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223:, and Dutch engravers illustrated many of his editions. Antwerp was a dangerous place for publishers around the time. In 1561, the Spanish governor ordered a raid on Plantin's workshop for possibly housing heretical works and being a Protestant sympathizer. To avoid being jailed, Plantin quickly sold all of his works so that nothing would be found in his possession. As soon as things calmed down around him, he bought them all back.
463:, but the firm began to decline in the second half of the 17th century. It remained, however, in the possession of the Moretus family, which left everything in the office untouched, and when the city of Antwerp acquired (for 1.2 million francs) the old buildings with all their contents, the authorities created, with little trouble, the Musee Plantin, which opened on 19 August 1877.
351:, and Hebrew. This venture for Plantin was very expensive, requiring him to mortgage his own business to pay for the production of this bible, in the hope that there would be a worthwhile payoff in the end. It took thirteen presses and fifty-three men to complete the task. Characters in each of the printed languages were required, with French type designer
263:("By Labor and Constancy") surrounds the symbol of a pair of compasses held by a hand extending from a bank of clouds and inscribing a circle. The center point of the compasses indicates constancy, the moving point which renders the circle is the labor. Plantin holds the instrument in portraits of him, such as the one commissioned from the Flemish painter
199:, the guild responsible for painters, sculptors, engravers and printers. The quality of his work as a bookbinder brought him into contact with nobility and wealth. By 1549, he headed one of the most well-respected publishing houses in Europe. He was responsible for printing a wide range of titles, from
230:
pamphlet, which resulted in his presses and goods being seized and sold. It seems, however, that he eventually recovered much of the value that was taken from him. With the help of four
Antwerp merchants, he was able to re-establish and expand his printing business significantly. Among these friends
355:
providing the steel punches. With
Montano's zealous help, the work was finished in four years (1568 - 1572). There were eight volumes in folio format, meaning only two pages could be printed at one time. This work earned Plantin little profit, but resulted in Philip's granting him the privilege of
427:
Latin and Greek classics, and many other works are renowned for their beautiful execution and accuracy. A skillful businessman, by 1575 his printing firm reckoned more than 20 presses and 73 workmen, plus various specialists who did job-work out of their homes. The vast collection of handwritten
522:, who led the Leiden branch of the house. They stayed printers in Leiden for two more generations of Van Ravelinge, until 1619. A great-granddaughter of the last Van Ravelinge printer married in 1685 Jordaen Luchtmans, founder of what would become later the still existing
509:
Christophe
Plantin (1520–1589) married Joanna Riviere; they had five daughters and a son. Christophe's daughters were described as learned in reading and writing, especially Greek and Latin. One teenage daughter is said to have helped proofread the
335:. Facing increasing pressure and turmoil in the Habsburg Netherlands, Plantin needed to find a patron that would not fall victim to claims of heresy or being a Protestant sympathizer. In spite of clerical opposition, Plantin was encouraged by King
274:
and burned
Antwerp, which essentially ended its supremacy as the commercial centre and richest city of Europe, and Plantin had to pay an exorbitant ransom to protect his printing works. He established a branch of his firm in
255:, which present collections of images paired with short, often cryptic, text explanations. It is also at this time that Plantin adopted a printer's mark which would appear in various forms on the title pages of all
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in five different languages. It is important to note that “it was said that she could correct the script perfectly accurately, but without understanding a word of it.” Magdalen would later marry her father's Paris
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by
Giovanni Michele Bruto, with a French translation. This was soon followed by many other works in French and Latin, which in point of execution rivalled the best printing of his time. The art of
540:, who with her sister, Catherine, helped run the family's silk shop by the age of seventeen. Martina and Catherine were efficient and well known in their silk handlings. Later, Martina married
428:
ledgers and letters of the
Officina Plantiniana, as it was known, can be examined online following digitization by the Museum Plantin-Moretus and hosting by World Digital Library.
455:. Towards the end of the 17th century, the business began to decline. Plantin's works however, were meticulously preserved. Today, the building that housed the firm is called the
544:(Jan or Joannes Moerentorf) (1543–1610) in 1570. They had 10 children. After her husband's death, Martina was the head of the firm until her sons took over running the business.
