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drinks on the wing, skimming the surface of the water with its beak. It also bathes on the wing, gliding above the surface of a body of water, briefly smacking its breast into the water, then flying off again, shaking its feathers as it goes. It has been recorded by pilots flying more than a mile above the surface of the earth, including one seen at 7,300 ft (2,200 m). It is incapable of perching upright like most birds do; instead, it clings to vertical surfaces. If it is disturbed while at rest, the chimney swift will clap its wings loudly once or twice against its body; it does this either in place, or while dropping down several feet to a lower location. This behavior can result in a loud "thundering" sound if large roosts of the birds are disturbed. The sound is thought to be the bird's way of scaring away potential predators.
31:
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1190:. She commissioned a 28 foot tall tower, of a similar design to a chimney, with ladders and peep holes installed to facilitate observation. Chimney swifts nested in her tower, and for over fifteen years, she meticulously recorded her observations, filling over 400 pages. Sherman remarked that although the tower had been designed with a limited knowledge of the nesting behavior of chimney swifts, after many years of observation she believed that the original design was ideal.
55:
973:. These are most likely to take nestlings but may take some nesting adults as well. When disturbed by potential predators (including humans) at the colony, adult chimney swifts slap their wings together after arching back and taking flight, making a very loud noise known either as "booming" or "thunder noises". When disturbed, nestlings make a loud, raspy
318:
The chimney swift feeds primarily on flying insects, but also on airborne spiders. It generally mates for life. It builds a bracket nest of twigs and saliva stuck to a vertical surface, which is almost always a human-built structure, typically a chimney; historically (before
European colonists built
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Its tail is short and square, measuring only 4.8 to 5.5 cm (1.90 to 2.15 in) in length. All ten of its tail feathers have shafts which extend as much as 1.3 cm (0.5 in) beyond the vanes, ending in sharp, stiff points. These help the bird to prop itself against vertical surfaces.
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Before the arrival of
European colonists into North America, the chimney swift nested in hollow trees; now, it uses human-built structures almost exclusively. While the occasional nest is still built in a hollow tree (or, exceptionally, in an abandoned woodpecker nest), most are now found inside
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species, and is seldom seen alone. It generally hunts in groups of two or three, migrates in loose flocks of 6–20, and (once the breeding season is over) sleeps in huge communal roosts of hundreds or thousands of birds. Like all swifts, it is a superb aerialist, and only rarely seen at rest. It
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This is a medium-sized swift, measuring from 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) in length, with a wingspan of 27 to 30 cm (11 to 12 in) and a weight ranging from 17 to 30 g (0.60 to 1.06 oz). The sexes are identical in plumage, though males average slightly heavier than
510:. Although the bird often appears to beat its wings asynchronously during flight, photographic and stroboscopic studies have shown that it beats them in unison. The illusion that it does otherwise is heightened by its very fast and highly erratic flight, with many rapid changes of direction.
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breeder which normally mates for life, though a small percentage of birds change partners. Pairs perform display flights together, gliding with their wings upraised in a steep "V", and sometimes rocking from side to side. Breeding birds arrive as early as mid-March in the southern U.S., and
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1126:, it has declined precipitously across the majority of its range. The causes of population declines are largely unclear, but may be related to the alteration of the insect community due to pesticide use in the early half of the 20th century. In Canada, they were listed as threatened by
596:
The chimney swift looks very much like the closely related Vaux's swift, but is slightly larger, with relatively longer wings and tail, slower wingbeats and a greater tendency to soar. It tends to be darker on the breast and rump than the Vaux's swift, though there is some overlap in
506:) along the wing are elongated, a combination which allows the bird to flap very quickly. In flight, it holds its wings stiffly, alternating between rapid, quivering flaps and longer glides. Its flight profile is widely described as a "cigar with wings"—a description first used by
315:. The chimney swift is a medium-sized, sooty gray bird with very long, slender wings and very short legs. Like all swifts, it is incapable of perching on flat surfaces, and can only perch on vertical surfaces. Many fly around all day and only come down at night when roosting.
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The species shows two-weight peaks each year: one at the start of the breeding season, and a higher one shortly before it begins its migration south in the autumn. Its lowest weights are typically recorded during the breeding season, when it also begins a complete
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of trees; the bird hovers near the ends of branches or drops through upper canopy levels. The chimney swift generally flies quite high, though it descends during cold or rainy weather. When feeding, it regularly occurs in small groups, and sometimes hunts with
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1138:. Neither birds nor nests can be removed from chimneys without a federally-issued permit. Populations may have increased historically with the introduction of chimneys to North America by European settlers, providing plentiful nesting opportunities.
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During the breeding season, at least half of the chimney swift's forays occur within 0.5 km (0.3 mi) of its nest; however, it ranges up to 6 km (3.7 mi) away. While most of its food is seized following aerial pursuit, some is
601:
coloring. It can be as much as 30 percent heavier than Vaux's swift, and its wings, which are proportionately narrower, show a pronounced bulge in the inner secondaries. The chimney swift is smaller, paler and shorter tailed than the
532:
The chimney swift has large, deep set eyes. These are protected by small patches of coarse, black, bristly feathers, which are located in front of each eye. The swift can change the angle of these feathers, which may help to reduce
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After sudden temperature drops, the chimney swift sometimes hunts low over concrete roads (presumably following insect prey drawn to the warmer road), where collisions with vehicles become more likely. Severe storms, such as
493:
The chimney swift's wings are slender, curved and long, extending as much as 1.5 in (3.8 cm) beyond the bird's tail when folded. Its wingtips are pointed, which helps to decrease air turbulence (and therefore
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more than double in size, from 7 mm × 2 mm (0.276 in × 0.079 in) in the non-breeding season to 14 mm × 5 mm (0.55 in × 0.20 in) during the breeding season.
