358:
305:
391:
1238:
1272:
906:
131:
845:
1255:
836:(IUGS) included the 'Cambrian Chengjiang fossil site and lagerstätte' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an 'IUGS Geological Heritage Site' as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'
882:. The Yuanshan Member is extensive, covering multiple 10,000 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi) of eastern Yunnan Province, where there are many scattered outcrops yielding fossils. Studies of the strata are consistent with a tropical environment with sea level changes and tectonic activity. The region is believed to have been a shallow sea with a muddy bottom. The preserved fauna is primarily
890:, since most fossils do not show evidence of post-mortem transport. Like the younger Burgess Shale fossils, the paleo-environment enabled preservation of non-mineralized, soft body parts. Fossils are found in thin layers less than an inch thick. The soft parts are preserved as aluminosilicate films, often with high oxidized iron content and often exhibiting exquisite details.
1186:. Brachiopods are the most abundant species, followed by trilobites. Other species belong to sponges, chancelloriids, cnidarians, ctenophores, priapulids, lobopodians, arthropods, anomalocaridids, hyoliths, molluscs, brachiopods, echinoderms, algae and vetulicolians. There are also the earliest-known eocrinoids, unidentified soft-bodied animals and abundant trace fossils.
776:. Since then, the locality has been intensively studied by scientists throughout the world, yielding a constant flow of new discoveries and triggering an extensive scientific debate surrounding the interpretation of discoveries. Over this time, taxa have been revised or reassigned to different groups. Interpretations have led to many refinements of the
791:
The
Chengjiang biota has all the animal groups found in the Burgess Shale; however, since it is ten million years older, it more strongly supports the deduction that metazoans diversified earlier or faster in the early Cambrian than does the Burgess Shale fauna alone. The preservation of an extremely
924:
The
Chengjiang biota comprises an extremely diverse faunal assembly, with some 185 species described in the literature as of June 2006. Of these, nearly half are arthropods, few of which had the hard, mineral-reinforced exoskeletons characteristic of all later arthropoda; only about 3% of the
823:
One of the most intriguing locations of the
Chengjiang biota is the Haiyan Lagerstätte where hundreds of juvenile specimens have been found. This unique location offers insights into the development of most animal groups and as such is a unique deposit in the Cambrian.
925:
organisms known from
Chengjiang have hard shells. Most of those are the trilobites (of which there are five species), all of which have been found with traces of legs, antennae, and other soft body parts, an exceedingly rare occurrence in the fossil record. Phylum
1116:
by D.G. Shu et al. (Shu 2001). Another researcher places them with the urochordates, based on putative affinity with the phylum
Chordata. They are thought to have been swimmers that either were filter feeders or detritivores.
1575:
Shu, D. G.; Conway Morris, S.; Han, J.; Chen, L.; Zhang, X. L.; Zhang, Z. F.; Liu, H. Q.; Li, Y.; Liu, J. N. (2001-11-22). "Primitive deuterostomes from the
Chengjiang Lagerstätte (Lower Cambrian, China)".
1884:
Yang, X.; Kimmig, J.; Zhai, D.; Liu, Y.; Kimmig, S. R.; Peng, S. (2021). "A juvenile-rich palaeocommunity of the lower
Cambrian Chengjiang biota sheds light on palaeo-boom or palaeo-bust environments".
642:. The Maotianshan Shales form one of some forty Cambrian fossil locations worldwide exhibiting exquisite preservation of rarely preserved, non-mineralized soft tissue, comparable to the fossils of the
1170:
The
Chengjiang biota is believed to have inhabited a delta front environment rich in oxygen, with high sedimentation rates and major fluctuations in salinity being the main environmental stressors.
763:
Although fossils from the region have been known from the early part of the 10th century, Chengjiang was first recognized for its exquisite states of preservation with the 1984 discovery of the
2261:
Saleh, Farid; Qi, Changshi; Buatois, Luis A.; Mángano, M. Gabriela; Paz, Maximiliano; Vaucher, Romain; Zheng, Quanfeng; Hou, Xian-Guang; Gabbott, Sarah E.; Ma, Xiaoya (23 March 2022).
2844:
Shu, D. G.; Conway Morris, S.; Han, J.; Chen, L.; Zhang, X. L.; Zhang, Z. F.; et al. (2001). "Primitive deuterostomes from the
Chengjiang Lagerstatte (Lower Cambrian, China)".
792:
diverse faunal assemblage renders the
Maotianshan shale the world's most important for understanding the evolution of early multi-cellular life, particularly the members of phylum
1178:
Located at the Yunnan Province of South China, the Guanshan biota are also Burgess shale-type fossils but slightly younger than the Chengjian biota, and is dated to 515–510
2889:
Shu, D.; Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, Z. F.; Liu, J. N.; Han, J.; Chen, L.; et al. (2003). "A new species of yunnanozoan with implications for deuterostome evolution".