207:. While delivering a prestigious commission, he was mistakenly attacked and received an arm wound that prevented him from labouring as a bookbinder and led him to concentrate on
1143:
368:, etc.) for the states ruled by Philip, the title "Architypographus Regii," which he dutifully added to the title pages of Plantin Press books, and the unwanted duty of
379:, Plantin published many other works of note, such as the "Dictionarium Tetraglotton" of 1562, which was a dictionary in Greek, Latin, French and Flemish, editions of
147:. It played a significant role in making Antwerp a leading centre of book publishing in Europe. The publishing house was continued by his successors until 1867.
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Plantin was a prolific printer and prosperous entrepreneur, publishing more than 40 editions of emblem books. His most important work is considered to be the
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295:(Raphelengius). Plantin left his Leiden office to Raphelengius and returned to Antwerp after it became more settled after its conquest by the prince of
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Magdalena
Plantin married Gilles Beys, who then ran the French branch of the Plantin office. This continued for one more generation under their son,
595:
Eduardus
Josephus Hyacinthus Moretus (1804–1880). He sold the office to the city of Antwerp in 1876, after having printed the last book in 1866.
179:. He was not born to a wealthy family, and his mother died when Plantin was still quite young. As a youth he apprenticed as a bookbinder in
1058:
1030:
The Golden
Compasses : a history and evaluation of the printing and publishing activities of the Officina Plantiniana at Antwerp,
211:
and printing. By 1555, he had his own print shop and was an accomplished printer. The first book he is known to have printed was
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Though outwardly a faithful member of the
Catholic Church, he appears to have used his resources to support several sects of
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or Familists. It is now proven that many of their books, published without naming the printer, came from Plantin Press.
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which he named "De Gulden Passer" (The Golden Compasses). This gesture mirrors the commercial success of publishing
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Balthazar IV Moretus (1679–1730) married Isabella Jacoba De Mont (or De Brialmont); they had 8 children
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Josephus Hyacinthus Moretus (1762–1810) married Maria Henrica Coleta Wellens; they had 8 children
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287:. Plantin moved there after he had left his much-reduced business in Antwerp to his sons-in-law
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Joannes Jacobus Moretus (1690–1757) married Theresia Mechtildis Schilder; they had 9 children
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printer. The co-venture lasted only until 1567 but enabled Plantin to acquire a house in the
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in two volumes. Vol. 1, Christophe Plantin and the Moretuses. (Amsterdam and London, 1969).
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580:, who led the office after Franciscus' death until her death in 1797. They had 13 children
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obligating him to inspect and verify the skill and dogmatic adherence of other printers.
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143:. He established in Antwerp one of the most prominent publishing houses of his time, the
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who ran his shop in Antwerp, and Francis van Ravelinghen who took over his shop in
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187:, and also married there. In 1545, he and his wife, Joanna Rivière, set up shop in
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A Plantin Press title page with compass vignette with motto "Labore et Constantia"
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Magdalen Plantin, who was reported to have aided her father in proofreading the
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to lead the editorship. The Polyglot Bible has parallel texts in Latin, Greek,
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Jan II Moretus (1576–1618) married Maria De Sweert; they had 6 children
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Annales plantiniennes depuis la fondation de l'imprimerie plantinienne
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459:. Moretus and his descendants continued to print many works of note
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
763:(second ed.). Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 82.
710:(second ed.). Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 81.
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After Plantin's death, his firm was taken over by his son-in-law,
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In 1562, while Plantin was absent in Paris, his workmen printed a
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Albertus Franciscus Hyacinthus Fredericus Moretus (1795–1865)
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sought a typographer for the newly erected university at
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The Plantin-Moretus family tree, including the heads of
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Christophe Plantin enacts his printer's mark and motto
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Book publishers (people) from the Habsburg Netherlands
858:"Meet Plantin and his family | Museum Plantin-Moretus"
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in 1585. Plantin laboured in Antwerp until his death.
403:, and the description of the Habsburg Netherlands by
16:
French humanist, publisher and printer (c.1520–1589)
586:Ludovicus Franciscus Xaverius Moretus (1758–1820)
213:La Institutione di una fanciulla nata nobilmente,
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944:. United Kingdom: Nabu Press. pp. 429–430.
886:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. p. 81.
735:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. p. 81.
576:Franciscus Joannes Moretus (1717–1768) married
470:was created in his memory, given to a Belgian
1062:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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478:, who has made significant contributions to
583:Jacobus Paulus Josephus Moretus (1756–1808)
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1094:
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966:"Martina Plantin | Museum Plantin-Moretus"
563:Balthazar III Moretus (1646–1696) married
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556:Balthasar II Moretus (1615–1674) married
239:, who furnished him with the fine Hebrew
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834:. Plantin-Moretus Museum. Archived from
785:"Search Results - World Digital Library"
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1016:Christophe Plantin, imprimeur anversois
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678:– via spcoll.library.uvic.ca.
