Charles the Bold - Knowledge

1749: 2203: 2423: 1453: 629: 2614: 874: 1382: 1154: 2026:, and the army suffered from the inefficient distribution of resources and slow movement. Having lived through a period of peace under Philip the Good, the army scarcely trained and was unprepared. Furthermore, in comparison to other armies of Europe, their structure was old and dated. To remedy these problems, Charles issued a series of military ordinances between 1468 and 1473, that not only would revolutionise the Burgundian army, but also would influence every European army in the 16th century. The first of these ordinances, addressed to the Marshal of Burgundy, contains instructions on who could be recruited to the army and describes the personnel of the artillery, namely, masons, assistants, 980:— formed to act against Louis' authority. They declared Charles of Berry the regent of France and appointed Francis II as the captain general of the army. With the threat of rebellion looming, Louis XI offered to pardon all the dukes and lords. Minor lords accepted the pardon, but the dukes persisted with their demands. The members of the league chose Charles of Charolais as their leader and began amassing their army. The League of the Public Weal became the most dangerous of a series of princely revolts against the French crown; one chronicle recorded the number of the participants to be seven dukes, twelve counts, two lords, one marshal and 51,000 men-at-arms against Louis XI. 1299: 2498: 2334: 996: 2062: 2077:, instead, he permitted each company of 900 to have 30 women in their ranks who would attend to them. He set brutal rules against defaulters and deserters. In 1476, he appointed Jehan de Dadizele to arrest deserters. Those guilty of encouraging soldiers to desert were to be executed and the deserters were to return to the army. Charles intended for his soldiers to tutor their compatriots about these new conditions in private settings without a disciplinarian presiding over them. Charles's erratic pace to write new detailed reforms every few years was too much for his captains and men-at-arms to sufficiently implement. 1559: 2263: 9092: 659:, the renowned knight of Burgundy. In the first round, Charles struck Jacques on the shield and shattered his own lance. Philip the Good accused de Lalaing of holding back to let Charles win and demanded that the knight put up a real fight. During the second tilt, both lances were broken. The spectacle excited Philip the Good but caused Isabella of Portugal to worry for her son's safety. During the actual tourney, Charles broke sixteen or eighteen lances and received prizes from two princesses. In his honour, heralds cried the well-known French battle cry, " 1054: 10190: 339: 9630: 1705:. Charles tried to form an alliance with Milan. In 1470, he offered Galeazzo membership in the Order of the Golden Fleece, on the premise of an alliance, but was rejected. One time he even included Milan in one of his lists of allies, which caused Galeazzo to protest. To bring about Galeazzo to his circle of allies, Charles started a rumour that he wished to conquer Milan. Concerns about a probable war and Charles's diplomatic pressure by isolating Milan from France persuaded Galeazzo to sign a treaty on 30 January 1475 at 1066:, attended by 1200 persons from both Charles's and Philip's households and courtiers. The cathedral was lit by 1400 candles which heated up the inside of the church so much that holes had to be made in the windows to cool the air. Charles showed extreme emotions during his father's funeral: he shook; trembled; pulled his hair, and kept shouting and crying. The Court Chronicler, Georges Chastellain, doubted the sincerity of Charles's distress, expressing astonishment that he could show such emotions. 721: 2601:. To secure an alliance with the Habsburgs, Mary married Maximilian, son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, in August 1477. Maximilian used a combination of diplomacy and military strength to defend and regain territories from Louis XI, though France kept the geographic Duchy of Burgundy; he also quelled several internal revolts to preserve a great deal of the Burgundian State. Mary died on 27 March 1482, and passed her lands and the title Duke of Burgundy to her son and heir, 2130: 2011: 1251:, whose count, Vincent von Moers, was the leader of the resistance, yielded to Charles's artillery. The only serious conflict was the siege of Nijmegen, which only surrendered after inflicting severe losses on the Burgundian army. After the successful conquest of Guelders, Charles imposed heavy taxes and changed the aldermen in the region. Charles gave more powers to the ducal judicial officers to control the rebellious cities and to impose a centralised administration. 835:, he turned to his employees and asked those who could pay for themselves to stay with him, and those who could not to leave him until he could afford to pay them. His staff replied that they would live and die with him. They offered him a share of their money so that the state could function normally. Charles had tears in his eyes and expressed his gratitude to his staff. Although this account is quite dramatic, there is no reason not to believe it, as such acts of 49: 703:, sent her as a child to the Burgundian court as a ward of Isabella of Portugal. A shy and pliant young woman, Isabella was adored by Philip the Good, who saw an opportunity to renew the Treaty of Arras (which had been broken by the death of Catherine of France) by marrying his niece to his son. Charles was not aware of his father's intention until the night before his marriage on 31 October; he did not resist the match. With his marriage, the town of 9888: 1690:, who visited the Burgundian court in 1469 and 1470. In 1474, when a war with Louis XI was on the horizon, Ferdinand's participation was dependent on his son's marriage with Mary. Charles hinted at his willingness to give his daughter's hand to Frederick, and Ferdinand dispatched his son to Burgundy on 24 October 1474. Although Frederick became a lieutenant and close military advisor to Charles, he failed in his ultimate mission in marrying Mary. 1208:, where the Pope sought a mediator to end the conflict in Guelders. In 1471, Charles was appointed as the mediator; he marched into Guelders and restored Arnold to power. Adolf was placed under house arrest, and then to prison after a failed escape attempt. To retain Burgundian assistance, Arnold made Charles the Regent of Guelders; when Arnold died in February 1473, having left no heirs but his imprisoned son, he bequeathed the duchy to Charles. 1627:

Louis. After a small conflict, the two ceased their fighting in the winter 1473 without any talks of peace. Neither would declare war on the other for the rest of their reigns. In 1468, Charles and Louis tried to make peace, which caused astonishment throughout France. Their talks of peace soon turned into hostility once Charles learned that Louis had his hands in a recent rebellion in Liége. Afterwards, Charles imprisoned Louis in the city of

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towards him. Only Florence remained a French ally, though they offered a stance of neutrality to Charles on the basis of their mutual alliance with Venice. Charles successfully eliminated any possible support from Italy for France, and now could count on the support of his Italian allies if a war with France ensued, However, from 1472, relations with France became a constant truce, and remained as such during rest of Charles's reign.

1212: 2230:, their encampment. Charles was constantly petitioned by his brother-in-law, Edward IV of England, to leave the siege and join him in fighting the French. But in the face of the Emperor's forces, Charles did not want to lose his pride and withdraw. The Emperor had no desire to fight the Burgundians and kept the conflict to a few skirmishes. The conflict came to a rapid end when an emissary from the Pope threatened both sides with 1021:. Charles pursued the fleeing count and his army, when the French vanguard counterattacked. Charles was thrown into battle with the French army and took a wound to his throat. He evaded capture and returned to his lines. After his return, Charles ordered his gunners to shoot at the king's army; by his account, 1,200–1,400 men and a large number of horses were killed. In the late evening, Louis XI retreated eastwards to Paris. 7479: 7286: 8843: 2293:. Despite the many relief forces sent to defeat the Burgundians, the Swiss were unable to relieve the city from the siege and Charles recaptured Grandson, executing all of the Bernese garrison as retaliation for Swiss brutality in Burgundian towns. On 1 March, Charles, expecting the Swiss army to march towards him for a battle, decided to leave Grandson northwards for a mountain pass north of the town of 643:

no appetite. From the start of her illness, Charles and his mother stayed close by Catherine's side. Charles urged the physicians sent by the King to do everything they could for his young wife. He visited her regularly and played music for her on the harp that she had gifted to him. In April the three of them were forced to journey to Arras, on Philip the Good's orders to join him in watching a

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court, and he undermined the Mechelen parliament. To both increase his grip on the seats of justice and to fill up his treasury, Charles dismissed the aldermen and sold their offices to the highest bidders; only the wealthiest subjects came to hold those positions. Many institutions protested against these practices, but Charles persisted because he constantly needed to fund his armies.

763:. However, the emperor did not show up. Even as the regent, Charles held little to no power compared to his mother, the duchess, and his father. Nevertheless, Charles still was able to issue documents in his own name. His regency was short-lived, for Philip the Good returned to Burgundy on 7 or 9 August of the same year, and Charles returned to his former powerless position. 1175:, a town three miles from Bruges. For their wedding ceremony, Charles prepared nine receptions each ending with a joust match. He wished to outdo his father's famous Feast of the Pheasant. The wedding displayed the power and wealth of the dukedom. At the end of the wedding, Charles left his wife alone to catch up on sleep; the two did not spend their wedding night together. 1640: 892:—then Dauphin of France—the heir of Charles VII, had suddenly arrived at Philip the Good's court at Brussels. Philip the Good saw his guest as an opportunity to mend his relations with the crown and took the dauphin in, indulging him with kindness, showing humility and refused all the king's request to send the dauphin back. At Philip's expense, Louis lived in 1686:, the deposed King of Naples, persistently sought his title back. In the constant fear of an invasion from René or his heirs with the support of Louis XI, Ferdinand allied himself with Charles, who made him a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1473. Charles constantly toyed with the idea of marrying his daughter, Mary, to Ferdinand's second son, 2368:. His main objective was the city of Bern, and to eliminate all supports to the city, he first needed to conquer Morat. He arrived at Morat at 9 June and immediately began besieging the fortress. By 19 June, after several assaults on the fortress and with several of its walls destroyed, Morat sent a message to Bern, asking for help. On 20 June, the 2214:

attempts, communications between Neuss and the outside world continued. In September, the Burgundian night watch caught a man swimming through the river with a letter detailing Emperor Frederick's intention to attack the Burgundian besiegers. Upon learning Frederick's plan, Charles intensified the barrage, and attempted to dry out the city's

2380:) arrived at Morat. The forces were larger than the army at Grandson; the Swiss commanders estimated themselves to be 30,000 men, while recent historians believe it was 24,000. Charles expected a decisive battle at the wake of 21 June but no attack came. The Swiss instead attacked the following day on 22 June, a holy day attributed to the 1787:. While Charles's court did not differ much from his contemporaries, certain special features increased the court's appeal: the number of knights of nobles, the sacred image of the ruler who was distant from other courtiers, and the splendour of the court. Charles, like his predecessors, displayed his glamour through extravagant 2642:

contributed to the decline of feudalism and heralded the end to the concept of chivalry. German-language historiography treats him ambivalently; he is seen both as a tragic representation of the fall of the Middle Ages, and as an immoral and flawed prince. Until recently, Swiss literature generally presented Charles negatively.

2384:, catching the slumbering Burgundians unexpected. Charles was too slow in organizing his troops for a counterattack; he himself tarried in putting up his armour, and before his men finished taking their positions, the Swiss army had already reached them. The Burgundian army soon abandoned their posts and fled for their lives. 2356:, where he reorganised the whole of his army with utmost fury and resolve. He demanded more artillery and men-at-arms from his lands; in Dijon, anything made of metals were melted to make canons; in occupied Lorraine, he confiscated all artillery. He received funds from all his allies and men from Italy, Germany, England and 1028:, neither side achieved their full objectives. Charles could not capture Louis in the battlefield, and Louis could not prevent Charles from joining his allies. In spite of his ability to form his battle troops in a coherent battle order, Charles had yet to become an able tactician. The rebel armies joined in the town of 1356:

prince-electors. When he realised how much he needed their support, Charles tried to impress them with displays of his wealth, but the Germans were not swayed. Charles's decision to only interact with the Emperor and not the prince-electors was a fatal mistake, showing an utter ignorance of German political norms.