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is a shallow bracket made of sticks, which the birds gather in flight, breaking them off trees. The sticks are glued together (and the nest to a vertical surface) with copious amounts of the bird's
1062:
441:, which means "of the sea". This is thought to be a reference to its nomadic lifestyle rather than to any reference to the sea, a theory strengthened by the later assignment of the specific name
899:. The eggs, which are long and elliptical in shape, are moderately glossy, smooth and white, and measure 20 mm × 13 mm (0.79 in × 0.51 in). Each weighs nearly
614:, but it is paler (matte olive rather than glossy black) and has a stronger contrast between its pale throat and the rest of its underparts than does its more uniformly colored relative.
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feeder which remains active into early evening. However, there are records, particularly during migration periods, of chimney swifts feeding well after dark over brightly lit buildings.
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The legs of the chimney swift, like those of all swifts, are very short. Its feet are small but strong, with very short toes that are tipped with sharp, curved claws. The toes are
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that are known to take adult chimney swifts in flight, being among the select few avian hunters fast enough to overtake the appropriately named swift on the wing.
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Dionne, Mark; Maurice, Cėline; Gauthier, Jean; Shaffer, François (December 2008). "Impact of
Hurricane Wilma on migrating birds: the case of the Chimney Swift".
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plumage (held by young birds for their first few months after fledging) is very similar to that of adults, but with whitish tips to the outer webs of the
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399:, the survivors evolved into two species which are still separated by a wide gap across the continent's midsection. It is also closely related to the
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A widespread breeding visitor to much of the eastern half of the United States and the southern reaches of eastern Canada, the chimney swift
3096:
Fischer, R. B. 1958. The breeding biology of the
Chimney Swift, Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus). N.Y. State Mus. Sci. Serv. Bull. 368:1-139.
758:
insects per day. Like many bird species, the chimney swift periodically coughs up pellets composed of indigestible bits of prey items.
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is huge, extending back below its eyes, and allowing the bird to open its mouth very widely. Unlike many insectivorous birds, it lacks
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The chimney swift has a twittering call, consisting of a rapid series of hard, high-pitched chirps. It sometimes gives single chirps.
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1497:
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Steeves, Tanner K.; Kearney-McGee, Shannon B.; Rubega, Margaret A.; Cink, Calvin L.; Collins, Charles T. (2014). A. Poole (ed.).
750:. Researchers estimate that a pair of adults provisioning a nest with three youngsters consume the weight equivalent of at least
383:, where it has since remained, although some authorities in the 1800s assigned it to a variety of now obsolete genera. It has no
1317:
1162:, the most ever seen there in a single year. More than 700 were found dead. The following year, roost counts in the province of
503:
1578:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: Birds of the
Western Palearctic, Volume 1, Ostrich to Ducks
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that was forced to North
America's southeastern and southwestern corners by glacial advances. Separated for millennia by vast
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1146:, encountered during migration can seriously impact the chimney's swift's survival rates. Chimney swifts caught up in 2005's
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By convention, length is measured from the tip of the bill to the tip of the tail on a dead bird (or skin) laid on its back.
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453:) to the same species by other ornithologists. Its common name refers to its preferred nesting site and its speedy flight.
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3319:"Historical pesticide applications coincided with an altered diet of aerially foraging insectivorous chimney swifts"
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521:) forward to help it get a better grip. Unlike the legs and feet of most birds, those of the chimney swift have no
3265:
2786:
1639:
30:
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3829:
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Chantler, Phil (1999b). "Family
Apodidae (Swifts)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
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is smaller than that of some passerines, suggesting that it must refuel en route at various stopover points.
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to South
America for the winter. It is a rare summer visitor to the western U.S, and has been recorded as a
361:. This misconception continued well into the 1800s, with ornithologists calling it "American Swallow" (e.g.
3707:
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4000:
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787:, it is typically among the lower fliers. There is at least one record of a chimney swift attempting to
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swifts, showing little contrast between back and rump. Its beak is black, as are its feet and legs. Its
3772:
3427:
Fraser, P. A.; Rogers, M. J.; the
Rarities Committee. "Report on rare birds in Great Britain in 2005".
1750:
1270:
674:
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Chimney swifts, like these in a chimney in
Missouri, United States, roost communally when not breeding.
517:—three forward, one back—like those of most birds, but the chimney swift can swivel its back toe (its
4065:
3736:
1883:
Collins, Charles T. (2001). "Swifts". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning Jr., John B.; Sibley, David (eds.).
79:
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was 19 days. The first detailed study of chimney swifts began in 1915 by self-taught ornithologist
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3619:
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1729:
1166:, Canada showed a decrease of 62 percent, and the overall population in the province was halved.