832:
In respect of 'the Chengjiang fossils represent an uparalleled record of the fundamentally important rapid diversification of metazoan life in the early Cambrian', the
988:
About one in eight animals are problematic forms of uncertain affinity, some of which may have been evolutionary experiments that survived for only a brief period as
3359:
2963:
Shu, D. G.; Conway Morris, S.; Han, J.; Li, Y.; Zhang, X. L.; Hua, H.; et al. (2006). "Lower Cambrian vendobionts from China and early diploblast evolution".
2807:
Shu, D-G; Luo, H-L; Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, X-L; Hu, S-X; Chen, L.; Han, J.; Zhu, M.; Li, Y; et al. (1999). "Lower Cambrian Vertebrates from South China".
879:
2498:"Anatomy and relationships of the fuxianhuiid euarthropod Guangweicaris from the early Cambrian Guanshan Biota in Kunming, Yunnan, Southwest China revisited"
3432:
1375:
3509:
2794:
1163:
3534:
875:
2742:
2637:
1947:
2417:
2374:"New occurrence of the Guanshan Lagerstätte (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) in the Kunming area, Yunnan, southwest China, with records of new taxa"
1197:
3352:
2322:"First report on Guanshan Biota (Cambrian Stage 4) at the stratotype area of Wulongqing Formation in Malong County, Eastern Yunnan, China"
3165:
2440:"Soft-Part Preservation in a Linguliform Brachiopod from the Lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation (Guanshan Fauna) of Yunnan, South China"
1189:
The Guanshan biota are regarded as successors of the Chengjian biota, and share many species. The unique species include arthropods like
2926:
Shu, D. G.; Conway Morris, S.; Han, J.; Zhang, Z. F.; Liu, J. N. (2004). "Ancestral echinoderms from the Chengjiang deposits of China".
2051:
1474:
Rozanov, A. Yu.; Maoyan Zhu, K. L. Pak and P. Yu. Parkhaev (2008). "The 2nd Sino-Russian Symposium on the Lower Cambrian Subdivision".
919:
833:
3211:
3345:
2579:
2527:
1972:
Gaines, R. R.; Briggs, D. E. G.; Yuanlong, Z. (2008). "Cambrian Burgess Shale–type deposits share a common mode of fossilization".
2475:
2210:"New tubicolous problematic fossil with some "lophophorate" affinities from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota in south China"
1429:
Zhang, X.; Liu, W.; Zhao, Y. (2008). "Cambrian Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätten in South China: Distribution and significance".
3489:
1410:
1838:
2007:
Zhang, X. G.; Bergström, J.; Bromley, R. G.; Hou, X. G. (2007). "Diminutive trace fossils in the Chengjiang Lagerstätte".
1128:, the alleged predatory terror of the early Cambrian, was the most famous, although that species is later reclassified to
3524:
2660:"New observations on Vetulicola longbaoshanensis from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Biota (Series 2, Stage 4), South China"
1684:
Saleh, Farid; Ma, Xiaoya; Guenser, Pauline; Mángano, M. Gabriela; Buatois, Luis A.; Antcliffe, Jonathan B. (2022-08-23).
1167:
had a tubicolous shell which probably was biomineralized. It shares some affinities with cornulitids and lophophorates.
2767:
Conway-Morris, S. (2003). "The Cambrian "explosion" of metazoans and molecular biology: would Darwin be satisfied?".
17:
253:
214:
3494:
604:
3008:
Waloszek, D.; Maas, A. (2005). "The evolutionary history of crustacean segmentation: a fossil-based perspective".
2106:
Smith, M. R. (2013). "Nectocaridid ecology, diversity and affinity: early origin of a cephalopod-like body plan".
3519:
3368:
1120:
Some two dozen animals from the Chengjiang biota are problematic regarding phylogenetic assignment. Among these,
869:
1854:
1328:
3125:"Evidence for a single median fin-fold and tail in the Lower Cambrian vertebrate, Haikouichthys ercaicunensis"
1095:, but differs in several aspects: It has a discernible heart, dorsal and ventral aorta, gill filaments, and a
3204:
551:
3090:"Reconsideration of the supposed naraoiid larva from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China"
1237:
3183:
207:
1271:
2714:
2601:
1744:
1210:
3529:
1936:
3504:
2373:
1204:
1451:
3197:
1839:"Wonderful strife: systematics, stem groups, and the phylogenetic signal of the Cambrian radiation"
1108:, represented by seven species from Chengjiang. Originally described as crustacean arthropods, the
1077:, possessing many of the characteristic chordate features and providing an anatomical link between
479:
3514:
2800:
1254:
3499:
2797:;Feng, Xiang-Hong 2004; The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjang, China, Blackwell Science Ltd, 233 pp.