1599:, Matthias would back him in the electoral college. The two successfully concluded a treaty in November 1474, in which they agreed to partition the Holy Roman Empire between themselves, with Charles becoming the King of Romans and having the lands along the Rhine under his authority while Matthias would acquire 1423:, who previously resided in Lille and Brussels. The language of this parliament was French, with two-thirds of its personnel being Burgundian. The Mechelen parliament only held authority in the Low Countries. In the Burgundian mainlands, Charles established another parliament whose headquarters moved from 1145:— to Burgundy, and then had her mother accompany him to negotiate the final marriage treaty. The marriage treaty and the alliance was signed and ratified in February 1468, while the marriage ceremony was delayed to eight months later. Since Charles and Margaret were fourth-degree cousins, they needed a 2637:

proper) through Lorraine, and sought to forge a national identity independent from that of the French. He spent his short years as the Duke of Burgundy on securing a crown and forging a new kingdom to unite his subjects, and to raise his own glory. However, his efforts inadvertently united his German

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On 28 July 1474, Charles's army reached the southern gate of Neuss. The artillery immediately began bombardment to breach the walls. To isolate the city, Charles assigned men to every gate, blockaded the river across Neuss with fifty boats, and secured the two isles neighbouring the city. Despite all

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Charles greatly desired to transform the Duchy of Burgundy into a kingdom, free from the limitations of vassalage to the French crown, to further his personal glory. The only way for Charles to realise such a state was through the framework of the Holy Roman Empire. At Charles's request, Sigismund of

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in that city. Wanting to please his father, Charles began anticipating the tourney instead of worrying over his wife. During the tourney, Catherine's general state deteriorated, to the point when she was overwhelmed by coughing and had to return to bed soon after the tourney had started. When she was

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is literary translated as 'oath companion', and was a synonym for Swiss, referring to the members of the Old Swiss Confederacy. Until the Siege on Morat, most of the confederacy had not declared war on Burgundy, because Charles had yet to invade a territory officially part of one of its members. But

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the Burgundian army by marching around towards the front of the Burgundians, where Charles had not placed pickets. Around noon they attacked the Burgundians, whose artillery was too slow to engage with the quickly approaching army. Charles tried to rally his men, but to no avail, for the Burgundians

1513:. Nancy Bradley Warren has drawn a connection between the saint and the duke for the fact that both were married three times. The portrayal of Charles and Saint Anne may also have been a means to legitimise his marriage to Margaret by reassuring those who were dubious about an alliance with England. 1443:

criticized Charles for his lack of mercy while imposing justice. He damaged his relations with his people by inspecting and regulating every aspect of their life, and was unnecessarily harsh . Charles wanted to reduce the influence of the local aldermen, who were viewed by the commoners as the local

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In contrast to his relationship with Philip, Louis and Charles disliked each other. However, Charles asked the dauphin to be the godfather of his daughter, Mary. Charles's hatred for Louis festered when he ascended to the French throne after the death of his father on 22 July 1461. Louis was crowned

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to intervene. In 5 February 1464, Charles made a speech to the deputies assembled in Ghent, spending more time attacking de Croÿ's family than his father. At the end, Charles and Philip the Good reconciled in June 1464, after they met in Lille, although de Croÿ kept a hold on power. Later that year,

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Charles became fast friends with his wife, Catherine. They gave gifts to each other; in 1440, the countess bought a harp for Charles, who was interested in music. In February 1446, Catherine became bedridden with cold, high fever and persistent coughing. By March, she was too pale, lethargic and had

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became a humiliating defeat for Charles the Bold, as his army's cowardice had caused him the loss of many valuable treasures and all of his artillery and supplies. For two or three days after the battle, Charles was so much shaken by the loss that he refused any food or drinks. By 4 March, he began

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To counteract the rebels, Louis XI amassed an army and sent it southwards to central France to defeat John II of Bourbon. Charles of Charolais soon mustered an army of 25,000 men and marched towards Paris. Louis and his army hastily returned to Paris to defend the city against Charles's army. On 15

796:, as his chamberlain. Charles distrusted de Croÿ, because he suspected that he accepted money from Charles VII to undermine Philip the Good. Charles refused his father's proposal. Philip was so furious that his mother feared for Charles's life and had Charles removed from the court. Charles fled to 542:, where a rebellion against Philip the Good was brewing. In 1436, when Isabella and her entourage were to leave the city, rebels forcefully stopped and arrested them near the city gate. The rebellion was suppressed in 1438, when Philip the Good blockaded the city and forced the rebels to surrender. 424:

and music. His court was famously known as a centre of arts, chivalry and etiquette. He was obsessed with order and regulation and wrote many ordinances throughout his rule, dictating military matters, legislation, and diplomacy to the smallest detail. Charles was religious and his patron saint was

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Charles the Bold's untimely death directly caused the sudden collapse of the Burgundian State. He had no legitimate male heir to succeed him and he did not provide a capable husband for his daughter that he could train and prepare for succession. He was obsessed over uniting the "lands over there"

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Meanwhile, René spent November and December negotiating with the Swiss to hire an army of mercenaries and with Louis XI to pay the Swiss. He was eventually successful with both and marched towards Nancy from Basel on 26 December with 9,000 Swiss mercenaries. Between 31 December and 3 January 1477,

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Charles left Neuss on 27 June. The city had been so badly damaged that it was on the verge of surrender. His propagandists presented him as the Caesar of their age who had brought a humiliating defeat on the German forces. After signing the peace treaty, hundreds of German soldiers lined up to see

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Residents of Neuss endured the constant bombardments, and refused to surrender even though their food had reduced from cows to snails and weeds. Their resistance brought admiration from all the contemporary chronicles. Emperor Frederick was slow to amass an army. When he had gathered 20,000 German

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The Burgundian court under Charles the Bold was famous and magnificent. It was seen as a place to learn arts and etiquette and where chivalry and courtly life was more intact than the rest of the Europe. For this reason, the Burgundian court was the host to many young noblemen and princes from all

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as the highest juridical power within his country. The cities and institutions in Burgundy relied on the parlement for challenging legal decisions. This irritated the Dukes of Burgundy who detested any reliance on France. Philip the Good established an itinerant court of justice that travelled all

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However, the rest of his army mistook his tactical retreat for a complete withdrawal. Around this time, the rest of the Swiss army had reached the valley, announcing their arrival by bellowing their horns. The Burgundians panicked and abandoned their positions, ignoring Charles's pleas to stay in

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to his ranks, (who would have brought with himself 10,000 men at arms) the Venetian government did not allow him to go. Charles spent two years negotiating with the Venetian ambassadors, but at the end, was unsuccessful in convincing them. By 1475, the alliance between Venice and Burgundy did not

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Charles the Bold pursued a risky and aggressive foreign policy. Trying to have as many allies as possible, he considered everyone, aside from Louis XI, as his ally. In 1471, he made a list of his nineteen allies. He increased the number to twenty-four by the next year and had twenty-six allies in

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The last of these ordinances, issued at Thionville, marked the culmination of Charles's martial administration. The organisation of a squad was categorised to the merest detail; specific battle marches were created to keep order between the men; a soldier's equipment were explained in detail and

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The intense rivalry between Louis XI and Charles the Bold kept both rulers always prepared for an eventual war. The suspicious death of Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry, the king's brother, in 1472, prompted Charles to raise arms to avenge his former ally's death, stating he has been poisoned by

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Louis XI. Philip the Good personally put the crown on his head. While the duke thought that the hostilities between France and Burgundy were ended, the new king at his coronation ceremony refused to participate in the feast sponsored by Philip in his honour. The latter thus returned to his realm

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is also quite apparent in Charles's writings. Vegetius suggested that soldiers were to be recruited from men offering themselves to a martial life; afterwards, they would swear an oath to stay loyal to the duke. Charles adapted both ideas in his 1471 ordinance. Charles's 1473 ordinance included

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The Italian peninsula saw a shift in its sphere of influence after the Treaty of Moncalieri in 1475. Charles the Bold triumphantly replaced Louis XI as the dominant influence on the Italian politics, with three of four major secular powers in the region — Milan, Naples and Venice — all aligning

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and coerced him to sign a treaty favourable to Burgundy with conditions such as forfeiting the Duke of Burgundy from paying homage, guarantying Charles's sovereignty of Picardy, and abolishing French jurisdiction on Burgundian subjects. Louis reluctantly agreed to all the demands and signed the

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came to join his army. At the end of May, he had amassed 20,000 men in Lausanne, outnumbering the local population. He trained these men from 14 to 26 May while he himself grew sicker by day, resulting in stagnation among his troops. With the supply lines delayed, and the payment long overdue,

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in April 1474 to drive Charles and Peter von Hagenbach from Alsace. Rebellion quickly broke out in Alsace. The league overthrew Hagenbach, put him on trial, and on 9 May executed him. Upon hearing this news, Charles threw a tantrum. In August, he sent an army led by Peter's brother, Stefan von

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offered money to Sigismund of Austria to buy back Alsace from Charles. But Charles refused to sell Alsace and was determined to keep it. To emphasize his claim, Charles toured the province around Christmas 1473, reportedly with an army. He tried to make peace with the Swiss, who questioned his

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was never far from his mind. Charles may have considered an expedition to the east as the climax of his life's work; however, during his lifetime, he never undertook a crusade nor did he make preparations for it like his father did. Only for a short time between late 1475 and early 1476 did he

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at the age of 31. Court Chronicles recorded laconically the long months of her illness. The most important part of her life for these chronicles was her marriage to Charles—of which she had only brought him one daughter and no male heirs—and the fact that she and Charles fell in love after the

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On 12 June 1467, Philip the Good suddenly fell ill. In the next few days, he could hardly breathe and constantly vomited. Charles was summoned from Ghent to immediately come to his father. By the time he arrived, Philip had fallen unconscious and was struggling to breathe, and died on 15 June.

553:. Like his father, Charles developed a fondness for reading histories, chronicles and historical romances. Charles aspired to become a conqueror like Alexander the Great. The fact that both he and Alexander had fathers named Philip stimulated his imagination and further enhanced his ambition. 2111:

and foot archers. To solve this problem, Charles diversified his army and recruited from other nationalities. Italian mercenaries were his favourite and by 1476, filled up most of his ranks. Despite the constant warning from military authors of the past against the recruitment of mercenaries,

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Charles's death marks a significant moment in the modern history of Lorraine; in Nancy, the victory of René II is still remembered fondly. The Swiss victory at Morat was a confirmation to their national identity, a sign of pride and a preservation of their independence. The Battle of Morat

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Although Charles received recognition for the Duchy of Guelders, he still was not recognised as the king of the Romans. In part, Frederick III was convinced that the prince-electors would not vote for Charles to receive the title. During the conference, Charles ignored and alienated the

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Charles quickly rallied his troops, ordered his artillery to fire at the enemy lines and then launched an attack. Meanwhile, the Swiss had knelt down to pray, which the Burgundians may have mistaken for submission, motivating them more for the attack. The initial charge, commanded by

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and 2,500 horsemen, while the Burgundy entourage consisted of 13,000 men at arms (including artillery), Burgundian nobility, bishops, and treasures and relics. Despite all the grandeur, Frederick III was disappointed that Charles had not brought his daughter, amidst rumours spread by

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to legitimise their marriage. As the dispensation was the groom's duty, Charles sent a delegation to Rome. The delegation took until May 1469 to win the dispensation. Edward IV announced the marriage of his sister to Charles and dubbed him as 'a mighty Prince who bears no crown'.

