3077:
3091:
71:
1314:"A "chilling effect" describes a situation in which speech or conduct is inhibited or discouraged by fear of penalization, prompting self-censorship and therefore hampering free speech. 3 A law or police action need not explicitly prohibit legitimate speech to create a chilling effect; the actions of the government must merely pose an undue burden and deterrent effect on freedom of expression. 4 "
796:
For to distrust the judgement and the honesty of one who hath but a common repute in learning and never yet offended, as not to count him fit to print his mind without a tutor or examiner, lest he should drop a schism or something of corruption, is the greatest displeasure and indignity to a free and
766:
where the constitutionality of a criminal law prohibiting the publication of literature depicting illicit drug use was challenged. The court found that the law had a "chilling effect" on legitimate forms of expression and could stifle political debate on issues such as the legalization of marijuana.
1043:
A two-part survey of 160 college students involved in dating relationships ... . This chilling effect was greater when individuals who generally feared conflict anticipated aggressive repercussions (p < .001), and when people anticipated symbolic aggression from relationally independent partners
728:
or threat of coercion (or other unpleasantries) can have a chilling effect on a group of people regarding a specific behavior, and often can be statistically measured or be plainly observed. For example, the news headline "Flood insurance spikes have chilling effect on some home sales," and the
839:
case, however, did not center around a law that explicitly stifles free speech. The "chilling effect" referred to at the time was a "deterrent effect" on freedom of expression—even when there is no law explicitly prohibiting it. However, in general, the term "chilling effect" is also used in
774:'s case in Turkey, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) said that Turkey's mis-use of counter-terrorism measures can have a chilling effect on the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms and human rights.
1880:
709:; any legal action that would cause people to hesitate to exercise a legitimate right (freedom of speech or otherwise) for fear of legal repercussions. When that fear is brought about by the threat of a
729:
abstract title of a two-part survey of 160 college students involved in dating relationships: "The chilling effect of aggressive potential on the expression of complaints in intimate relationships."
997:
1258:
Justice
Brennan reported having written a 1965 decision striking down a state's intrusion on civil liberty because of its "chilling effect upon the exercise of First Amendment rights..."
805:
has been in use in the United States since as early as 1950. The United States
Supreme Court first refers to the "chilling effect" in the context of the United States Constitution in
1246:
331:
767:
The court noted that it did not adopt the same "chilling effect" analysis used in
American law but considered the chilling effect of the law as a part of its own analysis.
819:
1025:
Cloven, Denise H.; Roloff, Michael E. (1993). "The
Chilling Effect of Aggressive Potential on The Expression of Complaints in Intimate Relationships".
1005:
1875:
684:
658:
705:
by the threat of legal sanction. A chilling effect may be caused by legal actions such as the passing of a law, the decision of a court, or the
1715:
939:
718:
859:
of the readers, as shown by the fact that there were substantially fewer views for articles related to terrorism and security. The court case
257:
1412:
976:
303:
832:) which overturned a law requiring a postal patron receiving "communist political propaganda" to specifically authorize the delivery.
3058:
759:
A chilling effect is an effect that reduces, suppresses, discourages, delays, or otherwise retards reporting concerns of any kind.
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reference to laws or actions that may not explicitly prohibit legitimate speech, but rather impose undue burden on speech.
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1941:
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Realtors say already causing home sales to fall through when buyers realize they can't afford the flood insurance.
724:"Chilling" in this context normally implies an undesirable slowing. Outside the legal context in common usage; any
609:
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31:
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2400:
2301:
614:
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program was collecting data on people reading
Knowledge articles. This revelation had significant impact on the
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1056:"censorship-reports-striking-a-balance-hate-speech-freedom-of-expression-and-nondiscrimination-1992-431-pp".
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refers to the stifling effect that vague or excessively broad laws may have on legitimate speech activity.
