2670:
1250:
1145:
1262:
1469:
1463:
1238:
1539:
Shang predecessors in all media, often irregular in shape and size, and the structures and details often vary from one piece of writing to the next, and even within the same piece. Although most are not pictographs in function, the early
Western Zhou bronze inscriptions have been described as more pictographic in flavor than those of subsequent periods. During the Western Zhou, many graphs begin to show signs of simplification and linearization (the changing of rounded elements into squared ones, solid elements into short line segments, and thick, variable-width lines into thin ones of uniform width), with the result being a decrease in pictographic quality, as depicted in the chart below.
1483:
1226:
1313:
1543:
1743:
evolving in different directions in various regions, and this divergence was accelerated by both a lack of central political control as well as the spread of writing outside of the nobility. In the state of Qin, which was somewhat culturally isolated from the other states, and which was positioned on the old Zhou homeland, the script became more uniform and stylistically symmetrical, rather than changing much structurally. Change in the script was slow, so it remained more similar to the typical late
Western Zhou script as found on bronzes of that period and the
1971:
1278:
4518:
546:
33:
1489:
1450:
5168:
1687:鳥蟲書; see Bronze sword of King Gōujiàn to right); however, these were primarily decorative forms for inscriptions on bronzes and other items, and not scripts in daily use. Some bronzes of the period were incised in a rough, casual manner, with graph structures often differing somewhat from typical ones. It is thought that these reflected the popular (vulgar) writing of the time which coexisted with the formal script.
1727:
1504:
use of the vessel. These inscriptions, especially those late period examples identifying a name, are typically executed in a script of highly pictographic flavor, which preserves the formal, complex Shang writing as would have primarily been written on bamboo or wood books, as opposed to the concurrent simplified, linearized and more rectilinear form of writing as seen on the oracle bones.
1978:, showing their vertical slats bound with a horizontal string, is found on Shang and Zhou bronzes, as is the graph for the writing brush (see Qiú 2000, p.63, and Xǔ Yǎhuì, p.12). Historical references to use by the Shang of such books also exist, e.g., in the Duōshì chapter of the Shàngshū (Qiú pp.62–3)
1742:
In
Warring States period bronze inscriptions, trends from the late Spring and Autumn period continue, such as the use of artistically embellished scripts (e.g., Bird and Insect Scripts) on decorated bronze items. In daily writing, which was not embellished in this manner, the typical script continued
1538:
Western Zhou dynasty characters (as exemplified by bronze inscriptions of that time) basically continue from the Shang writing system; that is, early W. Zhou forms resemble Shang bronze forms (both such as clan names, and typical writing), without any clear or sudden distinction. They are, like their
1516:
was difficult to engrave, spurring significant simplification and conversion to rectilinearity. Furthermore, some of the characters on the Shang bronzes may have been more complex than normal due to particularly conservative usage in this ritual medium, or when recording identificational inscriptions
1507:
A few Shang inscriptions have been found which were brush-written on pottery, stone, jade or bone artifacts, and there are also some bone engravings on non-divination matters written in a complex, highly pictographic style; the structure and style of the bronze inscriptions is consistent with these.
1503:
These inscriptions are almost all cast (as opposed to engraved), and are relatively short and simple. Some were mainly to identify the name of a clan or other name, while typical inscriptions include the maker's clan name and the posthumous title of the ancestor who is commemorated by the making and
1738:
In the mid to late
Warring States period, the average length of inscriptions decreased greatly. Many, especially on weapons, recorded only the date, maker and so on, in contrast with earlier narrative contents. Beginning at this time, such inscriptions were typically engraved onto the already cast
1308:
books, which are believed to have been the main medium for writing in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The very narrow, vertical bamboo slats of these books were not suitable for writing wide characters, and so a number of graphs were rotated 90 degrees; this style then carried over to the Shang and
1550:
Some flexibility in orientation of graphs (rotation and reversibility) continues in the
Western Zhou, but this becomes increasingly scarce throughout the Zhou dynasty. The graphs start to become slightly more uniform in structure, size and arrangement by the time of the third Zhou sovereign,
1751:
period that popular (aka common or vulgar) writing gained momentum in Qin, and even then, the vulgar forms remained somewhat similar to traditional forms, changing primarily in terms of becoming more rectilinear. Traditional forms in Qin remained in use as well, so that two forms of writing
1702:, mostly cast in bronze, and minted bronze coins from this period are also numerous. These form an additional, valuable resource for the study of Chinese bronze inscriptions. It is also from this period that the first surviving bamboo and silk manuscripts have been uncovered.
1169:
as well. However, there are great differences between the highly pictorial Shang emblem (aka "identificational") characters on bronzes (see "ox" clan insignia above), typical Shang bronze graphs, writing on bronzes from the middle of the Zhou dynasty, and that on late Zhou to
1662:
By the mid to late Spring and Autumn period, artistic derivative scripts with vertically elongated forms appeared on bronzes, especially in the eastern and southern states, and remained in use into the
Warring States period (see detail of inscription from the Warring States
1446:, the structures and orientations of individual graphs varied greatly in the Shang bronze inscriptions, such that one may find a particular character written differently each time rather than in a standardized way (see the many examples of "tiger" graph to the lower left).
1301:. The inscriptions tend to grow in length over time, from only one to six or so characters for the earlier Shang examples, to forty or so characters in the longest, late-Shang case, and frequently a hundred or more on Zhou bronzes, with the longest up to around 500.
1787:
Meanwhile, in the eastern states, vulgar forms had become popular sooner; they also differed more radically from and more completely displaced the traditional forms. These eastern scripts, which also varied somewhat by state or region, were later misunderstood by
1128:(that is, the writing was done with a stylus in the wet clay of the piece-mold from which the bronze was then cast), while later inscriptions were often engraved after the bronze was cast. The bronze inscriptions are one of the earliest scripts in the
1647:, many graphs are fully linearized, as seen in the chart above; additionally, curved lines are straightened, and disconnected lines are often connected, with the result of greater convenience in writing, but a marked decrease in pictographic quality.
1650:
In the
Eastern Zhou, the various states initially continued using the same forms as in the late Western Zhou. However, regional forms then began to diverge stylistically as early as the Spring and Autumn period, with the forms in the
1511:
The soft clay of the piece-molds used to produce the Shang to early Zhou bronzes was suitable for preserving most of the complexity of the brush-written characters on such books and other media, whereas the hard, bony surface of the
1441:
bronzes are of a fairly uniform style, making it possible to discuss a "Shang bronze script", although great differences still exist between typical characters and certain instances of clan names or emblems. Like early period
1164:
inscriptions. As a result, it is common to refer to the variety of scripts of this period as "bronze script", even though there is no single such script. The term usually includes bronze inscriptions of the preceding
2338:秦系文字研究：从漢字史的角度考察 (Research on the Qin Lineage of Writing: An Examination from the Perspective of the History of Chinese Writing). Taipei: Academia Sinica, Institute of History and Philology Monograph.
1987:
Qiú 2000, p.69; p.65 footnote 5 also mentions that highly pictographic clan emblems and other identificational forms are still found in the Zhou period, especially the beginning of the W. Zhou.
1582:
were both in use. It thus became necessary to distinguish between the two, as well as any earlier script forms which were still accessible in the form of books and inscriptions, so the terms "
1297:
artifacts extant today, about 12,000 have inscriptions. These have been periodically unearthed ever since their creation, and have been systematically collected and studied since at least the
1460:
As in the oracle bone script, characters could be written facing left or right, turned 90 degrees, and sometimes even flipped vertically, generally with no change in meaning. For instance,
1659:
and minted coins, both probably primarily of bronze, were already in use, according to traditional documents, but none of the extant seals have yet been indisputably dated to that period.
1249:
1768:). Meanwhile, the Qin vulgar writing evolved into early clerical (or proto-clerical) in the late Warring States to Qin dynasty period, which would then evolve further into the
2367:. Early China Special Monograph Series No. 4. Berkeley: The Society for the Study of Early China and the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.
3396:
1887:
dating to the start of the Zhou dynasty (Qiú 2000, pp.68–9), as well as the Shĭ Zhoù Piān (史籀篇) compendium of ca. 800 BC, a tiny fraction of which has been preserved as the
1289:
ritual container c. 1000 BC. An inscription of 180 characters appears twice on it, commenting on state rituals that accompany court ceremony, recorded by an official scribe.
1190:
and the eastern regions, for instance, were strikingly divergent. In addition, artistic scripts also emerged in the late Spring and Autumn to early
Warring States, such as
3941:
1968:
The main writing medium of the time is believed to have been the writing brush and bamboo or wood books; although they have not survived, the character for such books,
1304:
In general, characters on ancient
Chinese bronze inscriptions were arranged in vertical columns, written top to bottom, in a fashion thought to have been influenced by
3903:
1521:
script, similar to but sometimes even more complex than the unattested daily Shang script on bamboo and wood books and other media, yet far more complex than the
865:
4643:
3425:
797:
1739:
bronzes, rather than being written into the wet clay of piece-molds as had been the earlier practice. The engraving was often roughly and hastily executed.