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from a purple martin, and it has been observed chasing other purple martins. In general, it is a
431:
422:
which means "tail". This is an apt description of the bird's tail, as the shafts of all ten tail
4052:
3545:
3539:
2341:
2147:
2141:
1094:
3922:
3754:
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Manter, H. W.; Snyder, Raymond (April 1961). "Pseudochoanotaenia (Cestoda) in a Chimney Swift (
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2013:
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1983:
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is a dark sooty olive above and grayish brown below, with a slightly paler rump and uppertail
4047:
3150:
2987:
2958:
Dexter, Ralph W. (July 1969). "Banding and Nesting Studies of the Chimney Swift, 1944–1968".
2305:
2230:
2060:
1813:
1522:
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930:. It was originally banded as an adult, and was recaptured in another banding operation some
743:
470:, and a significantly paler throat. Its upperparts are the most uniformly colored of all the
392:
187:
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1957:
1215:
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3718:
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502:(the bone in the inner part of the wing) is quite short, while the bones farther out (more
483:
3723:
2225:
A Field Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Adjacent Areas: Belize, Guatemala and El Salvador
883:
in flight, chimney swifts mate while clinging to a vertical surface near their nest. They
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The chimney swift's wintering grounds were only discovered in 1944, when bands from birds
8:
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1932:
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1303:. Vol. 13, part 2. Chicago, IL, USA: Field Museum of Natural History. p. 137.
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Clements, James F.; Diamond, Jared; White, Anthony W.; Fitzpatrick, John W. (2007).
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drifting on their threads. It is an important predator of pest species such as the
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1321:
1151:
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The chimney swift carries a number of internal and external parasites. It is the
607:
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both eyes at once; however, it is also able to focus a single eye independently.
546:
522:
388:
300:
3974:
1315:
Macquart; Dipt. exot., Suppl. 4, 271 (ex Mém. Soc. Sci. Lille, 1850 (1851), 244)
698:
Like all swifts, the chimney swift forages on the wing. Studies have shown that
686:
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1183:
1179:
1155:
984:
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872:
808:
659:
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475:
467:
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3413:
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Whitcomb, W. H.; Bhatkar, A.; Nickerson, J. C. (December 1973). "Predators of
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for several years with a likely future listing as a Schedule 1 species of the
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348:
204:
64:
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2101:. New York, NY, USA: Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1920. p. 133.
996:
776:
727:
666:. It is found over open country, savanna, wooded slopes and humid forests.
585:
362:
292:
154:
3157:. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: 32.
2458:
514:
3956:
3904:
3746:
3692:
2401:"More concerning the thundering and clapping sounds of the Chimney Swift"
1524:
Pete Dunne on Bird Watching: The How-to, Where-to, and When-to of Birding
1219:
961:
have been seen attacking colonies, as have non-avian predators including
603:
538:
308:
144:
2910:(2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. p.
1425:(6th ed.). Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell University Press. p. 188.
1352:. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: University of North Carolina Press. p. 78.
4073:
4013:
3873:
3642:
3250:
3196:, including the descriptions of a new genus, subgenus and four species"
3135:
3085:
More concerning the thundering and clapping sounds of the Chimney Swift
2881:
2839:
2715:
2614:
2545:
2427:
2385:
2282:
1988:(5th ed.). Washington, DC, USA: National Geographic. p. 270.
1936:
1686:
A Guide to the Birds of Panama: With Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras
1666:
1175:
1078:
1004:
860:
796:
562:
446:
384:
312:
3188:"The taxonomy and host relationships of the biting lice of the genera
2340:. College Station, TX, USA: Texas A & M University Press. p.
2020:(3rd ed.). Tarrytown, NY, USA: Marshall Cavendish. p. 2484.
1178:
observed a pair of chimney swifts nesting in a chimney, and noted the
580:
that measures a mere 5 mm (0.20 in) in length. However, its
558:
218:
3459:
3187:
2972:
2056:
The Fundus Oculi of Birds, Especially as Viewed by the Ophthalmoscope
1143:
1020:
912:
864:
792:
647:
427:
403:; in the past, the three were sometimes treated as a single species.
396:
374:
328:
134:
91:
3909:
3654:
3242:
3127:
3031:
2873:
2831:
2707:
2606:
2419:
2274:
1928:
1658:
1400:. Washington, D.C.: Government Publishing Office. pp. 714–719.
323:
nest holes), a few still do so, though only rarely. The female lays
3808:
3677:
1012:
988:
753:
731:
719:
702:
of its food items are flying insects, including various species of
655:
643:
639:
379:
256:
164:
111:
2112:
Surface, H. A. (May 1905). "Family 21, Micropodidae: The Swifts".
834:
The nest is made of small, short twigs glued together with saliva.
3731:
3541:
Handbook of Birds of the World, vol. 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds
1640:"Sex and Age Characters and Salivary Glands of the Chimney Swift"
1030:
977:
sound. Both sounds seem designed to startle potential predators.
856:
848:
830:
772:
767:
651:
598:
499:
463:
423:
358:
3597:
2787:"Chimney Swift nesting in an abandoned Pileated Woodpecker hole"
2068:
1965:
1833:
1098:
Purpose-built towers can provide nesting and roosting locations.