1686:"Probability-based preservational variations within the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China)"
816:'s best data source for understanding the apparently rapid diversification of life known as the
2108:
1446:
747:
Along with the Burgess Shale, the Maotianshan Shales are remarked as "our best window into the
154:
3169:
2600:
Huilin, Luo; Xiaoping, Fu; Shixue, Hu; Yong, Li; Liangzhong, Chen; Ting, You; Qi, Liu (2005).
1400:
3468:
2267:
1303:
1083:
910:
3101:
2972:
2853:
2816:
2671:
2613:
2385:
2333:
2276:
2221:
2166:
2117:
2072:
2016:
1981:
1894:
1795:
1648:
1585:
1533:
1483:
1438:
1343:
597:
570:
422:
2787:
1745:"Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna –a Lower Cambrian soft-bodied biota"
8:
2063:
2050:
Zhao, F. C.; Smith, M. R.; Yin, Z.-J.; Zeng, H.; Hu, S.-X; Li, G.-X.; Zhu, M.-Y. (2015).
3105:
2976:
2857:
2820:
2675:
2617:
2549:
2389:
2337:
2280:
2225:
2170:
2121:
2076:
2020:
1985:
1898:
1799:
1652:
1589:
1537:
1520:
Hu, ShiXue; Zhu, MaoYan; Steiner, Michael; Luo, HuiLin; Zhao, FangChen; Liu, Qi (2010).
1487:
1442:
1347:
1039:
Perhaps the most important fossils from Chengjiang are eight possible members of phylum
3458:
3071:
3046:
3033:
2996:
2951:
2914:
2877:
2832:
2734:
2730:
2695:
2629:
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2409:
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2237:
2190:
2133:
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1918:
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1819:
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1720:
1685:
1617:
1557:
1499:
1367:
1293:
817:
748:
519:
382:
2439:
992:
environments rapidly changed in the Cambrian. Chengjiang is the richest source of the
3397:
3321:
3238:
3146:
3141:
3124:
3076:
3025:
3021:
2988:
2943:
2906:
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2413:
2401:
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2209:
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2182:
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1811:
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1707:
1666:
1609:
1601:
1561:
1549:
1521:
1503:
1406:
1371:
1359:
1298:
887:
679:
341:
288:
3037:
2918:
2738:
2471:
2137:
1870:
1823:
390:
3463:
3407:
3279:
3274:
3263:
3136:
3109:
3066:
3058:
3017:
3000:
2980:
2955:
2935:
2898:
2881:
2861:
2836:
2824:
2726:
2679:
2621:
2561:
2509:
2451:
2393:
2341:
2320:
Chen, Feiyang; Zhang, Zhifei; Betts, Marissa J.; Zhang, Zhiliang; Liu, Fan (2019).
2292:
2284:
2229:
2174:
2157:
2125:
2080:
2024:
1989:
1902:
1850:
1803:
1756:
1715:
1697:
1656:
1621:
1593:
1541:
1491:
1456:
1351:
1183:
894:
702:
647:
144:
42:
3337:
2397:
3412:
2233:
1522:"Biodiversity and taphonomy of the Early Cambrian Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan"
729:
590:
440:
1473:
874:
The fossils occur in a section of mudstone 50 metres (160 ft) thick in the
2288:
1906:
1661:
1636:
1137:
1045:
714:
471:
246:
135:
Outcrop of the Maotianshan Shale, site of the discovery of the Chengjiang Biota
2683:
2346:
2321:
2084:
1783:
1545:
1495:
905:
634:
3483:
3427:
3417:
3392:
3382:
2691:
2463:
2405:
1862:
1815:
1768:
1711:
1670:
1605:
1553:
1460:
1363:
1222:
1191:
1144:
1078:
1059:
1032:
1014:
950:
849:
813:
785:
701:
sites in Chengjiang. The age of the Chengjiang Lagerstätte is locally termed
643:
638:, deposits known for the exceptional preservation of fossilized organisms or
511:
417:
407:
268:
255:
229:
216:
82:
38:
3114:
3089:
2984:
2902:
2207:
130:
3422:
3402:
3316:
3233:
3150:
3080:
3062:
3029:
2992:
2947:
2910:
2873:
2780:
2566:
2550:"A new euarthropod from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China"
2514:
2438:
Hu, Shixue; Zhang, Zhifei; Holmer, Lars E.; Skovsted, Christian B. (2010).
