316:
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31:
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2252:(mercury sulfide) were used for producing red lacquer. Lacquer was used both on pottery, and on different types of wooden items. In some cases, burial clothes for the dead were also lacquered. Many lacquered objects have turned up during the Early Jōmon period; this indicates that this was an established part of Jōmon culture. Experts are divided on whether Jōmon lacquer was derived from Chinese techniques, or invented independently. For example, Mark Hudson believes that “Jomon lacquer technology was developed independently in Japan rather than being introduced from China as once believed”.
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2009:
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542:(polish-reveal) in which a design is built up with lacquer in certain areas, the remaining areas are filled with lacquer of a different color, and the entire surface is polished down. Especially the art of inlaying lacquer with mother-of-pearl was intensively developed during the Song dynasty. However, during the Song, the artistic craft also made use of inlaid gold in a process of which is to engrave intricate patterns in the lacquer surface and to fill the
2117:
2692:
3195:
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352:
1981:
497:(618–907), Chinese lacquerware saw a new style marked by the use of sheets of gold or silver made in various shapes, such as birds, animals, and flowers. The cut-outs were affixed onto the surface of the lacquerware, after which new layers of lacquer were applied, dried, and then ground away, so the surface could be polished to reveal the golden or silvery patterns beneath. This was done by a technique known as
3071:. This institution was to be the birthplace of the revitalised art of lacquer painting. In 1934 the school opened its lacquer department and it was from here that well known contributors to the art including; Bui Trang Chuoc, Nguyen Van Binh, Nguyen Khang, Nguyen Duc Nung, Nguyen Tien Chung, and Pham Van Don would emerge.
3086:, the art of lacquerware was slowly dying out in Vietnam. But since the 1980s, the government has recognized it as a vital cultural and economic force and has encouraged the business community to invest in the craft. As a result, we see a resurgence of lacquerware and a proliferation of lacquerware products from Vietnam.
2823:
are popular designs and some vessels may be encrusted with glass mosaic or semi-precious stones in gold relief. The objects are all handmade and the designs and engraving done free-hand. It may take three to four months to finish a small vessel but perhaps over a year for a larger piece. The finished
2142:
The very term 'Najeonchilgi' is a combination of two particular words: 'najeon'– mother-of-pearl and ‘chilgi’ which refers to lacquerware. ‘najeon’ refers to the composite material which forms the inner shiny shell layer. The Three
Kingdom period (57 B.C. – 668 A.D.) witnessed the introduction of the
549:
The knowledge of the
Chinese methods of the lacquer process spread from China during the Han, Tang and Song dynasties, eventually it was introduced to Korea, Japan. In Japan, the art of lacquerware-making came along with Buddhism and other cultural artifacts from China via the Korean Peninsula during
3074:
It was the first generation of
Vietnamese students of the Indochina School of Fine Art during the 1930s, who elevated the craft of lacquer painting to a truly fine art. Less interested in decor than their craftsmen predecessors, it was also these men who would begin a series of artistic innovations
2286:
techniques characteristic of
Japanese lacquerware were developed. While the method of drawing designs with a brush by dissolving gold powder in lacquer is a common technique in other countries, the method of drawing designs with lacquer and then sprinkling gold, silver, or copper powder of various
3078:
Creating images with crushed eggshell, painting pigment over gold and tin foil and adding sand to lacquer were all techniques developed by those first students. The metallic color lacquerware for which
Vietnamese craftsmen are rightly famous, was first developed by artists experimenting with many
2930:
is the major centre for the lacquerware industry where the handicraft has been established for nearly two centuries, and still practiced in the traditional manner. Here a government school of lacquerware was founded in the 1920s. Since plastics, porcelain and metal have superseded lacquer in most
1900:
48:. Lacquerware includes small or large containers, tableware, a variety of small objects carried by people, and larger objects such as furniture and even coffins painted with lacquer. Before lacquering, the surface is sometimes painted with pictures, inlaid with shell and other materials, or
1950:
2396:(1603–1868) saw an increase in the focused cultivation of lacquer trees and the development of the techniques used. In the 18th century colored lacquers came into wider use. With the development of economy and culture, the artistic quality of lacquered furniture has improved.
1368:
1778:
1754:
2909:. Theatrical troupes and musicians have their lacquerware in costumes, masks, head-dresses, and musical instruments, some of them stored and carried in lacquer trunks. Boxes in the shape of a pumpkin or a bird such as the owl, which is believed to bring luck, or the
1551:
3239:, the Spanish had indigenous craftsmen apply the technique to European style furniture and other items, changing the decorative motifs and color schemes, but the process and materials remained mostly the same. Asian lacquerware and artisans brought by the
1668:
1680:
315:
1299:
2216:
techniques compared to other countries. As a result, there are many works in which relatively vivid gold and silver patterns and pictures shine on the black base of lacquerware, and the entire lacquerware is covered with shiny gold and silver grains.
2486:
and is encouraging them to make lacquerware. Lacquerware is produced throughout the
Japanese archipelago, with many regional techniques and variations. Besides the very old Kamakura tradition mentioned above (and still alive today), the port town of
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which can be sculpted. The object is coated layer upon layer with thitsee and thayo to make a smooth surface, polished and engraved with intricate designs, commonly using red, green and yellow colors on a red or black background.
490:(206 BC – 220 AD), special administrations were established to organize and divide labor for the expanding lacquer production in China. Elaborate incised decorations were used in lacquerware during the Han dynasty.
1637:
1591:
2294:(1185–1333), carved lacquer from the Song dynasty of China was imported to Japan. However, many Japanese lacquer craftsmen did not adopt the Chinese method of depositing lacquer and then carving it; instead, they created
2240:. These objects were discovered in a pit grave dating from the first half of the Initial Jōmon period (approx. 9,000 years ago) Japanese lacquering technology may have been invented by the Jōmon. They learned to refine
1856:
2463:, which was created in the Edo period, became popular for its showy style, inlaid with gold, silver, shellfish, ivory, coral, tortoise shell and ceramics, and reached its peak during this period. Lacquerware called
2736:(formerly Burma). It is straw-colored but turns black on exposure to air. When brushed in or coated on, it forms a hard glossy smooth surface resistant to a degree from the effects of exposure to moisture or heat.
737:
2332:, made annotations for A Record of Decoration with Lacquer, ... People of the Ming dynasty once recorded: “The decoration art with lacquer coated with gold originated (maki-e) from Japan". Yang in the reign of
2774:
brought back large numbers of skilled craftsmen into Burma. It is thought that the finer sort of
Burmese lacquerware, called Yun, was introduced during this period by imported artisans belonging to the Yun or
1724:
2602:
2517:
2942:
A decline in the number of visitors combined with the cost of resin, which has seen a 40-fold rise in 15 years, has led to the closure of over two-thirds of more than 200 lacquerware workshops in Bagan.
1402:
1160:
4608:
Kawai, K.; Nakagawa, M.; Kawai, K.; Liew, F. M.; Yasuno, H. (1991). "Hyposensitization to urushiol among
Japanese lacquer craftsmen: results of patch tests on students learning the art of lacquerware".
858:
1606:
2143:
first method and the second one was introduced during the Shilla period (668 A.D. – 935 A.D.). The Goryeo dynasty (918–1392), considered the golden period of this craft, was influenced by
Buddhism.
1438:
640:
30:
1922:
800:
3228:
were mixed with powdered minerals to create protective coatings and decorative designs. During this period, the process was almost always applied to dried gourds, especially to make the cups that
670:
2471:
and silver leaf, also became popular during this period. The government took an active interest in the art export market, promoting Japan's lacquers and other decorative arts at a succession of
336:
1742:
1621:
711:
451:
period (771–256 BC), lacquerware began appearing in large quantity. This is the earliest era from which notable quantities of lacquerware have survived, with states, later kingdoms, of
2803:
Lacquer vessels, boxes and trays have a coiled or woven bamboo-strip base often mixed with horsehair. The thitsee may be mixed with ashes or sawdust to form a putty-like substance called
2650:
2573:
1204:
1268:
695:
501:. Such techniques were time-consuming and costly, but these lacquerware were considered highly refined. It was also the period when the earliest practice of carving lacquerware began.
