359:, which Augustus had signed after his election, he was obliged to persuade her to convert, which she refused. In March 1698, Augustus invited her to come to Danzig, where there was a large Protestant minority and where her father was to meet her. He promised her the freedom to remain a Protestant, bring with her a Protestant clergyman and practice her own faith, as long as the clergyman did not appear in public dressed in office and she did not visit Protestant churches in public. Augustus further guaranteed that their son would not convert by entrusting him to the care of his Protestant mother, Dowager Electress Anna Sophie. Christiane Eberhardine did not agree with the terms and refused to follow her father to Danzig and therefrom to Warsaw. On April 1698, her spouse and father signed a document in Warsaw, promising freedom of religion for her in Danzig and Thorn, though not publicly. Her father then returned with the document to Dresden and tried to convince her to come to Poland-Lithuania. Despite repeated attempts and demands from her husband and father, Christiane Eberhardine refused to go to Poland-Lithuania, and she never did during the entire reign of Augustus, nor was she ever crowned queen.
29:
347:, participated in the procession, driving the wagon of Apollo dressed as the goddess Aurora, while she participated in a minor role as one of the Vestal Virgins escorting the goddess Vesta. In 1696, Christiane Eberhardine gave birth to her only child, the heir to the throne, after the only pregnancy during her entire marriage.
394:; in 1697 she took over operation of the glass factory in Pretzsch, founded by Constantin Fremel. She enjoyed playing cards and billiards, which is noted to have amassed great debts by 1711. She founded an orangery and during the last year of her life she was in the midst of planning a Protestant convent for female nobles.
355:, and from the summer of 1697 until the coronation on 15 September 1697, Augustus tried to negotiate for her to come. However, Christiane Eberhardine refused to attend the coronation and to set foot in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth even though her father also united with Augustus in persuading her. According to the
350:
In 1697, Augustus converted to
Catholicism and was elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. Apparently, he had discussed neither his conversion nor his candidacy with her. His conversion caused a scandal in Saxony, and he was forced to guarantee the religious freedom of Saxony. According
397:
Queen-Grand
Duchess Christiane Eberhardine, as did her mother-in-law, enjoyed immense popularity in Saxony as a symbol of Protestant faith and protection against Catholic Poland-Lithuania, which the Protestants feared would enforce a counter-reformation. In this role, Protestant preachers liked to
362:
During his reign, Augustus travelled between the Polish-Lithuanian
Commonwealth and Saxony, and during his visits to Saxony, Christiane Eberhardine appeared at his side at official functions, such as when he returned to Saxony after his election in Dresden in August 1699, when they appeared at the
374:
in the summers, which was close to the residence of her mother-in-law, who also had the custody of her son, whom she often visited, as she and her mother-in-law was on friendly terms. She made trips to her relatives in
Bayreuth and the spa at Ems and regularly visited Dresden during the carnival
342:
Christiane
Eberhardine became electress when Augustus succeeded his brother as elector in 1694. In the carnival procession with which Augustus celebrated his elevation, and where the members of his court drove through Dresden dressed as gods and goddesses, the mistress of her husband,
375:
season and
Christmas. Christiane Eberhardine continued to participate in representational court life in Dresden whenever her presence was required, the biggest festivities being the state visit of the King of Denmark in 1709 and the wedding of her son in 1719.
351:
to the contemporary norms, Christiane
Eberhardine, now queen and grand duchess, was expected to follow him to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and support him by hosting his court as queen and grand duchess by his side and be crowned with him in
363:
theater. Often, however, they did not meet for years at a time, such as for example in 1700–1703 and 1714–1717, when he spent all his time in Poland-Lithuania. Augustus visited her at
Pretzsch every year he travelled to Dresden.
401:
Christiane
Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth died at the age of 55 and was buried on 6 September in the parish church of Pretzsch. Neither her husband nor her son were present at the funeral. In commemoration of her death,
525:, Leipzig 1987. Aufgeklärter Absolutismus und kirchlich-religiöse Toleranzpolitik bei August dem Starken, In: Sachsen und die Wettiner. Chancen und Realitäten (Sondernummer der Dresdner Hefte); Dresden 1990
398:
portray her as a miserable
Protestant martyr, isolated as a virtual prisoner in her lonely castle, a portrait even more accentuated after her son had been taken from Saxony and converted to Catholicism.