545:, this swift is bifoveal: each eye having both a temporal and a
3612:
1689:. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 201.
1420:
1163:
880:
868:
735:
670:
550:
518:
101:
3568:
Chimney Swifts: America's Mysterious Birds Above the Fireplace
3483:
Chimney Swifts: America's Mysterious Birds Above The Fireplace
3426:
3011:
2731:"Seasonal Variation in Body Mass of Chimney and Vaux's Swifts"
3803:
3392:
Finnis, R. G. (January 1960). "Road Casualties Among Birds".
2200:. New York, NY, USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 228.
1985:
National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America
1033:
and can (on rare occasions) become a pest species in houses.
723:
703:
3571:. College Station, TX, USA: Texas A&M University Press.
3445:
3151:"Feather Mite Family Eustathiidae (Aracina: Sarcoptiformes)"
1114:. In 2018, the IUCN changed the chimney swift's status from
1728:. Lansing, MI, USA: Michigan Agricultural College. p.
1187:
804:
711:
581:
573:
288:
121:
3369:. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Archived from
2636:. Princeton, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. p.
335:
and fledge a month later. The average chimney swift lives
3519:
Swifts: A Guide to the Swifts and Treeswifts of the World
3149:
Peterson, Paul; Atyeo, Warren T.; Moss, W. Vayne (1980).
715:
707:
307:; in the past, the three were sometimes considered to be
2440:
1818:. New York, NY, USA: Doubleday and McClure. p. 67.
1554:. Mechanicsburg, PA, USA: Stackpole Books. p. 268.
3323:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
807:
of its plumage. The chimney swift's weight gain before
351:
first described the chimney swift in 1758, he named it
2663:"Chimney Swift Tries to Steal Prey from Purple Martin"
2229:. Austin, TX, USA: University of Texas Press. p.
1245:
319:
chimneys), they nested in hollow trees (including old
2173:"Identifying Chimney and Vaux's Swifts by wing shape"
1851:
Birds in Flight: The Art and Science of How Birds Fly
1134:. In the U.S., the chimney swift is protected by the
673:(ringed) in North America were recovered in Peru. An
2300:
Common Birds of North America: An Expanded Guidebook
3294:. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from
1527:. New York, NY, USA: Houghton Mifflin. p. 69.
1300:
Publication 197: Catalogue of Birds of the Americas
557:is highest, and help to make its vision especially
3292:"Prevention and control of bed bugs in residences"
3013:
2906:Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds
2445:Queens Prior to Successful Colony Establishment".
2333:
2297:
2222:
1887:. London, UK: Christopher Helm. pp. 353–356.
1848:
1780:
1581:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 3.
1379:. Philadelphia, PA, USA: J. B. Chevalier. p.
1271:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686709A131792415.en
3148:
2478:U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin
2304:. Minocqua, WI, USA: Willow Creek Press. p.
1910:"The Flight Mechanism of Swifts and Hummingbirds"
1122:. Although the global population is estimated at
843:late-April to mid-May in the Canadian provinces.
38:Beside Lake Erie, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
4093:
3200:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
2902:Baicich, Paul J.; Harrison, Colin J. O. (1977).
1982:Dunn, Jon L.; Alderfer, Johnathon, eds. (2006).
1855:. Minneapolis, MN, USA: Voyageur Press. p.
1787:. New York, NY, USA: Houghton, Mifflin. p.
1393:
2901:
2007:
2005:
1956:. Salem, MA, USA: Naturalists' Agency. p.
3495:
2474:"Alfalfa attacked by the clover root circulio"
2146:. New York, NY, USA: Alfred A. Knopf. p.
2080:
2078:
2012:Burton, Maurice; Burton, Robert, eds. (2002).
1846:
1574:
1104:International Union for Conservation of Nature
855:, the dark corners of lightly used buildings,
525:; instead, they are covered with smooth skin.
2523:"Pellet Egestion by a Captive Chimney Swift (
2197:Kaufman Field Guide to Birds of North America
2170:
2059:. Chicago, IL, USA: Lakeside Press. pp.
1749:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
1682:
3544:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp.
3480:
3224:
3110:a Filarioid Nematode from the Chimney Swift
3047:"Snake Predation on Chimney Swift Nestlings"
2472:Webster, Francis Marion (27 February 1915).
2011:
2002:
1981:
1683:Ridgely, Robert S.; Gwynne, John A. (1989).
1423:The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World
1394:Ridgway, Robert; Friedmann, Herbert (1901).
915:—naked, blind and helpless when they hatch.
3266:"The External Parasites of Birds: A Review"
2988:"Longevity Records of North American Birds"
2075:
1847:Henderson, Carrol L.; Adams, Steve (2008).
1703:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1452:. London, UK: Academic Press. p. 296.
1292:
1290:
1288:
926:, but one is known to have lived more than
871:. During the breeding season, each adult's
617:
342:
2980:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2558:
1885:The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior
1878:
1876:
1717:
1715:
1678:
1676:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1551:Wildlife of Pennsylvania and the Northeast
1514:
937:
677:had been wearing the bands as a necklace.