2306:
2186:
1914:
1729:
1613:
1329:"Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China"
1123:
1113:
1074:
1050:
1026:
1020:
997:
989:
958:
938:
857:
844:
639:
526:
462:
2455:
3448:
3243:
1278:
1261:
1216:
1069:
1002:
934:
893:
The Chengjiang beds are very deeply weathered, as evidenced by their low
809:
805:
797:
781:
646:
of British Columbia, Canada. They take their name from Maotianshan Hill (
576:
448:
57:
3045:
Xian-guang, H.; Aldridge, R. J.; Siveter, D. J.; Xiang-hong, F. (2002).
2939:
2178:
1702:
1355:
1102:
At present, there is no agreement as to the systematic placement of the
3453:
3300:
3047:"New evidence on the anatomy and phylogeny of the earliest vertebrates"
1807:
1244:
1158:
1104:
1008:
981:
946:
930:
768:
764:
706:
565:
498:
455:
102:
67:
1993:
658:
655:
652:
3258:
3248:
2865:
1597:
1154:
1150:
1096:
993:
962:
777:
773:
752:
719:
493:
107:
51:
933:(16 species) are also well represented. Other phyla represented are
3220:
3044:
2602:"New Vetulicoliids from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Fauna, Kunming"
2153:"Hallucigenia's onychophoran-like claws and the case for Tactopoda"
1130:
1088:
1040:
970:
966:
954:
942:
926:
861:
801:
793:
626:
504:
487:
195:
97:
92:
77:
72:
62:
3189:
2828:
2129:
3311:
3295:
3290:
2801:
Preservation, Taphonomy and Palaeoecology of the Chengjiang Biota
1043:, the phylum to which all vertebrates belong. The most famous is
975:
883:
710:
112:
87:
1091:-like chordate. This fish-like animal has many similarities to
897:(i.e., they are very lightweight). Trace fossils are abundant.
854:
698:
693:
The most famous assemblage of organisms are referred to as the
683:
663:
345:
292:
27:
Series of Early Cambrian deposits in the Chiungchussu Formation
1327:
Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J. (2018).
2372:
Zhao, Jun; Li, Yujing; Selden, Paul A.; Cong, Peiyun (2020).
687:
629:
363:
310:
185:
2208:
Xianfeng, Y.; Vinn, O.; Xianguang, H.; Xinglei, T. (2013).
1855:
10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0094:WSSSGA]2.0.CO;2
1742:
1179:
3088:
Zhang, X.; Han, J.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, H.; Shu, D. (2003).
2925:
2888:
2806:
2599:
2006:
1398:
914:, Maotianshan Shales, Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province
2843:
2793:
Hou, Xian-Guang; Aldridge, Richard J., Bengstrom, Jan;
1743:
Xianguang, Hou; Ramsköld, Lars; Bergström, Jan (1991).
1574:
2712:
2263:"The Chengjiang Biota inhabited a deltaic environment"
2152:
758:
2962:
2437:
2260:
2150:
1683:
800:. The Chengjiang fossils comprise the oldest diverse
2378:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
1971:
3367:
2715:"New Early Cambrian Chordates from Haikou, Kunming"
2319:
2201:
2713:Huilin, Luo; Shixue, Hu; Liangzhong, Chen (2010).
780:of groups and even the erection of the new phylum
744:in Hubei, and sponge faunas of Guizhou and Anhui.
1883:
3481:
3087:
2371:
2049:
1837:Briggs, Derek E. G.; Fortey, Richard A. (2005).
1112:were later erected as a new phylum of primitive
827:
632:in the Chiungchussu Formation, famous for their
1519:
1424:
1422:
1326:
724:. The shales also contain the slightly younger
164:multiple 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi)
1937:"The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites"
3353:
3205:
2766:
839:
598:
3007:
1944:IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage
1877:
1836:
1428:
1419:
1049:, possibly a very primitive agnathid (i.e.,
2788:Fossils of the Chengjiang Maotianshan Shale
2658:Li, JinShu; Liu, JianNi; Ou, Qiang (2017).
2151:Smith, M. R.; Ortega Hernández, J. (2014).
673:
3360:
3346:
3212:
3198:
1965:
1467:
1322:
1320:
920:List of Chengjiang Biota species by phylum
834:International Union of Geological Sciences
605:
591:
129:
3510:Cambrian northern paleotemperate deposits
3140:
3113:
3070:
2565:
2513:
2345:
2296:
2056:from the Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte"
2000:
1719:
1701:
1660:
1634:
1450:
1402:Origin and early evolution of the Metazoa
3535:First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites
3122:
904:
843:
2719:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
2657:
2606:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
1317:
14:
3482:
2547:
1637:"Cambrian Chordates and Vetulicolians"
1064:, another primitive fish-like animal.
3341:
3193:
2548:Jiao, De guang; Du, Kunsheng (2022).