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717:. A lawsuit initiated specifically for the purpose of creating a chilling effect may be called a
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1191:"4 Vanderbilt Law Review 533, at 539 (1950–1951): The Supreme Court and Civil Liberties"
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2013:
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An example of the "chilling effect" in
Canadian case law can be found in
1373:
Chilling The
Internet? Lessons from FCC Regulation of Radio Broadcasting
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1951:
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However, the term is also now commonly used outside
American legal
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is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of
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2349:
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27:
Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
1123:
Iorfida v. MacIntyre, 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC) at para. 37, <
998:"Flood insurance spikes have chilling effect on some home sales"
3027:
2880:
2625:
2516:
2511:
2457:
2128:
1095:
Iorfida v. MacIntyre, 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)at para. 20, <
749:
1409:, containing many current examples of alleged chilling effects
2968:
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2659:
2462:
1961:
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1376:
1294:"Put it on Ice: Chilling Free Speech at National Conventions"
710:
1406:
2850:
2798:
2654:
2052:
1968:
1129:
1101:
962:
chilling effect. (n.d.). Retrieved
October 19, 2011, from
1922:
1326:"Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Knowledge Use"
1891:
843:
814:
It, however, became further used as a legal term when
1271:"LAMONT V. POSTMASTER GENERAL, 381 U. S. 301 (1965)"
752:, such as the chilling effects of high prices or of
3123:
786:expressed the chilling effect of censorship in
659:Internet censorship and surveillance by country
992:
990:
940:Strategic lawsuit against public participation
719:strategic lawsuit against public participation
1907:
1433:
1204:"The Chilling Effect in Constitutional Law".
1153:"OHCHR | Press briefing notes on Turkey"
1020:
1018:
964:http://law.yourdictionary.com/chilling-effect
678:
1243:"Safire Urges Federal Journalist Shield Law"
1024:
987:
851:disclosed in 2013 that the US government's
1914:
1900:
1440:
1426:
1367:, vol. 35, no. 1 (Fall 2021), pp. 267-307.
1015:
685:
671:
1298:Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality
3059:History of the American legal profession
1396:, vol. 106, no. 3 (2022), pp. 1451-1530.
1386:The Chilling Effect of English libel law
797:knowing spirit that can be put upon him.
1291:
14:
3124:
1323:
1263:
1240:
1895:
1421:
1365:Harvard Journal of Law and Technology
974:
1292:Rissman, Joshua (February 3, 2017).
1126:"CanLII - 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)"
1098:"CanLII - 1994 CanLII 7341 (ON SC)"
844:Chilling effects on Knowledge users
24:
1362:"The Myth of the Chilling Effect."
1354:
1188:
1004:. October 15, 2013. Archived from
826:, used it in a judicial decision (
25:
3153:
2043:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1413:Terms associated with libel cases
1400:
1391:"Understanding Chilling Effects."
1241:Safire, William (July 20, 2005).
975:Green, Allen (October 15, 2009).
3090:
3089:
3075:
69:
32:Chilling effect (disambiguation)
3054:History of the legal profession
1330:Berkeley Technology Law Journal
1317:
1285:
1234:
1197:
1182:
1062:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-2210-0079
1447:
1159:
1145:
1117:
1089:
1049:
968:
956:
13:
1:
1247:Center For Individual Freedom
950:
1371:Cato Policy Analysis No. 270
1324:Penney, Jonathon W. (2016).
1142:> retrieved on 2011-10-25
1114:> retrieved on 2011-10-25
829:Lamont v. Postmaster General
654:Freedom of speech by country
7:
868:
862:Wikimedia Foundation v. NSA
824:United States Supreme Court
10:
3158:
3142:American legal terminology
2721:International legal theory
2200:International slavery laws
2195:International human rights
2190:International criminal law
777:
36:
29:
3069:
3046:
2936:
2774:Administration of justice
2759:
2668:
2559:
2438:
2340:
2061:
1929:
1851:
1751:
1561:
1455:
1039:10.1080/03637759309376309
2551:Basic structure doctrine
2401:Natural and legal rights
2282:Public international law
1609:Content-control software
1214:(5): 808–842. May 1969.
1027:Communication Monographs
977:"Banish the libel chill"
732:
703:natural and legal rights
37:Not to be confused with
2731:Principle of typicality
2205:International trade law
1921:
1864:Chinese issues overseas
1178:Appleton-Century-Crofts
772:Ă–mer Faruk GergerlioÄźlu
1838:Suppression of dissent
1382:March 2, 2021, at the
1077:Cite journal requires
1008:on November 19, 2013.
1002:WWL‑TV Eyewitness News
890:Democratic backsliding
799:
713:lawsuit, it is called
697:In a legal context, a
3137:Freedom of expression
2726:Principle of legality
2485:Delegated legislation
2185:Intellectual property
1604:Conspiracy of silence
1594:Collateral censorship
1519:Speech and expression
1377:Libel Reform Campaign
905:Malicious prosecution
794:
737:In United States and
62:Censorship by country
18:Chilling effect (law)
2944:Barristers' chambers
2886:Legal representation
2824:Justice of the peace
2170:Financial regulation
1881:Muhammad controversy
1818:Naturalistic fallacy
1726:computer and network
1394:Minnesota Law Review
1389:Penney, Jonathon W.