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It is not clear what was Campobasso's position during the battle. One Neapolitan account reports that Charles found himself engaged in a duel with Campobasso during the battle. According to Angelo de Tummmulilis, Charles had Campobasso in his mercy but spared him and told him to

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with Louis XI, causing a seven-year truce and a marriage alliance between the two kingdoms. Charles had to sign a treaty with Louis as well, so that he would be free to march south and deal with the League of Constance, whose members now also included René II of Lorraine.

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adversaries alleging that Mary was physically defective. Charles wished to become the king of the Romans and to succeed Frederick as emperor. In return, Maximilian would inherit the Burgundian State, and later on become emperor. In addition, Charles wanted to become a

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Charles and Margaret never had children. They spent little time together: only three weeks during the first six months after their marriage; one-quarter of the time during the years 1469 and 1470, and only three weeks throughout 1473. According to contemporary jurist,

1235:, the Holy Roman Empire, to confiscate the duchy. Frederick III was diplomatically close to Charles and did not intervene. Charles subdued the rebelling cities and the nobles of Guelders with force. On 9 June 1473, with a sizeable army, he entered the city of 2316:, Lord of Grandson, failed to penetrate the Swiss defensive line, with Louis himself killed in the process. Charles then made a second attack. In order to lure the enemy further down the valley to give his artillery a better target, Charles soon retreated. 568:, a conflict between the members of the Valois royal family and its branches. As a sign of good faith in his new ally, Charles VII also allowed a marriage between one of his daughters and Philip's heir. Charles sent his daughters to Burgundy; Philip chose 2242:

cost Burgundy dearly in army strength and strategic opportunities. Besides the number of men and equipment lost, this siege also cost Charles a chance to destroy Louis XI and France. Edward IV, after seeing no support from his ally, agreed to sign the

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Over the span of five years, Charle's deputy in Upper Alsace, Peter von Hagenbach, alienated his Alsatian subjects; antagonized the neighbouring Swiss Confederacy, who felt threatened by his rule; and showed aggressive intentions towards the city of

896:, where he led a comfortable life. Charles VII attempted to regain his son but all his attempts failed. He reportedly said: "My cousin Burgundy is feeding a fox who will eat up all his chickens". Dauphin Louis would go on to become Philip the Good's 2280:

Charles commenced his full-fledged invasion on the Swiss and their allies immediately after signing the peace treaty with Louis XI. Splitting his army into two parts, he advanced through Lorraine with no resistance and captured the capital city of

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Charles assumed full power by arguing that Philip the Good was becoming too senile. Charles put pressure on de Croÿ, but Philip protected de Croÿ by threatening Charles. Ten days later, the States General gave Charles full power by appointing him

2517:, and two of his bastard brothers to identify the corpse through a missing tooth, ingrown toenail, and long fingernails. His body was moved to Nancy with full honours, where it was displayed for five days. René buried him in the Saint-George 2199:, which Charles needed to control in order to guarantee Burgundian supply lines for an attack on Cologne. Neuss was expected to fall within a few days, and many contemporary historians feared its fall would open up Germany to the Burgundians. 1191:

Like his father, Charles pursued expansionism; however, whereas Philip the Good realised this policy by peaceful means, Charles vied for territory by war and conflict. In the Netherlands, he sought to expand his realm to the north-east: the

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caused an uproar in the city. The people demanded an end to the humiliating penalties imposed on them after the revolt in 1449. Charles left the city with his daughter, the ten-year-old Mary, and the treasure kept by Philip the Good in the

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into a Burgundian protectorate. He held peace talks in Maastricht on 14 May 1474, which failed. From 22 June, he planned to siege Colognian cities and force Ruprecht's conditions on his subjects. The first of his targets was the city of

1311:, the title of the successor of the emperor, with the marriage between the Emperor's son and the Charles's daughter as an inducement. As one of the richest men in the Europe, and also an ally of the rebellious princes in the empire, the 681:

in 1453. In Lille, his mother honoured him with a feast, and to everyone's surprise, encouraged him to return to the battlefield and fight for his inheritance. By that time, Philip the Good had won the battle and defeated the rebellious

1783:, introduced the "ceremonial of the court of Burgundy" into Spain using Olivier de la Marche's account of Charles the Bold's court. Charles's Burgundian court thus became the idealized courtly life that sparked inspirations throughout 1528:

in the Burgundian court, Lucas de Tollentis, directing him to encourage Charles to undertake a crusade against the Ottomans. Tollentis, reported to the Pope on 23 June 1472 that Charles was 'resolved in our favour,' and the welfare of

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and began marching towards Paris on 31 July. The rebels laid siege on Paris in 1465, during which Charles directed his gunfire at the city's walls. The rebels successfully entered the city when a nobleman named Charles de Melun opened

2574:. Charles's former conquests, Liége and Guelders, rapidly sought their independence, and in Luxembourg, a struggle broke out on whether to recognize Mary of Burgundy as Charles's successor. Sigismund of Austria and the Swiss vied for 2699:, was given to him by his contemporaries. Richard Vaughan argues that the nickname is a 19th-century invention and a misnomer. The English translation, Charles the Bold, suggests that he was named after the progenitor of his family, 2021:

When Charles became the Duke of Burgundy, his army functioned under a feudalistic system, with most of its men either recruited through summons or hired by contracts. The majority of his army ranks were occupied by French nobles and

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Throughout the decade 1454–1464, Charles was excluded from power, the ducal council, and the Burgundian court by his father. In 1454 Philip the Good appointed him as "governor and lieutenant-general in absence" while he attended the

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Charles the Bold was religious, and regarded himself more devout and pious than any ruler of his day. He considered his sovereignty bestowed upon him by God and thus owed his power to God alone. From a young age, Charles chose

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in the form of an alliance between Savoy, Burgundy and Milan. As a result of this treaty, diplomatic relations between the two duchies were established, and Galeazzo sent Giovanni Pietro Panigarola as his envoy to Burgundy.

1124:, Edward IV's brother-in-law, arrived in Burgundy to propose two marriages between the English royal family and the Burgundians: one between Margaret of York and Charles, and the other between Mary, Charles's daughter, and 2170:

Hagenbach, into Alsace. After Charles refused again to give up control of Alsace, the League of Constance officially declared war on him. Hagenbach's death might be considered the catalyst to the conflict now called the "

2088:

achieved the willing obedience of his subjects, Charles became obsessed with discipline and order among his men-at-arms. He applied Xenophon's comments in the Abbeville ordinance, thus ensuring that through a complex

529:

as his sponsors; he was named after the count of Nevers, who was Philip the Good's stepson from his second wife, Bonne of Artois. In early spring 1434, Isabella and the young Charles moved to the mountain fortress of

1078:

of Ghent. In the following January, he coerced the mayors of Ghent to ask for his pardon. Then, he abolished their governmental rights and announced that only he could appoint the government in the town, contrary to

1434:

In Charles's own words, the proper administration of justice was "the soul and the spirit of the public entity." He was recognised as the first sovereign to make serious effort to impose peace and justice upon the

854:. Charles blamed de Croÿ for the assassination attempt, while de Croÿ came to believe that Charles staged this attempt to fuel their feud. By the end of 1463, the disputes between Charles and his father caused the 672:

against Burgundian rule in response to new taxes on salt. Charles took part in the fighting; however, to keep him out of danger, Philip the Good falsely told Charles that his mother Isabella was seriously ill in

1367:

at dawn. Charles became enraged, locked himself in his room and smashed the furniture to small pieces. But he did not break the betrothal between Maximilian and Mary, hoping that he could still become a king.

1909:, who had more variety than Philip the Good's chapel. He brought his chapel with himself on his campaigns and had them sing a new song to him every night in his chambers. Charles was a patron of the composer 634: 8286: 615:

from 1456 to 1468. At the age of 12, Charles began to participate in the public affairs of his father's duchy. In 1445, he accompanied his father on a rare state visit to Holland and Zealand. According to

2445:

While Charles may have wanted to continue the war against the Swiss, his plans changed drastically when Nancy was reconquered by René II on 6 October. In need of money, Charles took a large loan from the

2058:

inscribed on the ducal colours). He also designed an overlapping military hierarchy, that sought to cease the infighting between captains and their subordinates that would arise in a pyramidal hierarchy.

7612:

Schnitker, Harry (2004). "Margaret of York on Pilgrimage: The Exercise of Devotion and the Religious Traditions of the House of York". In Biggs, Doughlas; Michalove, Sharon; Reeves, Compton (eds.).

2403:. The Milanese ambassador, Panigarola, reported that Charles laughed and made jokes after his defeat at Morat. Charles refused to believe he was defeated and continued to think God was on his side. 1798:

flourished and thrived. After his ascension in 1467, Charles provided considerable budget for projects left incomplete after his father's death and commissioned new projects as well. As a patron of

538:

in Burgundy. The Duchess and her son descended the mountains in April 1435, after the plague had receded. Afterwards, they travelled to Paris to join Philip the Good. En route, they passed through

505:. He was the third child of Philip the Good with Isabella of Portugal and the only one to survive past infancy. His mother, fearing that she would lose another child, consecrated the infant to the 913:

disappointed. Charles feared Louis' intentions to demolish the Burgundian defensive system in Picardy, and he was furious when a crisis occurred in autumn 1463 regarding his father's lands in the

2050:, who were accompanied by 1200 crossbows, 1250 handgunners and 1250 pikemen, under the ratio of 1:1:1. A squad of these troops contained a man-at-arms, a mounted page, a mounted swordsman, three 1878:

and was distributed among Charles's courtiers. His prayer book illuminated by Lieven van Lathem is considered a masterpiece of Flemish illumination that influenced great illuminators such as the

1595:

pushed Burgundy and Hungary to each other, and in his pursuit to ally with Frederick III's opponents, Charles made contacts with Matthias. Charles hoped that by supporting Matthias' claim to the

1748: 811:, was born on 13 February 1457, neither Charles nor his father attended her baptism, for both wanted to avoid each other. Nicolas Rolin was removed from the chancellery, and Rolin's close ally, 572:, the king's ten-year-old daughter, to marry the six-year-old Charles. The two were married on 11 June 1439, during a ceremony accompanied by concerts, jousts and banquets in the city of 7426:

Paravicini, Werner (2003). "Acquérir sa grâce pour le temps advenir. Les hommes de Charles le Téméraire, prince héritier (1433-1467)". In Kupper, Jean-Louis; Marchandisse, Alain (eds.).