818:
1458:
554:
China during the 14th century. One of the earliest
Japanese techniques for decorating the lacquer surface was, besides painting simple designs, the gold and silver foil inlay of the
4236:
830:
1283:
422:
3869:
842:
4097:
Kawamura, Yayoi (Ed.), Namban Lacquer Remained in Spain. 400 Years After the. Keichô Embassy, Madrid, Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte y Japan Foundation, Pp. 85-106, Cd Versión
1180:
2364:. Japanese lacquerware attracted European aristocrats and missionaries from Europe, and western style chests and church furniture were exported in response to their requests.
1105:
2555:
2203:("watered", "profitable", "favored"), due speculatively to their value or shiny appearance, or perhaps the humidifying rooms used in production of lacquered wares. The term "
1766:
610:
2451:(1868-1912), Richly-decorated lacquerwares in original designs were popular domestically, and even more so with Western buyers during this period of European and American
1539:
870:
3174:) into thin layers, and then painting it and applying it to a wood, metal, clay or glass surface using heated stones. Historically, the technique was applied to wooden
1503:
1880:
1338:
1326:
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everyday utensils, it is today manufactured in large workshops mainly for tourists who come to see the ancient temples of Bagan. At the village of Kyaukka near
183:
1032:
463:
and for lacquerware to become a commercial industry. Because of this, Chu-state became famous for its lacquerware exports in the neighbouring states in the
3139:). It is used for wood finish, lacquerware, skin cosmetic, ornaments, dye for textiles, production of different grades of shellac for surface coating. The
1093:
2062:
1515:
1422:
907:
459:
producing the largest number of lacquerware. The state of Chu having the geographical advantage and warmer climates enabled dedicated mass cultivation of
204:
in Japan, 12600 years ago. The oldest lacquerware in the world, burial ornaments which were created in 7th millennium century B.C., were unearthed at the
1868:
1563:
1216:
966:
4571:
Kawai, K.; Nakagawa, M.; Kawai, K.; Miyakoshi, T.; Miyashita, K.; Asami, T. (1992). "Heat treatment of Japanese lacquerware renders it hypoallergenic".
1228:
3444:
2539:
2287:
sizes and shapes on top to polish them was developed in Japan. This made it possible to make the gold and silver of lacquerware brighter than before.
1133:
62:
countries have long traditions of lacquer work, going back several thousand years in the cases of China, Japan and Korea. The best known lacquer, an
2713:
1473:
3990:
Investigation and Conservation of East Asian Cabinets in Imperial Residences (1700-1900): Lacquerware & Porcelain. Conference 2013 Postprints
3896:
3029:
985:
4488:
3881:
2678:); it is quite distinct from the lacquerware found among the surrounding cultures. Nevertheless, Chinese and Japanese influences are present.
1062:
3893:
1656:
1145:
954:
522:(engraved gold) in which fine lines are incised, an adhesive of lacquer is applied, and gold foil or powder is pressed into the grooves; and
295:
1938:
3342:
2860:
are low tables for meals and may be simple broad based or have three curved feet in animal or floral designs with a lid. Water carafes or
2207:" in the 17th century is a term for the technique used by Europe to emulate Asian lacquer, derived from the then famous Japanese lacquer.
625:
2885:
1831:
1797:
1001:
427:
1256:
3993:. Griesser-Stermschegg, Martina., Trummer, Manfred., Schreiner, Manfred., Iby, Elfriede., Krist, Gabriela. Köln/Wien: Böhlau Verlag.
3245:
also had an influence on the style and motifs of colonial Mexican lacquerware. Today, workshops creating lacquerware are limited to
3064:
4682:
2032:
1314:
942:
3104:
2475:. Lacquer from Japanese workshops was recognised as technically superior to what could be produced anywhere else in the world.
2104:
518:) which involves building up layers comprising thinly-applied coats of lacquer and carving it into a three-dimensional design;
4333:
4067:
4033:
3998:
3785:
3648:
3320:
2336:
of the Ming dynasty made a trip to Japan to study Japanese techniques, and a Japanese visited a Chinese imperial workshop in
4421:
4110:
2020:
2008:
1712:
4391:
2301:
1192:
3220:), Mexican lacquer has independent origins from Asian lacquer. In the pre-Hispanic period, a substance from the larvae of
1017:
4294:
1996:
1350:
17:
4514:
4365:
4211:
4179:
4159:
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rulers generally described Japanese lacquerwares as " foreign lacquer " ( yangqi ). Yang Ming, and famous lacquer man
4524:
3757:
3729:
3704:
3557:
3532:
3507:
3476:
3004:
444:(ca. 1600–1046 BC) of China, sophisticated lacquer process techniques developed became a highly artistic craft.
2986:
388:
4702:
4516:
A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots
2627:
2483:
85:
are also ancient and originated independently. True lacquer is not made outside Asia, but some imitations, such as
3420:
4138:
3041:
4655:
4466:
2982:
2508:
508:(960–1279). Several existing decorative techniques gradually developed further after the 10th century, such as
411:
220:
period and objects. The early known lacquerware was thought to be a red wooden bowl, which was unearthed at a
73:
Other types of lacquers are processed from a variety of plants and insects. The traditions of lacquer work in
4561:
4551:
3775:
3017:
2077:
4755:
2978:
2116:
4458:
2348:, and this was reflected in many of the works produced in the Imperial workshops during his reign. In the
4750:
372:
2047:
4730:
2349:
2310:
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647:
617:
602:
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Museum display of lacquered furniture and furbishing. Lacquerware became a common luxury item from the
68:
1980:
898:
139:
3499:
3493:
3278:
2864:
with a cup doubling as a lid, and vases are also among lacquerware still in use in many monasteries.
2467:, which was created in the Edo period and characterized by regular patterns of finely cut seashells,
2176:
2939:
valley, however, sturdy lacquer utensils are still produced for everyday use mainly in plain black.
4237:"[Review:] Japonisme and the Rise of the Modern Art Movement: The Arts of the Meiji Period"
3643:. Translated by Zhu, Youruo; Song, Peiming. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. pp. 54–58.
3262:
2967:
2262:
1171:
306:
2631:
2436:
are known collectors of Japanese lacquerware and their collections are now often exhibited in the
259:
2971:
2832:
The most distinctive vessel is probably a rice bowl on a stem with a spired lid for monks called
2236:. Evidence for the earliest lacquerware was discovered at the Kakinoshima "B" Excavation Site in
2919:) are common too. Screens and small polygonal tables are also made for the tourist trade today.
4696:
3934:"Imports and Imitations: The Taste for Japanese Lacquer in Eighteenth-Century China and France"
2367:
2314:
4309:
2748:
dates back to the 13th century. Evidence for older lacquerware in Bagan remains inconclusive.
4690:
3809:
2787:
2497:, dating back to the 16th century, is characterized by use of the elm-like Japanese zelkova (
1449:
1413:
1393:
632:
343:
2812:
is a distinctive form in its use of gold leaf to fill in the designs on a black background.
4745:
3805:
3083:
3075:
from which craftsmen producing purely utilitarian or decorative pieces would also benefit.
2776:
2659:
2645:
2441:
2152:
543:
464:
403:
102:
3776:
Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences, ed. (1983).