1071:
1996:
Although popularly associated only with the Han dynasty, clerical actually remained in use alongside cursive, neo-clerical and semi-cursive scripts until
4450:
4440:
5985:
5469:
4445:
4204:
3752:
6415:
6405:
5980:
4359:
1760:
during that period, without any clear dividing line (it is not the case, as is commonly believed, that small seal script was a sudden invention by
1421:
Of the 12,000 inscribed bronzes extant today, roughly 3,000 date from the Shang dynasty, 6,000 from the Zhou dynasty, and the final 3,000 from the
6395:
6385:
5975:
5970:
5965:
2902:
1517:(clan or personal names); some scholars instead attribute this to purely decorative considerations. Shang bronze script may thus be considered a
1261:
8111:
6400:
853:
808:
2566:
1032:
789:
5544:
4526:
3764:
1671:, scripts which embellished basic structures with decorative forms such as birds or worms also appeared. These are known as Bird Script (
5276:
3153:
8143:
5202:
1818:
3 (the
Tertiary Ideographic Plane, or TIP); however, no codepoints have yet been allocated or officially proposed for it (unlike the
1237:
3728:
3716:
1914:
Bronze inscriptions also exist for the periods preceding and following this; but the bulk of earlier (Shang dynasty) writing is in
1064:
3740:
3232:
4824:
7333:
1225:
9213:
5462:
4063:
1182:, the writing in each region gradually evolved in different directions, such that the script styles in the Warring States of
7782:
4874:
1144:
816:
7219:
5531:
5291:
4716:
2895:
1057:
5755:
1705:
In the early Warring States period, typical bronze inscriptions were similar in content and length to those in the late
8981:
8967:
8937:
8076:
5436:
2443:
2414:
2372:
2343:
1468:
1462:
1285:
ritual wine container, c. 1000 BC. The inscription commemorates a gift of cowrie shells to its owner. Right: Bronze
9199:
7916:
7313:
5455:
2559:
945:
905:
708:
5760:
7639:
6900:
4796:
2788:
2470:
9206:
7772:
7411:
3503:
3146:
2888:
2540:[Lexicon of Pre-Qin Oracle, Bronze Inscriptions and Bamboo Scripts]. Computing Center, Academia Sinica.
376:
242:
172:
1482:
737:
9325:
9320:
7881:
7406:
6464:
5385:
5195:
5112:
4566:
256:
6743:
9192:
9171:
6459:
6234:
5750:
5526:
5286:
5171:
5082:
4606:
1713:. One of the most famous sets of bronzes ever discovered dates to the early Warring States: a large set of
1107:
715:
9072:
9051:
7731:
7726:
7323:
5845:
5536:
5087:
4884:
4541:
2552:
9139:
7736:
7303:
6716:
5777:
5220:
5129:
5102:
4979:
4891:
4638:
4618:
3110:
3048:
2862:
1720:
1664:
1045:
938:
732:
692:
654:
602:
6469:
5787:
7389:
7111:
6664:
6251:
5431:
4681:
3379:
3139:
2364:
1781:
1312:
1129:
720:
557:
545:
511:
1542:
8889:
8875:
8180:
6763:
6566:
5782:
5188:
5055:
5040:
5030:
4744:
1956:
1902:
1723:, unearthed in 1978. The total length of the inscriptions on this set was almost 2,800 characters.
1710:
1644:
1556:
1496:侯 "marquis". This was true of normal as well as extra complex identificational graphs, such as the
1179:
8494:
5910:
9178:
8206:
7163:
6840:
6819:
6699:
6679:
6511:
6182:
6086:
5563:
5521:
5478:
5344:
5324:
5301:
5270:
5244:
5067:
3306:
1919:
5060:
4909:
7896:
6835:
6825:
6758:
6268:
5701:
5001:
4844:
3442:
2575:
1100:
875:
860:
776:
404:
200:
2433:
9280:
9185:
8974:
8923:
8383:
8305:
8069:
8008:
7993:
7562:
7441:
7183:
7143:
6875:
6551:
5735:
5723:
5696:
5681:
4996:
4919:
4633:
4611:
3366:
3199:
2998:
2986:
2911:
2402:
1699:
1680:
1294:
1203:
1191:
848:
677:
639:
594:
7988:
7193:
9044:
8795:
8472:
7968:
7623:
7587:
6992:
6915:
6748:
6496:
6486:
6325:
6308:
5624:
5281:
4764:
4732:
4561:
3686:
3181:
2708:
497:
8:
7871:
7767:
7489:
7012:
5718:
5008:
4974:
4809:
4776:
4623:
4551:
4468:
4309:
4304:
4058:
3868:
3374:
3036:
1840:
1009:
1004:
659:
6034:
2000:
the Wei-Jin period, when the modern standard script became dominant; see Qiu 2000, p.113
9030:
9007:
8641:
8530:
8520:
8412:
8355:
8341:
8298:
8003:
7886:
7721:
7613:
7572:
7526:
7521:
7416:
7398:
7066:
6997:
6962:
6910:
6723:
6711:
6122:
6044:
5945:
5500:
5390:
5239:
5124:
4991:
4954:
4839:
4737:
4671:
4666:
4556:
4546:
4172:
4150:
4043:
3851:
3846:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3245:
2926:
2461:
1915:
1898:
1845:
1826:
scripts, which both have ranges of codepoints tentatively blocked out within the TIP).
1823:
1623:
1615:
1522:
1443:
1133:
611:
537:
428:
420:
224:
216:
8263:
7921:
1970:
9153:
9146:
8882:
8868:
8780:
8669:
8579:
8558:
8537:
8465:
8397:
8256:
8214:
8166:
7901:
7891:
7536:
7531:
7436:
7431:
7338:
7293:
7116:
7096:
7086:
7076:
7071:
7007:
7002:
6930:
6865:
6850:
6800:
6795:
6738:
6674:
6632:
6474:
6360:
6283:
5799:
5794:
5671:
5035:
5025:
4904:
4869:
4724:
4676:
4628:
4395:
4248:
4182:
4038:
4023:
3694:
3671:
3625:
3550:
3476:
3356:
3324:
3278:
3217:
3207:
3172:
2974:
2962:
2534:
2439:
2410:
2368:
2339:
1583:
1563:
1552:
1500:虎 "tiger" clan emblem at right, which was turned 90 degrees clockwise on its bronze.
669:
634:
629:
360:
352:
156:
148:
9287:
9225:
9118:
9079:
9065:
9023:
8898:
8844:
8825:
8759:
8751:
8737:
8730:
8655:
8451:
8426:
8362:
8334:
8249:
8235:
8152:
8125:
8062:
7973:
7876:
7698:
7541:
7168:
7148:
7138:
7133:
7017:
6773:
6706:
6694:
6659:
6654:
6637:
6576:
6541:
6501:
6303:
6298:
6246:
6197:
6081:
6015:
5955:
5905:
5850:
5767:
5745:
5730:
5676:
5666:
5600:
5415:
5254:
5141:
4661:
4536:
4400:
4390:
4375:
4321:
4243:
4194:
4155:
4104:
4018:
3970:
3954:
3834:
3794:
3789:
3676:
3630:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3555:
3384:
3329:
3314:
3190:
3162:
3080:
1477:
1124:(11th–3rd century BC) and even later. Early bronze inscriptions were almost always
287:
83:
52:
9125:
8320:
7946:
7597:
6967:
2438:(2nd ed.), Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: Harvard University Asia Center,
1277:
971:
9111:
8803:
8744:
8690:
8683:
8662:
8648:
8632:
8610:
8565:
8458:
8433:
8405:
8390:
8313:
8291:
8284:
8242:
8202:
8173:
7861:
7831:
7654:
7577:
7343:
7273:
7178:
7126:
7106:
7042:
7032:
7022:
6987:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6855:
6810:
6805:
6689:
6684:
6531:
6521:
6375:
6340:
6335:
6315:
6209:
6167:
6107:
5990:
5960:
5870:
5830:
5772:
5706:
5686:
5634:
5617:
5605:
5092:
5072:
4969:
4929:
4914:
4653:
4503:
4493:
4473:
4430:
4425:
4291:
4255:
4238:
4228:
4167:
3985:
3921:
3863:
3811:
3806:
3708:
3604:
3599:
3508:
3455:
3450:
3430:
3415:
3410:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3319:
3291:
3263:
3240:
3012:
2812:
2748:
2716:
2604:
1855:
1835:
1815:
1769:
1747:
compendium of ca. 800 BC. As a result, it was not until around the middle of the
1579:
1096:
826:
649:
567:
338:
134:
7308:
6491:
2516:
1798:, who thought they predated the Warring States Qin forms, and thus labeled them
897:
9248:
9132:
9016:
8996:
8905:
8773:
8704:
8603:
8551:
8544:
8376:
8369:
8348:
8327:
8228:
8221:
8028:
7983:
7911:
7906:
7757:
7741:
7716:
7659:
7649:
7644:
7484:
7358:
7318:
7288:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7198:
7173:
7121:
7061:
7027:
6977:
6925:
6890:
6845:
6815:
6768:
6728:
6627:
6581:
6536:
6454:
6390:
6345:
6330:
6293:
6273:
6241:
6229:
6177:
6172:
6162:
6152:
6147:
6064:
6049:
6039:
6005:
5995:
5940:
5925:
5890:
5740:
5644:
5592:
5482:
5354:
5339:
5211:
5146:
5136:
5107:
5097:
4814:
4786:
4498:
4483:
4385:
4336:
4331:
4316:
4260:
4199:
4081:
4053:
4033:
3980:
3949:
3926:
3916:
3911:
3873:
3856:
3801:
3666:
3648:
3566:
3540:
3481:
3401:
3389:
3341:
3296:
3286:
3212:
3024:
2857:
2804:
2796:
2614:
2378:
1748:
1695:
1668:
1656:
1157:
996:
758:
687:
664:
322:
118:
7458:
4517:
582:
9314:
9255:
9104:
9037:
8960:
8930:
8788:
8766:
8697:
8593:
8572:
8419:
8277:
8195:
8188:
8159:
8118:
8033:
8023:
8018:
7805:
7499:
7158:
7101:
6753:
6526:
6410:
6365:
6320:
6288:
6137:
6054:
6027:
6000:
5930:
5915:
5900:
5855:
5612:
5380:
4947:
4759:
4754:
4326:
4270:
4265:
4233:
4220:
4096:
4048:
3975:
3931:
3821:
3658:
3581:
3420:
3268:
3255:
2868:
2820:
2772:
2756:
2594:
1893:
1794:
1456:虎 "tiger" from bronze inscriptions (in green), compared to other script forms
1438:
1166:
1160:
period, the bulk of writing which has been unearthed has been in the form of
1117:
1112:
6074:
2353:
Deydier, Christian (1980). Chinese Bronzes. New York: Rizzoli NK7904.D49, SA
8711:
8676:
8617:
8104:
7866:
7762:
7675:
7567:
7468:
7278:
7091:
7056:
7037:
6972:
6860:
6622:
6546:
6355:
6350:
6261:
6256:
6192:
6132:
6112:
6069:
6059:
6010:
5895:
5875:
5865:
5713:
5691:
5649:
5447:
5410:
4819:
4769:
4145:
4028:
4001:
3545:
3535:
2740:
2732:
2669:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2599:
1884:
1860:
1753:
1706:
1640:
1513:
1298:
1153:
1121:
725:
294:
90:
6920:
2490:
9294:
9058:
8989:
8270:
7961:
7821:
7582:
7426:
7283:
7188:
6957:
6885:
6870:
6778:
6571:
6481:
6380:
6370:
6224:
6187:
6142:
6127:
6102:
6022:
5950:
5935:
5639:
4964:
4938:
4834:
4804:
4781:
4749:
4488:
4478:
4282:
4177:
4162:
4125:
4073:
3894:
3885:
3781:
3620:
3495:
3222:
2950:
2764:
2644:
2624:
2609:
2544:
2498:
1850:
1819:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1744:
1652:
1607:
1575:
1571:
1426:
1422:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
624:
2880:
2320:
881:
32:
7951:
7926:
7494:
6937:
6427:
6422:
6278:
6219:
5860:
5395:
4380:
4354:
4120:
4086:
3591:
3518:
2700:
2692:
2684:
2659:
2424:商周金文 (Shang and Zhou bronze inscriptions). Beijing: Wenwu Publishing. (
1810:
It has been anticipated that bronze script will some day be encoded in
1667:
below left). In the same areas, in the late Spring and Autumn to early
924:
749:
742:
2474:
1214:
9262:
9241:
9234:
8013:
7850:
7546:
7513:
7348:
7239:
6788:
6516:
6432:
6157:
5364:
5359:
5349:
4829:
4580:
4571:
4299:
4189:
3841:
3829:
3640:
3471:
2589:
2356:
1715:
1570:) to refer to the script of this period. This term dates back to the
369:
165:
7956:
1449:
7978:
7941:
7936:
7816:
7777:
7618:
7377:
7262:
7153:
6895:
6783:
6733:
6604:
6117:
5920:
5880:
5661:
5654:
5505:
5334:
5329:
5319:
5249:
5234:
5119:
4705:
4346:
3527:
3131:
3098:
3064:
2828:
1488:
1024:
985:
978:
682:
474:
460:
390:
308:
186:
104:
7998:
5180:
5151:
1752:
coexisted. The traditional forms in Qin evolved slowly during the
1019:
8085:
7592:
7463:
7353:
7328:
7214:
7051:
6905:
6880:
6649:
6556:
6204:
5818:
5629:
5314:
5018:
4698:
4585:
4414:
4010:
2780:
2409:. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford.