945:Vexatious litigation
865:has since followed.
764:Iorfida v. MacIntyre
605:United Arab Emirates
30:For other uses, see
2979:Election commission
2691:Expressive function
2220:Landlord–tenant law
2119:Consumer protection
1876:Internet censorship
1207:Columbia Law Review
808:Wieman v. Updegraff
707:threat of a lawsuit
254:Democratic Republic
2937:Legal institutions
2804:Lawsuit/Litigation
2794:Dispute resolution
2599:Catholic canon law
2307:State of emergency
2270:Will and testament
1994:Law of obligations
1947:Constitutional law
1937:Administrative law
1813:Moralistic fallacy
1551:banned video games
1534:banned televisions
925:Political prisoner
910:Media transparency
816:William J. Brennan
3119:
3118:
2779:Constitutionalism
2701:Law and economics
2539:Act of parliament
2277:Product liability
2230:Legal archaeology
2155:Environmental law
2149:Entertainment law
1989:International law
1889:
1888:
1871:Freedom of speech
1716:Strategic lawsuit
1666:National intranet
1614:Damnatio memoriae
1176:(1951), page 29,
695:
694:
291:Dutch East Indies
16:(Redirected from
3149:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3080:
3079:
2903:Question of fact
2784:Criminal justice
2114:Construction law
2109:Conflict of laws
2074:Agricultural law
1916:
1909:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1828:Propaganda model
1456:Media regulation
1442:
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1428:
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1349:
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1338:10.15779/z38ss13
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1189:Freund, Paul A.
1186:
1180:
1174:George H. Sabine
1163:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1132:on July 13, 2012
1128:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
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1111:
1109:
1104:on July 13, 2012
1100:. Archived from
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915:Opinion corridor
743:chilling effects
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3033:Political party
3006:Legal education
2994:Law enforcement
2974:Court of equity
2932:
2908:Question of law
2861:Practice of law
2841:Judicial review
2755:
2706:Legal formalism
2686:Comparative law
2681:Contract theory
2664:
2584:Legal pluralism
2555:
2544:Act of Congress
2468:Executive order
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2255:Nationality law
2180:Immigration law
2104:Competition law
2057:
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1920:
1890:
1885:
1847:
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1706:Self-censorship
1681:Prior restraint
1671:Newspaper theft
1656:Internet police
1589:Chilling effect
1579:Broadcast delay
1557:
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1384:Wayback Machine
1357:
1355:Further reading
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935:Self-censorship
930:Prior restraint
920:Paper terrorism
880:Culture of fear
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2111:
2106:
2101:
2099:Commercial law
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1743:Word filtering
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1651:Heckler's veto
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1401:External links
1399:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1374:
1368:
1360:Bedi, Suneal.
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1316:
1284:
1262:
1233:
1196:
1181:
1158:
1144:
1116:
1088:
1079:|journal=
1048:
1033:(3): 199–219.
1014:
986:
967:
954:
952:
949:
948:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
895:Fear mongering
892:
887:
885:Cancel culture
882:
877:
870:
867:
849:Edward Snowden
845:
842:
779:
776:
754:corrupt police
734:
731:
693:
692:
690:
689:
682:
675:
667:
664:
663:
662:
661:
656:
648:
647:
643:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
610:United Kingdom
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
481:Russian Empire
472:
459:
454:
449:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
354:
341:
336:
323:
318:
313:
308:
295:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
241:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
196:Czech Republic
193:
188:
183:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
75:
74:
66:
65:
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3154:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Civil society
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2923:Trier of fact
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Legal opinion
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Court-martial
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2761:Jurisprudence
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Statutory law
2648:
2646:
2645:Socialist law
2643:
2639:
2638:Byzantine law
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:Religious law
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2561:Legal systems
2558:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2529:Statutory law
2527:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:Statutory law
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Transport law
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Legal fiction
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Financial law
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Corporate law
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:Statutory law
2046:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:Core subjects
1928:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1843:Systemic bias
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Student media
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:circumvention
1490:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1148:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1044:(p < .05).