391:. Scientists believe that the two species
387:. The chimney swift's closest relative is
217:
53:
29:
4117:Native birds of the Eastern United States
3604:Ralph W. Dexter research on chimney swift
3565:Kyle, Paul D.; Kyle, Georgean Z. (2005).
3537:
3516:
3342:
3316:
2971:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2164:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2087:
1977:
1975:
1840:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1741:
1739:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1269:
1169:
922:The average chimney swift's life span is
373:moved this and other small, short-tailed
3564:
3521:(2nd ed.). London, UK: Pica Press.
2784:
2627:
2621:
2434:
2367:"Altitudinal Records for Chimney Swifts"
2364:
2358:
2327:
2325:
2256:"Chimney Swift's Winter Home Discovered"
1811:
1805:
1637:
1626:
1496:. London, UK: Christopher Helm. p.
1493:Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1345:
1332:
1330:
1285:
1106:changed the chimney swift's status from
1093:
829:
818:
621:
418:, which means "bristle" or "spine", and
3005:
2951:
2888:
2804:
2728:
2722:
2689:"Nocturnal Habits of the Chimney Swift"
2471:
2465:
2392:
2253:
2247:
2220:
2214:
2193:
2187:
2111:
2105:
2039:
2037:
1882:
1873:
1721:
1712:
1673:
1638:Johnston, David W. (March–April 1958).
1595:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1414:
1372:
1339:
891:is complete. The female typically lays
430:) end in sharp, protruding points. The
295:family Apodidae. A member of the genus
4094:
3439:
3391:
3385:
3367:"Chimney Swifts: What's in my chimney"
3310:
3218:
3106:Hamann, C. B. (March 1940). "Notes on
3105:
3099:
2957:
2937:
2928:
2852:
2846:
2754:
2748:
2686:
2680:
2581:
2575:
2398:
2295:
2289:
2254:Lincoln, Frederick C. (October 1944).
2139:
2124:
1972:
1907:
1901:
1783:Pete Dunne's Essential Field Companion
1765:
1736:
1547:
1541:
1466:
1445:
1387:
1366:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1089:
907:by both parents, the eggs hatch after
3659:
3658:
3185:
3179:
2729:Collins, Charles T.; Bull, Evelyn L.
2660:
2654:
2584:"Foliage-gleaning by Chimney Swifts (
2497:"Chimney Swifts Destroy Many Insects"
2494:
2488:
2331:
2322:
1949:
1943:
1778:
1520:
1439:
1397:The birds of North and Middle America
1327:
549:. These are small depressions in the
3861:94859abd-1f8c-4316-95bf-b546853e73f1
3635:at Florida Museum of Natural History
3474:
3420:
3289:
3264:Boyd, Elizabeth M. (December 1951).
3263:
3257:
3142:
3044:
3038:
2813:"Chimney Swift Nesting in a Cistern"
2810:
2632:The Crossley ID Guide: Eastern Birds
2520:
2514:
2052:
2046:
2034:
1480:
1449:Speciation and Biogeography of Birds
1296:
3485:. Texas A & M University Press.
3359:
2582:George, William G. (January 1971).
2099:The Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 26
2018:International Wildlife Encyclopedia
1614:. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
1568:
1349:Catesby's Birds of Colonial America
1257:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1234:
13:
3598:Chimney Swift Conservation Project
3593:Birds of the World - Chimney Swift
3283:
2778:
2552:
2365:Williams, George G. (March 1956).
1043:
591:
14:
4138:
3639:Audio recordings of chimney swift
3615:'s Field Guide Birds of the World
3586:
3448:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
3435:(1): 16–61 (Chimney Swift p. 57).
3072:Snake depredation at birds' nests
3024:The Birds of North America Online
2855:"Chimney Swift Nesting in a Well"
2687:Cottam, Clarence (October 1932).
2661:Brown, Charles R. (Autumn 1980).
2495:Woods, Gordon T. (October 1940).
2171:Sibley, David (11 October 2010).
2114:The Zoological Quarterly Bulletin
1908:Savile, D. B. O. (October 1950).
1722:Barrows, Walter Bradford (1912).
1136:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
1011:, and is also known to carry the
895:, though clutch sizes range from
879:Unlike some swift species, which
4102:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
2853:Rogers, Charles H. (July 1917).
2811:Hyde, A. Sydney (January 1924).
2221:Edwards, Ernest Preston (1998).
1077:Problems playing this file? See
1059:
1019:. Its nest is known to host the
406:The chimney swift's genus name,
299:, it is closely related to both
78:
3897:chimney-swift-chaetura-pelagica
3600:—Driftwood Wildlife Association
3489:
3317:Nocera, J; et al. (2012).
3090:
3077:
3064:
3045:Cink, Calvin L. (Summer 1990).
2755:Dexter, Ralph W. (April 1992).
1297:Cory, Charles B. (March 1918).
1246:BirdLife International (2018).
1208:
1199:
1069:Calls of multiple birds in Iowa
1001:Euchineustathia tricapitosetosa
437:is derived from the Greek word
4112:Native birds of Eastern Canada
3510:
3290:Kell, Stephen A.; Hahn, Jeff.
2757:"Sociality of Chimney Swifts (
1477:Kyle & Kyle (2005), p. 15.
1307:
1017:Pseudochoanotaenia collocaliae
919:leave the nest after a month.