1811:
1789:
1777:
1125:
1879:
There are also extremely small numbers of inscriptions from the
9086:
6830:
6642:
6561:
6506:
6214:
5885:
5400:
5077:
4879:
2852:
2724:
2491:"Словарь древнекитайских иероглифов 金文 (по надписям на бронзе)"
1316:
Examples of bronze inscription graphs rotated 270°: From left:
1305:
1161:
914:
1734:
bells from the early Warring States Tomb of Marquis Yĭ of Zēng
1614:
inscriptions on both late W. Zhou bronze inscriptions and the
7453:
7448:
7298:
7081:
6982:
6669:
5580:
5309:
4590:
1923:
1761:
577:
572:
446:
1726:
1178:
and subsequent period bronzes. Furthermore, starting in the
7931:
7826:
5405:
1626:) predating small seal, the term is best avoided entirely.
1598:) came into being. However, since the term "large seal" is
964:
3072:
2654:
2407:
Sources of Western Zhou History: Inscribed Bronze Vessels
1148:
Highly pictorial Shang clan emblem character (牛 niú "ox")
425:
409:
395:
381:
221:
205:
191:
177:
16:
Writing in a variety of Chinese scripts on ritual bronzes
2508:
Complete collection of Yin and Zhou bronze inscriptions
2221:
Qiú 2000, p.80 notes that some were also silver or jade
1413:
horse tiger swine dog elephant turtle {to lead} illness
516:
502:
357:
343:
327:
313:
299:
153:
139:
123:
109:
95:
2526:
Recently discovered Yin and Zhou bronze inscriptions
1792:, author of the Han dynasty etymological dictionary
2336:
Qinxi wenzi yanjiu: cong hanzi-shi de jiaodu kaocha
1546:
Linearization of characters during the Western Zhou
2280:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2238:
2236:
2127:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2094:
2092:
2090:
9312:
2044:
2042:
1756:, gradually becoming what is now called (small)
2530:(inscriptions discovered between 1985 and 1999)
1220:in four different scripts on Shang–Zhou bronzes
2275:
2263:
2233:
2122:
2110:
2087:
2032:
2030:
479:
465:
451:
8070:
5463:
5196:
3147:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3083:
3051:
3039:
3027:
3015:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2896:
2560:
2535:"Xiānqín jiǎgǔ jīnwén jiǎndú cíhuì zīliàokù"
2039:
1918:, while later writings are also available on
1065:
261:
247:
57:
5477:
4946:
1528:
1432:
2462:"Inscriptional records of the Western Zhou"
2399:. London and Beijing: Sidgwick and Jackson.
2027:
1655:remaining more conservative. At this time,
8077:
8063:
5470:
5456:
5203:
5189:
5167:
4937:
3154:
3140:
2903:
2889:
2574:
2567:
2553:
2321:The Unicode Consortium, Roadmap to the TIP
1072:
1058:
2910:
2431:
1309:Zhou oracle bones and bronzes. Examples:
1955:bell cast by Shū Gōng (叔弓 (sic)) in the
1725:
1690:
1541:
1448:
1311:
1276:
1143:
5275:Languages by writing system /
4862:
2488:
2468:
1721:tomb of Marquis Yĭ of the state of Zēng
9313:
2385:. London: British Museum Publications.
427:
359:
223:
155:
9214:American Printing House for the Blind
8990:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
8642:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
8058:
7848:
7803:
7696:
7375:
7260:
6602:
5816:
5578:
5561:
5451:
5184:
3135:
2884:
2548:
2512:(inscriptions discovered before 1985)
1562:Some have used the problematic term "
7697:
3161:
1805:
1634:
1472:both represent the modern character
1272:
817:Standard Form of National Characters
8084:
5210:
2459:
2363:. Translated by Gilbert Mattos and
1922:, silk books, and stone monuments (
1559:, this trend becomes more obvious.
13:
7804:
5282:Ancient languages corpuses by size
2383:Ancient China: Art and Archaeology
1606:(籀文) examples from the ca. 800 BC
14:
9337:
2471:"金文 Dictionary (Chinese-Russian)"
2453:
1255:Bird Script, early Warring States
1198:), also called Bird Seal Script (
5166:
4644:Literary and colloquial readings
4516:
2668:
1969:
1935:Qiú 2000, p.68 cites 291 on the
1523:Shang script on the oracle bones
1487:
1481:
1467:
1461:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
906:Literary and colloquial readings
544:
31:
7849:
2390:Chinese Bronzes: Art and Ritual
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2254:
2245:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2101:
2078:
1990:
1981:
1962:
1629:
1533:
1410:mǎ hǔ shǐ quǎn xiàng guī wèi jí
1087:, also commonly referred to as
426:
410:
396:
382:
222:
206:
192:
178:
5543:Languages by writing system /
3114:
3102:
3090:
3084:
3052:
3040:
3028:
3016:
3002:
2990:
2930:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2018:
1929:
1908:
1873:
1139:
1095:, are writing in a variety of
809:Nan Min Recommended Characters
517:
503:
358:
344:
328:
314:
300:
262:
248:
154:
140:
124:
110:
96:
58:
1:
8982:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
8938:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
7376:
7261:
6603:
2397:The Chinese Bronzes of Yunnan
2311:Qiú 2000, p.78, 104 & 107
2007:
9193:National Braille Association
9172:Braille Institute of America
8890:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
5817:
5287:Undeciphered writing systems
5172:List of varieties of Chinese
2432:Wilkinson, Endymion (2000),
1926:) in significant quantities.
1116:tripodal cauldrons from the
7:
9073:Refreshable braille display
9052:Optical braille recognition
8649:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
8181:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
7324:New Epoch Notation Painting
5292:Creators of writing systems
3073:Derived from regular script
2848:Chinese bronze inscriptions
2518:Jìnchū Yīn-Zhōu jīnwén jílù
1829:
1802:(古文), or "ancient script".
1399:
1388:
1377:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1333:
1322:
1120:(2nd millennium BC) to the
1085:Chinese bronze inscriptions
801:(Hong Kong, 2007)
790:General Standard Characters
22:Chinese bronze inscriptions
10:
9342:
9140:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
5579:
5221:Index of language articles
5130:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
2863:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
2260:Qiú 2000, p.79-80 & 93
1951:(毛公鼎), and 493 on a large
1665:Tomb of Marquis Yĭ of Zēng
1046:Transliteration of Chinese
603:Neolithic symbols in China
9272:
9223:
9163:
9096:
9006:
8952:
8915:
8876:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
8855:
8836:
8817:
8722:
8628:
8589:
8516:
8443:
8142:
8135:
8096:
8054:
7857:
7844:
7812:
7799:
7750:
7709:
7705:
7692:
7668:
7632:
7606:
7555:
7512:
7477:
7397:
7390:Chinese family of scripts
7388:
7384:
7371:
7269:
7256:
7207:
6615:
6611:
6598:
6460:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
6447:
6095:
5838:
5829:
5825:
5812:
5587:
5574:
5570:
5562:
5557:
5545:by first written accounts
5514:
5493:
5489:
5424:
5373:
5300:
5263:
5227:
5218:
5164:
5048:
5017:
4928:
4853:
4795:
4715:
4690:
4652:
4599:
4525:
4514:
4461:
4413:
4368:
4345:
4290:
4281:
4219:
4138:
4113:
4095:
4072:
4009:
4000:
3963:
3940:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3820:
3780:
3707:
3685:
3657:
3639:
3613:
3590:
3526:
3517:
3494:
3464:
3441:
3365:
3305:
3277:
3254:
3231:
3198:
3189:
3180:
3169:
3063:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2942:
2918:
2840:
2677:
2666:
2582:
2435:Chinese History: A Manual
2334:Chen Zhaorong 陳昭容 (2003)
1698:have been found from the
1679:蟲書), and collectively as
1529:Zhou dynasty inscriptions
1433:Shang bronze inscriptions
1130:Chinese family of scripts
558:Chinese family of scripts
528:
510:
496:
491:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
440:
419:
403:
389:
375:
368:
351:
337:
321:
307:
293:
286:
281:
277:
273:Bell and cauldron writing
269:
255:
241:
236:
215:
199:
185:
171:
164:
147:
133:
117:
103:
89:
82:
77:
73:
65:
51:
46:
30:
26:
21:
8863:Chinese semi-syllabaries
8126:Unicode braille patterns
8112:International uniformity
6567:Thomas Natural Shorthand
5277:by first written account
2536:
2520:
2502:
2395:Rawson, Jessica (1983).