2495:
2367:
2365:
2105:
1024:(also known from the Burgess Shale),
1515:
1513:
3219:
1781:
1399:Lipps, J. H.; Signor, P. W (1992).
900:
759:History and scientific significance
24:
2803:- URL retrieved September 20, 2006
2790:- URL retrieved September 20, 2006
2760:
2731:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2001.tb00051.x
2626:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00860.x
2362:
1830:
1775:
1761:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00303.x
1628:
1568:
886:and was likely buried by periodic
389:
25:
3546:
3158:
3123:Zhang, X. G.; Hou, X. G. (2004).
1510:
1336:Journal of the Geological Society
1173:
1073:is considered to be the earliest
705:, a stage correlated to the late
3142:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00741.x
3022:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2005.05056.x
2496:Wu, Yichen; Liu, Jianni (2019).
2029:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00765.x
1270:
1253:
1236:
1142:. Shu (2006) recently described
1087:is described to be the earliest
1000:, with six genera represented:
356:
303:
55:
3369:Burgess Shale-type preservation
2745:from the original on 2022-10-14
2706:
2651:
2640:from the original on 2023-03-08
2593:
2582:from the original on 2023-03-18
2541:
2530:from the original on 2023-03-18
2489:
2478:from the original on 2023-03-18
2431:
2420:from the original on 2023-03-18
2313:
2254:
2144:
2099:
2043:
1953:from the original on 2022-10-27
1929:
1381:from the original on 2022-10-09
996:, a group including many early
870:Burgess shale type preservation
864:, Chengjiang Maotianshan Shales
751:", especially on the origin of
713:sequences of the middle of the
678:'Hat Sky Mountain') in
1887:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1736:
1677:
1635:McMenamin, Mark A. S. (2019).
1392:
668:
622:
13:
1:
2554:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2502:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2444:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2398:10.1080/03115518.2020.1781257
1310:
828:IUGS geological heritage site
552:Cambrian substrate revolution
3490:Geologic formations of China
2664:Science China Earth Sciences
2234:10.1080/11035897.2013.801035
1526:Science China Earth Sciences
772:, a soft-bodied relative of
247:Approximate paleocoordinates
7:
1784:"On the Phylum Vetulicolia"
1287:
697:for the multiple scattered
10:
3551:
3525:Maotianshan shales fossils
2289:10.1038/s41467-022-29246-z
1907:10.1038/s41559-021-01490-4
1662:10.3390/geosciences9080354
1229:
929:(sponges; 15 species) and
917:
867:
840:Preservation and taphonomy
812:transition and, thus, the
3441:
3375:
3227:
2684:10.1007/s11430-017-9088-y
2347:10.1016/j.gsf.2018.09.010
2085:10.1017/S0016756814000648
1546:10.1007/s11430-010-4086-9
1496:10.1134/S0031030108040151
1223:Zhongxiniscus intermedius
1205:Vetulicola gantoucunensis
651:
351:
337:
329:
321:
316:
298:
284:
245:
206:
201:
191:
181:
176:
168:
160:
150:
140:
128:
37:
32:
1788:Chinese Science Bulletin
1461:10.1016/j.gr.2007.06.008
850:Maotianshania cylindrica
3495:Cambrian System of Asia
3115:10.1111/1475-4983.00307
2985:10.1126/science.1124565
2903:10.1126/science.1079846
1476:Paleontological Journal
1217:Cathaymyrus haikouensis
722: million years ago
172:50 m (160 ft)
3520:Paleontology in Yunnan
3063:10.1098/rspb.2002.2104
2567:10.4202/app.00937.2021
2515:10.4202/app.00542.2018
915:
865:
717:. The shales date to ≤
635:Konservat Lagerstätten
394:
155:Chiungchussu Formation
3469:Llanfallteg Formation
3442:Ordovician localities
2456:10.4202/app.2009.1106
2268:Nature Communications
1153:missing link between
1084:Haikouella lanceolata
918:Further information:
911:Haikouella lanceolata
908:
868:Further information:
847:
804:assemblage above the
796:, which includes all
539:Evolutionary concepts
393:
2326:Geoscience Frontiers
1157:fronds and Cambrian
880:Qiongzhusi Formation
749:Cambrian 'explosion'
630:sedimentary deposits
571:Convergent evolution
41:: Cambrian Stage 3,
3376:Cambrian localities
3186:at fossilmuseum.net
3106:2003Palgy..46..447Z
3057:(1503): 1865–1869.
2977:2006Sci...312..731S
2940:10.1038/nature02648
2897:(5611): 1380–1384.