2509:

The corpse of Charles the Bold was found three days after the battle, when it was found lying on the river, with half of his head frozen. It took a group consisting of Charles's Roman

1607:, he obtained the right to pass his armies through his lands, and assign Burgundian captains to important fortifications in Lorraine, essentially turning the duchy into a Burgundian 545:

During infancy, Charles was described as a robust child. He showed an interest in martial matters and military operations early in his life; by the age of two, he was instructed on

7631:

Schepper, Hugo de (2007). "The individual on trial in the sixteenth-century Netherlands : between tradition and modernity". In Parker, Charles H.; Bentley, Jerry H. (eds.).

2399:. The Swiss showed no mercy to men who surrendered. They killed knights, soldiers, and high officials alike. Charles himself fled with his men and rode for days until he reached 599:. Of the two, Agnes was more prominent in Charles's early education. Agatha and Charles were constantly in his mother's company. In 1441, Philip the Good appointed Jean d'Auxy, 549:

while training on a wooden steed. Philip the Good assigned many tutors for the young Charles, the most important among them being Antoine Haneron, professor of rhetoric in the

1359:

As an alternative, Frederick III proposed to elevate the Duchy of Burgundy into a kingdom; Charles accepted. The two parties planned for Frederick III to crown Charles in the

1286:. Charles's rights and income from his new territories were severely limited because most of the land rights were mortgaged to local nobles. Charles's deputy in the area, 831:, which in turn prompted his father to cut off his allowance. Charles was deprived of any money to pay his staff or even keep his estate afloat, so in 1463, according to 1546:

to Charles. Charles's actions reflect broader societal changes in the tradition of crusading. Charles pretended to offer his sword to the church to gain favour with the

1104:

Within weeks of Isabella of Bourbon's death, Charles's mother sought an English marriage for her son. She sent Guillaume de Clugny, one of Charles's close advisors, to

2485:, which pierced his helmet and went into his skull. Half of the Burgundian army died during the battle or while retreating. Only those who escaped fifty kilometers to 1389: 1204:. With Philip the Good's support, Adolf usurped the duchy and imprisoned his father in 1465. Adolf's treatment of his father caused a scandal that resonated as far as 8621: 2306: 2301:, with their vanguard made up of eight thousand men several hours ahead of the rest. The vanguard reached the mountain pass first and surprised the Burgundian army. 766:

Charles was on bad terms with his father due to his exclusion from power, and their bad relations climaxed in 1457, when Charles wanted to appoint Antoin Rolin, the

1721:

agreed to a treaty against the King of France on 20 March 1472. From then on, Venice constantly urged Charles to uphold his part of the bargain and support them in

10363: 2778:

during the siege, Charles attacked a bridge which was a part of Bernese territory, thus obligating the confederacy to join Bern in their campaign against Burgundy.

2142:. As a result, the Swiss sought alliances with German towns and Louis XI. By February 1473, a handful of free cities coordinated to end Burgundian rule in Alsace. 2002:, with such similar traits, the songs are most likely both composed by Charles in 1460s. Charles also liked to sing, however he did not have a good singing voice. 1667:, allowed the influence of France grow in the peninsula, for Milan and Florence were long-standing allies of Louis XI. To remedy this, Charles enlarged Burgundy's 2740:

Maximilian's eventual succession reinforced the continuity of the emperorship in the Hapsburg dynasty, which appealed to Frederick III's attachment to his house.

2521:

of Nancy. In Artois, people refused to believe he was dead; they believed he had escaped to Germany to undergo seven years of penance, and would reappear again.

865:. His first act was to confiscate de Croÿ's estates; they were banished to France, where to their surprise, their French patron, Louis XI, gave them no support. 2562:

Louis XI learned of Charles's death even before it reached Burgundy; he took advantage of the lack of leadership to invade Burgundy through Picardy, Artois and

1069:

Fourteen days later, Charles officially became the Duke of Burgundy. In celebration, he paraded into the city of Ghent on 28 June 1467, emulating Caesar. This

8669: 2451: 1575:

1473, in contrast to Louis XI's fifteen allies. Among Charles's allies were nine kings, six dukes and three archbishops. Some of these relations, like with

2107:

The Burgundian standing army struggled with recruitment. Although the Burgundian army had enough men-at-arms, pikemen and mounted archers, the they lacked

780:, Philip the Good's chancellor. The Duke, wary of the power his chancellor might get with this appointment, refused his son's request and instead proposed 7430:. Bibliothèque de la faculté de philosophie et lettres de l'université de Liège (in French). Liège: Presses universitaires de Liège. pp. 307–328. 2187: 8796: 1897:

Charles was a patron of music and was a capable musician. In his 1469 ordinance, Charles gave a clear view of what his musical entourage should be: a

2469:

the Count of Campobasso and his Italian mercenaries deserted the Burgundians. They joined René and fought the Burgundians in the forthcoming battle.

2422: 2357: 2116:

praised Charles for his brilliant solution, staying that he was favoured by both heaven and earth and thus above the 'commandments of philosophers'.

1278:. Sigismund was in a desperate financial situation and eagerly agreed to sell the lands. With this purchase, Charles acquired a claim on the city of 7651: 10220: 9511: 381:

After becoming the Duke of Burgundy in 1467, Charles pursued his ambitions for a kingdom independent from France, stretching contiguously from the

10273: 2524:

Margaret of York, Charles's wife, requested the return of his body, but René refused. Over 70 years after Charles's death, on 22 September 1550,

804:

trying to find his son. Through the mediation of Isabella of Bourbon, who was pregnant with Charles's child, Philip and his son reached a truce.

2613: 1452: 1128:, Edward IV's younger brother. Woodville's visit failed, as Charles was not interested in marrying his young daughter to the Duke of Clarence. 2202: 1767: 1101:

initially political marriage. Charles, busy with the political negotiations after the War of the Public Weal, could not attend her funeral.

10373: 2718:

According to the German historian, Christian Kiening, the narrative of their love may be fictitious and created by the authors of the time.

2361:

Charles's army cut costs. Many horse archers went on foot instead. The army, though luxurious in display, was incoherent and destabilised.

9128: 2731:'s richer west and poorer east, with the Germans amazed by the wealth of the Burgundy and the Burgundians shocked by their poor equipment. 2581:

Mary, the sole child of Charles, and Margaret of York, his widow, confronted a crisis. To secure her legitimacy as ruler, Mary signed the

10293: 1290:, imposed harsh taxes on the people. Soon, several towns of Alsace formed a league to unite against Hagenbach. Charles ignored the area. 2450:

with which he assembled 10,000 hastily gathered men. The rest of his army consisted of the Italian mercenaries under the command of the

448:(1474–1477), where he fought to retain ownership of Upper Alsace against an alliance of Swiss, German, and Alsatian polities called the 7096:

Models of Political Competence: The Evolution of Political Norms in the Works of Burgundian and Habsburg Court Historians, C. 1470-1700

2472:

On 5 January, under heavy snow, René and his army marched towards the Burgundian position. The snow obscured their movements, and they

580:, according to the wedding accounts, and were often separated from each other to spend their time with hobbies in tune with their age. 569: 163: 2182:

When Alsace rose up against Burgundian authority, Charles was already preoccupied with another campaign in Cologne. Charles aided the

10047: 9029: 367: 17: 8725: 1722: 1131:

In October 1467, Edward IV publicly ratified the marriage between Charles and his sister, and Margaret of York appeared before the

8419: 2477:

were already fleeing from the battlefield. Meanwhile, the Alsatian and Swiss infantry encircled Charles and his horsemen. In the

1502:

of the manuscript as well as two other pieces each demonstrate Charles's devotion to Saint George. In Margaret of York's copy of

652:, the princess' favourite place. She eventually died on 30 July 1446, and her death was deeply mourned by the court of Burgundy. 8064: 2311: 873: 10226: 2532:

to strengthen his claim over Burgundy. Three years later, Charles's bones were again exhumed to their final resting place, the

7593:

Sieber-Lehmann, C. (1997). "Der türkische Sultan Mehmet II und Karl der Kühne, der "Türk im Occident"". In Erkens, F.R (ed.).

10383: 10378: 10368: 8694: 8041: 7602: 7176: 1874:. He employed the finest calligraphers and illuminators to document his ordinances; the Ordinance of 1469 was illuminated by 1349: 696: 10214: 9504: 1583:

would sign treaties with Louis XI and appear on his list of allies. Initially, Charles was hesitant about an alliance with

1487: 1125: 819:

in Hainaut. There, he was entrusted with minor tasks regarding the Flemish subjects of his father. He also constructed the

317: 592: 1116:, and Charles. To prevent an English-Burgundian alliance, Louis XI proposed the hand of his daughter, the four-year-old 509:

within days from his birth. Philip the Good arrived in Dijon in late November to celebrate the birth and made his son a

338: 9138: 7195: 2566:

only three weeks after the Battle of Nancy. Ghent rose in rebellion, executing two of Charles's closest collaborators,

1142: 7457: 2387:

The battle was a total victory for the Swiss and a mass slaughter of the fleeing Burgundian army. Many retreated into

1623:, Louis XI's sister, drove the duchy into an alliance with Burgundy on the basis of their shared dismay for Louis XI. 815:, was removed from the ducal council. De Croÿ became more powerful. Charles left the court for his personal estate at 628: 10278: 10208: 9694: 9473: 9123: 8847: 8744: 8642: 8022: 7995: 7968: 7949: 7922: 7895: 7868: 7845: 7826: 7796: 7777: 7745: 7718: 7699: 7669: 7640: 7621: 7583: 7557: 7530: 7495: 7443: 7408: 7381: 7362: 7343: 7324: 7302: 7268: 7241: 7214: 7149: 7122: 7103: 7076: 7057: 7030: 7011: 6984: 6965: 6946: 6919: 6892: 6860: 6838: 6811: 6781: 2662: 1320: 1232: 1146: 1013:

in the outskirts of Montlhéry. Charles placed himself next to the defensively positioned Burgundian vanguard, led by

855: 748: 740: 655:

When Charles was seventeen, he participated in his first joust in a practice tourney in Brussels. He jousted against

565: 9931: 9828: 9779: 9280: 2557: 1971:

wherein no name of the composers is mentioned, nevertheless, the songs have uncanny similarities to each other: in

1808: 1758: 1725:. Charles's inaction caused gradual estrangement from Venice. For instance, when he wanted to recruit the Venetian 1331: 961: 473: 414: 1363:

in a coronation on 25 November. However, the next day, the Emperor secretly departed from Trier, embarking on the

1153: 10238: 9985: 9560: 9497: 9172: 7768: 1839: 1439:, and he was regarded as "a prince of Justice" by historian Andreas van Haul a century after his death. However, 669: 8281: 2540:

ordered the construction of a monument over the tomb of Charles, which was completed in 1563. Philip would hold

10358: 10232: 10178: 10117: 10109: 10070: 9771: 9616: 9600: 9520: 8923: 2638:

enemies under the banner of a "German nation" opposing Charles, whom they called "The Grand Turk of the West".