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665:"Sancti Epiphanius Ad Physiologum"
331:(King's Bible), also known as the
37:Posthumous portrait of Plantin by
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1102:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
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1021:Voet, L., and Voet-Grisolle, J.,
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993:De Backer, A., and Ruelens, C.,
669:Sancti Epiphanius Ad Physiologum
311:A 1569 Christopher Plantin Bible
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270:In November 1576, the Spaniards
1025:(6 vols., Amsterdam 1980-1983).
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1023:The Plantin Press (1555-1589)
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909:Books : a living history
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49:
1154:French Renaissance humanists
356:printing all Roman Catholic
131:– 1 July 1589) was a French
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1088:Works by Christophe Plantin
1074:Works by Christophe Plantin
1011:, 2nd ed. (Brussels, 1878).
970:www.museumplantinmoretus.be
862:www.museumplantinmoretus.be
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518:Margaretha Plantin married
339:, who sent him the learned
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1170:
1105:"Christophe Plantin"
1009:La Maison Plantin Ă Anvers
832:"Plantin en de Moretussen"
812:. Encyclopaedia Britannica
323:("By Labor and Constancy")
139:who resided and worked in
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435:, sometimes known as the
370:prototypo-graphus regius,
279:. In 1583, the states of
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810:Encyclopaedia Britannica
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578:Maria Theresia Borrekens
468:Christophe Plantin Prize
1059:Encyclopædia Britannica
1004:(London, Cassell, 1960)
907:Martyn., Lyons (2011).
884:Books: A Living History
761:Books: A Living History
733:Books: A Living History
708:Books: A Living History
560:; they had 12 children
520:Franciscus Raphelengius
461:in officina Plantiniana
219:then flourished in the
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882:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
759:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
731:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
706:Lyons, Martyn (2011).
567:; they had 9 children
457:Plantin-Moretus Museum
407:. His editions of the
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1129:16th-century printers
1111:Catholic Encyclopedia
942:The Spell of Flanders
940:Vose, Edward (2010).
500:Officiana Plantiniana
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137:printer and publisher
806:"Christophe Plantin"
341:Benito Arias Montano
321:Labore et Constantia
293:Frans van Ravelingen
261:Labore et Constantia
221:Habsburg Netherlands
163:Plantin was born in
133:Renaissance humanist
122:Christoffel Plantijn
1149:French male writers
1054:Plantin, Christophe
1002:Christopher Plantin
548:Balthasar I Moretus
171:, near the city of
838:on 6 November 2013
632:Plantin (typeface)
565:Anna Maria de Neuf
337:Philip II of Spain
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114:Christophe Plantin
25:Christophe Plantin
997:(Brussels, 1866).
502:, later known as
265:Peter Paul Rubens
259:books. The motto
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94:Years active
58:Kingdom of France
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377:Plantin Polyglot
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197:Guild of St Luke
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550:(1574–1641)
542:Jan Moretus
494:Family tree
449:Jan Moretus
289:Jan Moretus
129: 1520
75:1 July 1589
53: 1520
1123:Categories
988:References
975:22 October
867:22 October
488:scientific
385:St. Jerome
366:breviaries
249:Hoogstraat
209:typography
71:1589-07-01
927:707023033
558:Anna Goos
393:Dodonaeus
391:works of
389:botanical
272:plundered
241:typefaces
228:heretical
217:engraving
135:and book
97:1548–1589
816:16 April
674:16 April
621:See also
484:artistic
480:cultural
472:civilian
433:heretics
401:Lobelius
245:Venetian
185:Normandy
177:Touraine
1047::
789:wdl.org
397:Clusius
362:missals
349:Aramaic
281:Holland
233:nephews
205:hymnals
193:Antwerp
141:Antwerp
89:Antwerp
79:Antwerp
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534:agent.
476:abroad
453:Leiden
443:Legacy
423:, his
413:Hebrew
387:, the
345:Syriac
285:Leiden
201:Cicero
165:France
39:Rubens
643:Notes
421:Dutch
417:Latin
409:Bible
297:Parma
277:Paris
189:Paris
173:Tours
118:Dutch
977:2018
946:ISBN
923:OCLC
913:ISBN
888:ISBN
869:2018
844:2013
818:2018
765:ISBN
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