456:
393:evolved from a common ancestor
1:
3212:10.5479/si.00963801.77-2843.1
2948:Kyle & Kyle (2005), p. 39
2934:Kyle & Kyle (2005), p. 38
2785:Hofslund, P. B. (June 1958).
1228:
903:of the female's body weight.
365:) or "Chimney Swallow" (e.g.
3651:at VIREO (Drexel University)
3054:Journal of Field Ornithology
2670:Journal of Field Ornithology
2521:Duke, Gary E. (April 1977).
2140:Sibley, David Allen (2000).
1575:Cramp, Stanley, ed. (1977).
1376:The Birds of America, vol. 1
1373:Audubon, John James (1840).
1346:Feduccia, Alan, ed. (1999).
7:
4127:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3649:Chimney swift photo gallery
3503:. University of Iowa Press.
3231:The Journal of Parasitology
3116:American Midland Naturalist
2960:The Ohio Journal of Science
2053:Wood, Casey Albert (1917).
1953:Key to North American Birds
1150:were swept as far north as
1055:Chimney swift vocalizations
814:
680:
10:
4143:
3074:. Wilson Bull. 58:217-218.
2768:North American Bird Bander
2738:North American Bird Bander
2628:Crossley, Richard (2011).
2336:Heralds of Spring in Texas
1490:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1214:For more information, see
1029:, which is similar to the
911:. Baby chimney swifts are
851:, with smaller numbers in
693:
410:, is a combination of two
3667:
3501:Birds of an Iowa Dooryard
3414:10.1080/00063656009475957
2559:Tiner, Tim (2009-12-04).
2399:Dexter, Ralph W. (1946).
2332:Wauer, Roland H. (1999).
2296:Wilson, James D. (2001).
2143:The Sibley Guide to Birds
2084:Chantler (1999a), p. 187.
2043:Chantler (1999b), p. 391.
1812:Blanchan, Neltje (1903).
1709:Chantler (1999a), p. 185.
1336:Chantler (1999b), p. 443.
1264:: e.T22686709A131792415.
1158:, including six reaching
588:at the base of the beak.
249:
242:
225:
216:
193:
186:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
3625:Internet Bird Collection
3517:Chantler, Phil (1999a).
3108:Aproctella nuda sp. nov.
2447:Environmental Entomology
1548:Fergus, Charles (2000).
1193:
1036:
618:Distribution and habitat
610:, it is most similar to
343:Taxonomy and systematics
4122:Birds described in 1758
1950:Coues, Elliott (1872).
938:Predators and parasites
838:The chimney swift is a
685:The chimney swift is a
357:, believing it to be a
226:Range of chimney swift
3335:10.1098/rspb.2012.0445
2992:U.S. Geological Survey
2761:) Nesting in a Colony"
2194:Kaufman, Kenn (2005).
1170:History of observation
1099:
1048:
835:
827:
627:
576:is very small, with a
371:James Francis Stephens
4048:Paleobiology Database
3620:"Chimney swift media"
3481:Paul D. Kyle (2005).
3229:) in North America".
3186:Ewing, H. E. (1930).
1174:In 1899, Mary Day of
1097:
1047:
833:
822:
744:red imported fire ant
625:
498:) during flight. Its
462:females. The adult's
237: Wintering range
3856:Fauna Europaea (new)
3298:on 28 September 2012
3083:Dexter, R. W. 1946.
3070:Laskey, A. R. 1946.
1779:Dunne, Pete (2006).
1521:Dunne, Pete (2003).
1446:Newton, Ian (2003).
959:Eastern screech-owls
785:mixed-species flocks
748:clover root curculio
377:swifts to the genus
231: Breeding range
3406:1960BirdS...7...21F
3329:(1740): 3114–3120.
3273:The Wilson Bulletin
2794:The Wilson Bulletin
2459:10.1093/ee/2.6.1101
2374:The Wilson Bulletin
1132:Species at Risk Act
1090:Conservation status
675:indigenous Peruvian
664:U.S. Virgin Islands
508:Roger Tory Peterson
478:is dark brown. The
445:(after the nomadic
321:pileated woodpecker
45:Conservation status
2443:Solenopsis invicta
1725:Michigan Bird Life
1320:2016-04-12 at the
1216:Anatomy of the eye
1100:
1049:
1026:Cimexopsis nyctali
963:eastern rat snakes
836:
828:
628:
367:John James Audubon
331:young hatch after
4089:
4088:
4079:Chaetura-pelagica
4035:Open Tree of Life
3724:Chaetura_pelagica
3699:Chaetura pelagica
3669:Chaetura pelagica
3661:Taxon identifiers
3578:978-1-58544-371-0
3555:978-84-87334-25-2
3528:978-1-8734-0383-9
3227:Chaetura pelagica
3112:Chaetura pelagica
3087:. Auk 63:439-440.
