603:
372:
733:
42:
757:
697:
433:
745:
721:
82:
60:
499:
350:
394:
709:
1181:
487:, with males having reddish-pink to orange, yellow, or light gray bodies and black heads, shoulders, and limbs; females and juveniles have bodies with scattered spots or contrasting bands of light and dark in shades of gray or yellow. Males are generally larger than females and possess well-developed
663:
Males are seasonally and conditionally territorial; an abundance of resources tends to create a hierarchy based on size, with one large male dominating the area's smaller males. Chuckwallas use a combination of color and physical displays, namely "push-ups", head-hobbing, and gaping of the mouth, to
459:
Chuckwallas are stocky, wide-bodied lizards with flattened midsections and prominent bellies. Their tails are thick, tapering to a blunt tip. Loose folds of skin characterize the neck and sides of their bodies, which are covered in small, coarsely granular scales. The
660:
Harmless to humans, these lizards are known to run from potential threats. When disturbed, a chuckwalla wedges itself into a tight rock crevice and inflates its lungs to entrench itself.
255:
found primarily in arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Some are found on coastal islands. The five species of chuckwallas are all placed within the
690:
Mating occurs from April to July, with five to 16 eggs laid between June and August. The eggs hatch in late
September. Chuckwallas may live for 25 years or more.
696:
776:
considered the Angel Island species of chuckwalla an important food item. They are believed to have translocated the lizards to most of the islands in
1668:
1694:
1065:
756:
687:
during cooler months and emerge in
February. Juveniles emerge first, then adults, as temperatures reach around 32 °C (90 °F).
744:
1788:
683:. These lizards are well adapted to desert conditions; they are active at temperatures up to 39 °C (102 °F). Chuckwallas
1642:
1681:
801:
1783:
850:
A Greek-English
Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.
1778:
833:
1686:
797:
1095:
720:
732:
1768:
1001:
928:
625:
and other such drought-tolerant scrub. The lizards may be found at elevations up to 4,500 ft (1,370 m).
1699:
1017:
Deban, Stephen M.; O'Reilly, James C.; Theimer, Tad (1994). "Mechanism of defensive inflation in the chuckwalla,
491:
located on the inner sides of their thighs; these pores produce secretions believed to play a role in marking
1383:
708:
1368:
1773:
1608:
1603:
20:
825:
Sketches of Nature: A Geneticist's Look at the
Biological World During a Golden Era of Molecular Ecology
1398:
1343:
611:
81:
576:
946:
644:
represent a supplementary prey. The lizards are said to prefer yellow flowers, such as those of the
1306:
1763:
1493:
1468:
1316:
1088:
568:
220:
1725:
1543:
1503:
1443:
1236:
469:
1673:
823:
1720:
1403:
1261:
1200:
557:
1735:
1712:
602:
1629:
1590:
1581:
1337:
1326:
1311:
1291:
777:
665:
8:
1758:
1508:
1331:
1321:
1271:
1216:
564:) is found on the eastern portion of the southern half of the Baja California Peninsula.
400:
378:
371:
226:
862:
1498:
1418:
1348:
1266:
1081:
963:
592:
584:
580:
567:
The other species are island-dwelling, so have much more restricted distributions. The
492:
473:
417:
232:
76:
1180:
193:
170:
1707:
1616:
1378:
1301:
1296:
1206:
997:
924:
829:
579:
and surrounding islands off the coast of the Baja
California Peninsula. Two rare and
484:
439:
238:
1595:
1532:
1408:
1241:
1030:
955:
426:
islands in the Sea of Cortés: Isla del Carmen, Isla
Coronados, and Isla Monserrate
365:
eastern
California, Utah, Arizona, and Nevada south to Baja California and Sonora.
265:
1621:
702:
Large male chuckwalla, picture taken in the White Tank
Mountains near Surprise, AZ
1488:
1373:
637:
553:
532:
461:
356:
209:
187:
432:
1566:
1413:
1393:
672:
523:
41:
1752:
1438:
1170:
622:
527:
289:
984:
Case, T. J. (1982). "Ecology and evolution of insular gigantic chuckwallas,
1463:
1190:
1034:
633:
488:
179:
143:
1655:
1575:
1429:
1388:
773:
684:
645:
498:
387:
Isla Ángel de la Guarda and 10 smaller islands in the Gulf of
California
349:
393:
1647:
1282:
1252:
1211:
1149:
967:
537:
300:(ὁμαλός) meaning "flat". The common name "chuckwalla" derives from the
59:
1660:
1104:
676:
629:
618:
269:
153:
93:
1537:
959:
940:
Hollingsworth, Bradford D. (1998). "The systematics of chuckwallas (
680:
1560:
1134:
1122:
591:) found on Islas Carmen, Coronados, and Montserrat in the southern
468:) measures 15 3/4 inches long, whereas insular species such as the
309:
301:
133:
113:
1359:
1227:
1128:
549:
123:
996:. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Publications. pp. 184–212.