2530:
2397:
216:, Japan. Various prehistoric lacquerwares have been unearthed in China dating back to the
8:
4648:
Splendors of Meiji: treasures of imperial Japan: masterpieces from the Khalili Collection
3189:
2479:
1247:
1152:
1080:
1039:
530:(filled-in) in which the lacquer is inlaid with lacquer of another color. A variation of
4679:
2503:欅), powdered earth, and delicate features formed from cloth. (See the Japanese article,
168:
4634:
4622:
4596:
4584:
3969:
3388:
3380:
3236:
3157:
3060:
in the 1930s and today is counted a national painting style with many famous painters.
3022:
2671:
2504:
2379:
2259:, between the 7th and 8th centuries, Chinese lacquer art forms were imported to Japan.
2157:
1956:
1344:
Chinese painted artwork on the lacquered basket of Lolang, a region of the Han dynasty.
564:
is a Chinese export type, so called because it was shipped to European markets via the
561:
285:
175:
4706:
4661:
4651:
4626:
4588:
4520:
4207:
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4039:
4029:
4004:
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3838:
3781:
3753:
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3700:
3644:
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3553:
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3503:
3472:
3392:
3316:
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504:
The art of inlaid gold, silver, and mother-of-pearl continued from the Tang into the
4726:
4600:
4399:
3673:
3265:
in Chiapas. The most popular modern lacquerware are small boxes, sometimes known as
2210:
The general characteristic of Japanese lacquerware is the widespread use of various
4638:
4618:
4580:
4272:
4025:
The Victoria and Albert Museum: a bibliography and exhibition chronology, 1852-1996
3945:
3525:
The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 B.C
3372:
3288:
2880:
2703:
2488:
2429:
2306:
1910:
565:
205:
4448:
Elements of Entomology (2007), Page 492, Dr. Rajendra Singh. Rastogi Publications.
4337:
3468:
3459:
4686:
4563:
Japanese Lacquer, 1600–1900: selections from the Charles A. Greenfield collection
4118:
3638:
3221:
3203:
3198:
A decorative lacquered gourd with gold details at a shop in Pátzcuaro, Michoacán.
3165:
2472:
2291:
2245:
1963:
1305:
Oval Lidded Cosmetic Box (Duoyuan He) with Scrolling Clouds, Animals, and Birds,
476:
468:
4427:
3419:. Hokkaido Prefectural Government, Hokkaido Tourism Organization. Archived from
2901:. Pedestal dishes or small trays with a stem with or without a lid are known as
2233:
2226:
201:
4426:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived from
3908:
3034:
2936:
2916:
2906:
2847:
2667:
2589:
2456:
2357:
2333:
1987:
1959:
1906:
1730:
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1643:
1379:
1290:
1008:
914:
586:
515:
377:
358:
279:
221:
149:
74:
49:
4720:
4711:
4077:
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3384:
3360:
2401:
2168:
558:(710–784). This technique was transmitted from China during the Tang dynasty.
89:
in Europe, or parallel techniques, are often loosely referred to a "lacquer."
4739:
4395:
4043:
4008:
3957:
3250:
3143:
text 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE devotes a chapter to 'lākshā' and its various uses.
2724:
2546:
2433:
2329:
2163:
1967:
1112:
1084:
849:
677:
441:
190:
157:
119:
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3933:
3241:
2405:
2361:
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2225:
Primitive lacquer was used in Japan as early as 12,600 BC, during the
2137:
2083:
2069:
2053:
2039:
1971:
1914:
1887:
1835:
1816:
1801:
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1687:
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1613:
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1465:
889:
728:
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392:
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322:
153:
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35:
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is a shallow dish with a lid and has a number of compartments for serving
3229:
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3124:
3116:
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2593:
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4093:"Traces of Japanese art in New Spain: screens, "enconchados" and maques"
2459:'s lacquer work was especially popular. In addition, lacquerware called
1332:
Lacquerware flanged drinking vessels and plates from the Mawangdui Tomb.
755:
Details on the Chu lacquerware box, depicting men wearing precursors to
247:
4059:
THIRTY GREAT INVENTIONS OF CHINA from millet agriculture to artemisinin
3346:
3131:
was used since ancient times. Shellac is the secretion of the lac bug (
3111:
is a traditional form of lacquerware from Sri Lanka which is made from
2911:
2763:
2751:
2583:
2393:
2385:
2172:
1760:
Covered box with dragon motif, Ming dynassty, Jiajing era, 1522-1566 AD
1582:
1389:
130:
78:
3747:
3694:
3246:
2691:
2507:. A more complete list of regional lacquer traditions is available in
66:-based lacquer common in East Asia, is obtained from the dried sap of
3283:
3225:
2563:
2468:
2452:
2353:
2204:
2123:
1662:
Black lacquer box with pearl inlays, late Yuan to early Ming dynasty.
992:
976:
480:
217:
86:
59:
4092:
3194:
3176:
2956:
2824:
product is a result of teamwork and not crafted by a single person.
2416:
743:
Openwork lacquered screen with animal designs, Warring States period
3552:(14th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 995.
3376:
3170:
2856:
2767:
2305:
A Japanese lacquerware produced and exported at the request of the
2249:
2237:
2188:
1929:
1631:, 14th century, with an inlaid mother-of-pearl decoration of a tree
472:
232:
213:
209:
82:
63:
3853:
Hokkaido's Minamikayabe Town, Kakinoshima site B (北海道の南茅部町の垣ノ島B遺跡)
2666:
Ryukyuan lacquerware is one of the chief artistic products of the
2414:
became popular as men's accessories, and wealthy merchants of the
351:
3254:
3168:. It is made by chewing the resin of the Andean mopa-mopa shrub (
3128:
3112:
3095:
3053:
2755:
2733:
2421:
2408:
of painting into lacquerware. From the middle of the Edo period,
2337:
1784:
Red Lacquer Wardrobes Inlaid with Various Treasures, Ming dynasty
1445:
1429:
1409:
1375:
852:), also known as "eared" or flanged cup (耳杯) from Warring States.
766:
45:
3498:(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
2611:
Writing-table, by Shirayama Shosai, Meiji period, 19th century,
2320:
Japanese lacquerware was abundantly exported to China where the
836:
Painted lacquer flat flask with coiled serpents, Warring States.
3884:, Mark Hudson, Asia-Pacific Magazine, No. 2 May 1996 pp. 47-48.
3216:
2932:
2842:
2820:
2816:
2792:
2771:
2655:
2499:
2437:
2212:
1891:
1597:
Pan in the Form of a Plum Blossom with Birds and Flowers, Late
1569:
Black lacquer on wood core with wickerwork panels, Song dynasty
876:
Lacquered winged cup from Warring States with geometric design.
781:
510:
109:
53:
4553:
East Asian lacquer: the Florence and Herbert Irving collection
3750:
East Asian lacquer: the Florence and Herbert Irving Collection
3697:
East Asian lacquer: the Florence and Herbert Irving Collection
2946:
1186:
Lacquer dressing case painted with dragon pattern, Han dynasty
4489:"Exhibit Explores Prized Functional Items in Spanish America"
3068:
2927:
2905:
for serving delicacies or offering flowers to royalty or the
2893:
are rectangular boxes for storing various articles including
2867:
Various round boxes with lids, small and large, are known as
2759:
2745:
2675:
1384:
864:
Lacquered flanged cup with cloud designs from Warring States.
757:
589:
dated to 4000–5000 BC, the oldest such piece ever found.
417:
4423:
Non-Wood Forest Products 4: Natural colourants and dyestuffs
4570:
4021:
3057:
2872:
2770:), and up the Taping and Shweli rivers in the direction of
2410:
2372:
2244:(poison oak sap) – the process taking several months.