2391:, and either drowned or died swimming in the process. Some climbed the walnut trees, and were shot dead by the 1271: 2073:

discipline among the ranks was regarded with utmost importance. Charles forbade individual soldiers to have a

1717:

was based on his willingness to launch a crusade against the Turks. With Ferdinand of Naples' insistence, the

1196:. Although it was never a part of the Burgundian lands, the duchy was dependent on Burgundian trade. In 1463, 917:. de Croÿ persuaded Philip the Good to agree to amend the Treaty of Arras, which had given him cities such as 10172: 10101: 9962: 9755: 9747: 9648: 9592: 9056: 9022: 2525: 2270: 1814: 1780: 1121: 8174:

Brunner, Jean-Claude (2011). "Misery at Morat: Charles the Bold's English Archers at the Battle of Murten".

2320:

line. The panicking army even forsook their camp at Grandson, leaving it open for the Swiss to capture. The

10348: 10318: 10166: 9739: 9716: 9608: 2435: 2238:

him. According to one chronicle, many of them threw themselves at Charles and worshipped him. However, the

1834: 1381: 965: 9397: 1636:. However, the crown did not abide by the treaty terms and Franco-Burgundian relations remained negative. 1604: 10353: 10333: 10323: 9432: 8516: 1648: 1394: 1141:

and formally gave her consent to the marriage. Charles welcomed the English delegation—led by Edward and

1063: 9231: 2752:, the Burgundian chronicler, reported that in his official decree to all of his realm, Charles ordered " 1633: 10343: 10338: 10308: 10298: 10268: 9576: 9478: 9427: 9285: 8955: 2533: 2162:

sincerity. Charles's threats prompted the Swiss to ally themselves with their former enemy, Sigismund.

1879: 1420: 1407:

across the country (which was still not as powerful as the Paris Parliament). Charles established of a

1018: 700: 522: 510: 145: 54: 8451:

Saenger, Paul (Spring 1977). "Burgundy and the Inalienability of Appanages in the Reign of Louis XI".

7550:

Citizens and Sodomites: Persecution and Perception of Sodomy in the Southern Low Countries (1400–1700)

7207:

Monarchies, States Generals, and Parliaments: The Netherlands in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

10328: 10313: 10303: 10143: 9874: 9671: 9199: 8915: 8357: 8138: 2041: 1784: 1612: 1408: 1165: 1157: 1014: 977: 557: 2578:; Holland, Zeeland, Frisia and Hainault were claimed by the Count Palatine and the Duke of Bavaria. 1671:

in Italy to dwarf that of France. The first Burgundian alliance with an Italian ruler was with King

370:. As heir and as ruler, Charles vied for power and influence with rivals such as his overlord, King 10388: 10198: 9896: 9863: 9836: 9705: 9568: 9297: 9165: 9015: 8986: 8862: 1918: 1201: 969: 550: 359: 297: 7023:

The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325-1520

1215:

Territories of France (green) and Burgundy (vanilla) in 1477, Cambridge Modern History Atlas, 1912

1120:, to Charles in marriage. Charles refused this proposal. In the Spring of 1466, an embassy led by 521:, a title given to the heirs of the dukes of Burgundy. He was baptised on 20 November, with Count 9584: 9307: 9238: 9160: 8811: 8481: 7515:

Before the Military Revolution: European Warfare and the Rise of the Early Modern State 1300–1490

2066: 1516:

Throughout his reign, Charles faced multiple requests to pledge his men to a crusade against the

1197: 9852: 1558: 10156: 9978: 9332: 9290: 8382: 7692:

The Prayer Book of Charles the Bold: A Study of a Flemish Masterpiece from the Burgundian Court

7463: 2462: 2456: 1818:. He commissioned the Portuguese Vasco de Lucena and Jehan de Chesne to respectively translate 1795: 1535: 1183:, Charles housed Margaret far away from him because he did not want women to hamper his court. 954: 820: 584: 485: 421: 375: 9248: 9204: 8819: 1025: 1010: 999: 469: 9661: 9194: 8587:"The Battle of Murten: The Invasion of Charles the Bold and the Survival of the Swiss States" 7711:

Magnanimous Dukes and Rising States: The Unification of the Burgundian Netherlands, 1380-1480

2666: 2333: 2286: 2191: 2183: 2065:

Armour of Charles the Bold in The Vinkhuijzen collection of military uniforms, 1910, kept at

1863: 1803: 1753: 1698: 1672: 1283: 973: 944: 752: 661: 561: 58: 1219:

However, Charles's inheritance caused opposition. The Estates of Guelders, and the towns of

444:

Towards the end of his life, Charles became engaged in a multi-national conflict called the

10288: 10283: 10037: 9258: 9221: 8736: 8634: 8358:"Anthonis de Roovere, 'De Roovere's dream about the death of the late Charles of Burgundy'" 8150: 8065:"Did the De re militari of Vegetius influence the military ordinances of Charles the Bold?" 7453: 2749: 2646: 2625: 2514: 2497: 2431: 2381: 2294: 2061: 1986: 1799: 1660: 1138: 1003: 918: 649: 617: 612: 8826: 526: 8: 10001: 9954: 9818: 9729: 9684: 9638: 9550: 9537: 9412: 9302: 9177: 9113: 9108: 9100: 8060: 7814: 7687: 7633:

Between the Middle Ages and modernity: individual and community in the early modern world

2709:

can be translated as "bold", Charles' epithet in French means "foolhardy" and "reckless".

2602: 2244: 1947:. Although no pieces from his motet or chansons remain, two songs are attributed to him: 1914: 1732: 1687: 1679: 1668: 1576: 1543: 1482:. He kept an alleged sword of Saint George in his treasury and showed reverence to other 1440: 1287: 1080: 1034: 832: 692: 481: 200: 6804:

From Van Eyck to Bruegel: Early Netherlandish Painting in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

2262: 1298: 988:; in search of his allies' armies, Charles discovered that the royal army was camped in 781: 9993: 9970: 9805: 9372: 9357: 9263: 9209: 9091: 8974: 8802: 8720: 8573: 8557: 8468: 8398: 8344: 8303: 8265: 8249: 8228: 8199: 8183: 8125: 8109: 7860: 6881:(1999). "Music and Ritual at Charles the Bold's Court". In Higgins, Paula Marie (ed.). 6878: 6774:

Songs, Scribes, and Society: The History and Reception of the Loire Valley Chansonniers

2586: 2537: 2321: 2274: 2266: 2257: 1776: 1714: 1596: 1588: 1539: 1403: 1345: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1075: 1053: 1038: 914: 725: 656: 457: 434: 398: 9118: 7478: 7338:. Manchester Medieval Studies. Vol. 30. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 7285: 7169:

Documents on the Papal Plenary Indulgences 1300-1517 Preached in the Regnum Teutonicum

1923: 827:

as his personal seat in 1461. He attempted to formalise his status as the heir to the

608: 10091: 10060: 10024: 9944: 9463: 9458: 9437: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9362: 9352: 9342: 9226: 9155: 9148: 9066: 9048: 8937: 8750: 8740: 8708: 8700: 8690: 8648: 8638: 8598: 8565: 8536: 8532: 8503: 8495: 8439: 8431: 8406: 8390: 8311: 8295: 8257: 8191: 8162: 8154: 8117: 8088: 8037: 8018: 8001: 7991: 7974: 7964: 7945: 7928: 7918: 7917:. Liverpool Historical Studies. Vol. 19. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 7901: 7891: 7874: 7864: 7841: 7822: 7802: 7792: 7773: 7751: 7741: 7724: 7714: 7695: 7675: 7665: 7636: 7617: 7598: 7579: 7553: 7536: 7526: 7501: 7491: 7467: 7439: 7414: 7404: 7387: 7377: 7358: 7339: 7320: 7298: 7274: 7264: 7247: 7237: 7220: 7210: 7191: 7172: 7155: 7145: 7128: 7118: 7099: 7082: 7072: 7053: 7036: 7026: 7007: 6990: 6980: 6961: 6942: 6925: 6915: 6898: 6888: 6866: 6856: 6834: 6817: 6807: 6787: 6777: 2598: 2594: 2545: 2518: 2473: 2371: 2090: 2055: 2054:, a crossbowmen and a pikeman. Charles designed a uniform for each of the companies ( 1932: 1694: 1664: 1620: 1592: 1584: 1505: 1495: 1460: 1336: 1263: 1255: 1193: 1042: 934: 881: 789: 620:, the inhabitants were delighted to see their count—the young Charles—in their land. 596: 518: 514: 390: 327: 262: 134: 114: 10189: 8211:

Boehm, Laetitia (1979). "Burgundy and the Empire in the Reign of Charles the Bold".

2655:

Den droom van Rouere op die doot van hertoge Kaerle van Borgonnyen saleger gedachten

2621: 2342: 1643:

King Ferdinand I of Naples depicted as a knight of the Oder of the Golden Fleece in

1628: 1402:

Upon ascension as duke in 1468, Charles sought to dismantle the jurisdiction of the

930: 10014: 9922: 9844: 9442: 9422: 9402: 9347: 9337: 9324: 9314: 9187: 9143: 9133: 9081: 9038: 8997: 8993: 8965: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8906: 8815: 8732: 8682: 8630: 8548:

Williams, Gareth (2014). "Fools Rush In: Charles the Bold and the Siege of Neuss".

8528: 8460: 8373: 8369: 8336: 8220: 8080: 7789:

Isabel of Burgundy : the Duchess who played politics in the age of Joan of Arc

7763: 7657: 7571: 7518: 7431: 6831:

Images of Kingship in Early Modern France: Louis XI in Political Thought, 1560-1789

6799: 2590: 1976: 1936: 1875: 1133: 1113: 845: 828: 808: 773: 678: 535: 477: 410: 406: 355: 237: 94: 66: 31: 9629: 9216: 8224: 8100:

Beazley, Matthew (2014). "Burgundian blunder at Concise: The Battle of Grandson".

7261:

Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe

7004:

Problematics of Military Power: Government, Discipline and the Subject of Violence

2575: 1683: 1567: 793: 420:

A passionate musician and patron of the arts, Charles supported the production of

9906: 9763: 9468: 9417: 9407: 9377: 9273: 9268: 9243: 9182: 9071: 9061: 8933: 8928: 8919: 8910: 8899: 8870: 8791: 8482:"La jeunesse de Charles le Téméraire d'après les comptes de la cour de Bourgogne" 8340: 6882: 2700: 2582: 2567: 2529: 2478: 2427: 2417: 2338: 2231: 2171: 2085: 2051: 2047: 2023: 1910: 1718: 1360: 588: 465: 461: 445: 363: 307: 84: 7488:

Monarchs of the Renaissance The Lives and Reigns of 42 European Kings and Queens

1534:

seriously consider a crusade and that was only after a meeting with the deposed

960:

The League of the Public Weal was a confederation of prominent French Princes —

9253: 8586: 7295:

Rhetoric and the Discourses of Power in Court Culture: China, Europe, and Japan

2541: 2364:

On 27 May, Charles and his army began their slow march towards the fortress of

2239: 2099: 1906: 1891: 1656: 1616: 1521: 1517: 1341: 1180: 1117: 992:, a few miles south. On learning Charles's position, Louis moved to fight him. 760: 756: 453: 438: 8410: 8005: 7978: 7905: 7661: 7540: 7251: 2501:

Duke René II of Lorraine holding the hands of the corpse of Charles the Bold,

1939:, one of the most well-known composers of his era. Among his other works were 648:

well enough to travel, Catherine and her mother-in-law, Isabella journeyed to

632:

Charles, aged 12 or 13, standing beside his father, Philip, Duke of Burgundy;

10262: 10078: 8807: 8754: 8712: 8704: 8674: 8652: 8602: 8569: 8561: 8540: 8507: 8499: 8486: 8443: 8435: 8394: 8315: 8299: 8287:

Tijdschrift van de Koninklijke Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis

8277: 8261: 8253: 8195: 8187: 8158: 8121: 8113: 8092: 8084: 7932: 7878: 7728: 7679: 7567: 7505: 7471: 7418: 7391: 7312: 7159: 7040: 6929: 6902: 6848: 6791: 2571: 2439: 2325:

to reorganize his army in hopes of entering the battlefield two weeks later.

