888:Sacro GRA
2864:Somewhere
2581:1980–2000
2466:Aparajito
2386:1946–1968
2319:Nomadland
1863:145079416
1847:0303-8300
1797:1520-9857
1340:236874268
1249:1059-440X
888:Dave Kehr
794:Cantonese
729:Cantonese
717:Hong Kong
283:Cantonese
271:Taiwanese
267:Languages
196:3-H Films
168:Edited by
3352:20 30 40
2637:Vagabond
2434:Rashomon
2311:Parasite
1959:AllMovie
1855:24721122
1805:42940461
1652:Fandango
1569:Time Out
1480:SupChina
1109:See also
909:'s 2012
901:website
869:Time Out
818:muteness
814:deafness
756:family.
733:Japanese
502:Jack Kao
279:Japanese
275:Mandarin
182:S.E.N.S.
178:Music by
148:Jack Kao
136:Starring
3563:Old Fox
3502:Dear Ex
2856:Lebanon
2749:Hana-bi
2327:Belfast
2271:Birdman
2263:Boyhood
1882:6 March
1657:20 July
1490:15 June
1367:15 June
878:framing
439:Chen Yi
376:at the
348:Japan's
333:by the
301:Chinese
259:Country
237:1989-10
235: (
220: (
191:company
57:Chinese
3795:(2007)
3786:(1983)
3766:(2015)
3758:(2007)
3750:(2005)
3742:(2003)
3734:(2001)
3726:(1998)
3718:(1996)
3710:(1995)
3702:(1993)
3694:(1989)
3686:(1987)
3678:(1986)
3670:(1985)
3662:(1984)
3654:(1983)
3646:(1982)
3638:(1981)
3630:(1980)
3566:(2024)
3556:(2023)
3546:(2022)
3536:(2021)
3515:(2020)
3505:(2019)
3495:(2018)
3485:(2017)
3475:(2016)
3465:(2015)
3455:(2014)
3445:(2013)
3435:(2012)
3425:(2011)
3415:(2010)
3405:(2009)
3395:(2008)
3385:(2007)
3375:(2006)
3365:(2005)
3355:(2004)
3345:(2003)
3335:(2002)
3325:(2001)
3304:(2000)
3294:(1999)
3284:(1998)
3274:(1997)
3264:(1996)
3254:(1995)
3244:(1994)
3234:(1993)
3224:(1992)
3214:(1991)
3204:(1990)
3194:(1989)
3184:(1988)
3174:(1987)
3164:(1986)
3154:(1985)
3144:(1984)
3134:(1983)
3124:(1982)
3114:(1981)
3093:(1980)
3085:(1976)
3075:(1972)
3065:(1966)
3055:(1964)
3045:(1957)
2979:(2024)
2971:(2023)
2963:(2022)
2955:(2021)
2947:(2020)
2939:(2019)
2931:(2018)
2923:(2017)
2915:(2016)
2907:(2015)
2899:(2014)
2891:(2013)
2883:(2012)
2875:(2011)
2867:(2010)
2859:(2009)
2851:(2008)
2843:(2007)
2835:(2006)
2827:(2005)
2819:(2004)
2811:(2003)
2803:(2002)
2795:(2001)
2776:(2000)
2768:(1999)
2760:(1998)
2752:(1997)
2744:(1996)
2736:(1995)
2728:(1994)
2720:(1994)
2712:(1993)
2704:(1993)
2696:(1992)
2688:(1991)
2680:(1990)
2672:(1989)
2664:(1988)
2656:(1987)
2648:(1986)
2640:(1985)
2632:(1984)
2624:(1983)
2616:(1982)
2608:(1981)
2600:(1980)
2597:Gloria
2592:(1980)
2573:(1968)
2565:(1967)
2557:(1966)
2549:(1965)
2546:Sandra
2541:(1964)
2533:(1963)
2525:(1962)
2517:(1962)
2509:(1961)
2501:(1960)
2493:(1959)
2485:(1959)
2477:(1958)
2469:(1957)
2461:(1955)
2453:(1954)
2445:(1952)
2437:(1951)
2429:(1950)
2421:(1949)
2413:(1948)
2410:Hamlet
2405:(1947)
2397:(1946)
2338:(2023)
2330:(2022)
2322:(2021)
2314:(2020)
2306:(2019)
2298:(2018)
2290:(2017)
2282:(2016)
2274:(2015)
2266:(2014)
2258:(2013)
2250:(2012)
2242:(2011)
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