2232:
Lacquer was used in Japan as early as 7000 BCE, during the
1830:
Black lacquered medicine cabinet with dragon patterns from
1139:
Lacquer flanged cups and dishes from Mawangdui, Han dynasty
762:
550:
the 8th century, and carved lacquerware came to Japan from
114:
2718:). The lacquer is the sap tapped from the varnish tree or
2428:
of high aesthetic value, precisely designed with lacquer.
3160:) is a lacquer-like varnish technique originating in the
2846:(pickled tea) with its various accompaniments. Stackable
4184:
3699:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 20–21.
2744:
The earliest fragments of lacquerware basketry found in
2340:
during the Ming dynasty. It is well documented that the
1815:
Detail of lacquer cabinet with dragon and cloud motifs,
1068:
Lacquer Wine-Cup Container and wine cup set, Han dynasty
475:, and providing some cultural cross-pollination between
1748:
Lacquer box with dragon motifs and inlays, Ming dynasty
4607:
4216:
3527:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 178.
3361:"Advances in Understanding Early Agriculture in Japan"
2377:
812:-jar with dragon-shaped handles, Warring States period
4650:. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Broughton International Inc.
3636:
2298:, a method of carving wood and then coating lacquer.
1557:
Black lacquered plum-blossom-shaped cup, Song dynasty
1357:
807:
785:
678:
4295:"Ancient History and Tradition of Bagan Lacquerware"
4253:
3752:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 23.
1718:
Octagonal food box with pommel scrolls, Ming dynasty
1494:
Lacquer mirror box with inlays for a Mirror, Tang -
2795:, is traditionally served in a lacquer tray called
1796:Lacquer cabinet with dragon and cloud motifs, from
1706:
Lacquer Box with pommel scroll design, Ming dynasty
1099:
Lacquered pottery flanged or eared cup, Han dynasty
3986:
3458:
2220:
1674:Lacquer Dish with garden scene, Early Ming dynasty
646:Painted Lacquered Wood Mandarin Duck-shaped Case,
189:Lacquered box with mother-of-pearl inlays, Korea,
4712:Bone, Flesh, Skin: the making of Japanese Lacquer
4566:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1980.
4556:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1991.
3865:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3780:. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. p. 211.
3748:Watt, James C. Y.; Ford, Barbara Brennan (1991).
3695:Watt, James C. Y.; Ford, Barbara Brennan (1991).
2491:provides a good example of regional lacquerware.
1479:Black lacquered mirror back with four phoenixes,
1293:of Prince of Nanyue (reconstruction), Han dynasty
4737:
4723:YouTube video by Dr.Kenji Toki at FabLabKamakura
4111:"Namban & Enconchado: Japan and Mexico Meet"
3882:Sannai Maruyama: A New View of Prehistoric Japan
3550:Gardner's Art Through The Ages: A Global History
3467:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p.
3358:
1464:Lacquered mirror with bronze and silver inlays,
4334:"A Path to Burmese Culture: The Art of Lacquer"
3897:Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History
2344:had a formidable interest in Japanese lacquer,
1612:Black lacquered box with painted figures, Late
1509:Bowl in shape of a flower blossom, Song dynasty
1111:Lacquered flanged cup, known as winged goblet (
1083:Lacquered flanged cup, known as winged goblet (
936:"Eared" or flanged cup (耳杯), Qin or Han dynasty
824:Lacquer box of phoenix pattern, Warring States.
467:, with literary references found in books like
407:Lacquer painting from the Northern Wei dynasty.
395:lacquer tray with the gold-engraving technique
4028:. James, Elizabeth, 1957-. London: Routledge.
3856:
3440:
3438:
3056:. It developed from the painters of the Hanoi
2897:or palm leaf manuscripts when they are called
1733:stem cup with the "Sword-Pommel Pattern", mid-
3724:. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 42.
3411:
3409:
3371:(S4). The University of Chicago Press: S334.
2711:
1874:Late Ming - Early Qing dynasty lacquered Case
1772:Carved red lacquer on wood core, Ming dynasty
960:Pig-shaped lacquered case, Qin or Han dynasty
4314:. Hutchinson University Library. p. 42.
3523:Bagley, Robert (1999). "Shang Archaeology".
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3315:. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 3.
3151:
2754:'s conquest and subjugation in 1555–1562 of
2482:has designated excellent lacquer artists as
1210:Lacquerware coffin of Mawangdui, Han dynasty
4336:. The British Museum/Fathom. Archived from
4307:
4292:
4164:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3573:倪仁杰; 汤云叶 (October 2011). "浅述战国楚地漆器工业造型艺术".
3435:
2985:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2947:Vietnamese lacquer painting and lacquerware
2266:Cosmetic box Design of wheels-in-stream in
1533:Box with Pommel Scroll design, Song dynasty
1521:Cup with Sword-Pommel Pattern, Song dynasty
1087:) or "eared cup"(耳杯) of Prince of Tianchang
4413:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4196:
3909:"AN IMPERIAL GOLD-LACQUERED INCENSE STAND"
3771:
3769:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3406:
2695:Burmese lacquerware – a private collection
1444:Painted lacquerware dish from the tomb of
1408:Painted lacquerware tray from the tomb of
1374:Painted lacquerware dish from the tomb of
1166:Lacquerware in the shape of a man's head,
200:The oldest lacquer tree found is from the
4144:
3938:Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies
3931:
3588:杜妍洁 (May 2019). "基于楚式髹漆工艺的现代文化创意产品设计研究".
3329:
3005:Learn how and when to remove this message
2782:
2098:Qing dynasty carved lacquer snuff bottle.
321:Tray with Flowering Plum and Birds, Late
56:and given further decorative treatments.
27:Objects decoratively covered with lacquer
4703:The Craft and Care of East Asian Lacquer
4487:Brown, Michael A.; Frick, Julie Wilson.
3822:
3743:
3741:
3193:
3103:
3040:
3028:
3016:
2786:
2690:
2649:
2366:
2300:
2261:
2187:(漆), source of the English hybrid word "
2156:
410:
402:
387:
371:
29:
4512:
4420:Green, C. L. (1995). "5: Insect Dyes".
4331:
4318:
4234:
3766:
3621:
3547:
3417:"Kakinoshima Jomon Archaeological Site"
2639:
2146:
1428:Black lacquered clogs from the tomb of
1222:Second coffin of Mawangdui, Han dynasty
1053:Lacquer dish with cloud-dragon design,
717:Lacquerware box from the Jingmen Tomb (
585:Red lacquer wood bowl from the Chinese
342:Incense Box with Pommel Scroll Design,
14:
4738:
4486:
4091:Moreno, Pilar Cabañas (January 2013).
4090:
3894:Carved lacquer and Lacquered sculpture
3803:
3799:
3797:
3778:Ancient China's technology and science
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3572:
3522:
3306:
3304:
3183:
2686:
2523:Tiered Stand with Designs Alluding to
2026:Lacquer table and chairs, Qing dynasty
1545:Lacquered Buddhist abbot, Song dynasty
1234:Third coffin of Mawangdui, Han dynasty
238:
44:are objects decoratively covered with
4645:
4419:
4392:"Burmese Lacquerware Loses Its Shine"
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4259:
4222:
4190:
4062:. : SPRINGER VERLAG, SINGAPOR. 2020.
3738:
2131:
1944:Lacquered Scripture Box, Qing dynasty
1646:box with the "Sword-Pommel Pattern",
1250:, about 100 BC – 25 AD
152:dish with dragon amid clouds, China,
4519:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 170.
4022:Victoria and Albert Museum. (1998).
3722:Lacquer: Technology and Conservation
3719:
3456:
3313:Lacquer: Technology and conservation
3310:
2983:adding citations to reliable sources
2950:
2819:tales, and the signs of the Burmese
2732:) that grows wild in the forests of
1962:with a courtly progress in lacquer,
1585:'s Family Instructions, Song dynasty
1262:Lacquerware pot from Mawangdui Tomb.