1454:
1116:
641:
541:
281:
252:
103:
1634:
536:) is the species with the greatest range, found from southern
445:
San
Esteban chuckwalla / piebald chuckwalla / pinto chuckwalla
1049:
People of the desert and sea: ethnobotany of the Seri Indians
519:
316:
256:
1073:
762:
A chuckwalla sneezing salt in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park
545:
944:) with a phylogenetic analysis of other iguanid lizards".
750:
Large male common chuckwalla in Joshua Tree National Park
1016:
448:
endemic to San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California
1066:
images and movies of the San Esteban Island chuckwalla
595:
and the San Esteban chuckwalla or painted chuckwalla (
19:
This article is about the lizard. For other uses, see
599:) found on San Esteban Island, Lobos, and Pelicanos.
632:, chuckwallas feed on leaves, fruit, and flowers of
1750:
921:A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians
679:, spend much of their mornings and winter days
406:Santa Catalina chuckwalla / Spotted chuckwalla
1089:
939:
933:
655:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
780:for use as a food source in times of need.
509:
1096:
1082:
923:, 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company,
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
58:
40:
1533:Sauromalus ( Chuckwalla ) and Crotaphytus
726:Juvenile chuckwalla of the Sonoran Desert
275:
1047:Richard Felger and Mary B. Moser (1985)
601:
497:
880:
802:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
621:and rocky areas typically vegetated by
1751:
979:
977:
848:Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940).
714:Adult chuckwalla of the Sonoran Desert
1542:
1541:
1147:
1077:
821:
738:Adult chuckwalla of the Mojave Desert
288:, is said to be a combination of two
1051:Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
1010:
983:
974:
790:
13:
1148:
14:
1800:
1528:www.chuckwalla-reptiles-tirol.at
1317:Honduran paleate spinytail iguana
1058:
828:. Elsevier Science. p. 142.
326:
1179:
755:
743:
731:
719:
707:
695:
480:) can measure as long as 30 in.
431:
392:
370:
348:
80:
1023:Journal of Experimental Zoology
264:; they are part of the iguanid
1041:
855:
842:
815:
454:
1:
1789:Taxa named by Auguste Duméril
1784:Reptiles of the United States
1384:Northern Bahamian rock iguana
1292:Northeastern spinytail iguana
1103:
783:
556:and northwestern Mexico. The
1779:Fauna of the Colorado Desert
1369:Turks and Caicos rock iguana
919:Stebbins, Robert C., (2003)
767:
668:and defend their territory.
7:
1332:Guatemalan spinytail iguana
1307:Yellowback spinytail iguana
518:has a wide distribution in
21:Chuckwalla (disambiguation)
10:
1805:
1267:Galapagos pink land iguana
863:"Definition of CHUCKWALLA"
612:Death Valley National Park
530:. The common chuckwalla (
18:
1550:
1477:
1452:
1427:
1357:
1280:
1250:
1237:Campeche spinytail iguana
1225:
1188:
1177:
1161:
1157:
1143:
1111:
947:Herpetological Monographs
656:Behavior and reproduction
206:
201:
185:
178:
77:Scientific classification
75:
66:
57:
48:
39:
30:
1769:Lizards of North America
1389:Grand Cayman blue iguana
1322:Oaxacan spinytail iguana
1242:Yucatán spinytail iguana
852:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
675:animals and as they are
510:Range, habitat, and diet
1494:Angel Island chuckwalla
1469:Lesser Antillean iguana
1327:Roatán spinytail iguana
867:www.merriam-webster.com
822:Avise, John C. (2015).