378:
In her voluntary exile she concentrated on cultural activities and took interest in the faith of orphaned children. At her court, she took many relatives as courtiers to educate them, among them
300:, on 20 January 1693 at age 21. The marriage was purely political and highly unhappy. Augustus considered her boring, while she was shocked and hurt by his constant infidelity.
753:
284:
by birth. She had five younger siblings, only two of whom survived infancy. She remained close to her relatives in Bayreuth and continued to visit them after her marriage.
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307:
was born in Dresden. This was the only pregnancy in their entire 34-year-long marriage. He was brought up by his paternal grandmother,
1410:
1070:
828:
537:
Christiane Eberhardine Prinzessin von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Kurfürstin von Sachsen und Königin von Polen, Gemahlin August des Starken
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276:. She was named for her father, Christian, and her mother's father, Eberhard. As the daughter of the Margrave of
236:
459:
Clarissa Campbell Orr: Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press (2004)
344:
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Queen Christiane Eberhardine lived separated from her spouse with her own court in Hartenfels Castle in
413:
200:
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311:. Because Christiane Eberhardine and her mother-in-law got on well, she visited her son frequently.
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36:
28:
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Galerie der sächsischen Fürstinnen; biogr. Skizzen sämtlicher Ahnfrauen des kgl. Hauses Sachsen
304:
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208:
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132:
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110:
848:
8:
941:
918:
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698:
1262:
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1112:
999:
946:
856:
763:
476:. Ed. Susan Manning and Peter France. Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell UP, 2006. 119–25. Print.
318:
to become king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, but she remained faithful to her
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139:
788:
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733:
900:
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778:
743:
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1426:
1154:
708:
472:
Watanabe-O'Kelly, Helen. "Enlightenment, Emancipation, and the Queen Consort."
356:
215:
did she set foot in Poland-Lithuania, instead living in Saxony in self-imposed
1055:
1540:
936:
877:
803:
685:
212:
390:
who married the Prince of Ostfriesland. She was also active in the field of
646:
334:
of Lithuania. Her Protestant countrymen named her "The Pillar of Saxony."
235:. Despite the allegiance of Christiane Eberhardine and her mother-in-law,
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Kurfürstin Christiane Eberhardine von Sachsen: eine ev. Bekennerin
703:
151:
530:
Prinzessinnen. Glanz, Einsamkeit und Skandale am sächsischen Hof
367:
509:
Christiane Eberhardine und August der Starke: eine Ehetragödie
1102:
247:, both became Catholics, ensuring Catholic succession in the
216:
1499:
Margravine Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
337:
1475:
Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
211:. Not once throughout the whole of her thirty-year
1523:Countess Palatine Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld
1252:
303:Three years later, on 17 October 1696, their son
266:Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
167:Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1538:
502:Frauengestalten und Frauenwalten im Hause Wettin
187:(19 December 1671 – 4 September 1727) was
1085:
547:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1298:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1035:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
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382:, who married the Russian heir to the throne,
314:Christiane Eberhardine's husband converted to
185:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
22:Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
1338:
1071:
662:
322:beliefs and was not present at her husband's
1293:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
1030:Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
676:
568:Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien
416:, first performed on 15 October 1727 in the
409:Laß, Fürstin, laß noch einen Strahl, BWV 198
386:who married the Crown Prince of Denmark and
1491:Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
434:
1345:
1331:
1078:
1064:
669:
655:
27:
1352:
231:subjects for her refusal to convert to
1539:
518:, in: Sächs. Heimat, Hamburg, Jg. 1981
516:Eine alte Unterschrift von zarter Hand
296:, the younger brother of the elector,
287:
227:, "Saxony's pillar of prayer", by her
1326:
1059:
650:
1507:Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria
1467:Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia
50:15 September 1697 – 1 September 1706
13:
622:Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
610:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
579:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
480:
338:Queen, Grand Duchess and Electress
294:Frederick Augustus, Duke of Saxony
41:Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
14:
1623:
274:Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg
207:from 1697 to 1727 by marriage to
58:9 October 1709 – 4 September 1727
1515:Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria
523:August der Starke und Kursachsen
370:in winters and in her castle at
268:, and his second wife, Princess
121:St. Nicholas Evangelical Church,
73:27 April 1694 – 4 September 1727
1483:Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark
1395:Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
264:She was the firstborn child of
195:from 1694 to 1727 (her death),
1562:Electoral Princesses of Saxony
474:Enlightenment and Emancipation
205:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1443:Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt-Dessau
427:
259:
243:, her husband and son, later
1567:Grand duchesses of Lithuania
345:Maria Aurora von Königsmarck
254:
251:after a century and a half.