301:Drum with and Bird and Tiger Frame,
242:
4389:
3870:Jomon crafts and what they were for
3794:
3657:
3602:
3587:
3465:China: Ancient Culture, Modern Land
3301:
2352:(1568-1600) also made its way into
2270:lacquer and mother-of-pearl inlay,
948:Lacquered flask, Qin or Han dynasty
399:applied to it, 12th or 13th century
24:
4623:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01876.x
4585:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb03254.x
4544:
4398:, January 19, 2009. Archived from
4351:
3491:
3224:scale insects and/or oil from the
2654:Chest with a cartouche and carved
2613:Khalili Collection of Japanese Art
2567:Fusamune, Edo period, 18th century
2274:, 12th century (National Treasure)
2110:Carved lacquer chair, Qing dynasty
765:dress) and riding in a two-horsed
25:
4767:
4673:
3548:Kleiner, Fred S. (January 2012).
3359:Gary W. Crawford (October 2011).
2850:fastened with a single handle or
2779:people of the Chiang Mai region.
2681:
2068:Woven Bamboo Lacquer Fruit Case,
4368:. Art Only. 2006. Archived from
4366:"Burmese Lacquerware Collection"
4115:japan-and-mexico-meet.tumblr.com
3676:. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
3637:Hang, Jian; Guo, Qiuhui (2006).
3460:"The Beginnings of Settled Life"
2955:
2854:are usually plain red or black.
2619:
2601:
2572:
2554:
2538:
2516:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2076:
2061:
2046:
2031:
2019:
2014:Lacquer canopy bed, Qing dynasty
2007:
2002:Lacquer canopy bed, Qing dynasty
1995:
1979:
1949:
1937:
1921:
1909:cup with a poem composed by the
1899:
1879:
1867:
1855:
1850:Tray with dragons, Ming dynasty.
1843:
1823:
1808:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1636:
1620:
1605:
1590:
1581:Tablescreen with Calligraphy of
1574:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1487:
1472:
1457:
1437:
1421:
1401:
1367:
1349:
1337:
1325:
1313:
1298:
1282:
1267:
1255:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1170:(202 BC – 9 AD),
1159:
1144:
1132:
1127:Western Han dynasty lacquer bowl
1120:
1104:
1092:
1073:
1061:
1046:
1031:
1016:
1000:
984:
965:
953:
941:
929:
906:
897:
881:
869:
857:
841:
829:
817:
799:
773:
748:
736:
710:
694:
669:
654:
639:
624:
609:
594:
578:
350:
335:
314:
294:
246:
182:
167:
138:
101:
4699:Museum für Lackkunst in Germany
4506:
4480:
4451:
4442:
4383:
4301:
4286:
4265:
4228:
4139:Urushi once attracted the world
4132:
4103:
4084:
4050:
4015:
3980:
3925:
3901:
3887:
3875:
3847:
3713:
3688:
3596:
3581:
3566:
3232:nobility drank chocolate from.
2815:Palace scenes, scenes from the
2221:History and regional production
1320:Lacquered chest from Mawangdui.
174:Lacquered betel-tray, Vietnam,
34:Lacquerware collection, China,
3541:
3516:
3485:
3450:
3352:
2388:, late 18th–early 19th century
723:
718:
701:Lacquer box in shape of pigs,
423:lacquerware painting over wood
13:
1:
4697:Museum of Lacquer Art Münster
4235:Liddell, C. B. (2013-12-14).
3872:heritageofjapan.wordpress.com
3294:
3089:
2453:fascination with Japanese art
225:
3932:Kleutghen, Kristina (2017).
3806:"Chinese Carved Lacquerware"
2195:may be related to the words
616:Lacquer dou-vessel from the
92:
7:
4513:Roberts, Edward A. (2014).
4275:. die.net online dictionary
4273:"Melanorrhoea usitatissima"
3987:Bayerova, Tatjana. (2015).
3445:Kakinoshima Excavation Site
3272:
3146:
3052:is a painting technique in
2922:
2404:brought the designs of the
2378:
1358:
1198:Lacquered case, Han dynasty
1038:Inkstone and lacquer case,
808:
786:
679:
477:the southern culture of Chu
10:
4772:
4206:pp.60-61. Heibonsha, 2014
3674:"Lacquerware of East Asia"
3457:Fung, Christopher (1994).
3253:in the state of Guerrero,
3187:
3093:
3045:A lacquered folding screen
2739:
2658:showing an outdoor scene,
2643:
2549:, Edo period, 18th century
2150:
2135:
1382:, showing figures wearing
913:Lacquer box incised with "
663:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
648:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
618:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
603:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
571:
283:
277:
193:, mid to late 18th century
69:Toxicodendron vernicifluum
54:dusted with gold or silver
4332:Blurton, Richard (2002).
3640:Chinese arts & crafts
3279:Chinese lacquerware table
3152:Barniz de Pasto technique
2884:
2712:
2484:Living National Treasures
2161:Writing lacquer box with
1627:A lacquered table of the
975:lacquerware unearthed at
848:Lacquered winged goblet (
689:, Warring States period.
4727:Lacquerware of East Asia
3037:using Vietnamese lacquer
2827:
2706:, and the art is called
2628:Living National Treasure
2183:The term for lacquer is
1274:Lacquered cosmetic box,
1172:Yunnan Provincial Museum
307:Spring and Autumn period
229: 5th millennium BC
3720:Webb, Marianne (2000).
3495:China's Cultural Relics
3343:1万2千年前のウルシ木片 世界最古、福井で出土
3311:Webb, Marianne (2000).
3164:that is a specialty of
3079:innovative techniques.
2122:Lacquerware set by the
2038:Lacquered armor of the
4174:p.80. Heibonsha, 2014
4154:p.104. Me no Me, 2017
3607:. Beijing: 中国社会科学出版社.
3199:
3120:
3046:
3038:
3026:
2800:
2783:Manufacture and design
2696:
2663:
2561:Lacquered exterior of
2389:
2350:Azuchi-Momoyama period
2317:
2315:Kyushu National Museum
2311:Azuchi–Momoyama period
2275:
2246:Iron oxide (colcothar)
2180:
437:
436:period, 5th century AD
408:
400:
385:
38:
4691:Kyoto National Museum
4680:"Lacquerware Stories"
4372:on September 30, 2007
3950:10.1353/jem.2017.0013
3837:p.24. Me no Me, 2017
3810:Kyoto National Museum
3249:, Temalacatzingo and
3197:
3123:In India, the insect
3107:
3044:
3032:
3020:
2790:
2694:
2653:
2370:
2304:
2265:
2255:During the Asuka and
2160:
1932:-bottle, Qing dynasty
1450:Three Kingdoms period
1414:Three Kingdoms period
1394:Three Kingdoms period
1378:(182–249 AD) in
1246:Lidded cosmetic box,
991:Lacquerware box from
888:Lacquer phoenix cup,
633:Warring States period
414:
406:
391:
375:
344:Southern Song dynasty
52:. The lacquer can be
33:
4308:D.G.E. Hall (1960).
4293:Berengueres (2007).
3365:Current Anthropology
3180:, drinking vessels.
3065:Ecole des Beaux Arts
2979:improve this section
2791:Pickled tea, called
2730:Melanorrhoea usitata
2660:Ryukyuan lacquerware
2646:Ryukyuan lacquerware
2640:Ryukyuan lacquerware
2509:the Japanese article
2442:Palace of Versailles
2376:with Fox's Wedding (
2282:(794-1185), various
2164:Irises at Yatsuhashi
2153:Japanese lacquerware
2147:Japanese lacquerware
1862:Lacquer table-screen
415:Male figure wearing
4756:Japanese inventions
4646:Earle, Joe (1999).