2388:Rawson, Jessica (1987).
2185:Qiú 2000, p. 71 & 76
1957:Spring and Autumn period
1939:(大盂鼎), about 400 on the
1903:Spring and Autumn period
1866:
1711:Spring and Autumn period
1645:Spring and Autumn period
1639:By the beginning of the
1180:Spring and Autumn period
798:Commonly-Used Characters
243:Traditional Chinese
237:Alternative Chinese name
37:Inscription on the Song
9200:Blindness organizations
9179:Braille Without Borders
8968:Canadian currency marks
8590:Egyptian lineage family
7773:Southwest Paleohispanic
5245:History of the alphabet
2500:Yīn-Zhōu jīnwén jíchéng
1590:) and "small seal" (小篆
1555:, and after the ninth,
771:Collation and standards
257:Simplified Chinese
8517:Russian lineage family
7917:Great Lakes Algonquian
6826:Greco-Iberian alphabet
6759:Gabelsberger shorthand
5702:Inscriptional Parthian
2576:Chinese ritual bronzes
2403:Shaughnessy, Edward L.
2293:陳昭容 Chén Zhāoróng 2003
2036:Wilkinson (2000): 428.
1735:
1547:
1457:
1418:
1396:
1385:
1374:
1363:
1352:
1341:
1330:
1319:
1290:
1149:
1033:Slavonic transcription
876:Japanese script reform
861:Traditional characters
9281:Accessible publishing
9207:Schools for the blind
9186:Japan Braille Library
8975:Computer Braille Code
8629:Indian lineage family
8009:Old Persian cuneiform
6876:Carolingian minuscule
5682:Ancient North Arabian
2912:Chinese script styles
2792:of Marquis Yi of Zeng
1729:
1700:Warring States period
1691:Warring States period
1675:鳥書) and Worm Script (
1622:all forms (including
1545:
1452:
1315:
1295:Chinese ritual bronze
1280:
1147:
849:Simplified characters
9326:Chinese inscriptions
9321:Chinese script style
9045:Mountbatten Brailler
8400:(largely reassigned)
8183:(largely reassigned)
7732:Southeastern Iberian
7727:Northeastern Iberian
5625:Egyptian hieroglyphs
3081:Ming / Song
2678:Individual artifacts
2420:Wang Hui 王輝 (2006).
8997:Nemeth braille code
8783:(reassigned vowels)
8308:(extended to 8-dot)
7882:Canadian Aboriginal
7768:Khitan small script
7490:Khitan large script
6680:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
3037:Semi-cursive script
2919:Handwritten scripts
2489:Artifex, D (2020).
2469:Artifex, D (2020).
1897:, and finally, the
1841:Chinese calligraphy
1267:Late Warring States
820:(Taiwan, 1982)
812:(Taiwan, 2009)
405:Canton Romanization
201:Canton Romanization
9031:Braille translator
9008:Braille technology
8984:(science; GS8/GS6)
8953:Symbols in braille
8883:Taiwanese Mandarin
8398:Taiwanese Mandarin
8004:Nwagu Aneke script
7556:Other logosyllabic
7478:Chinese-influenced
7417:Oracle bone script
7399:Chinese characters
7334:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
6724:Eclectic shorthand
6712:Duployan shorthand
6665:Caucasian Albanian
6465:Canadian syllabics
5501:History of writing
5386:Canadian syllabics
5255:Scripts in Unicode
5240:History of writing
5125:Cantonese Bopomofo
4992:Chinese characters
4920:Written Sichuanese
3504:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
2927:Oracle bone script
2203:Qiú 2000, pp.71–72
2158:Qiú 2000, pp.69–70
1947:(散氏盤), 498 on the
1943:(小盂鼎), 350 on the
1916:oracle bone script
1899:Stone Drums of Qin
1846:Oracle bone script
1736:
1624:oracle bone script
1616:Stone Drums of Qin
1548:
1458:
1444:oracle bone script
1419:
1291:
1150:
1134:oracle bone script
1132:, preceded by the
832:(Japan, 2010)
538:Chinese characters
9308:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9226:tactile alphabets
9154:William Bell Wait
9147:Sabriye Tenberken
8948:
8947:
8813:
8812:
8798:(Japanese vowels)
8596:-mediated scripts
8523:-mediated scripts
8050:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8042:
8041:
7902:Ditema tsa Dinoko
7840:
7839:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7688:
7687:
7684:
7683:
7508:
7507:
7367:
7366:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7247:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6443:
6442:
5808:
5807:
5795:Teeline Shorthand
5553:
5552:
5445:
5444:
5437:In Southeast Asia
5178:
5177:
5160:
5159:
4987:
4986:
4905:Written Cantonese
4900:
4899:
4682:Classical grammar
4677:Cantonese grammar
4512:
4511:
4409:
4408:
4215:
4214:
4134:
4133:
3996:
3995:
3703:
3702:
3490:
3489:
3380:Chengdu–Chongqing
3173:Sinitic languages
3129:
3128:
3125:
3124:
2878:
2877:
2709:Four-goat Square
2655:Zun (尊) or Yi (彝)
2460:Eno, Bob (2012).
2422:Shang-Zhou jinwen
1891:(籀文) examples in
1814:, very likely in
1806:Computer encoding
1681:Bird-worm scripts
1635:Spring and Autumn
1602:used to describe
1273:Inscribed bronzes
1243:Late Western Zhou
1093:bronzeware script
1082:
1081:
946:Zetian characters
778:Kangxi Dictionary
532:
531:
524:
523:
436:
435:
377:Yale Romanization
288:Standard Mandarin
232:
231:
173:Yale Romanization
84:Standard Mandarin
9333:
9297:
9290:
9288:Braille literacy
9283:
9265:
9258:
9251:
9244:
9237:
9216:
9209:
9202:
9195:
9188:
9181:
9174:
9156:
9149:
9142:
9135:
9128:
9121:
9114:
9107:
9089:
9082:
9080:Slate and stylus
9075:
9068:
9066:Perkins Brailler
9061:
9054:
9047:
9040:
9033:
9026:
9024:Braille embosser
9019:
8999:
8992:
8985:
8977:
8970:
8963:
8941:
8933:
8926:
8908:
8901:
8892:
8885:
8878:
8871:
8864:
8848:
8845:American Braille
8829:
8826:Algerian Braille
8806:
8799:
8791:
8784:
8776:
8769:
8762:
8755:
8747:
8740:
8733:
8715:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8665:
8658:
8651:
8644:
8621:
8613:
8606:
8582:
8575:
8568:
8561:
8554:
8547:
8540:
8533:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8468:
8461:
8454:
8441:
8440:
8436:
8429:
8422:
8415:
8408:
8401:
8393:
8386:
8379:
8372:
8365:
8358:
8351:
8344:
8337:
8330:
8323:
8316:
8309:
8301:
8294:
8287:
8280:
8273:
8266:
8259:
8252:
8245:
8238:
8231:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8198:
8191:
8184:
8176:
8169:
8162:
8155:
8140:
8139:
8128:
8121:
8114:
8107:
8090:
8079:
8072:
8065:
8056:
8055:
7846:
7845:
7801:
7800:
7707:
7706:
7699:Semi-syllabaries
7694:
7693:
7395:
7394:
7386:
7385:
7373:
7372:
7258:
7257:
6613:
6612:
6600:
6599:
6502:Japanese Braille
6087:Zanabazar square
5956:Nepalese scripts
5846:Bengali–Assamese
5836:
5835:
5827:
5826:
5814:
5813:
5731:Pitman shorthand
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5559:
5558:
5491:
5490:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5449:
5448:
5374:Current examples
5355:Semi-syllabaries
5205:
5198:
5191:
5182:
5181:
5170:
5169:
5142:Taiwanese Hangul
5031:Mainland Chinese
4944:
4943:
4935:
4934:
4860:
4859:
4537:Standard Chinese
4520:
4288:
4287:
4007:
4006:
3900:
3899:
3891:
3890:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3737:
3725:
3524:
3523:
3196:
3195:
3187:
3186:
3163:Chinese language
3156:
3149:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3070:
3069:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2672:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2529:
2511:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2473:. Archived from
2465:
2449:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2273:
2270:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2120:
2117:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2037:
2034:
2025:
2022:
2001:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1933:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1877:
1491:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1437:Inscriptions on
1293:Of the abundant
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1074:
1067:
1060:
793:(PRC, 2013)
759:Digital encoding
678:Modern typefaces
561:
548:
534:
533:
520:
519:
506:
505:
489:
488:
483:
482:
469:
468:
455:
454:
432:
431:
430:
415:
414:
413:
399:
398:
397:zung1 ding2 man4
385:
384:
364:
363:
362:
347:
346:
333:
332:
331:
317:
316:
303:
302:
279:
278:
265:
264:
251:
250:
228:
227:
226:
211:
210:
209:
195:
194:
181:
180:
160:
159:
158:
143:
142:
129:
128:
127:
113:
112:
99:
98:
75:
74:
61:
60:
35:
19:
18:
9341:
9340:
9336:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9330:
9311:
9310:
9309:
9300:
9293:
9286:
9279:
9268:
9261:
9254:
9247:
9240:
9233:
9219:
9212:
9205:
9198:
9191:
9184:
9177:
9170:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9117:
9112:Charles Barbier
9110:
9103:
9092:
9085:
9078:
9071:
9064:
9057:
9050:
9043:
9036:
9029:
9022:
9015:
9002:
8995:
8988:
8980:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8944:
8936:
8929:
8922:
8911:
8904:
8897:
8888:
8881:
8874:
8867:
8862:
8851:
8843:
8837:Frequency-based
8832:
8824:
8809:
8802:
8794:
8787:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8750:
8743:
8736:
8729:
8718:
8710:
8703:
8696:
8689:
8682:
8675:
8668:
8661:
8654:
8647:
8640:
8633:Bharati Braille
8630:
8624:
8616:
8609:
8602:
8591:
8585:
8578:
8571:
8564:
8557:
8550:
8543:
8536:
8529:
8518:
8512:
8505:
8500:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8471:
8464:
8457:
8450:
8439:
8432:
8425:
8418:
8411:
8404:
8396:
8389:
8382:
8375:
8368:
8361:
8354:
8347:
8340:
8333:
8326:
8319:
8312:
8304:
8297:
8290:
8283:
8276:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8220:
8213:
8207:Unified English