2285:. At the beginning of 1476, Charles besieged the recently captured castle of 2282: 2074: 2035: 1999: 1944: 1902: 1883: 1871: 1829: 1702: 1483: 1436: 995: 878:

The Duke of Burgundy providing a sumptuous feast for Louis, Dauphin of France

842:

In 1462, Charles survived a poisoning attempt on his life by Jehan Coustain,

777: 611:, as the eight-year-old Charles's guardian. D'Auxy later served as Charles's 546: 501:

Charles Martin (second forename) was born on 10 November 1433 in the city of

374:

of France. In 1465 Charles led a successful revolt of Louis's vassals in the

267: 130: 8166: 7806: 7755: 7435: 7278: 7224: 7132: 7086: 7069:

The Court as a Stage: England and the Low Countries in the Later Middle Ages

6870: 6821: 2104:

exercises from Vegetius for soldiers to keep them prepared and disciplined.

1254:

The Burgundian state under Charles was divided into two separate areas, the

720: 707:

was incorporated into Philip the Good's realm, as part of Isabella's dowry.

9367: 8686: 8383:"Rhétorique de la perte. L'exemple de la mort d'Isabelle de Bourbon (1465)" 8294:. Koninklijke Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis (KVNM): 3–18. 6994: 2661:

The hatred between Charles the Bold and Louis XI was an inspiration in the

2166: 2129: 2113: 2010: 1980: 1898: 1701:

was attached to the King of France through his marriage with Louis' niece,

1608: 1525: 1479: 1475: 1386:

Solemn opening session of the Parliament of Mechelen under Charles the Bold

1275: 1097: 812: 785: 480:. Charles's daughter, Mary, was the last of Charles's dynasty. Mary's son, 449: 426: 409:

for an English alliance. He arranged the betrothal between his sole child,

394: 2298: 1603:

and Bohemia. In 1473, through negotiations with the new Duke of Lorraine,

985: 9489: 7522: 2760:

all the world to come to him with all (its) cannon and all (its) manpower

2728: 2727:

This encounter showcased the economical and cultural differences between

2645:

Charles' death and the crisis of 1477 was an inspiration to two authors,

2447: 2396: 1972: 1727: 1530: 1491: 1070: 909: 797: 8577: 8402: 8348: 8324: 8307: 8269: 8232: 8203: 8129: 7942:

The Image and Perception of Monarchy in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

6802:(1998). "The Business of Art : Patrons, Clients, and Art Markets". 6776:. The New Cultural History of Music. New York: Oxford University Press. 2158: 1562:

Charles the Bold ordering Louis IX to sign the Treaty of Péronne; 1913;

635:

Jean Wauquelin presenting his 'Chroniques de Hainaut' to Philip the Good

48: 9524: 8240:

Dean, Sidney (2014). "Battle of Nancy: End game for Charles the Bold".

2388: 2226:

forces in Spring 1475, he took seventeen days to march from Cologne to

2146: 1996: 1824: 1775:

across the continent. Even future generations admired Charles's court.

1706: 1510: 1428: 1416: 1236: 1057:

Portrait of Charles the Bold depicted as Caesar during his Joyous Entry

851: 816: 744: 644: 573: 8472: 6853:

The Promised Lands: The Low Countries Under Burgundian Rule, 1369-1530

5498: 3318: 2461:; the Burgundian garrison in Nancy, and 8,000 reinforcements from the 1655:

At the start of Louis XI's reign, Italy's triple alliance between the

1639: 1600: 1330:

In October 1473, both parties reached Trier; the Emperor with his son

1029: 9887: 7650:

Schnerb, Bertrand (2008). "Burgundy". In Allmand, Christopher (ed.).

6912:

Court and Civic Society in the Burgundian Low Countries, C. 1420-1520

6731: 6583: 6581: 6579: 4775: 4554: 4552: 4472: 4230: 4228: 4119: 2031: 2027: 1968: 1788: 1682:, and the Pope did not recognize his claim to the throne. Meanwhile, 1109: 922: 897: 824: 577: 506: 382: 7142:

False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence: George, Duke of Clarence 1449-78

6884:

Antoine Busnoys: Method, Meaning, and Context in Late Medieval Music

6649: 6647: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4053: 4051: 4026: 4024: 3437: 3435: 1045:

to Charles, Duke of Berry and returned the Somme lands to Burgundy.

8727:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

8627:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

8464: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2634: 2400: 2392: 2353: 2139: 2108: 2094: 1887: 1819: 1412: 1279: 1259: 1240: 1220: 1211: 1096:

On 26 September 1465, Charles's wife, Isabella of Bourbon, died of

1037:

for them. Louis XI was forced to negotiate. The parties signed the

889: 836: 801: 602: 371: 9007: 8143:

Chronica. Annual of the Institute of History, University of Szeged

6671: 6659: 6632: 6576: 5414: 4576: 4549: 4392: 4324: 4225: 2563: 724:

Portraits of Philip the Good and Charles the Bold, folio from the

8076: 6644: 6395: 6371: 6233: 6155: 5766: 5737: 5674: 5602: 5590: 5522: 5486: 5342: 5318: 5155: 4823: 4758: 4564: 4420: 4048: 4021: 3776: 3432: 3306: 2585:

on 11 February 1477 and restored powers to the States General in

2482: 1940: 1580: 1499: 1364: 1228: 989: 893: 402: 292: 7234:

Trust and Happiness in the History of European Political Thought

6499: 6497: 6349: 6347: 5999: 5997: 5783: 5781: 5691: 5689: 5563: 5561: 5055: 4931: 4919: 4883: 4172: 4148: 4107: 4079: 3954: 3728: 2856: 1927:, a song that may have been written for him. Charles composed a 1913:, who became his choirmaster; his court musicians also included 8842: 5798: 5796: 4979: 4627: 4011: 4009: 3635: 3633: 3476: 3474: 2817: 2365: 2346: 2150: 1855: 1547: 1424: 1267: 1224: 1161: 1105: 926: 704: 539: 531: 8389:(in French) (27). Presses Universitaires de Vincennes: 15–24. 7915:

Charles the Bold and Italy (1467-1477): Politics and Personnel

7595:

Europa und die osmanische Expansion im ausgehenden Mittelalter

6977:

The Law of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France

5294: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3255: 3253: 3143: 3141: 2673:, portrays Charles and Louis reconciling by drinking from the 939: 362:, ruling from 1467 to 1477. He was the only legitimate son of 6914:. Manchester: Manchester University Press NBN International. 6719: 6494: 6470: 6383: 6344: 6033: 6021: 5994: 5937: 5925: 5862: 5778: 5686: 5558: 5534: 4859: 3357: 3294: 2628:, her son Charles, and their entourage at the gates of Bruges 2510: 2196: 2154: 2093:, his soldiers would both command and obey. The influence of 1928: 1867: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1324: 1248: 1244: 1172: 905: 674: 583:

Until the age of six, Charles was brought up by his cousins,

502: 386: 110: 7888:

Northern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places

6620: 5886: 5793: 5650: 5546: 5306: 5282: 4537: 4380: 4196: 4184: 4006: 3630: 3471: 3272: 3270: 3268: 1579:, were nothing more than a formality. Kings of Scotland and 1302:

Meeting of Charles the Bold and Frederick III in Trier, 1473

691:

Charles remained a widower for eight years until he married

517:

created by him in 1430. The infant also became the count of

8517:"Charles the Bold and the crusade: politics and propaganda" 7656:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 431–456. 7428:À l'ombre du Pouvoir: Les entourages princiers au Moyen Âge 4907: 3613: 3576: 3393: 3381: 3250: 3169: 3138: 3008: 2958: 2956: 2674: 2486: 2290: 2227: 2219: 2215: 1693:

The Duchy of Milan was France's most important ally in the

1205: 430: 10142: 6939:

Civic Ceremony and Religion in Medieval Bruges C.1300–1520

6598: 6596: 6262: 6260: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5903: 5901: 5874: 5840: 5838: 5813: 5811: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5426: 4708: 4706: 4593: 4591: 4515: 4513: 4511: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3841: 3498: 3214: 2481:

he fell from his horse, and was struck on his head with a

53:

Charles the Bold in about 1460, wearing the collar of the

8762:

Baboukis, Johanna M. (2010a). "Montlhéry, Battle of". In

7766:(2009). "Music for an intellectual and political elite". 7614:

Reputation and Representation in Fifteenth-Century Europe

6320: 6221: 6187: 6185: 6172: 6170: 6094: 6092: 6052: 6050: 6048: 5701: 5474: 5270: 5258: 5246: 4603: 4264: 3547: 3545: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3369: 3347: 3345: 3330: 3265: 3226: 8780:

Baboukis, Johanna M. (2010c). "Grandson, Battle of". In

8325:"Social memory and rebellion in fifteenth-century Ghent" 6806:. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 23–39. 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6535: 6533: 6436: 6434: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5438: 5366: 4496: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4138: 4136: 4134: 3918: 3894: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3718: 3716: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3104: 3102: 3077: 3075: 3060: 3048: 2953: 2807: 2805: 2234:, and all parties signed a peace treaty on 29 May 1475. 2080:

Charles's ordinances were mostly inspired by Xenophon's

8069:

Publications du Centre Européen d'Études Bourguignonnes

7886:

Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul; Ring, Trudy (2013).