577:Isla Ángel de la Guarda
569:Angel Island chuckwalla
384:Angel Island chuckwalla
1504:San Esteban chuckwalla
1444:Catalina desert iguana
1349:Black spinytail iguana
1035:10.1002/jez.1402700506
614:
506:
470:San Esteban chuckwalla
296:meaning "lizard" and
276:Taxonomy and etymology
1721:Paleobiology Database
1404:Anegada ground iguana
1399:Lesser Caymans iguana
1312:Cape spinytail iguana
1262:Galapagos land iguana
1201:Brachylophus bulabula
605:
585:Montserrat chuckwalla
558:peninsular chuckwalla
501:
1499:Monserrat chuckwalla
1338:Ctenosaura pectinata
1272:Santa Fe land iguana
994:Iguanas of the World
778:Bahia de los Angeles
423:Monserrat chuckwalla
379:Sauromalus hispidus
1414:San Salvador iguana
1302:Balsas armed lizard
1217:Fiji crested iguana
1068:(Sauromalus varius)
986:Sauromalus hispidus
617:Chuckwallas prefer
610:) in rocky area of
502:Common chuckwalla,
401:Sauromalus klauberi
227:Sauromalus klauberi
221:Sauromalus hispidus
67:Common chuckwalla,
49:Common chuckwalla,
1774:Reptiles of Mexico
1509:Spotted chuckwalla
1419:Mona ground iguana
615:
593:Gulf of California
581:endangered species
507:
485:sexually dimorphic
474:San Esteban Island
418:Sauromalus slevini
233:Sauromalus slevini
1746:
1745:
1708:Open Tree of Life
1544:Taxon identifiers
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1489:Common chuckwalla
1379:Rhinoceros iguana
1207:Lau banded iguana
1019:Sauromalus obesus
990:Sauromalus varius
835:978-0-12-801960-3
540:east to southern
478:Sauromalus varius
462:common chuckwalla
452:
451:
440:Sauromalus varius
362:common chuckwalla
315:, transcribed by
246:
245:
239:Sauromalus varius
215:Sauromalus obesus
174:
1796:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1539:
1538:
1344:Club tail iguana
1183:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1014:
1008:
1007:
981:
972:
971:
937:
931:
917:
878:
877:
875:
873:
859:
853:
846:
840:
839:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
794:
759:
747:
735:
723:
711:
699:
671:Chuckwallas are
650:Encelia farinosa
638:perennial plants
435:
409:Baja California
396:
374:
352:
331:
330:
169:
85:
84:
62:
44:
28:
27:
16:Genus of lizards
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1546:
1526:
1513:
1473:
1448:
1423:
1409:Ricord's iguana
1374:Jamaican iguana
1353:
1276:
1246:
1221:
1184:
1175:
1153:
1139:
1107:
1102:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1015:
1011:
1004:
982:
975:
960:10.2307/1467020
938:
934:
918:
881:
871:
869:
861:
860:
856:
847:
843:
836:
820:
816:
806:
804:
796:
795:
791:
786:
770:
763:
760:
751:
748:
739:
736:
727:
724:
715:
712:
703:
700:
658:
554:Baja California
552:, and south to
512:
504:Sauromalus ater
466:Sauromalus ater
457:
357:Sauromalus ater
337:Scientific name
329:
278:
236:
230:
224:
218:
210:Sauromalus ater
197:
191:
188:Sauromalus ater
168:
79:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:Reptile genera
1761:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1572:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1059:External links
1057:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1029:(5): 451–459.
1009:
1002:
973:
932:
879:
854:
841:
834:
814:
788:
787:
785:
782:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
754:
752:
749:
742:
740:
737:
730:
728:
725:
718:
716:
713:
706:
704:
701:
694:
657:
654:
575:) is found on
528:Mojave Deserts
511:
508:
456:
453:
450:
449:
446:
443:
436:
428:
427:
424:
421:
414:
411:
410:
407:
404:
397:
389:
388:
385:
382:
375:
367:
366:
363:
360:
353:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
328:
327:Extant species
325:
277:
274:
244:
243:
204:
203:
199:
198:
192:
183:
182:
176:
175:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1801:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:Desert iguana
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1172:
1171:Marine iguana
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1163:Amblyrhynchus
1160:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1005:
1003:0-8155-0917-0
999:
995:
991:
987:
980:
978:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
936:
930:
929:0-395-98272-3