8201:
8194:
8187:
8179:
8172:
8165:
8158:
8151:
8136:Braille scripts
8131:
8124:
8117:
8110:
8103:
8092:
8088:
8083:
8038:
7853:
7836:
7832:Stokoe notation
7808:
7787:
7746:
7701:
7680:
7664:
7628:
7607:Logoconsonantal
7602:
7551:
7504:
7473:
7380:
7363:
7344:Siglas poveiras
7265:
7244:
7203:
7107:Younger Futhark
6811:Gregg shorthand
6607:
6586:
6439:
6091:
5821:
5804:
5583:
5566:
5549:
5522:Writing systems
5510:
5485:
5483:writing systems
5476:
5446:
5441:
5420:
5369:
5296:
5271:Writing systems
5259:
5223:
5214:
5212:Writing systems
5209:
5179:
5174:
5156:
5093:Tongyong Pinyin
5073:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
5061:Dungan Cyrillic
5044:
5013:
4983:
4924:
4915:Written Hokkien
4896:
4855:
4849:
4825:Middle Mandarin
4791:
4711:
4686:
4648:
4595:
4528:
4521:
4508:
4457:
4405:
4364:
4341:
4277:
4211:
4130:
4109:
4091:
4068:
3992:
3959:
3936:
3880:
3816:
3776:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3699:
3681:
3653:
3635:
3609:
3586:
3513:
3486:
3460:
3437:
3361:
3301:
3273:
3250:
3227:
3176:
3165:
3160:
3130:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3079:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3023:
3013:Clerical script
3011:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2961:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2914:
2909:
2879:
2874:
2836:
2673:
2664:
2578:
2573:
2538:
2533:
2522:
2515:
2504:
2497:
2480:
2478:
2456:
2446:
2379:Rawson, Jessica
2361:Chinese Writing
2326:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:Qiú 2000, p.107
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2251:Qiú 2000, p. 79
2250:
2246:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:Qiú 2000, p.100
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1967:
1963:
1934:
1930:
1913:
1909:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1856:Clerical script
1836:Chinese writing
1832:
1808:
1770:clerical script
1719:bells from the
1693:
1637:
1632:
1580:clerical script
1574:, when (small)
1536:
1531:
1435:
1417:
1407:馬 虎 豕 犬 象 龜 為 疾
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1350:
1339:
1328:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1244:
1241:
1232:
1229:
1142:
1097:Chinese scripts
1078:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1016:
993:
959:
958:Derived systems
951:
950:
941:
931:
930:
920:
910:
901:
890:
889:
872:
844:
836:
835:
823:
804:
785:
772:
764:
763:
711:
707:Properties and
700:
699:
674:
646:
621:
608:
597:
568:Written Chinese
564:
555:
498:Revised Hepburn
411:
339:Tongyong Pinyin
329:
270:Literal meaning
207:
135:Tongyong Pinyin
125:
66:Literal meaning
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9339:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9306:
9305:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9298:
9291:
9284:
9276:
9274:
9273:Related topics
9270:
9269:
9267:
9266:
9259:
9252:
9249:New York Point
9245:
9238:
9230:
9228:
9221:
9220:
9218:
9217:
9210:
9203:
9196:
9189:
9182:
9175:
9167:
9165:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9157:
9150:
9143:
9136:
9133:Harris Mowbray
9129:
9122:
9115:
9108:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9083:
9076:
9069:
9062:
9055:
9048:
9041:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9017:Braille e-book
9012:
9010:
9004:
9003:
9001:
9000:
8993:
8986:
8978:
8971:
8964:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8949:
8946:
8945:
8943:
8942:
8934:
8927:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8909:
8902:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8886:
8879:
8872:
8859:
8857:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8849:
8840:
8838:
8834:
8833:
8831:
8830:
8821:
8819:
8815:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8808:
8807:
8800:
8792:
8785:
8777:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8748:
8741:
8734:
8726:
8724:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8716:
8708:
8701:
8694:
8687:
8680:
8673:
8666:
8659:
8652:
8645:
8637:
8635:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8614:
8607:
8599:
8597:
8587:
8586:
8584:
8583:
8576:
8569:
8562:
8555:
8548:
8541:
8534:
8526:
8524:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8509:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8469:
8462:
8455:
8447:
8445:
8438:
8437:
8430:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8402:
8394:
8387:
8380:
8373:
8366:
8359:
8352:
8345:
8338:
8331:
8324:
8317:
8310:
8302:
8295:
8288:
8281:
8274:
8267:
8260:
8253:
8246:
8239:
8232:
8225:
8218:
8211:
8199:
8192:
8185:
8177:
8170:
8163:
8156:
8148:
8146:
8144:French-ordered
8137:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8100:
8098:
8094:
8093:
8082:
8081:
8074:
8067:
8059:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7984:Linear Elamite
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7842:
7841:
7838:
7837:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7806:Sign languages
7797:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7783:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7758:Espanca script
7754:
7752:
7748:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7717:Linear Elamite
7713:
7711:
7703:
7702:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7634:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
7598:Yi (Classical)
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7424:
7422:Bronze scripts
7419:
7414:
7409:
7403:
7401:
7392:
7382:
7381:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7235:Flag semaphore
7232:
7230:New York Point
7227:
7225:Telegraph code
7222:
7220:Maritime flags
7217:
7211:
7209:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7174:Visible Speech
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7144:Sorang Sompeng
7141:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7028:Galik alphabet
7025:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6926:Tironian notes
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6771:
6769:Garay alphabet
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6709:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6609:
6608:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6552:Sorang Sompeng
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6475:Déné syllabics
6472:
6462:
6457:
6451:
6449:
6445:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6259:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6072:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5842:
5840:
5833:
5823:
5822:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5770:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5736:Proto-Sinaitic
5733:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5597:
5596:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5568:
5567:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5518:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5503:
5497:
5495:
5487:
5486:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5425:Related topics
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5185:
5176:
5175:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5137:Taiwanese kana
5134:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5108:Lessing-Othmer
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4941:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4910:Written Dungan
4907:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4866:
4864:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4815:Middle Chinese
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4782:Wubi (Wang Ma)
4779:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4730:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4615:
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4603:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
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4577:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4559:
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4544:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4522:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4499:Xiangnan Tuhua
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Shaozhou Tuhua
4481:
4476:
4471:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4296:
4294:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4187:
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4185:
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4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3861:
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3859:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3762:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3397:Renshou–Fushun
3394:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3307:Central Plains
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3107:
3095:
3076:
3074:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3049:Cursive script
3045:
3033:
3025:Regular script
3021:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2971:
2947:
2935:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2858:Tomb of Fu Hao
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
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2770:
2762:
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2722:
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2706:
2698:
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2657:
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2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2531:
2513:
2495:
2486:
2466:
2455:
2454:External links
2452:
2451:
2450:
2444:
2429:
2418:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2376:
2354:
2351:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2284:Qiú 2000, p.97
2274:
2272:Qiú 2000, p.78
2262:
2253:
2244:
2242:Qiú 2000, p.79
2232:
2230:Qiú 2000, p.81
2223:
2214:
2212:Qiu 2000, p.72
2205:
2196:
2194:Qiú 2000, p.80
2187:
2178:
2176:Qiú 2000, p.77
2169:
2160:
2151:
2149:Qiú 2000, p.67
2142:
2140:Qiú 2000, p.65
2133:
2131:Qiú 2000, p.70
2121:
2119:Qiú 2000, p.63
2109:
2100:
2098:Qiú 2000, p.64
2086:
2084:Qiú 2000, p.60
2077:
2075:Qiu 2000, p.67
2068:
2066:Qiu 2000, p.63
2059:
2057:Xu Yahui, p.12
2050:
2048:Qiú 2000, p.62
2038:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1989:
1980:
1961:
1928:
1907:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1807:
1804:
1749:Warring States
1692:
1689:
1669:Warring States
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1478:Earthly Branch
1434:
1431:
1395:
1384:
1373:
1362:
1351:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1274:
1271:
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1266:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1158:Warring States
1152:For the early
1141:
1138:
1101:ritual bronzes
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
999:
997:Jurchen script
992:
991:
990:
989:
982:
975:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
948:
942:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
919:
918:
909:
908:
902:
896:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
886:
885:
871:
870:
869:
868:
858:
857:
856:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
822:
821:
813:
803:
802:
794:
784:
783:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
756:
755:
754:
747:
735:
730:
729:
728:
718:
712:
709:classification
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
696:
695:
690:
685:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
645:
644:
643:
642:
637:
632:
620:
619:
614:
607:
606:
598:
592:
591:
588:
587:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
563:
562:
550:
549:
541:
540:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
514:
508:
507:
500:
494:
493:
492:Transcriptions
485:
484:
477:
471:
470:
463:
457:
456:
449:
443:
442:
438:
437:
434:
433:
423:
417:
416:
407:
401:
400:
393:
387:
386:
379:
373:
372:
370:Yue: Cantonese
366:
365:
355:
349:
348:
345:Jhong-dǐng-wún
341:
335:
334:
330:Chung-ting-wen
325:
319:
318:
311:
305:
304:
297:
291:
290:
284:
283:
282:Transcriptions
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
259:
253:
252:
245:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
229:
219:
213:
212:
203:
197:
196:
189:
183:
182:
175:
169:
168:
166:Yue: Cantonese
162:
161:
151:
145:
144:
137:
131:
130:
121:
115:
114:
107:
101:
100:
93:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:Transcriptions
71:
70:
69:Bronze writing
67:
63:
62:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
36:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9338:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9296:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9264:
9260:
9257:
9256:Night writing
9253:
9250:
9246:
9243:
9239:
9236:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9227:
9222:
9215:
9211:
9208:
9204:
9201:
9197:
9194:
9190:
9187:
9183:
9180:
9176:
9173:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9164:Organisations
9162:
9155:
9151:
9148:
9144:
9141:
9137:
9134:
9130:
9127:
9126:Valentin Haüy
9123:
9120:
9116:
9113:
9109:
9106:
9105:Louis Braille
9102:
9101:
9099:
9095:
9088:
9084:
9081:
9077:
9074:
9070:
9067:
9063:
9060:
9056:
9053:
9049:
9046:
9042:
9039:
9038:Braille watch
9035:
9032:
9028:
9025:
9021:
9018:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9009:
9005:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8965:
8962:
8961:Braille music
8958:
8957:
8955:
8951:
8939:
8935:
8932:
8928:
8925:
8924:Luxembourgish
8921:
8920:
8918:
8914:
8907:
8903:
8900:
8896:
8891:
8887:
8884:
8880:
8877:
8873:
8870:
8866:
8865:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8854:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8835:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8820:
8816:
8805:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8771:
8768:
8764:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8749:
8746:
8742:
8739:
8735:
8732:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8723:Other scripts
8721:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8702:
8699:
8695:
8692:
8688:
8685:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8667:
8664:
8660:
8657:
8653:
8650:
8646:
8643:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8627:
8619:
8615:
8612:
8608:
8605:
8601:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8588:
8581:
8577:
8574:
8570:
8567:
8563:
8560:
8556:
8553:
8549:
8546:
8542:
8539:
8535:
8532:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8515:
8504:
8499:
8496:
8495:Northern Sámi
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8470:
8467:
8463:
8460:
8456:
8453:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8444:Nordic family
8442:
8435:
8431:
8428:
8424:
8421:
8417:
8414:
8410:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8395:
8392:
8388:
8385:
8384:South African
8381:
8378:
8374:
8371:
8367:
8364:
8360:
8357:
8353:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8329:
8325:
8322:
8318:
8315:
8311:
8307:
8306:Luxembourgish
8303:
8300:
8296:
8293:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8254:
8251:
8247:
8244:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8226:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8208:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8175:
8171:
8168:
8164:
8161:
8157:
8154:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8134:
8127:
8123:
8120:
8119:ASCII braille
8116:
8113:
8109:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8087:
8080:
8075:
8073:
8068:
8066:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8053:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7859:
7856:
7852:
7847:
7843:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7811:
7807:
7802:
7798:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7695:
7691:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7667:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7650:Attic (Greek)
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7631:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7605:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7588:Proto-Elamite
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7480:
7476:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7374:
7370:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7259:
7255:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7102:Elder Futhark
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6993:Old Hungarian
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6601:
6597:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6527:Masaram Gondi
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6497:Gunjala Gondi
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6446:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6309:Old Sundanese
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6252:Old Maldivian
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6235:Bilang-bilang
6233:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6055:Sylheti Nagri
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Brahmi script
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5815:
5811:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5752:
5751:South Arabian
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:Inscriptional
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5582:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5473:
5468:
5466:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5173:
5163:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:Cyrillization
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4948:Script styles
4945:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4519:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3152:
3150:
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2537:先秦甲骨金文簡牘詞彙資料庫
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2477:on 2022-03-31
2476:
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2457:
2447:
2445:9780674002494
2441:
2437:
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2415:0-520-07028-3
2412:
2408:
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2373:1-55729-071-7
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2344:957-671-995-X
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2116:
2114:
2107:Qiú 2000 p.62
2104:
2095:
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2024:Qiú 2000 p.60
2021:
2017:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1993:
1984:
1977:
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1965:
1958:
1954:
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1949:Máo Gōng Dĭng
1946:
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1932:
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1894:Shuowen Jiezi
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1795:Shuowen Jiezi
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1427:Han dynasties
1424:
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1281:Left: Bronze
1279:
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1231:Shang Dynasty
1227:
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1167:Shang dynasty
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1123:
1119:
1118:Shang dynasty
1115:
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1089:bronze script
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623:
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610:
609:
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604:
600:
599:
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595:script styles
593:Evolution of
590:
589:
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450:
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441:Japanese name
439:
429:
424:
422:
418:
412:Zung-ding-men
408:
406:
402:
394:
392:
388:
380:
378:
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68:
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50:
45:
40:
34:
29:
25:
20:
8796:Thai and Lao
8473:Scandinavian
8105:1829 braille
8097:Braille cell
7897:Cypro-Minoan
7763:Pahawh Hmong
7676:Sitelen Pona
7640:Hindu-Arabic
7421:
6973:Mundari Bani
6547:Pahawh Hmong
6356:Tamil-Brahmi
6262:Eveyla Akuru
6257:Dhives Akuru
5724:Paleo-Hebrew
5591:
5527:undeciphered
5350:Pictographic
5345:Phonogrammic
5078:Hanyu Pinyin
5068:Romanization
4975:Semi-cursive
4959:
4820:Old Mandarin
4777:Stroke count
4704:
4697:
4619:Old National
4462:Unclassified
3367:Southwestern
3200:Northeastern
3182:Major groups
3171:
3088: /
2938:
2867:
2847:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2717:Guoji Zibai
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2525:
2517:
2507:
2499:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:the original
2434:
2425:
2421:
2406:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2365:Jerry Norman
2360:
2347:
2335:
2329:Bibliography
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2256:
2247:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2103:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2020:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1975:
1964:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:Xiǎo Yú Dĭng
1940:
1936:
1931:
1920:bamboo books
1910:
1901:of the late
1892:
1888:
1885:oracle bones
1880:
1875:
1861:Houmuwu ding
1809:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1776:through the
1772:used in the
1754:Eastern Zhou
1741:
1737:
1731:
1714:
1707:Western Zhou
1704:
1694:
1685:niǎochóngshū
1684:
1676:
1672:
1661:
1653:state of Qin
1649:
1641:Eastern Zhou
1638:
1630:Eastern Zhou
1619:
1611:
1610:compendium,
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1567:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1534:Western Zhou
1518:
1514:oracle bones
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1476:戌 (the 11th
1473:
1459:
1453:
1436:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1358:
1347:
1336:
1325:
1303:
1299:Song dynasty
1292:
1286:
1282:
1216:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1154:Western Zhou
1151:
1122:Zhou dynasty
1111:
1104:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
984:
977:
970:
963:
923:
913:
900:and readings
880:
854:second round
827:
815:
807:
796:
788:
777:
750:
743:
660:Semi-cursive
616:
601:
556:
512:Kunrei-shiki
383:Jūngdíngmàhn
315:ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄧㄥˇ ㄨㄣˊ
301:Zhōngdǐngwén
295:Hanyu Pinyin
91:Hanyu Pinyin
47:Chinese name
38:
9295:RoboBraille
9119:Róża Czacka
9059:Perforation
8856:Independent
8754:(Bhutanese)
8489:Greenlandic
8160:Azerbaijani
7962:Jindai moji
7851:Syllabaries
7822:SignWriting
7722:Celtiberian
7624:Hieroglyphs
7427:Seal script
7412:Traditional
7284:Blissymbols
7189:Warang Citi
7164:Tolong Siki
7117:Marcomannic
7097:Dalecarlian
7087:Anglo-Saxon
7067:Pau Cin Hau
6958:Medefaidrin
6911:Merovingian
6871:Blackletter
6779:Asomtavruli
6572:Warang Citi
6381:Ulu scripts
6326:New Tai Lue
6269:Mon–Burmese
6123:Bhattiprolu
5951:Nandinagari
5778:ʾEsṭrangēlā
5537:constructed
5365:Syllabaries
5335:Logographic
5330:Ideogrammic
5147:Xiao'erjing
5009:Punctuation
5002:Traditional
4955:Oracle bone
4939:Logographic
4835:Proto-Hakka
4810:Eastern Han
4805:Old Chinese
4667:Classifiers
4634:Northern Wu
4562:Singaporean
3768: [
3756: [
3744: [
3732: [
3720: [
2951:Seal script
2813:Fujita ram
2805:Fu Hao owl
2605:Fangyi (方彜)
1945:Sǎn Shì Pán
1851:Seal script
1824:oracle bone
1766:Qin dynasty
1758:seal script
1745:Shizhoupian
1608:Shizhoupian
1576:seal script
1572:Han dynasty
1204:Worm Script
1192:Bird Script
1140:Terminology
738:Orthography
612:Oracle bone
41:, c. 800 BC
9315:Categories
8847:(obsolete)
8828:(obsolete)
8620:(Pakistan)
8531:Belarusian
8413:Vietnamese
8356:Portuguese
8342:Philippine
8299:Lithuanian
7952:Hentaigana
7947:Man'yōgana
7407:Simplified
7294:Ersu Shaba
7208:Non-linear
7013:Old Uyghur
7003:Old Permic
6998:Old Italic
6931:Visigothic
6866:Beneventan
6801:Glagolitic
6764:Gadabuursi
6428:Kolezhuthu
6423:Vatteluttu
6361:Tanchangya
6284:Saurashtra
5861:Devanagari
5719:Phoenician
5672:Manichaean
5396:Devanagari
5098:Wade–Giles
4997:Simplified
4892:Vernacular
4885:in Vietnam
4738:Simplified
4725:Biaoxingma
4672:Honorifics
4607:Historical
4552:Philippine
4542:Sichuanese
4469:Badong Yao
4173:Shao–Jiang
4044:Philippine
3852:Xiangxiang
3847:Shuangfeng
3592:Taizhou Wu
3375:Sichuanese
2773:Shi Qiang
2660:TLV mirror
2481:2020-03-13
2008:References
1937:Dà Yú Dĭng
1584:large seal
1564:large seal
972:man'yōgana
898:Homographs
751:xin zixing
744:jiu zixing
716:Components
670:Flat brush
323:Wade–Giles
119:Wade–Giles
9263:Vibratese
9242:Moon type
9235:Decapoint
8916:Eight-dot
8869:Cantonese
8818:Reordered
8781:Inuktitut
8670:Malayalam
8580:Ukrainian
8559:Mongolian
8538:Bulgarian
8501:Norwegian
8466:Icelandic
8257:Hungarian
8215:Esperanto
8167:Cantonese
7751:Redundant
7563:Anatolian
7514:Cuneiform
7442:bird-worm
7378:Logograms
7349:Testerian
7263:Ideograms
7240:Moon type
7127:Staveless
7018:Mongolian
6963:Molodtsov
6921:Sütterlin
6789:Mkhedruli
6655:Bassa Vah
6605:Alphabets
6577:Mwangwego
6542:Mwangwego
6517:Kharosthi
6470:Blackfoot
6433:Malayanma
6304:Sundanese
6299:Sukhothai
6247:Malayalam
6198:Khom Thai
6158:Goykanadi
6082:Tocharian
6035:ʼPhags-pa
5906:Khudabadi
5851:Bhaiksuki
5746:Samaritan
5677:Nabataean
5532:inventors
5432:In Africa
5416:Mongolian
5360:Shorthand
5320:Alphabets
5250:Graphemes
5036:Taiwanese
5026:Cantonese
4870:Classical
4830:Proto-Min
4765:Microsoft
4624:Cantonese
4600:Phonology
4581:Cantonese
4572:Singdarin
4557:Malaysian
4547:Taiwanese
4451:Rongjiang
4441:Yongjiang
4437:Southern
4422:Northern
4396:Luo–Guang
4305:Hong Kong
4300:Guangzhou
4256:Taiwanese
4249:Changting
4183:Zhanjiang
4097:Zhongshan
4064:Malaysian
4059:Singapore
4024:Zhangzhou
3976:Zhongshan
3869:Yong–Quan
3765:Jing-Zhan
3695:Xuancheng
3672:Jiangshan
3551:Changzhou
3472:Junjiahua
3325:Guanzhong
3208:Changchun
3065:Typefaces
2999:Nine-fold
2987:Bird-worm
2821:Simu Xin
2797:Luboshez
2790:Bianzhong
2757:Mao Gong
2741:Kang Hou
2615:Guang (觥)
2590:Bianzhong
2392:. London.
2357:Qiu Xigui
2013:Footnotes
1784:periods.
1732:biānzhōng
1716:biānzhōng
1643:, in the
1600:variously
1596:Qín zhuàn
1594:, aka 秦篆
1592:xiǎozhuàn
1553:King Kāng
1492:are both
1480:), while
1202:鳥篆), and
1200:niǎozhuàn
1156:to early
640:Bird-worm
193:gam1 man4
8899:Japanese
8760:Georgian
8752:Dzongkha
8738:Armenian
8656:Gujarati
8521:Cyrillic
8452:Estonian
8427:Yugoslav
8363:Romanian
8335:Nigerian
8250:Hawaiian
8236:Ghanaian
8153:Albanian
8014:Sumerian
7979:Linear B
7942:Katakana
7937:Hiragana
7887:Cherokee
7817:ASLwrite
7778:Bopomofo
7633:Numerals
7619:Hieratic
7578:Isthmian
7547:Sumerian
7527:Assyrian
7522:Akkadian
7179:Vithkuqi
7154:Tifinagh
7122:Medieval
7077:Pisidian
7072:Phrygian
7043:Vagindra
6988:Ol Chiki
6896:Interlac
6851:Kayah Li
6841:Jenticha
6796:Veso Bey
6784:Nuskhuri
6774:Georgian
6744:Formosan
6739:Etruscan
6734:Enochian
6690:Cyrillic
6675:Coelbren
6633:Armenian
6532:Meroitic
6522:Mandombe
6512:Jenticha
6376:Tigalari
6341:Tai Viet
6336:Tai Tham
6316:Tagbanwa
6168:Javanese
6118:Baybayin
6108:Balinese
6096:Southern
5991:Pracalit
5986:Pachumol
5961:Bhujimol
5921:Mahajani