2858:2001Natur.414..419S
2821:1999Natur.402...42S
2676:2017ScChD..60.1795L
2618:2005AcGlS..79....1L
2390:2020Alch...44..343Z
2338:2019GeoFr..10.1459C
2281:2022NatCo..13.1569S
2226:2013GFF...135..184Y
2179:10.1038/nature13576
2171:2014Natur.514..363S
2122:2013Pbio...39..297S
2077:2015GeoM..152..378Z
2064:Geological Magazine
2021:2007TeNov..19..407Z
1986:2008Geo....36..755G
1899:2021NatEE...5.1082Y
1849:(2_Suppl): 94–112.
1800:2005ChSBu..50.2342S
1782:Shu, Degan (2005).
1703:10.7717/peerj.13869
1653:2019Geosc...9..354M
1590:2001Natur.414..419S
1538:2010ScChD..53.1765H
1488:2008PalJ...42..441R
1443:2008GondR..14..255Z
1356:10.1144/jgs2017-103
1348:2018JGSoc.175..659Y
1211:V. longbaoshanensis
1202:vetulicolians like
1182:falling within the
1070:Yunnanozoon lividum
375:Part of a series on
265: /
226: /
39:Stratigraphic range
3459:Fezouata Formation
3433:Zawiszyn Formation
1808:10.1007/BF03183746
1294:Geography of China
1214:.; chordates like
916:
888:turbidity currents
866:
818:Cambrian Explosion
625:) are a series of
619:Maotianshan Shales
520:Small shelly fauna
395:
383:Cambrian explosion
3530:Geography of Yuxi
3477:
3476:
3398:Kinzers Formation
3335:
3334:
3330:
3329:
2971:(5774): 731–734.
2934:(6998): 422–428.
2852:(6862): 419–424.
2795:Siveter, David J.
2670:(10): 1795–1804.
2165:(7522): 363–366.
2052:"First report of
1994:10.1130/G24961A.1
1794:(20): 2342–2354.
1749:Zoologica Scripta
1584:(6862): 419–424.
1532:(12): 1765–1773.
1431:Gondwana Research
1412:978-0-306-44067-0
1299:Stephen Jay Gould
680:Chengjiang County
676:
615:
614:
402:Fossil localities
369:
368:
342:Chengjiang County
289:Chengjiang County
33:Maotianshan Shale
18:Chengjiang Fossil
16:(Redirected from
3542:
3505:Shale formations
3464:Winneshiek Shale
3408:Poleta Formation
3362:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3230:
3229:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3184:Chengjiang Biota
3180:
3178:
3177:
3168:. Archived from
3154:
3144:
3135:(5): 1162–1166.
3119:
3117:
3084:
3074:
3041:
3004:
2959:
2922:
2885:
2866:10.1038/35106514
2840:
2784:
2775:(7–8): 505–515.
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2569:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2517:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2332:(4): 1459–1476.
2317:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2060:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1893:(8): 1082–1090.
1881:
1875:
1874:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1705:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1598:10.1038/35106514
1572:
1566:
1565:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1437:(1–2): 255–262.
1426:
1417:
1416:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1333:
1324:
1274:
1257:
1240:
1184:Cambrian Stage 4
1164:Cambrocornulitus
1140:maotianshanensis
1099:(neural chord).
901:Chengjiang fauna
895:specific gravity
858:nematomorph worm
723:
695:Chengjiang biota
677:
674:
670:
661:
624:
607:
600:
593:
371:
370:
362:
360:
359:
333:Maotianshan Hill
325:Maotianshan Hill
309:
307:
306:
280:
279:
277:
276:
275:
270:
266:
263:
262:
261:
258:
241:
240:
238:
237:
236:
231:
227:
224:
223:
222:
219:
133:
124:
54:
43:Qiongzhusian age
30:
29:
21:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3437:
3413:Qingjiang biota
3371:
3366:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3305:
3284:
3268:
3223:
3221:Cambrian Period
3218:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3161:
2815:(6757): 42–46.
2763:
2761:Further reading
2758:
2757:
2748:
2746:
2711:
2707:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2641:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2583:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2479:
2436:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2370:
2363:
2318:
2314:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2206:
2202:
2149:
2145:
2104:
2100:
2058:
2048:
2044:
2005:
2001:
1980:(10): 755–758.
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1882:
1878:
1835:
1831:
1780:
1776:
1741:
1737:
1682:
1678:
1633:
1629:
1573:
1569:
1518:
1511:
1472:
1468:
1452:10.1.1.852.2120
1427:
1420:
1413:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1266:
1258:
1249:
1241:
1232:
1176:
1081:and chordates.
922:
903:
876:Yuanshan Member
872:
842:
830:
761:
730:Malong District
718:
611:
582:
581:
540:
532:
531:
441:Ediacaran biota
436:
428:
427:
403:
357:
355:
304:
302:
273:
271:
267:
264:
259:
256:
254:
252:
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228:
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136:
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95:
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70:
65:
60:
49:
48:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Cambrian China
3497:
3492:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3438:
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3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
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3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3333:
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3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
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3277:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3160:
3159:External links
3157:
3156:
3155:
3120:
3085:
3042:
3016:(6): 515–527.