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
991:
982:
978:
971:
965:
959:
955:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
866:
864:
863:
858:
854:
850:
841:
838:
833:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
809:
804:
798:
793:
791:
790:
785:
775:
773:
768:
765:
760:
757:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
730:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
688:
683:
681:
676:
674:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
649:
645:
644:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:United States
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
554:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
486:
482:
476:
473:
469:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
446:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
345:
342:
340:
337:
333:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
305:
299:
296:
292:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
245:
242:
238:
237:Ancien RĂ©gime
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
180:
176:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
84:
83:
77:
76:
72:
68:
67:
64:
59:
58:
54:
48:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3108:
3101:
3087:
3073:
2846:Jurisdiction
2814:Legal remedy
2769:Adjudication
2669:Legal theory
2507:Ratification
2502:Promulgation
2473:Proclamation
2453:Codification
2386:Human rights
2374:Divine right
2364:Constitution
2332:Women in law
2250:Military law
2245:Marriage law
2240:Maritime law
2139:Election law
2079:Aviation law
2069:Abortion law
2021:Property law
1957:Criminal law
1738:Whitewashing
1721:Surveillance
1701:Sanitization
1676:Pixelization
1588:
1574:Book burning
1480:banned films
1468:books banned
1393:
1364:
1341:. Retrieved
1329:
1319:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1265:
1257:
1250:. Retrieved
1236:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1184:
1172:, edited by
1170:Areopagitica
1161:
1147:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:the original
1119:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1091:
1070:cite journal
1051:
1042:
1030:
1026:
1009:
1006:the original
1001:
981:The Guardian
980:
970:
958:
860:
847:
836:
834:
827:
813:
806:
802:
800:
795:
789:Areopagitica
787:
781:
769:
763:
761:
758:
747:
742:
739:Canadian law
736:
723:
714:
698:
696:
527:South Africa
502:Saudi Arabia
485:Soviet Union
43:
3018:Legislature
2949:Bureaucracy
2746:Rule of man
2741:Rule of law
2716:Libertarian
2579:Chinese law
2480:Legislation
2430:Regulations
2418:Law reports
2396:Natural law
2292:Reparations
2287:Refugee law
2210:Jurimetrics
2151:(Media law)
2089:Banking law
2084:Amnesty law
2062:Disciplines
1999:Private law
1803:LGBT issues
1798:Ideological
1786:Hate speech
1711:Speech code
1696:Revisionism
1661:Memory hole
1631:Expurgation
1624:Minced oath
1584:Censor bars
1546:Video games
1529:Televisions
1166:John Milton
1136:October 25,
1108:October 25,
784:John Milton
741:, the term
715:libel chill
542:South Sudan
537:South Korea
434:Philippines
414:North Korea
399:New Zealand
332:World War I
216:El Salvador
3132:Censorship
3126:Categories
3011:Law school
2891:Prosecutor
2829:Magistrate
2616:Jewish law
2574:Common law
2495:Rulemaking
2490:Regulation
2440:Law making
2379:Divine law
2355:Legal code
2302:Sports law
2225:Law of war
2175:Health law
2160:Family law
2144:Energy law
2094:Bankruptcy
2031:Punishment
2026:Public law
1859:Censorship
1852:By country
1808:Media bias
1686:Propaganda
1449:Censorship
1343:August 20,
1304:(2): 413.
951:References
875:Censorship
770:Regarding
532:South Asia
129:Bangladesh
119:Azerbaijan
2989:Judiciary
2984:Executive
2959:The bench
2896:Solicitor
2871:Barrister
2751:Sociology
2736:Pseudolaw
2676:Anarchist
2633:Roman law
2621:Parsi law
2606:Hindu law
2594:Canon law
2569:Civil law
2522:Concordat
2413:Precedent
2322:Trust law
2297:Space law
2134:Drugs law
2004:Procedure
1942:Civil law
1833:Religious
1764:Corporate
1641:Gag order
1619:Euphemism
1599:Concision
1310:0737-089X
811:in 1952.
801:The term
721:(SLAPP).
620:Venezuela
560:Sri Lanka
553:Francoist
512:Singapore
468:Communist
445:Communist
404:Nicaragua
285:Indonesia
270:Guatemala
175:Hong Kong
109:Australia
79:Countries
3096:Category
3038:Tribunal
3023:Military
2866:Attorney
2836:Judgment
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580:Thailand
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1138:2011
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191:Cuba
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