7:
1411:Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich
1087:Royal consorts of Lithuania
862:Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
629:Electress consort of Saxony
270:Sophie Luise of Württemberg
177:Sophie Luise of Württemberg
64:Electress consort of Saxony
10:
1628:
1607:Mothers of Polish monarchs
1459:Princess Hedwig of Denmark
466:
414:Johann Christoph Gottsched
1612:Mothers of Saxon monarchs
1360:
1278:Cecilia Renata of Austria
1239:
1186:
1134:
1125:
1093:
1015:Cecilia Renata of Austria
990:
927:
909:
875:
847:
752:
684:
635:
626:
618:
603:
595:
585:
572:
564:
559:
545:
380:Charlotte of Braunschweig
172:
162:
150:
138:
128:
116:
100:
81:
77:
69:
62:
54:
46:
35:
26:
21:
1582:Queens consort of Poland
1435:Princess Anna of Denmark
1308:Maria Josepha of Austria
1127:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1045:Maria Josepha of Austria
719:Maria Dobroniega of Kiev
678:Royal consorts of Poland
639:Maria Josepha of Austria
535:Böttcher, Hans-Joachim:
326:, and was never crowned
839:Margaret of Brandenburg
769:Viacheslava of Novgorod
606:Queen consort of Poland
575:Queen consort of Poland
37:Queen consort of Poland
16:Queen consort of Poland
1597:Augustus II the Strong
829:Matilda of Brandenburg
714:Richeza of Lotharingia
493:Blanckmeister, Franz:
486:Stichart, Franz Otto:
309:Anna Sophie of Denmark
237:Anna Sophie of Denmark
209:Augustus II the Strong
145:Augustus III of Poland
1602:Daughters of monarchs
1587:Electresses of Saxony
1572:House of Hohenzollern
1451:Sophie of Brandenburg
1388:Euphemia of Oleśnica
1354:Electresses of Saxony
552:House of Hohenzollern
422:University of Leipzig
406:composed the cantata
404:Johann Sebastian Bach
201:Grand Duchess Consort
133:Augustus II of Poland
1577:People from Bayreuth
1283:Marie Louise Gonzaga
1273:Constance of Austria
1227:Catherine of Austria
1217:Elizabeth of Austria
1197:Elizabeth of Austria
1095:Kingdom of Lithuania
1020:Marie Louise Gonzaga
1010:Constance of Austria
982:Catherine of Austria
972:Elizabeth of Austria
952:Elizabeth of Austria
929:Jagiellonian dynasty
694:Doubravka of Bohemia
420:, the church of the
372:Pretzsch an der Elbe
278:Brandenburg-Bayreuth
123:Pretzsch an der Elbe
111:Pretzsch an der Elbe
1403:Margaret of Austria
1382:Barbara of Legnica
1370:Cecilia of Carrara
1364:Elisabeth of Hesse
1303:Catherine Opalińska
1288:Eleonore of Austria
1136:House of Gediminids
1040:Catherine Opalińska
1025:Eleonore of Austria
942:Elizabeth Granowska
919:Elizabeth of Bosnia
911:Capet-Anjou dynasty
891:Aldona of Lithuania
794:Grzymisława of Łuck
699:Oda of Haldensleben
599:Katarzyna Opalińska
589:Katarzyna Opalińska
288:Marriage and issues
1376:Anna of Thuringia
1263:Louise of Lorraine
1188:House of Jagiellon
1104:House of Mindaugas
1000:Louise of Lorraine
947:Sophia of Halshany
857:Judith of Habsburg
764:Agnes of Babenberg
724:Wyszesława of Kiev
528:Fellmann, Walter:
514:Lauckner, Martin:
305:Frederick Augustus
1534:
1533:
1419:Sibylle of Cleves
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1241:Polish–Lithuanian
1235:
1234:
1222:Barbara Radziwiłł
1160:Jadwiga of Poland
1121:
1120:
1053:
1052:
992:Elective monarchy
977:Barbara Radziwiłł
896:Adelaide of Hesse
886:Jadwiga of Kalisz
849:Přemyslid dynasty
834:Richeza of Sweden
824:Gryfina of Halych
809:Hedwig of Silesia
729:Judith of Bohemia
645:
644:
636:Succeeded by
586:Succeeded by
500:Meyer, Johannes:
225:Sachsens Betsäule
223:, she was called
182:
181:
1619:
1592:Albertine branch
1557:German Lutherans
1347:
1340:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1250:
1249:
1202:Helena of Moscow
1175:Uliana Olshanska
1150:Maria of Vitebsk
1132:
1131:
1100:
1099:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1056:
957:Helena of Moscow
867:Viola of Teschen
784:Helena of Znojmo
739:Zbyslava of Kiev
734:Judith of Swabia
671:
664:
657:
648:
647:
619:Preceded by
596:Preceded by
565:Preceded by
543:
542:
460:
457:
384:Sophie Magdalene
219:. Born a German
107:
104:4 September 1727
92:19 December 1671
91:
89:
31:
19:
18:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1356:
1351:
1321:
1312:
1268:Anne of Austria
1243:
1231:
1207:Barbara Zápolya
1182:
1117:
1089:
1084:
1054:
1049:
1005:Anne of Austria
986:
962:Barbara Zápolya
923:
905:
901:Hedwig of Sagan
871:
843:
819:Kinga of Poland
814:Anne of Bohemia
779:Eudoxia of Kiev
755:
748:
744:Salomea of Berg
680:
675:
641:
632:
624:
613:
608:
601:
591:
582:
577:
570:
555:
548:
539:, Dresden 2011.