3017:Chaetura pelagica
2921:978-0-691-12295-3
2759:Chaetura pelagica
2647:978-0-691-14778-9
2586:Chaetura pelagica
2525:Chaetura pelagica
2351:978-0-89096-879-6
2315:978-1-57223-301-0
2240:978-0-292-72092-3
2207:978-0-618-57423-0
2157:978-0-679-45122-8
2027:978-0-7614-7266-7
2014:"Spinetail Swift"
1995:978-0-7922-5314-3
1894:978-0-7136-6250-4
1866:978-0-7603-3392-1
1798:978-0-618-23648-0
1753:on April 13, 2010
1696:978-0-691-02512-4
1588:978-0-19-857358-6
1561:978-0-8117-2899-7
1534:978-0-395-90686-6
1507:978-1-4081-2501-4
1459:978-0-08-092499-1
1432:978-0-8014-4501-9
1359:978-0-8078-4816-6
1250:Chaetura pelagica
1180:incubation period
1064:
967:northern raccoons
947:peregrine falcons
943:Mississippi kites
887:daily, until the
291:belonging to the
284:Chaetura pelagica
275:
274:
270:
263:Chaetura pelasgia
260:
197:Chaetura pelagica
68:
4134:
4082:
4081:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4055:
4043:
4042:
4030:
4029:
4017:
4016:
4004:
4003:
3991:
3990:
3978:
3977:
3975:NHMSYS0000530272
3965:
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3925:
3913:
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3737:C3AD1AFF63D26461
3727:
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3493:
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3460:10.1676/07-123.1
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3021:
3015:"Chimney Swift (
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2568:
2563:. Ontario Nature
2556:
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2531:
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2453:(6): 1101–1103.
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975:raah, raah, raah
933:
929:
925:
910:
902:
898:
894:
825:Museum Wiesbaden
823:Egg, Collection
757:
740:airborne spiders
701:
565:, it is able to
356:
354:Hirundo pelagica
338:
334:
326:
265:
254:
252:Hirundo pelagica
236:
230:
221:
199:
179:C. pelagica
83:
82:
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33:
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20:
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4009:Observation.org
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3633:Sound recording
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3386:
3376:
3374:
3373:on 24 June 2015
3365:
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3268:
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3258:
3243:10.2307/3275293
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3128:10.2307/2420671
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3039:
3032:10.2173/bna.646
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2874:10.2307/4072224
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2832:10.2307/4074113
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2708:10.2307/4076440
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2607:10.2307/4083983
2590:
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2561:"Chimney Swift"
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2175:. Sibley Guides
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1659:10.2307/1365265
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1612:All about birds
1608:"Chimney Swift"
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1286:
1276:
1274:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1218:section in the
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1172:
1152:Atlantic Canada
1148:Hurricane Wilma
1123:
1116:near threatened
1112:near threatened
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1039:
993:Aproctella nuda
940:
931:
927:
923:
908:
900:
896:
892:
873:salivary glands
817:
775:, particularly
751:
738:. It also eats
699:
696:
683:
620:
612:Chapman's swift
608:Central America
594:
592:Similar species
586:rictal bristles
541:and, like some
468:covert feathers
459:
401:Chapman's swift
352:
345:
336:
332:
324:
305:Chapman's swift
261:
238:
234:
232:
228:
212:
201:
195:
182:
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
4140:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4070:
4057:
4044:
4031:
4018:
4005:
3992:
3979:
3966:
3953:
3940:
3927:
3914:
3901:
3888:
3878:
3865:
3852:
3843:Fauna Europaea
3839:
3826:
3813:
3800:
3787:
3777:
3764:
3751:
3741:
3728:
3715:
3704:
3689:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3653:
3652:
3646:
3636:
3630:
3616:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3588:
3587:External links
3585:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3561:
3560:
3554:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3497:Althea Sherman
3488:
3473:
3454:(4): 784–792.
3438:
3419:
3384:
3358:
3309:
3282:
3256:
3217:
3206:(2843): 1–16.
3178:
3163:
3141:
3122:(2): 390–392.
3098:
3089:
3076:
3063:
3037:
3004:
2979:
2966:(4): 193–213.
2950:
2936:
2927:
2920:
2887:
2845:
2826:(1): 157–158.
2803:
2777:
2747:
2721:
2702:(4): 479–481.
2679:
2653:
2646:
2620:
2574:
2551:
2513:
2487:
2464:
2433:
2414:(3): 439–440.
2391:
2357:
2350:
2321:
2314:
2288:
2269:(4): 604–609.
2246:
2239:
2213:
2206:
2186:
2163:
2156:
2123:
2104:
2086:
2074:
2045:
2033:
2026:
2001:
1994:
1971:
1942:
1923:(4): 499–504.
1900:
1893:
1872:
1865:
1839:
1824:
1815:Bird Neighbors
1804:
1797:
1764:
1735:
1711:
1702:
1695:
1672:
1625:
1594:
1587:
1567:
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1406:
1386:
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1338:
1326:
1306:
1284:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1184:Althea Sherman
1171:
1168:
1156:Western Europe
1091:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1009:Dennyus dubius
971:tree squirrels
939:
936:
816:
813:
781:purple martins
695:
692:
682:
679:
660:United Kingdom
619:
616:
593:
590:
458:
455:
451:ancient Greece
344:
341:
273:
272:
247:
246:
240:
239:
233:
227:
223:
222:
214:
213:
202:
191:
190:
184:
183:
176:
174:
170:
169:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Chimney swift
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4139:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4027:chimney-swift
4023:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3884:chimney-swift
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3429:British Birds
3423:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3279:(4): 363–369.