4463:Spanish in Colombia
4193:, pp. 186–187.
3447:Hokkaido Government
3190:Mexican lacquerware
3184:Mexican lacquerware
3171:Elaeagia pastoensis
3067:was established in
2871:including ones for
2687:Burmese lacquerware
2545:Reading Stand with
2480:Japanese government
2191:". Etymologically,
1248:Western Han dynasty
1153:Western Han dynasty
1081:Western Han dynasty
1040:Western Han dynasty
486:At the time of the
479:and the culture of
239:Chinese lacquerware
18:Chinese lacquerware
4751:Chinese inventions
4685:2017-12-22 at the
4611:Contact Dermatitis
4573:Contact Dermatitis
4402:on August 11, 2010
3349:, November 6, 2011
3267:cajitas de Olinalá
3200:
3121:
3047:
3039:
3027:
2801:
2702:is lacquerware in
2697:
2672:Okinawa Prefecture
2664:
2390:
2380:Kitsune no yomeiri
2318:
2276:
2181:
2132:Korean lacquerware
1957:Coromandel lacquer
761:(i.e. traditional
661:Lacquered Shield,
562:Coromandel lacquer
546:with gold powder.
438:
409:
401:
386:
286:Coromandel lacquer
258:. You can help by
39:
4714:YouTube video by
4707:Denver Art Museum
4493:Denver Art Museum
4459:"Crafts of Pasto"
4430:on 12 August 2011
4225:, pp. 30–31.
4150:Masayuki Murata.
4141:urushi-joboji.com
4069:978-981-15-6525-0
4035:978-1-315-07424-5
4000:978-3-205-20192-2
3913:www.christies.com
3833:Masayuki Murata.
3787:978-0-8351-1001-3
3650:978-7-5085-0963-1
3322:978-0-7506-4412-9
3261:in Michoacán and
3162:Pre-Columbian era
3156:Barniz de Pasto (
3015:
3014:
3007:
2662:, circa 1750–1800
2630:Gonroku Matsuda,
2526:The Tale of Genji
2342:Yongzheng Emperor
2199:("beautiful") or
2177:National Treasure
1151:Lacquered table,
892:, Warring States.
731:(704–223 BC)
705:, Warring States.
685:on a toad stand,
631:Lacquerware box,
276:
275:
16:(Redirected from
4763:
4669:
4642:
4604:
4567:
4557:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4362:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4329:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4202:Yūji Yamashita.
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4170:Yūji Yamashita.
4168:
4162:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4117:. Archived from
4107:
4101:
4100:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3905:
3899:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3854:
3851:
3845:
3831:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3773:
3764:
3763:
3745:
3736:
3735:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3670:
3655:
3654:
3634:
3619:
3618:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3462:
3454:
3448:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3356:
3350:
3340:
3327:
3326:
3308:
3289:Lacquer painting
3010:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2959:
2951:
2889:; betel boxes).
2888:
2717:
2716:
2623:
2605:
2576:
2558:
2542:
2520:
2430:Marie Antoinette
2424:class collected
2383:
2360:) and Europe by
2313:, 16th century,
2307:Society of Jesus
2119:
2107:
2095:
2080:
2065:
2050:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1983:
1953:
1941:
1925:
1911:Qianlong Emperor
1903:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1827:
1812:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1640:
1624:
1609:
1594:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1491:
1476:
1461:
1441:
1425:
1405:
1371:
1361:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1302:
1286:
1271:
1259:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1163:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1108:
1096:
1077:
1065:
1050:
1035:
1020:
1004:
988:
979:, 2nd century BC
969:
957:
945:
933:
910:
901:
885:
873:
861:
845:
833:
821:
811:
806:Painted lacquer
803:
794:Warring States,
789:
777:
752:
740:
725:
720:
714:
698:
682:
673:
658:
643:
628:
613:
601:Coffin from the
598:
582:
566:Coromandel coast
431:
354:
339:
318:
298:
271:
268:
250:
243:
230:
227:
206:Kakinoshima site
186:
171:
142:
105:
21:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4736:
4735:
4721:Intro to Urushi
4687:Wayback Machine
4676:
4658:
4560:
4550:
4547:
4545:Further reading
4542:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4431:
4418:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4388:
4384:
4375:
4373:
4364:
4363:
4352:
4343:
4341:
4330:
4319:
4306:
4302:
4291:
4287:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4245:
4243:
4241:The Japan Times
4233:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4169:
4165:
4149:
4145:
4137:
4133:
4124:
4122:
4109:
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4089:
4085:
4070:
4056:
4055:
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4016:
4001:
3985:
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3930:
3926:
3917:
3915:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3868:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3658:
3651:
3635:
3622:
3615:
3601:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3492:Li, Li (2011).
3490:
3486:
3479:
3455:
3451:
3443:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3357:
3353:
3341:
3330:
3323:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3275:
3263:Chiapa de Corzo
3214:(from Japanese
3204:Mexican Spanish
3192:
3186:
3166:Pasto, Colombia
3154:
3149:
3133:Tachardia lacca
3102:
3094:Main articles:
3092:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2976:
2960:
2949:
2925:
2848:tiffin carriers
2830:
2785:
2742:
2689:
2684:
2648:
2642:
2635:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2521:
2358:Manila Galleons
2354:Colonial Mexico
2292:Kamakura period
2223:
2155:
2149:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2108:
2099:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2015:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1986:Carved lacquer
1984:
1975:
1964:mother of pearl
1954:
1945:
1942:
1933:
1928:Carved lacquer
1926:
1917:
1904:
1895:
1894:era (1662–1722)
1884:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1860:
1851:
1848:
1839:
1828:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1794:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1758:
1749:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1716:
1707:
1704:
1695:
1694:era (1403–1424)
1684:
1675:
1672:
1663:
1660:
1651:
1641:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1610:
1601:
1595:
1586:
1579:
1570:
1567:
1558:
1555:
1546:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1498:
1492:
1483:
1477:
1468:
1462:
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1442:
1433:
1426:
1417:
1406:
1397:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
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1321:
1318:
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1303:
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1272:
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1260:
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1244:
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1223:
1220:
1211:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1175:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1088:
1078:
1069:
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1057:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1005:
996:
989:
980:
970:
961:
958:
949:
946:
937:
934:
925:
911:
902:
893:
886:
877:
874:
865:
862:
853:
846:
837:
834:
825:
822:
813:
804:
795:
778:
769:
753:
744:
741:
732:
715:
706:
699:
690:
674:
665:
659:
650:
644:
635:
629:
620:
614:
605:
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590:
583:
574:
425:
370:
369:
368:
367:
366:
355:
347:
346:
340:
331:
330:
329:
319:
311:
310:
299:
288:
282:
272:
266:
263:
256:needs expansion
241:
228:
198:
197:
196:
195:
194:
187:
179:
178:
172:
163:
162:
161:
160:era (1573–1620)
143:
135:
134:
106:
95:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4734:
4733:
4724:
4718:
4709:
4700:
4694:
4675:
4674:External links
4672:
4671:
4670:
4656:
4643:
4605:
4568:
4558:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4525:
4505:
4479:
4450:
4441:
4412:
4382:
4350:
4317:
4300:
4285:
4264:
4262:, p. 187.
4252:
4227:
4215:
4212:978-4582922172
4195:
4183:
4180:978-4582922172
4163:
4160:978-4907211110
4143:
4131:
4102:
4083:
4068:
4049:
4034:
4014:
3999:
3979:
3944:(2): 175–206.