483:
481:Further reading
469:
464:
463:
458:
435:
430:
412:, to a text of
388:Sophie Caroline
340:
290:
262:
257:
249:Albertine lands
124:
122:
109:
105:
93:
87:
85:
39:
17:
12:
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5:
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1512:
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1472:
1464:
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1432:
1427:Agnes of Hesse
1424:
1416:
1408:
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1374:
1368:
1361:
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1193:
1191:
1184:
1183:
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1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:Uliana of Tver
1152:
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1123:
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841:
836:
831:
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801:
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791:
789:Lucia of Rügen
786:
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758:
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709:Oda of Meissen
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562:
561:
557:
556:
549:
546:
541:
540:
533:
532:, Leipzig 1996
526:
519:
512:
511:, Dresden 1930
505:
504:, Bautzen 1912
498:
491:
490:, Leipzig 1857
482:
479:
478:
477:
468:
465:
462:
461:
432:
431:
429:
426:
418:Paulinerkirche
357:Pacta Conventa
339:
336:
330:of Poland and
298:John George IV
289:
286:
272:, daughter of
261:
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180:
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108:(aged 55)
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937:Anna of Cilli
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686:Piast dynasty
683:
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623:
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560:Royal titles
558:
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332:grand duchess
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1245:Commonwealth
1179:Anna of Tver
1034:
627:
604:
573:
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515:
508:
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292:She married
291:
263:
245:Augustus III
224:
184:
183:
157:Hohenzollern
106:(1727-09-04)
1552:1727 deaths
1547:1671 births
1526:(1769–1806)
1510:(1733–1757)
1502:(1694–1727)
1494:(1694–1694)
1486:(1680–1691)
1478:(1656–1680)
1470:(1611–1656)
1462:(1602–1611)
1454:(1586–1591)
1438:(1553–1585)
1430:(1547–1553)
1422:(1532–1547)
1414:(1464–1486)
1406:(1431–1464)
1398:(1423–1428)
1390:(1420–1422)
1384:(1396–1419)
1378:(1388–1395)
1372:(1376–1388)
1366:(1356–1370)
1256:(1569–1795)
1212:Bona Sforza
1190:(1440–1569)
1138:(1285–1440)
1106:(1236–1263)
967:Bona Sforza
316:Catholicism
241:Lutheranism
233:Catholicism
1541:Categories
633:1694–1727
614:1709–1727
583:1697–1706
428:References
324:coronation
320:Protestant
282:margravine
280:, she was
260:Early life
229:Protestant
221:margravine
88:1671-12-19
876:Restored
392:economics
255:Biography
213:queenship
189:Electress
95:Bayreuth
1254:Elected
799:Ludmila
704:Emnilda
467:Sources
203:of the
1518:(1763)
1446:(1586)
1165:Birutė
756:period
368:Torgau
353:Kraków
193:Saxony
173:Mother
163:Father
129:Spouse
117:Burial
70:Tenure
55:Tenure
47:Tenure
1145:Jaunė
1113:Morta
774:Maria
328:queen
239:, to
217:exile
152:House
140:Issue
1170:Anna
199:and
101:Died
82:Born
191:of
1543::
436:^
424:.
1346:e
1339:t
1332:v
1079:e
1072:t
1065:v
670:e
663:t
656:v
90:)
86:(
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