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82:, who at that time arranged sale and diplomatic relations with the Tsar. It was agreed that Galloway receive 60 rubles per year, 20 copecks provision each day, and a carriage of firewood each week. In 1640 he now received 75 rubles in a year and doubled provision. Moreover, as a courtier he received "all kind of food and drink" by the Tsar's palace. Others say that for food he received 6
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for 12 rubles; altogether cost about 100 rubles. "The Tsar presented him all this for constructing the tower and clocks over the
Frolovsky gates in the Kremlin". In May that same year a heavy fire destroyed the clocks; Galloway restarted the work and finished in 1628; on 16 August 1628 he received
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On our clocks the hands move towards the numbers, in Russia it's the other way around – the numbers move towards the hand. Mr. Galloway – a very talented person – invented a dial of this type. He explains it like that: 'As the
Russians are different than other people, the things
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When
Mikhail Fyodorovich wished to see clocks on the Spassky Tower with more difficult mechanics as before, Galloway agreed and, because of the clocks' placement, also recommended to overbuild a high tower with a thatched roof over the gates, which was done from 1624 to 1625. When the work was
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The arrangement of the clocks was not typical: the dial spun, and not the hands. The
English physician Samuel Collins, when visiting Moscow, discovered that, and wrote to his friend
333:
Jeremy Howard. The
Scottish Kremlin Builder: Christopher Galloway - Clockmaker, Architect and Engineer to Tsar Mikhail, the first Romanov. Manifesto, 1997.
220:. Foreigners in Russian during the reign of Mikhail Fyodorovich. Journal of the Ministry of National Education (Журнал министерства народного просвещения),
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According to chronicles, Galloway repaired the clocks of the
Tsesarskaya Tower in 1628, and also "small clocks at the gates ".
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Galloway also built the complex of the
Printing House (Pechatnyy Dom). According to I. L. Buseva-Davydova, the plan of the
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finished and the bells controlled the clocks' time, Galloway received on 29 January 1626 from the Tsar and His father,
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75:; however, I. L. Buseva-Davydova thinks that those are two different persons.
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in 1641 (20 and a half of kopecks), and received the double from 1645 on.
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44:(1621–1645). He is best known for constructing the clocks at the
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engineer and architect who worked in Russia during the reign of Tsar
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in 1621 (or 1620 in different accounts) and after 1645. Historian
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Nothing is known about his early biography before his arrival in
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In 1633 Galloway constructed a machine to lift water from the
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185:Автореферат диссертации на звание доктора искусствоведения
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believes that
Galloway was mentioned in a chronicle as
181:Россия XVII века: культура и искусство в эпоху перемен
277:. The Palace of Moscow Tsars till Peter the Great.
218:Иноземцы в России в царствование Михаила Фёдоровича
350:. London: Yale University Press. p. 151-156.
158:(1636–1637) may have belonged to Galloway.
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320:A biographical dictionary of British architects
224:. (in Russian). Saint Petersburg, 1855. p. 92.
78:He travelled to Moscow at the request of King
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122:, 4 arshin raspberry-coloured stuff, forty
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275:Дворец Московских царей до Петра Великого
151:into the Sviblova (Vodovzvodnaya) Tower.
258:Russian and Scotland: Brothers in spirit
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20:
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143:made should be that way accordingly'
281:. (in Russian). Moscow, 1849. p. 127.
248:. (in Russian). Moscow, 1905. p. 187.
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131:almost the same presents as before.
207:(in Russian). Moscow, 1905. p. 188.
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14:
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347:Russian Architecture and the West
101:, salary of one silver cube, 10
16:Scottish engineer and architect
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56:, and the water engine in the
1:
344:Shvidkovsky, Dmitrii (2007).
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187:(in Russian). Moscow, 2005.
99:Patriarch Philaret Nikitich
10:
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118:, 5 arshin amber-coloured
322:, 1600–1840. 2008.
203:. The History of Moscow.
73:Christophor Christophorov
216:А. S. Lappo-Danilevsky.
179:I. L. Buseva-Davydova.
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30:
242:The History of Moscow
238:История города Москвы
201:История города Москвы
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126:for 41 rubles, forty
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375:Scottish clockmakers
34:Christopher Galloway
29:of the Spassky Tower
380:Scottish architects
58:Vodovzvodnaya Tower
385:Scottish engineers
293:, p. 151-156.
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357:978-0-300-10912-2
328:978-0-300-12508-5
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303:Shvidkovsky 2007
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291:Shvidkovsky 2007
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273:Ivan Zabelin.
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69:Ivan Zabelin
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46:tented roof
27:tented roof
369:Categories
222:Part CCXLI
162:References
80:James VI
38:Scottish
313:Sources
279:Part II
264:, 2009.
128:martens
120:taffeta
106:scarlet
52:in the
48:of the
42:Mikhail
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246:Part I
205:Part I
149:Moskva
124:sables
116:damask
103:arshin
88:dengas
86:and 5
84:altyns
65:Moscow
36:was a
113:azure
109:satin
352:ISBN
335:ISBN
324:ISBN
25:The
262:BBC
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229:^
192:^
183:.
170:^
138::
60:.
360:.
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