3005:
2960:
2923:
2886:
2841:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2769:Int J Dev Biol
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2725:(4): 345–348.
2705:
2650:
2592:
2540:
2488:
2450:(3): 495–505.
2430:
2384:(3): 343–355.
2361:
2312:
2253:
2220:(2): 184–190.
2200:
2143:
2116:(2): 291–321.
2098:
2071:(2): 378–382.
2042:
1999:
1964:
1928:
1876:
1829:
1774:
1755:(4): 395–411.
1735:
1676:
1627:
1567:
1509:
1482:(4): 441–446.
1466:
1418:
1411:
1391:
1342:(4): 659–666.
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1304:Wonderful Life
1296:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1175:
1174:Guanshan biota
1172:
1149:as a possible
1138:Innovatiocaris
1067:The enigmatic
1055:Myllokunmingia
1053:). Similar to
1046:Myllokunmingia
902:
899:
841:
838:
829:
826:
760:
757:
726:Guanshan biota
715:Early Cambrian
627:Early Cambrian
613:
612:
610:
609:
602:
595:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
573:
568:
562:
561:
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530:
529:
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522:
516:
515:
508:
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496:
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483:
482:
476:
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472:Vernanimalcula
468:
467:
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269:28.1°N 154.3°E
249:
243:
242:
230:26.7°N 108.4°E
210:
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35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3547:
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3508:
3506:
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3470:
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3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:Wheeler Shale
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Sirius Passet
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3393:Emu Bay Shale
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:Burgess Shale
3381:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3172:on 2005-10-24
3171:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3100:(3): 447–66.
3099:
3095:
3094:Palaeontology
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3051:Proc Biol Sci
3048:
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2834:
2830:
2829:10.1038/46965
2826:
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2160:
2159:
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2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:10.1666/12029
2127:
2123:
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2110:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
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2018:
2014:
2010:
2003:
1995:
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1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1949:
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1224:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1192:Guangweicaris
1187:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:Stromatoveris
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1115:
1114:deuterostomes
1111:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:invertebrates
1076:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1062:ercaicunensis
1061:
1060:Haikouichthys
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1033:Onychodictyon
1029:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:Cardiodictyon
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
999:
998:panarthropods
995:
991:
986:
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951:Echinodermata
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815:
814:fossil record
811:
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786:deuterostomes
784:of primitive
783:
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671:
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645:
644:Burgess Shale
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527:Helcionellids
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435:Key organisms
432:
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418:Sirius Passet
416:
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408:Burgess Shale
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40:
36:
31:
19:
3515:Lagerstätten
3423:Spence Shale
3403:Pioche Shale
3387:
3317:Jiangshanian
3234:Terreneuvian
3174:. Retrieved
3170:the original
3166:"Chengjiang"
3132:
3128:
3097:
3093:
3054:
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3013:
3009:
2968:
2964:
2931:
2927:
2894:
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2772:
2768:
2747:. Retrieved
2722:
2718:
2708:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2642:. Retrieved
2609:
2605:
2595:
2584:. Retrieved
2557:
2553:
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2505:
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2480:. Retrieved
2447:
2443:
2433:
2422:. Retrieved
2381:
2377:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2272:
2266:
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2217:
2213:
2203:
2162:
2156:
2146:
2113:
2109:Paleobiology
2107:
2101:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2045:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1943:
1931:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1846:
1843:Paleobiology
1842:
1832:
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1479:
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1469:
1434:
1430:
1405:. Springer.
1401:
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1339:
1335:
1302:
1277:
1260:
1247:longicaudata
1243:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1198:Astutuscaris
1196:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1169:
1162:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1124:Anomalocaris
1121:
1119:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1082:
1075:hemichordate
1068:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1051:jawless fish
1044:
1038:
1031:
1027:Microdictyon
1025:
1021:Hallucigenia
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
987:
980:
974:
959:Nematomorpha
939:Chaetognatha
923:
909:
892:
873:
848:
831:
822:
790:
767:
762:
746:
742:Shipai fauna
741:
740:in Guizhou,
738:Balang fauna
737:
733:
725:
703:Qiongzhusian
694:
692:
667:
633:
618:
616:
577:crown groups
510:
503:
486:
480:Burgess-type
470:
463:Kimberichnus
461:
454:
447:
412:
374:
317:Type section
3449:Castle Bank
3244:Miaolingian
3129:J Evol Biol
2275:(1): 1569.