3278:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3164:9781422319277
3160:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3102:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3060:(3): 288–289.
3059:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3008:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2744:(4): 143–152.
2743:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:(4): 372–373.
2675:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2649:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2562:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2517:
2510:(4): 173–174.
2509:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1825:9781417935871
1821:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1407:9780598370372
1403:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:Great Britain
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:least concern
1105:
1102:In 2010, the
1096:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1056:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
935:
920:
918:
914:
906:
890:
886:
882:
877:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
844:
841:
832:
826:
821:
812:
810:
806:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:barn swallows
774:
769:
765:
759:
755:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:scale insects
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
691:
688:
678:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
624:
615:
613:
609:
605:
600:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:visual acuity
552:
548:
547:central fovea
544:
543:birds of prey
540:
536:
530:
526:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
454:
452:
448:
447:Pelasgi tribe
444:
440:
436:
433:
432:specific name
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:Ancient Greek
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
350:
349:Carl Linnaeus
340:
330:
322:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
280:
279:chimney swift
271:
268:
264:
258:
253:
248:
245:
241:
224:
220:
215:
210:
206:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3668:
3623:
3567:
3540:
3518:
3500:
3491:
3482:
3476:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3400:(1): 21–32.
3397:
3393:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3371:the original
3361:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3302:27 September
3300:. Retrieved
3296:the original
3285:
3276:
3272:
3259:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3220:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3181:
3154:
3144:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3057:
3053:
3040:
3023:
3016:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2982:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2930:
2905:
2865:
2861:
2848:
2823:
2819:
2806:
2797:
2793:
2780:
2771:
2767:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2737:
2724:
2699:
2695:
2682:
2673:
2669:
2656:
2631:
2623:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2554:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2516:
2507:
2504:Bird-Banding
2503:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2411:
2407:
2394:
2380:(1): 71–72.
2377:
2373:
2360:
2335:
2299:
2291:
2266:
2262:
2249:
2224:
2216:
2196:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2166:
2142:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2089:
2055:
2048:
2017:
1984:
1952:
1945:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1884:
1850:
1842:
1814:
1807:
1782:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:the original
1724:
1705:
1685:
1653:(2): 73–84.
1650:
1646:
1616:. Retrieved
1611:
1577:
1570:
1550:
1543:
1523:
1516:
1492:
1448:
1441:
1422:
1416:
1396:
1389:
1375:
1368:
1348:
1341:
1309:
1299:
1275:. Retrieved
1261:
1255:
1249:
1210:
1201:
1173:
1140:
1101:
1085:
1076:
1024:
1016:
1008:
1000:
997:feather mite
992:
979:
974:
941:
921:
878:
845:
837:
801:
760:
697:
684:
668:
629:
595:
571:
561:. Like most
531:
527:
512:
492:
471:
460:
442:
438:
434:
419:
415:
407:
405:
389:Vaux's swift
378:
369:). In 1825,
363:Mark Catesby
353:
346:
317:
311:. It has no
301:Vaux's swift
296:
283:
282:
278:
276:
262:
251:
250:
196:
194:
178:
177:
165:
128:
18:
3996:Neotropical
3957:NatureServe
3905:iNaturalist
3693:Wikispecies
3511:Cited texts
2774:(2): 61–64.
1757:19 December
1618:29 November
1313:Stephens /
1220:Bird vision
1005:biting lice
604:black swift
563:vertebrates
539:far-sighted
515:anisodactyl
484:secondaries
457:Description
309:conspecific
145:Apodiformes
4096:Categories
4074:Xeno-canto
3643:Xeno-canto
3394:Bird Study
3377:4 December
3237:(2): 230.
3114:(Linn.)".
2997:5 December
2868:(3): 337.
2601:(1): 177.
2567:15 January
2540:(2): 385.
2179:2 December
1647:The Condor
1229:References
1176:New Jersey
1144:hurricanes
1120:vulnerable
1079:media help
1003:, and the
932:12.5 years
917:Fledglings
901:10 percent
840:monogamous
752:5000–6000
732:stoneflies
720:whiteflies
700:95 percent
687:gregarious
397:ice sheets
385:subspecies
327:eggs. The
313:subspecies
60:Vulnerable
3173:0096-7750
3155:Monograph
2973:1811/5474
2800:(2): 192.
1124:7,700,000
1021:Hemiptera
924:4.6 years
913:altricial
905:Incubated
853:airshafts
809:migration
793:dragonfly
766:from the
648:Greenland
439:pelagikos
428:rectrices
375:New World
337:4.6 years
329:altricial
325:4–5 white
173:Species:
135:Strisores
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
4107:Chaetura
3962:2.106082
3949:22686709
3923:10195521
3760:22686709
3755:BirdLife
3744:BioLib:
3678:Wikidata
3499:(1952).
3468:85862924
3353:22513860
2120:(1): 22.
2095:"Swifts"
2069:17016887
1966:06017833
1834:04010747
1318:Archived
1277:21 March
1023:species
1015:species
1013:tapeworm
1007:species
999:species
991:species
989:nematode
987:for the
928:14 years
893:4–5 eggs
885:copulate
857:cisterns
849:chimneys
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640:Anguilla
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267:Stephens
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