3924:
3900:
3886:
3874:
3855:
3846:
3843:978-4907211110
3821:
3793:
3786:
3765:
3758:
3737:
3730:
3712:
3705:
3687:
3656:
3649:
3620:
3614:978-7516104675
3613:
3595:
3580:
3565:
3558:
3540:
3533:
3515:
3508:
3484:
3477:
3449:
3434:
3423:on 7 July 2020
3405:
3385:10.1086/658369
3377:10.1086/658369
3351:
3328:
3321:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3188:Main article:
3185:
3182:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3137:Laccifer lacca
3091:
3088:
3035:folding screen
3023:Nguyễn dynasty
3013:
3012:
2995:September 2020
2963:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2924:
2921:
2829:
2826:
2784:
2781:
2741:
2738:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Southeast Asia
2680:
2668:Ryukyu Islands
2644:Main article:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2600:
2598:
2590:Shibata Zeshin
2578:
2571:
2569:
2560:
2553:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2535:
2533:, 17th century
2531:Hon'ami Kōetsu
2522:
2515:
2457:Shibata Zeshin
2398:Hon'ami Kōetsu
2222:
2219:
2151:Main article:
2148:
2145:
2136:Main article:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1990:, Qing dynasty
1985:
1978:
1976:
1960:folding screen
1955:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1907:Carved lacquer
1905:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1842:
1840:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1731:Carved lacquer
1729:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1644:Carved lacquer
1642:
1635:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1443:
1436:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1407:
1400:
1398:
1380:Anhui province
1373:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1245:
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1226:
1224:
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1214:
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1209:
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1200:
1197:
1190:
1188:
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1176:
1165:
1158:
1156:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:), Han dynasty
1110:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1023:Lacquer dish,
1022:
1015:
1013:
1006:
999:
997:
995:, Han dynasty.
990:
983:
981:
971:
964:
962:
959:
952:
950:
947:
940:
938:
935:
928:
926:
912:
905:
903:
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894:
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880:
878:
875:
868:
866:
863:
856:
854:
847:
840:
838:
835:
828:
826:
823:
816:
814:
805:
798:
796:
779:
772:
770:
754:
747:
745:
742:
735:
733:
724:Jīngmén chǔ mù
716:
709:
707:
700:
693:
691:
675:
668:
666:
660:
653:
651:
645:
638:
636:
630:
623:
621:
615:
608:
606:
600:
593:
591:
587:Hemudu culture
584:
577:
573:
570:
516:carved lacquer
378:Warring States
359:folding screen
356:
349:
348:
341:
334:
333:
332:
320:
313:
312:
300:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
280:Carved lacquer
274:
273:
253:
251:
240:
237:
222:Hemudu culture
188:
181:
180:
176:Nguyễn dynasty
173:
166:
165:
164:
150:carved lacquer
144:
137:
136:
107:
100:
99:
98:
97:
96:
94:
91:
75:Southeast Asia
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4768:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4732:
4729:essay at the
4728:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4528:
4526:9781493191130
4522:
4518:
4517:
4509:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4445:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4416:
4401:
4397:
4396:The Irrawaddy
4393:
4386:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4340:on 2007-04-04
4339:
4335:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4289:
4274:
4268:
4261:
4256:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4140:
4135:
4121:on 2021-04-16
4120:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
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3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3850:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3759:9780870996221
3755:
3751:
3744:
3742:
3733:
3731:9780750644129
3727:
3723:
3716:
3708:
3706:9780870996221
3702:
3698:
3691:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3559:9780840030597
3555:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3534:9780521470308
3530:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3509:9780521186568
3505:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3478:9780806126838
3474:
3470:
3466:
3461:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3324:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:Acapetlahuaya
3248:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3115:derived from
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3084:reunification
3080:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3021:Lacquerware,
3019:
3009:
3006:
2998:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2964:This section
2962:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2917:Brahminy duck
2914:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2778:
2777:Northern Thai
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2725:Gluta usitata
2721:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2547:Mount Yoshino
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2473:world's fairs
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:Maria Theresa
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2387:
2382:
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2375:
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2369:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
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2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
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2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2288:
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2273:
2269:
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2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2247:
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2239:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
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2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2125:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2086:Lacquered Box
2085:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2056:Lacquered Box
2055:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:tortoiseshell
1965:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1913:(1735–1796),
1912:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:Square dish,
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1799:
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1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1697:
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1689:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
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1649:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1615:
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1600:
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1584:
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1500:
1497:
1490:
1485:
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1467:
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1411:
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1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1362:, Han dynasty
1360:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1277:
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1265:
1258:
1253:
1249:
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1237:
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1114:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1056:
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1041:
1034:
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1026:
1019:
1014:
1011:, Han dynasty
1010:
1003:
998:
994:
987:
982:
978:
974:
968:
963:
956:
951:
944:
939:
932:
927:
924:
920:
916:
909:
904:
900:
895:
891:
884:
879:
872:
867:
860:
855:
851:
844:
839:
832:
827:
820:
815:
810:
802:
797:
793:
788:
784:
783:
776:
771:
768:
764:
760:
759:
751:
746:
739:
734:
730:
726:
713:
708:
704:
697:
692:
688:
684:
681:
672:
667:
664:
657:
652:
649:
642:
637:
634:
627:
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559:
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553:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:
507:
502:
500:
496:
491:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:lacquer trees
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
442:Shang dynasty
435:
429:
424:
420:
419:
413:
405:
398:
394:
390:
383:
379:
374:
364:
360:
353:
345:
338:
328:
324:
317:
308:
304:
297:
287:
281:
270:
261:
257:
254:This section
252:
249:
245:
244:
236:
234:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
192:
191:Joseon period
185:
177:
170:
159:
155:
151:
147:
141:
132:
128:
126:
121:
120:Tokugawa clan
117:
116:
112:
111:
104:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:
65:
61:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
19:
4716:Getty Museum
4647:
4617:(5): 290–5.
4614:
4610:
4579:(4): 244–9.
4576:
4572:
4562:
4552:
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4515:
4508:
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4428:the original
4422:
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4400:the original
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4370:the original
4342:. Retrieved
4338:the original
4310:
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4288:
4277:. Retrieved
4267:
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4240:
4230:
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4119:the original
4114:
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4096:
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4058:
4052:
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3982:
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3912:
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3804:Akio Haino.
3777:
3749:
3721:
3715:
3696:
3690:
3680:21 September
3678:. Retrieved
3639:
3604:
3603:桂俊荣 (2011).