5881:Gurmukhi
5871:Gujarati
5839:Northern
5819:Abugidas
5800:Ugaritic
5788:Maḏnḥāyā
5662:Tifinagh
5655:Solitreo
5593:Numerals
5506:Grapheme
5494:Overview
5325:Featural
5315:Abugidas
5235:Language
5228:Overview
5120:Bopomofo
5049:Phonetic
5041:Two-cell
4970:Clerical
4880:in Japan
4875:Adoption
4863:Official
4854:Literary
4729:Boshiamy
4706:Xiehouyu
4662:Numerals
4639:Mandarin
4567:Standard
4527:Standard
4401:Qin–Lian
4391:Yong–Xun
4376:Gao–Yang
4322:Jiujiang
4310:Malaysia
4244:Tingzhou
4195:Wenchang
4156:Jianyang
4146:Northern
4105:Sanxiang
4019:Quanzhou
4002:Southern
3971:Manjiang
3835:Changsha
3795:Nanchang
3790:Chang–Du
3687:Xuanzhou
3677:Qingtian
3631:Wencheng
3577:Jiangyin
3572:Jinxiang
3562:Shaoxing
3556:Hangzhou
3536:Shanghai
3477:Qinjiang
3385:Minjiang
3357:Xinjiang
3315:Dongping
3279:Jiaoliao
3218:Shenyang
3191:Mandarin
3099:Fangsong
2733:Houmuwu
2595:Ding (鼎)
2521:近出殷周金文集录
2405:(1991).
2381:(1980).
2359:(2000).
1881:Zhōuyuán
1830:See also
1677:chóngshū
1370:elephant
1283:fāng zūn
1208:chóngshū
1103:such as
1025:Bopomofo
986:katakana
979:hiragana
939:Variants
882:kyūjitai
733:Radicals
683:Fangsong
650:Clerical
475:Katakana
461:Hiragana
391:Jyutping
309:Bopomofo
187:Jyutping
126:Chin-wen
105:Bopomofo
8804:Tibetan
8745:Burmese
8731:Amharic
8714:(India)
8691:Sinhala
8684:Punjabi
8663:Kannada
8611:Persian
8566:Russian
8506:Swedish
8484:Finnish
8459:Faroese
8434:Zambian
8406:Turkish
8391:Spanish
8314:Maltese
8292:Latvian
8285:Italian
8264:Iñupiaq
8243:Guarani
8203:English
8174:Catalan
8091:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
8086:Braille
7969:Kikakui
7907:Eskayan
7892:Cypriot
7742:Dunging
7614:Demotic
7593:Tenevil
7537:Hittite
7532:Elamite
7485:Jurchen
7464:Sawndip
7459:Chữ Nôm
7359:Zapotec
7354:Yerkish
7329:Nsibidi
7314:Miꞌkmaw
7304:Isotype
7274:Adinkra
7215:Braille
7199:Zaghawa
7169:Vellara
7149:Sunuwar
7139:Sidetic
7134:Shavian
7062:Osmanya
7052:Ol Onal
6906:Kurrent
6891:Insular
6881:Fraktur
6856:Klingon
6846:Kaddare
6820:Archaic
6729:Elbasan
6717:Chinook
6707:Deseret
6695:Bosnian
6650:Avoiuli
6638:Avestan
6628:Ariyaka
6557:Tengwar
6455:Bharati
6416:Serawai
6406:Pasemah
6391:Lampung
6346:Lai Tay
6331:Tai Noi
6294:Sinhala
6274:Pallava
6242:Makasar
6230:Lontara
6205:Kulitan
6178:Kannada
6173:Kadamba
6163:Hanunoo
6153:Grantha
6148:Fakkham
6065:Tibetan
6050:Soyombo
6045:Siddhaṃ
6040:Sharada
6016:Litumol
6006:Tirhuta
5996:Ranjana
5981:Kvemmol
5941:Multani
5926:Marchen
5891:Kalinga
5831:Brahmic
5768:Sogdian
5707:Psalter
5687:Pahlavi
5667:Mandaic
5645:Cursive
5630:Elymaic
5601:Aramaic
5391:Chinese
5340:Numeral
5019:Braille
4980:Cursive
4930:Scripts
4797:History
4787:ZhengMa
4733:Cangjie
4699:Chengyu
4654:Grammar
4629:Hokkien
4586:Hokkien
4494:Waxiang
4474:Danzhou
4446:Guandao
4431:Younian
4426:Tongdao
4415:Pinghua
4355:Taishan
4271:Raoping
4239:Huizhou
4229:Meixian
4205:Banqiao
4178:Leizhou
4168:Pu–Xian
4163:Central
4151:Jian'ou
4126:Longyan
4074:Teochew
4011:Hokkien
3986:Nanlang
3942:Fu–Ning
3922:Changle
3904:Houguan
3895:Eastern
3842:Loushao
3830:Changyi
3812:Da–Tong
3807:Ying–Yi
3753:Yanzhou
3621:Wenzhou
3614:Oujiang
3605:Tiantai
3600:Taizhou
3509:Zhi–Yan
3456:Nantong
3451:Nanjing
3426:Gui–Liu
3416:Nanping
3411:Kunming
3337:Luoyang
3292:Qingdao
3264:Tianjin
3241:Beijing
3233:Beijing
2841:Related
2767:fanglei
2650:You (卣)
2640:Lei (罍)
2635:Jue (爵)
2630:Jia (斝)
2620:Gui (簋)
2600:Dui (敦)
2426:Chinese
2348:Chinese
1889:zhòuwén
1812:Unicode
1790:Xu Shen
1764:in the
1730:Bronze
1673:niǎoshū
1604:zhòuwén
1588:dàzhuàn
1568:dàzhuàn
1557:King Yì
1403:illness
1392:to lead
1287:fāng yí
1196:niǎoshū
1001:Khitan
843:Reforms
721:Strokes
665:Regular
655:Cursive
583:Chữ Hán
208:Gem-men
179:Gāmmàhn
141:Jin-wún
111:ㄐㄧㄣ ㄨㄣˊ
53:Chinese
9224:Other
9097:People
9087:Braigo
8906:Korean
8774:Hebrew
8705:Telugu
8604:Arabic
8594:Arabic
8552:Kyrgyz
8545:Kazakh
8479:Danish
8377:Slovak
8370:Samoan
8349:Polish
8328:Navajo
8229:German
8222:French
8089:
8034:Yugtun
8024:Woleai
7974:Kpelle
7957:Sōgana
7877:Byblos
7655:Muisca
7573:Cretan
7542:Luwian
7500:Tangut
7319:Mixtec
7289:Dongba
7194:Yezidi
7184:Wancho
7159:Todhri
7112:Gothic
7092:Cipher
7033:Manchu
7023:Evenki
7008:Orkhon
6953:Manchu
6948:Lydian
6943:Lycian
6886:Gaelic
6836:Hanifi
6831:Hangul
6806:Gothic
6754:Fraser
6749:Fox II
6685:Coptic
6660:Carian
6643:Pazend
6616:Linear
6562:Thaana
6507:Sarati
6448:Others
6411:Rejang
6396:Lembak
6386:Incung
6366:Telugu
6321:Tai Le
6215:Langdi
6138:Chakma
6028:Karani
6001:Tamyig
5976:Kummol
5971:Himmol
5966:Golmol
5946:Nagari
5931:Meitei
5916:Lepcha
5901:Khojki
5886:Kaithi
5773:Syriac
5761:Musnad
5640:Ashuri
5635:Hebrew
5618:Elifba
5613:Arabic
5606:Hatran
5581:Abjads
5401:Hangul
5381:Arabic
5310:Abjads
5088:Postal
5083:MPS II
4960:Bronze
4840:Ba–Shu
4760:Google
4755:Pinyin
4691:Idioms
4504:Yeheni
4386:Wu–Hua
4381:Goulou
4360:Xinhui
4337:Dapeng
4332:Weitou
4317:Xiguan
4292:Yuehai
4261:Sixian
4200:Haikou
4190:Hainan
4121:Zhenan
4087:Haklau
4082:Swatow
4054:Penang
4039:Taiwan
4034:Chawan
3981:Longdu
3950:Ningde
3927:Gutian
3917:Fuqing
3912:Fuzhou
3874:Qiyang
3857:Wugang
3802:Yi–Liu
3729:Xiu-Yi
3717:Ji-She
3667:Quzhou
3659:Chu–Qu
3649:Jinhua
3641:Wuzhou
3626:Rui'an
3567:Ningbo
3541:Suzhou
3431:Wuming
3402:Zigong
3390:Leshan
3352:Lanyin
3347:Dungan
3342:Xuzhou
3320:Gangou
3297:Weihai
3287:Dalian
3246:Taiwan
3213:Harbin
3111:Gothic
2853:Taotie
2701:Da Yu
2693:Da Ke
2685:Da He
2645:Yi (匜)
2625:Hu (壺)
2610:Gu (觚)
2528:].
2510:].
2503:殷周金文集成
2442:
2413:
2371:
2342:
1924:stelae
1586:" (大篆
1566:" (大篆
1519:formal
1381:turtle
1306:bamboo
1162:bronze
915:Kanbun
866:debate
782:(1716)
617:Bronze
518:Kinbun
504:Kinbun
97:Jīnwén
8940:(GS8)
8931:Kanji
8789:Khmer
8767:Greek
8698:Tamil
8631:i.e.
8592:i.e.
8573:Tatar
8519:i.e.
8420:Welsh
8321:Māori
8278:Irish
8196:Dutch
8189:Czech
7999:Nüshu
7867:Bamum
7862:Afaka
7669:Other
7660:Roman
7645:Abjad
7568:Bagam
7469:Bowen
7454:Kanji
7449:Hanja
7437:small
7432:large
7339:Olmec
7309:Kaidā
7299:Emoji
7279:Aztec
7082:Runic
7057:Osage
7038:Oirat
6983:Ogham
6916:Sigla
6861:Latin
6816:Greek
6700:Early
6670:Cirth
6623:Adlam
6492:Geʽez
6487:Fox I
6351:Tamil
6210:Lanna
6193:Khmer
6183:Karen
6133:Buhid
6113:Batak
6070:Uchen
6060:Takri
6011:Limbu
5911:Laṇḍā
5896:Khema
5876:Gupta
5866:Dogri
5783:Serṭā
5756:Zabur
5741:Punic
5714:Pegon
5650:Rashi
5564:Types
5515:Lists
5479:Types
5411:Latin
5302:Types
5264:Lists
5152:Nüshu
4856:forms
4770:Sogou
4717:Input
4591:Hakka
4529:forms
4369:Other
4327:Shiqi
4266:Hailu
4234:Wuhua
4221:Hakka
4139:Other
4114:Other
4049:Pedan
3964:Other
3955:Fu'an
3932:Matsu
3864:Ji–Xu
3822:Xiang
3772:]
3760:]
3748:]
3741:Qi-De
3736:]
3724:]
3582:Shadi
3528:Taihu
3482:Gyami
3465:Other
3421:Wuhan
3330:Xi'an
3269:Jinan
2975:Small
2963:Large
2829:Song
2815:guang
2799:guang
2583:Types
2524:[
2506:[
1998:after
1883:(周原)
1867:Notes
1816:Plane
1800:gǔwén
1762:Li Si
1696:Seals
1657:seals
1439:Shang
1367:xiàng
1348:swine
1337:tiger
1326:horse
1210:蟲書).
1108:bells
1105:zhōng
1020:Nüshu
1010:small
1005:large
830:kanji
780:forms
726:order
635:Small
630:Large
578:Hanja
573:Kanji
447:Kanji
8712:Urdu
8677:Odia
8618:Urdu
7994:Loma
7989:Lisu
7932:Kana
7922:Iban
7912:Geba
7872:Bété
7827:si5s
7737:Khom
7710:Full
7583:Maya
6978:N'Ko
6537:Miao
6482:Dham
6401:Ogan
6371:Thai
6289:Shan
6225:Leke
6188:Kawi
6143:Cham
6128:Buda
6103:Ahom
6023:Odia
5936:Modi
5692:Book
5406:Kana
5113:Yale
5103:EFEO
4965:Seal
4750:Dayi
4347:Siyi
4029:Amoy
3546:Wuxi
3443:Huai
3256:Jilu
2823:ding
2781:Shi
2765:Min
2759:ding
2735:ding
2703:ding
2695:ding
2687:ding
2440:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2340:ISBN
1822:and
1820:seal
1578:and
1486:and
1466:and
1425:and
1356:quǎn
1194:(鳥書
1126:cast
1113:dǐng
1110:and
965:Kana
828:Jōyō
688:Ming
625:Seal
481:キンブン
467:きんぶん
39:ding
8271:IPA
8019:Vai
7927:Idu
7495:Sui
6968:Mru
6938:Luo
6901:IPA
6582:Rma
6279:Pyu
6220:Lao
6075:Umê
5481:of
4845:Gan
4745:CKC
4612:Old
4489:She
4479:Mai
4283:Yue
3886:Min
3782:Gan
3709:Hui
3558:(?)
3496:Jin
3223:Taz
3103:仿宋體
3003:九疊篆
2991:鳥蟲篆
2931:甲骨文
2831:gui
2807:zun
2783:zun
2775:pan
2751:gui
2749:Li
2743:gui
2727:zun
2725:He
2719:pan
2711:zun
1782:Jin
1778:Wei
1774:Han
1709:to
1683:, (
1494:hóu
1423:Qin
1389:wèi
1378:guī
1359:dog
1345:shǐ
1217:Yín
1188:Qin
1184:Chu
1176:Han
1172:Qin
1099:on
1091:or
925:Idu
693:Hei
421:IPA
353:IPA
263:钟鼎文
249:鐘鼎文
217:IPA
149:IPA
9317::
8029:Yi
3770:zh
3758:zh
3746:zh
3734:zh
3722:zh
3519:Wu
3115:黑體
3091:宋體
3085:明體
3053:草書
3041:行書
3029:楷書
3017:隸書
2979:小篆
2967:大篆
2955:篆書
2943:金文
2350:).
2277:^
2265:^
2235:^
2124:^
2112:^
2089:^
2041:^
2029:^
1976:cè
1974:冊
1953:bó
1620:or
1618:,
1612:or
1525:.
1498:hǔ
1474:xū
1454:hǔ
1429:.
1400:jí
1334:hǔ
1323:mǎ
1215:寅
1186:,
1174:,
1136:.
453:金文
59:金文
8209:)
8205:(
8078:e
8071:t
8064:v
6822:)
6818:(
5471:e
5464:t
5457:v
5204:e
5197:t
5190:v
3155:e
3148:t
3141:v
2904:e
2897:t
2890:v
2568:e
2561:t
2554:v
2493:.
2484:.
2464:.
2448:.
2428:)
2417:.
2375:.
2346:(
1959:.
1905:.
1780:-
1397:疾
1386:為
1375:龜
1364:象
1353:犬
1342:豕
1331:虎
1320:馬
1206:(
1073:e
1066:t
1059:v
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