926:
922:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
868:
864:
858:
851:
845:
837:
831:
827:
826:
818:
803:
799:
793:
789:
781:
779:
775:
758:
753:
746:
741:
734:
729:
722:
717:
710:
705:
698:
693:
692:
691:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
661:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
623:creosote bush
620:
613:
609:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
505:
500:
496:
494:
490:
489:femoral pores
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
447:
444:
442:
441:
437:
434:
430:
429:
425:
422:
420:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
405:
403:
402:
398:
395:
391:
390:
386:
383:
381:
380:
376:
373:
369:
368:
364:
361:
359:
358:
354:
351:
347:
346:
343:Distribution
342:
339:
336:
333:
332:
324:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:ancient Greek
287:
283:
273:
271:
267:
263:
262:
258:
254:
250:
242:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
228:
223:
222:
216:
212:
211:
205:
200:
195:
190:
189:
184:
181:
177:
172:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:
29:
26:
22:
1551:
1527:
1479:
1478:
1464:Green iguana
1453:
1428:
1394:Cuban iguana
1358:
1336:
1297:Utila iguana
1281:
1251:
1226:
1199:
1191:Brachylophus
1189:
1162:
1067:
1048:
1043:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
993:
989:
985:
951:
945:
941:
935:
920:
870:. Retrieved
866:
857:
849:
844:
824:
817:
807:15 September
805:. Retrieved
798:"Sauromalus"
792:
771:
689:
670:
662:
659:
649:
627:
616:
607:
606:Chuckwalla (
596:
588:
572:
566:
562:S. australis
561:
548:and western
531:
515:
513:
503:
482:
477:
465:
458:
438:
416:
399:
377:
355:
320:
312:
305:
297:
293:
285:
279:
260:
259:
248:
247:
237:
231:
225:
219:
214:
208:
207:
186:
180:Type species
164:
163:
68:
50:
33:
25:
1656:iNaturalist
1576:Wikispecies
1430:Dipsosaurus
774:Seri people
677:ectothermic
666:communicate
646:brittlebush
630:herbivorous
573:S. hispidus
455:Description
340:Common name
249:Chuckwallas
213:(including
1759:Sauromalus
1753:Categories
1596:Sauromalus
1582:Sauromalus
1552:Sauromalus
1480:Sauromalus
1283:Ctenosaura
1253:Conolophus
1212:Gau iguana
954:: 38–191.
942:Sauromalus
784:References
628:Primarily
619:lava flows
589:S. slevini
538:California
516:Sauromalus
514:The genus
321:chacahuala
286:Sauromalus
261:Sauromalus
165:Sauromalus
140:Suborder:
34:Sauromalus
31:Chuckwalla
1115:Kingdom:
1105:Iguanidae
1064:ARKive -
768:Human use
685:hibernate
597:S. varius
493:territory
483:They are
317:Spaniards
270:Iguanidae
154:Iguanidae
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
71:(female)
1567:Q2016288
1561:Wikidata
1135:Squamata
1129:Reptilia
1123:Chordata
1121:Phylum:
1117:Animalia
583:are the
310:Cahuilla
306:tcaxxwal
302:Shoshone
202:Species
150:Family:
134:Squamata
124:Reptilia
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
1674:1304570
1648:2459704
1360:Cyclura
1228:Cachryx
1152:species
1133:Order:
1127:Class:
968:1467020
681:basking
673:diurnal
642:insects
634:annuals
608:S. ater
550:Arizona
533:S. ater
524:Sonoran
522:of the
298:homalos
292:words:
282:generic
253:lizards
194:Dumeril
171:Dumeril
160:Genus:
144:Iguania
130:Order:
120:Class:
69:S. ater
53:(male)
51:S. ater
1736:212465
1733:uBio:
1713:763597
1687:173945
1609:174643
1455:Iguana
1150:Extant
1000:
966:
927:
872:Jun 7,
832:
542:Nevada
520:biomes
313:čaxwal
294:sauros
284:name,
266:family
196:, 1856
173:, 1856
1726:37876
1700:51218
1669:IRMNG
1661:35329
1635:35485
964:JSTOR
334:Image
304:word
257:genus
1695:NCBI
1682:ITIS
1643:GBIF
1622:7CSR
1604:BOLD
998:ISBN
988:and
925:ISBN
874:2021
830:ISBN
809:2008
772:The
636:and
546:Utah
544:and
526:and
280:The
251:are
1630:EoL
1617:CoL
1591:ADW
1031:doi
1027:270
1021:".
992:".
956:doi
652:).
472:of
319:as
308:or
1755::
1723::
1710::
1697::
1684::
1671::
1658::
1645::
1632::
1619::
1606::
1593::
1578::
1563::
1025:.
976:^
962:.
952:12
950:.
882:^
865:.
800:.
640:;
495:.
323:.
272:.
268:,
1097:e
1090:t
1083:v
1037:.
1033::
1006:.
970:.
958::
876:.
838:.
811:.
648:(
587:(
571:(
560:(
476:(
464:(
217:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
.jpg)