1957:13 November
1641:Geosciences
1281:illecebrosa
1279:Leanchoilia
1262:Heliomedusa
1159:ctenophores
1147:psygmoglena
1003:Luolishania
969:. Possible
935:Brachiopoda
810:Phanerozoic
806:Proterozoic
798:vertebrates
782:Vetulicolia
734:Kaili biota
732:in Yunnan,
669:Màotiānshān
449:Dickinsonia
274:28.1; 154.3
272: /
235:26.7; 108.4
233: /
208:Coordinates
45:local stage
3484:Categories
3454:Soom Shale
3388:Chengjiang
3301:Guzhangian
3176:2005-11-22
2749:2023-03-18
2644:2023-03-18
2612:(1): 1–6.
2586:2023-03-18
2534:2023-03-18
2482:2023-03-18
2424:2023-03-18
2247:2014-06-11
2015:(6): 407.
2009:Terra Nova
1696:: e13869.
1647:(8): 354.
1385:2019-12-12
1311:References
1245:Misszhouia
1110:Vetulicola
1105:Vetulicola
1093:Y. lividum
1009:Paucipodia
982:Nectocaris
947:Ctenophora
931:Priapulida
774:trilobites
769:Misszhouia
707:Atdabanian
686:Province,
566:Cladistics
499:Halwaxiids
494:Radiodonts
456:Kimberella
423:Doushantuo
413:Chengjiang
3259:Fortunian
3249:Furongian
2700:135037211
2692:1674-7313
2634:129031316
2576:253068676
2524:201291723
2464:0567-7920
2414:221093834
2406:0311-5518
2356:134921385
2242:129033570
2195:205239797
2093:129654292
2037:129833092
1923:235674619
1863:0094-8373
1816:1001-6538
1769:0300-3256
1712:2167-8359
1671:2076-3263
1606:0028-0836
1562:128882075
1554:1674-7313
1504:129626166
1447:CiteSeerX
1372:135091168
1364:0016-7649
1155:Ediacaran
1151:bilateran
1097:notochord
994:Lobopodia
963:Phoronida
778:phylogeny
753:chordates
709:Stage in
575:Stem and
322:Named for
177:Lithology
169:Thickness
50:518
3322:Stage 10
3239:Series 2
3151:15312089
3081:12350247
3038:27327765
3030:16336406
3010:Evol Dev
2993:16675697
2948:15269760
2919:45702564
2911:12610301
2874:11719797
2781:14756326
2743:Archived
2739:84505454
2638:Archived
2580:Archived
2528:Archived
2476:Archived
2472:59439966
2418:Archived
2307:35322027
2187:25132546
2138:85744624
1948:Archived
1946:. IUGS.
1915:34183806
1871:44066226
1824:86827605
1730:36032952
1614:11719797
1376:Archived
1288:See also
1131:Houcaris
1089:craniate
1041:Chordata
973:include
971:molluscs
967:Chordata
955:Hyolitha
943:Cnidaria
927:Porifera
862:Cambrian
860:, Early
802:metazoan
794:Chordata
765:naraoiid
711:Siberian
505:Opabinia
488:Marrella
330:Location
260:154°18′E
221:108°24′E
202:Location
196:Mudstone
3312:Paibian
3296:Drumian
3291:Wuliuan
3280:Stage 4
3275:Stage 3
3264:Stage 2
3102:Bibcode
3072:1691108
3001:1235914
2973:Bibcode
2965:Science
2956:4421182
2891:Science
2882:4345484
2854:Bibcode
2837:4402854
2817:Bibcode
2672:Bibcode
2614:Bibcode
2386:Bibcode
2334:Bibcode
2298:8943010
2277:Bibcode
2222:Bibcode
2167:Bibcode
2118:Bibcode
2073:Bibcode
2054:Wiwaxia
2017:Bibcode
1982:Bibcode
1974:Geology
1895:Bibcode
1796:Bibcode
1721:9415357
1649:Bibcode
1622:4345484
1586:Bibcode
1534:Bibcode
1484:Bibcode
1439:Bibcode
1344:Bibcode
1264:orienta
1230:Gallery
1126:' saron
990:benthic
976:Wiwaxia
884:benthic
878:of the
648:Chinese
352:Country
299:Country
257:28°06′N
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640:traces
558:Themes
544:Trends
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346:Yunnan
338:Region
308:
293:Yunnan
285:Region
145:Member
3034:S2CID
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2952:S2CID
2915:S2CID
2878:S2CID
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1133:saron
728:from
688:China
623:帽天山页岩
364:China
311:China
192:Other
186:Shale
3147:PMID
3077:PMID
3026:PMID
2989:PMID
2944:PMID
2907:PMID
2870:PMID
2777:PMID
2688:ISSN
2460:ISSN
2402:ISSN
2303:PMID
2183:PMID
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