6593: 6359: 6308: 6257: 6197: 6131: 6104: 6009: 5977: 5949: 5913: 5898: 5850: 5835: 5823: 5808: 5749: 5725: 5662: 5626: 5614: 5510: 5354: 5222: 5184: 5182: 4895: 4871: 4835: 4703: 4615: 4588: 4525: 4508: 4484: 4444: 4432: 4368: 4312: 4288: 4276: 4160: 3942: 3877: 3865: 3800: 2165:

The rebelling Alsatian cities and the Swiss formed the

1274:

to his court to negotiate the purchase of his lands in

665:" (which was also the motto of the Kingdom of France). 7635:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 187–211. 7490:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. 7357:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 7115:

Crusading in the Fifteenth Century: Message and Impact

6958:

German Histories in the Age of Reformations, 1400–1650

6707: 6608: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6332: 6296: 6284: 6272: 6245: 6209: 6182: 6167: 6143: 6089: 6062: 6045: 5462: 5330: 4036: 3966: 3930: 3906: 3788: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3542: 3486: 3459: 3447: 3405: 3342: 2984: 2913: 2846: 2844: 953:

in 1464, he provoked war against Louis by forming the

8771:

Baboukis, Johanna M. (2010b). "Charles the Bold". In

7885: 6695: 6683: 6564: 6545: 6530: 6458: 6446: 6431: 5713: 5638: 5573: 5450: 5402: 5378: 5234: 5143: 5095: 5031: 5019: 4967: 4847: 4811: 4799: 4787: 4746: 4651: 4300: 4252: 4240: 4208: 4131: 4125: 3853: 3812: 3713: 3701: 3673: 3645: 3588: 3557: 3282: 3238: 3193: 3114: 3099: 3072: 2802: 2618:

La Duchesse de Bourgogne arrêtée aux portes de Bruges

1948: 7401:

A Bewitched Duchy: Lorraine and Its Dukes, 1477-1736

6743: 5390: 5210: 5179: 5167: 5131: 5119: 5107: 5067: 4991: 4718: 4691: 4679: 4639: 3181: 3126: 3087: 3036: 2996: 2772: 2753: 2704: 2694: 2369: 2039: 1984: 948: 900:

after the quarrel between him and his son, Charles.