3598:
3589:
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3518:
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3421:the original
3396:. Retrieved
3368:
3364:
3354:
3312:
3266:
3242:Nao de China
3240:
3234:
3230:Mesoamerican
3215:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3175:
3169:
3155:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3108:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3063:In 1924 the
3062:
3049:
3048:
3001:
2992:
2977:Please help
2965:
2941:
2926:
2910:
2902:
2899:sadaik titta
2898:
2894:
2890:
2876:
2868:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2750:
2743:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2665:
2632:Showa period
2608:
2594:Meiji period
2582:
2579:
2562:
2524:
2498:
2492:
2477:
2464:
2460:
2449:Meiji period
2446:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2406:Rinpa school
2391:
2371:
2362:Nanban trade
2345:
2319:
2296:Kamakurabori
2289:
2283:
2280:Heian period
2277:
2272:Heian period
2267:
2257:Nara periods
2254:
2241:
2234:Jōmon period
2231:
2227:Jōmon period
2224:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2182:
2162:
2141:
2138:Najeonchilgi
2084:Qing dynasty
2070:Qing dynasty
2054:Qing dynasty
2040:Dali Kingdom
1972:Qing dynasty
1915:Qing dynasty
1888:Qing dynasty
1836:Ming dynasty
1817:Ming dynasty
1802:Ming dynasty
1735:Ming dynasty
1688:Ming dynasty
1648:Yuan dynasty
1629:Yuan dynasty
1614:Song dynasty
1599:Song dynasty
1496:Song dynasty
1481:Tang dynasty
1466:Tang dynasty
1383:
1289:Lacquerware
1007:Lacquerware
890:state of Chu
792:State of Chu
780:
756:
729:State of Chu
722:
560:
552:Ming dynasty
548:
539:
538:is known as
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
509:
506:Song dynasty
503:
498:
495:Tang dynasty
492:
485:
465:Zhou kingdom
449:Eastern Zhou
446:
439:
434:Northern Wei
421:robes, from
416:
396:
393:Song dynasty
363:Qing dynasty
327:Ming dynasty
267:January 2022
264:
260:adding to it
255:
202:Jōmon period
199:
154:Ming dynasty
145:
124:
118:bottle with
113:
108:
67:
58:
41:
40:
36:Qing dynasty
4746:Lacquerware
4472:27 February
3605:楚漆器文化艺术特质研究
3427:13 November
3398:30 November
3141:Atharvaveda
3100:Lac (resin)
2852:hsun gyaink
2766:), Linzin (
2494:Wajima-nuri
2478:Today, the
2402:Ogata Kōrin
2169:Ogata Kōrin
1974:, 1750–1800
1650:(1279–1368)
1307:Han dynasty
1276:Han dynasty
1168:Western Han
1055:Han dynasty
1025:Han dynasty
973:Han dynasty
923:Qin dynasty
921:, from the
919:seal script
703:Chu kingdom
687:Chu kingdom
683:(羽人) figure
556:Nara period
488:Han dynasty
447:During the
440:During the
426: [
382:Han dynasty
365:, 1720–1730
42:Lacquerware
4740:Categories
4731:MET Museum
4657:1874780137
4467:MinCultura
4406:2009-03-19
4376:2007-03-31
4344:2007-03-31
4279:2007-03-31
4260:Earle 1999
4246:2020-03-19
4223:Earle 1999
4191:Earle 1999
4125:2021-01-19
4078:1227059965
3966:7308043513
3918:2021-01-19
3815:2007-08-16
3592:(796): 97.
3347:The Nikkei
3295:References
3235:After the
3090:South Asia
3082:After the
2862:yeidagaung
2764:Chiang Mai
2752:Bayinnaung
2420:class and
2394:Edo period
2386:Edo period
2173:Edo period
1970:and gold,
1583:Sima Guang
1390:Eastern Wu
1356:Lacquered
676:Lacquered
568:of India.
284:See also:
278:See also:
231:) site in
131:Edo period
79:South Asia
60:East Asian
4390:Kyi Wai.
4044:900484109
4009:960757571
3974:165251830
3958:1531-0485
3393:143756517
3284:Japanning
3259:Pátzcuaro
3226:chia seed
3202:Known in
3135:Kerr. or
3025:, Vietnam
2966:does not
2891:Yun titta
2838:Lahpet ok
2797:laphet ok
2762:, Zinme (
2714:ပန်းယွန်း
2586:Tagonoura
2564:wakizashi
2469:gold leaf
2461:Shibayama
2205:Japanning
2197:uruwashii
2124:Yi people
1832:Wanli era
1798:Wanli era
1174:, Kunming
993:Mawangdui
977:Mawangdui
790:-vessel,
727:) of the
481:Zhongyuan
357:Armorial
303:Chu-state
235:, China.
218:Neolithic
129:, Japan,
93:East Asia
87:Japanning
4683:Archived
4666:42476594
4601:12497249
3273:See also
3237:Conquest
3147:Americas
2937:Chindwin
2923:Industry
2886:ကွမ်းအစ်
2857:Daunglan
2810:Shwezawa
2768:Lan Xang
2440:and the
2330:Zhejiang
2250:cinnabar
2238:Hokkaido
2189:urushiol
1930:calabash
544:intaglio
532:diaotian
524:diaotian
520:qiangjin
473:Shangshu
469:Zhuangzi
397:qiangjin
325:- Early
233:Zhejiang
214:Hokkaido
210:Hakodate
127:(emblem)
83:Americas
81:and the
64:urushiol
4689:at the
4639:9841818
4631:1839723
4593:1451490
4498:22 July
4204:明治の細密工芸
4172:明治の細密工芸
3500:139–140
3255:Uruapan
3247:Olinalá
3129:shellac
3113:shellac
3096:Shellac
3054:Vietnam
3050:Sơn mài
2987:removed
2972:sources
2935:in the
2881:Burmese
2875:called
2834:hsun ok
2756:Manipur
2740:History
2734:Myanmar
2728:, syn.
2720:Thitsee
2708:Pan yun
2704:Burmese
2670:(today
2596:, 1872.
2447:In the
2422:samurai
2338:Beijing
2290:In the
2278:In the
1446:Zhu Ran
1430:Zhu Ran
1410:Zhu Ran
1376:Zhu Ran
767:chariot
572:Gallery
499:pingtuo
493:In the
380:to the
46:lacquer
4664:
4654:
4637:
4629:
4599:
4591:
4532:19 May
4523:
4434:3 July
4210:
4178:
4158:
4152:明治工芸入門
4076:
4066:
4042:
4032:
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3964:
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3835:明治工芸入門
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3531:
3506:
3475:
3391:
3383:
3319:
3217:maki-e
3109:Laksha
2933:Monywa
2912:hintha
2907:Buddha
2877:kun-it
2869:yun-it
2843:lahpet
2821:Zodiac
2817:Jataka
2793:lahpet
2772:Yunnan
2700:Yun-de
2656:relief
2634:, 1960
2609:Maki-e
2580:Maki-e
2500:keyaki
2489:Wajima
2465:Somada
2438:Louvre
2417:chōnin
2346:yangqi
2334:Xuande
2284:Maki-e
2268:maki-e
2242:urushi
2213:Maki-e
2193:urushi
2185:urushi
1892:Kangxi
1692:Yongle
1291:screen
1009:screen
782:Zhuque
540:moxian
536:tianqi
528:tianqi
511:diaoqi
146:Diaoqi
110:Maki-e
50:carved
4635:S2CID
4597:S2CID
4311:Burma
3970:S2CID
3389:S2CID
3381:JSTOR
3212:maque
3177:keros
3069:Hanoi
2928:Bagan
2903:kalat
2895:peisa
2828:Forms
2805:thayo
2760:Bhamo
2746:Bagan
2676:Japan
2588:, by
2529:, by
2201:uruoi
2167:, by
1686:Box,
1385:Hanfu
1113:zh:羽觞
1085:zh:羽觞
917:" in
915:Panyu
850:zh:羽觞
758:Hanfu
680:yuren
430:]
418:Hanfu
158:Wanli
4662:OCLC
4652:ISBN
4627:PMID
4589:PMID
4534:2017
4521:ISBN
4500:2014
4474:2017
4436:2014
4208:ISBN
4176:ISBN
4156:ISBN
4074:OCLC
4064:ISBN
4040:OCLC
4030:ISBN
4005:OCLC
3995:ISBN
3962:OCLC
3954:ISSN
3839:ISBN
3782:ISBN
3754:ISBN
3726:ISBN
3701:ISBN
3682:2011
3645:ISBN
3609:ISBN
3590:美与时代
3575:工业设计
3554:ISBN
3529:ISBN
3504:ISBN
3473:ISBN
3429:2022
3400:2020
3317:ISBN
3257:and
3208:laca
3098:and
3058:EBAI
2970:any
2968:cite
2873:paan
2584:Fuji
2432:and
2426:inro
2411:inro
2400:and
2392:The
2373:Inro
2326:Qing
2324:and
2322:Ming
2248:and
1988:ruyi
763:silk
719:荊門楚墓
471:and
455:and
323:Yuan
115:sake
4705:by
4619:doi
4581:doi
3946:doi
3373:doi
3222:aje
3210:or
3206:as
3127:or
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3117:Lac
2981:by
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