860: 843: 767: 683: 600: 8282:"Charles the Bold as a Patron, Singer and Composer" 6887:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 53–68. 6509: 6482: 6419: 6407: 5043: 4955: 4943: 3994: 3829: 2941: 2901: 2889: 2841: 2513:, his Portuguese personal physician, his chaplain, 1958: 1160:, worn at her wedding, then donated to a church in 1062:Charles arranged the funeral for his father in the 576:. The wedded children were put under the care of a 9804: 9536: 8795: 8724: 8668: 8620: 8015:Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy 7459:Charles the Bold, last duke of Burgundy, 1433-1477 7333: 6855:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 6847: 6677: 6665: 6638: 6587: 5504: 5420: 4582: 4558: 4410: 4398: 4358: 4342: 4330: 4234: 4057: 4030: 3988: 3782: 3536: 3520: 3441: 3324: 3312: 2867: 2829: 2536:, beside his daughter, Mary of Burgundy. In 1559, 2297:. As he had foreseen, the Swiss army marched from 2030:, and carpenters. The second ordinance, issued at 1463:, opening of the Prayer Book of Charles the Bold, 8355: 8032:Villalon, L. J. Andrew; Kagay, Donald J. (2005). 8012: 7819:The World of the Crusades: An Illustrated History 7738:The Artillery of the Dukes of Burgundy, 1363-1477 7597:. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 13–39. 7050:The Parliaments of Early Modern Europe, 1400-1700 6737: 6653: 6401: 6377: 6239: 6161: 5772: 5743: 5680: 5608: 5596: 5528: 5492: 5348: 5324: 5200: 5161: 5089: 5061: 5013: 4937: 4925: 4889: 4829: 4781: 4769: 4669: 4570: 4478: 4426: 4178: 4154: 4113: 4097: 4085: 4069: 3960: 3734: 2974: 2823: 1564:Histoire de France et notions d'Histoire Générale 456:, he was defeated by the Swiss in the battles of 10260: 7772:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1882:. Charles and his wife Margaret were patrons of 1675:, a ruler admired by both Charles and Louis XI. 1262:in the north. To unify them, Charles needed the 1017:. He attacked into the French left flank led by 715: 10364:Grand masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece 9129:Assassination of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, 1407 7939: 7736:Smith, Robert Douglas; De Vries, Kelly (2005). 7020: 4985: 4633: 1293: 1171:Charles and Margaret were married on 3 July at 7592: 7297:. Washington: University of Washington Press. 7258: 7117:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 6725: 5312: 5300: 5288: 2693:According to Bart van Loo, Charles's epithet, 2222:and sinking overloaded barges into the Rhine. 1752:Vasco de Lucena presenting his translation of 1200:rebelled against his father, the ruling duke, 9505: 9023: 8790: 8031: 7735: 7566: 7204: 6626: 6503: 6476: 6389: 6353: 6039: 6027: 6003: 5967: 5943: 5931: 5892: 5868: 5802: 5787: 5695: 5567: 5540: 5432: 4865: 4202: 4190: 4101: 4015: 3667: 3639: 3480: 1779:, for instance, on the urging of his father, 1352:, and be recognised as the duke of Guelders. 1323:, who agreed to have an audience with him in 1002:, early-16th-century miniature illustrating 8013:Vaughan, Richard; Paravicini, Wener (2002). 7985: 7944:. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 7512: 7355:Government and Community: England, 1450-1509 7231: 5552: 4543: 3624: 3582: 3399: 3387: 3259: 3175: 3159: 3147: 3026: 3014: 2755:Der Meyer zu Lockie an den Grafen zu Aarburg 2608: 856:States General of the Burgundian Netherlands 776:, as his chamberlain. Antoin was the son of 472:and his Swiss army. His death triggered the 429:. He turned down multiple requests from the 389:in the south. For this purpose, he acquired 350:(10 November 1433 – 5 January 1477), called 9281:War of the Burgundian Succession, 1477-1482 7190:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc. 2633:(Low Countries) and the "lands over here" ( 2345:, 1894, now in the Eugène Burnand Museum, 1509:, she and Charles are shown as devotees of 1231:rejected Arnold's will, and Louis XI asked 699:, and Philip the Good's niece. Her father, 677:. Charles left shortly before the decisive 9519: 9512: 9498: 9030: 9016: 7425: 6909: 3924: 3900: 3426: 3375: 3363: 3336: 3300: 3276: 2624:. 19th-century depiction of the arrest of 2544:for the repose of the soul of Charles and 2207:Siege of Neuss by Charles the Bold in 1475 1794:During Charles's reign, the production of 1591:. However, the mutual friendship with the 1457:Charles the Bold presented by Saint George 47: 8779: 8770: 8761: 8666: 8219:(2). Taylor & Francis, Ltd: 153–162. 7835: 7611: 7576:The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials 7292: 7263:. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum. 7209:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7066: 7021:D'Arcy, Jonathan; Dacre, Boulton (2000). 6979:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6960:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6941:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6798: 6126: 6084: 6056: 5707: 5372: 5336: 5276: 5264: 5252: 4609: 3948: 3888: 3871: 3847: 3651: 3607: 3054: 2962: 2337:The flight of Charles the Bold after the 1846:containing moral and didactic stories of 1842:to compose a "didactic chronicle" called 1678:Ferdinand was the legitimised bastard of 1498:which was completed in 1469. The opening 1319:, Charles was a coveted ally for Emperor 1186: 564:, King of France, marking the end of the 468:on 5 January 1477, fighting against Duke 224: 9139:Assassination of John the Fearless, 1419 9124:Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War, 1407-1435 8597:(1). Birmingham University Press: 8–34. 8591:Swiss American Historical Society Review 8547: 8139:"Matthias Corvinus and Charles the Bold" 7838:Margaret of York: The Diabolical Duchess 7762: 7686: 7630: 7371: 7093: 5988: 5955: 5907: 5880: 5856: 5844: 5731: 5444: 5360: 4621: 4597: 4531: 4502: 3806: 2665:moralistic dialogues by authors such as 2612: 2496: 2421: 2332: 2261: 2201: 2190:against a rebellion, hoping to turn the 2128: 2060: 2009: 1747: 1638: 1557: 1451: 1380: 1307:Austria proposed Charles to be the next 1297: 1210: 1152: 1052: 994: 872: 868: 719: 627: 8820:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.04366 8618: 8584: 8450: 8380: 8322: 8276: 8173: 8099: 8059: 7988:Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy 7986:Vaughan, Richard; Small, Graem (2010). 7958: 7940:Woodacre, Elena; McGlynn, Sean (2014). 7813: 7649: 7547: 7259:Kren, Thomas; McKendrick, Scot (2003). 7185: 7112: 6974: 6713: 6602: 6365: 6338: 6326: 6314: 6302: 6290: 6278: 6266: 6251: 6227: 6215: 6203: 6191: 6176: 6149: 6137: 6122: 6110: 6098: 6080: 6068: 6015: 5971: 5919: 5829: 5817: 5760: 5668: 5656: 5632: 5620: 5516: 5480: 5468: 5456: 5384: 5228: 4913: 4901: 4877: 4841: 4736: 4712: 4519: 4490: 4466: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4414: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4318: 4294: 4282: 4166: 4073: 4042: 3972: 3936: 3912: 3794: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3695: 3691: 3679: 3663: 3551: 3532: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3465: 3453: 3414: 3351: 3288: 3208: 2990: 2919: 2811: 2289:which was fortified by a garrison from 2034:in 1471, proclaimed the formation of a 1991:; and both songs start with the phrase 1282:, close to Swiss borders, alarming the 1024:While each side claimed victory at the 937:. Philip agreed to accept 400,000 gold 401:; and gradually became an enemy of the 216: 14: 10274:Nobility of the Burgundian Netherlands 10261: 8781: 8772: 8763: 8719: 8679:Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle 8356:Jongenelen, Bas; Parsons, Ben (2016). 8136: 7786: 7740:. Rochester, New York: Boydell Press. 7485: 7452: 7398: 7352: 7311: 7047: 6910:Brown, Anthony; Small, Graeme (2007). 6701: 6689: 6614: 6539: 4817: 4805: 4793: 4752: 4142: 3859: 3823: 3722: 3707: 3570: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3187: 3163: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3093: 3081: 3066: 3030: 3002: 2978: 2947: 2935: 2931: 2895: 2883: 2879: 2850: 2835: 2124: 2015:Military Ordinance of Charles the Bold 1838:into French. In 1468, he commissioned 1812:into French to replace the inadequate 1542:) who agreed to cede his claim as the 800:and Philip got lost in the forests of 695:in 1454. Isabella was the daughter of 10141: 9803: 9535: 9493: 9011: 8731:. New York: Oxford University Press. 8629:. New York: Oxford University Press. 8514: 8479: 8417: 8210: 7912: 7857:A History of Europe From 1378 to 1494 7854: 7708: 7317:The Valois: Kings of France 1328-1589 7232:Kontler, Laszlo; Somos, Mark (2017). 7166: 7139: 7001: 6955: 6936: 6877: 6828: 6771: 6749: 6570: 6558: 6464: 6452: 6440: 5719: 5644: 5584: 5408: 5396: 5240: 5216: 5204: 5188: 5173: 5149: 5137: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5085: 5073: 5049: 5037: 5025: 5009: 4997: 4973: 4961: 4949: 4853: 4740: 4724: 4697: 4685: 4673: 4657: 4645: 4346: 4306: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4219: 4000: 3984: 3835: 3042: 2907: 2251: 1802:, he commissioned the translation of 1091: 984:July, Charles reached the village of 943:from Louis to return those cities to 710: 8737:10.1093/acref/9780195334036.001.0001 8635:10.1093/acref/9780195334036.001.0001 8420:"Le tombeau de Charles le Téméraire" 8368:(2). Taylor & Francis: 306–318. 8335:(4). Taylor & Francis: 443–463. 8239: 8034:The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus 7821:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 7336:The illusion of the Burgundian state 6524: 6488: 6425: 6413: 2017:, Master of Fitzwilliam 268, c. 1475 1611:. Among Charles's other allies were 1126:George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence 187: 10374:Military personnel killed in action 9298:Second Utrecht Civil War, 1481-1483 9037: 7713:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7694:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. 7578:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7334:Lecuppre-Desjardin, Élodie (2022). 4126:Watson, Schellinger & Ring 2013 2649:and Anthonis de Roovere, who wrote 2528:exhumed the body and brought it to 1112:for a marriage between his sister, 1086: 668:In 1449, the wealthy city of Ghent 534:, in fear of multiple outbreaks of 437:to undertake a crusade against the 250: 179: 24: 10294:Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy) 9239:First Utrecht Civil War, 1470-1474 9002:23 February 1473 – 5 January 1477 8527:(3). Taylor & Francis: 53–86. 7961:The Burgundians: A Vanished Empire 7653:The New Cambridge Medieval History 7616:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 81–123. 2546:commemorated the date of his death 2411: 2328: 2133:Trial of Peter von Hagenbach, 1474 2119: 1764:Le Jardin de vertueuse consolation 560:, Philip the Good reconciled with 76:15 June 1467 – 5 January 1477 27:Duke of Burgundy from 1467 to 1477 25: 10400: 8835: 8017:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 7990:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. 7319:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2426:Charles's corpse found after the 2177: 10188: 9886: 9628: 9090: 8841: 8611: 8362:Journal of Low Countries Studies 8213:The International History Review 7890:. London: Taylor & Francis. 7513:Querengässer, Alexander (2021). 7477: 7376:. London: Taylor & Francis. 7284: 7052:. London: Taylor & Francis. 6116: 6074: 5961: 5194: 5079: 5003: 4730: 4663: 4456: 4404: 4352: 4336: 2781: 2765: 2743: 2734: 2721: 2558:War of the Burgundian Succession 1935:, presumably in the presence of 1809:Histories of Alexander the Great 1762:to Charles the Bold. Folio from 1759:Histories of Alexander the Great 1645:Statuts, Ordonnances et Armorial 1270:. On 21 March 1469, he received 792:and a member of the influential 747:. Philip the Good hoped to meet 591:, who both were the children of 474:War of the Burgundian Succession 464:. Charles was killed during the 337: 8625:. In Rogers, Cliford J. (ed.). 8622:"France, Narrative (1328-1483)" 7840:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. 7769:Oxford History of Western Music 6759: 4091: 4063: 3978: 3685: 3657: 3526: 3510: 3153: 3020: 2968: 2925: 2712: 1736:liken a genuine union anymore. 1524:sent three instructions to the 1419:. The city would house the new 385:in the north to the borders of 246: 212: 175: 8960:15 July 1467 – 5 January 1477 8374:10.1080/03096564.2006.11730886 7403:. Genève: Librairie Droz S.A. 7188:Louis XI: The Universal Spider 7067:Gunn, S.J.; Janse, A. (2006). 6639:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 6588:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 5421:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 4583:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 4559:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 4058:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 4031:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3989:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3783:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3537:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3521:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3442:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3325:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 3313:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 2873: 2868:Blockmans & Pervenier 1999 2687: 1570:, illustrated by Valéry Müller 1376: 1272:Sigismund, Archduke of Austria 13: 1: 9161:Battle of Brouwershaven, 1426 8979:August 1433 – 5 January 1477 8667:Hemelryck, Tania van (2016). 8225:10.1080/07075332.1979.9640180 7836:Weightman, Christine (2009). 7205:Koenigsberger, H. G. (2001). 7186:Kendall, Paul Murray (1971). 7144:. Bangor: Headstart History. 7025:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 6738:Jongenelen & Parsons 2016 6654:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 6402:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 6378:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 6240:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 6162:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5773:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5744:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5681:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5609:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5597:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5529:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5493:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5349:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5325:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5201:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5162:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5090:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5062:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 5014:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4938:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4926:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4890:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4830:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4782:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4770:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4670:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4571:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4479:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4427:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4179:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4155:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4114:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4098:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4086:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 4070:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 3961:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 3735:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 2975:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 2824:Vaughan & Paravicini 2002 2795: 2271:Diebold Schilling the Younger 1464: 947:. When Charles was chosen as 729: 716:Disputes with Philip the Good 566:Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War 491: 10384:15th-century dukes in Europe 10379:15th-century peers of France 10369:Knights of the Golden Fleece 9200:War of the Common Weal, 1465 9156:Hook and Cod wars, 1417-1490 8827:UK public library membership 8619:Ditcham, Brian G.H. (2010). 8556:(4). Karwansaray BV: 22–26. 8533:10.1016/0304-4181(77)90040-9 8341:10.1080/03071022.2011.610631 8248:(4). Karwansaray BV: 39–43. 8182:(4). Karwansaray BV: 43–48. 8108:(4). Karwansaray BV: 27–33. 7353:Lander, Jack Robert (1980). 7293:Knechtges, David R. (2012). 7048:Graves, Michael A.R (2014). 6851:; Pervenier, Walter (1999). 2657:respectively about his death 2551: 1713:Charles's relation with the 1553: 1294:Meeting the Emperor in Trier 1048: 966:Francis II, Duke of Brittany 496: 220: 183: 7: 9195:Feast of the Pheasant, 1454 8521:Journal of Medieval History 8381:Kiening, Christian (1994). 8052: 7399:Monter, E. William (2007). 7002:Drake, Michael S. (2013) . 6829:Bakos, Adrianna E. (2013). 4634:Woodacre & McGlynn 2014 2773: 2754: 2705: 2695: 2370: 2040: 2005: 1985: 1959: 1949: 1723:their war with the Ottomans 1490:as well. He commissioned a 1447: 1371: 1009:On 16 July, the two armies 949: 861: 850:. Coustain was executed in 844: 839:were typical of that time. 768: 684: 601: 511:knight of the Golden Fleece 454:unsuccessful siege of Neuss 10: 10405: 10092:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 9479:Order of the Golden Fleece 9343:Duchy of Bavaria-Straubing 9259:Battle on the Planta, 1475 9244:Burgundian Wars, 1474–1477 9222:Battle of Montenaken, 1465 9114:Crusade of Nicopolis, 1396 8956:Count Palatine of Burgundy 8677:; Bratu, Cristian (eds.). 8515:Walsh, Richard J. (1977). 7913:Walsh, Richard J. (2005). 7517:. Havertown: Oxbow Books. 7486:Potter, Philip J. (2012). 7140:Hicks, Michael A. (1992). 5313:Kren & McKendrick 2003 5301:Kren & McKendrick 2003 5289:Kren & McKendrick 2003 2703:. While Philip's epithet, 2555: 2534:Church of Our Lady, Bruges 2415: 2255: 1880:Master of Mary of Burgundy 1815:Roman d'Alexandre en prose 1041:, which ceded the rule of 1019:Charles IV, Count of Maine 751:and attach the emperor to 701:Charles I, Duke of Bourbon 146:Church of Our Lady, Bruges 55:Order of the Golden Fleece 29: 10197: 10186: 10155: 10151: 10144:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 10137: 10090: 10059: 10036: 10013: 9943: 9895: 9884: 9817: 9813: 9799: 9728: 9683: 9660: 9637: 9626: 9551:Elder House of Luxembourg 9549: 9545: 9531: 9451: 9323: 9303:Battle of Westbroek, 1481 9286:Battle of Guinegate, 1479 9249:Battle of Héricourt, 1474 9205:Battle of Montlhéry, 1465 9109:Battle of Roosebeke, 1382 9099: 9088: 9047: 8991: 8983: 8972: 8962: 8904: 8896: 8891: 8856: 8453:French Historical Studies 7662:10.1017/CHOL9780521382960 6956:Brady, Thomas A. (2009). 6504:Smith & De Vries 2005 6477:Smith & De Vries 2005 6390:Smith & De Vries 2005 6354:Smith & De Vries 2005 6040:Smith & De Vries 2005 6028:Smith & De Vries 2005 6004:Smith & De Vries 2005 5968:Smith & De Vries 2005 5944:Smith & De Vries 2005 5932:Smith & De Vries 2005 5893:Smith & De Vries 2005 5869:Villalon & Kagay 2005 5803:Simpson & Heller 2013 5788:Smith & De Vries 2005 5696:Smith & De Vries 2005 5568:Smith & De Vries 2005 5541:Smith & De Vries 2005 5433:Wright & Fallows 2001 4866:Smith & De Vries 2005 4203:Simpson & Heller 2013 4191:Simpson & Heller 2013 4102:Smith & De Vries 2005 4016:Smith & De Vries 2005 3668:Smith & De Vries 2005 3640:Smith & De Vries 2005 3481:Smith & De Vries 2005 2609:Historiography and legacy 2492: 1967:), both are from Italian 1921:. His favourite song was 1901:, ceremonial trumpeters, 1415:in his 1473 ordinance of 1166:Aachen Cathedral Treasury 1158:Crown of Margaret of York 1083:'s constitution in 1301. 955:League of the Public Weal 807:When Charles's daughter, 333: 323: 313: 303: 291: 282: 277: 273: 261: 152: 140: 120: 104: 100: 90: 80: 72: 65: 46: 41: 10279:House of Valois-Burgundy 10199:House of Nassau-Weilburg 9897:House of Valois-Burgundy 9264:Battle of Grandson, 1476 9217:Wars of Liège, 1465-1468 9210:Treaty of Conflans, 1465 9178:Siege of Oudenaarde 1452 9173:Revolt of Ghent, 1449–53 8863:House of Valois-Burgundy 8585:Winkler, Albert (2010). 8085:10.1484/J.PCEEB.2.302198 7963:. London: Head of Zeus. 7372:Nicholas, David (2014). 7094:Golubeva, Maria (2013). 6824:– via H.N. Abrams. 6764: 4544:Kontler & Somos 2017 3625:Vaughan & Small 2010 3583:Vaughan & Small 2010 3400:Vaughan & Small 2010 3388:Vaughan & Small 2010 3260:Vaughan & Small 2010 3176:Vaughan & Small 2010 3160:Vaughan & Small 2010 3148:Vaughan & Small 2010 3027:Vaughan & Small 2010 3015:Vaughan & Small 2010 2680: 2406: 2112:contemporary chronicler 1975:; in their use of pitch 1649:Toison d'or King of Arms 1390:Museum Hof van Busleyden 1064:St. Donatian's Cathedral 970:John II, Duke of Bourbon 846:premier valet de chambre 623: 360:House of Valois-Burgundy 30:Not to be confused with 9254:Siege of Neuss, 1474-75 9232:Treaty of Péronne, 1468 9227:Battle of Brustem, 1467 9166:Siege of Deventer, 1456 9149:Congress of Arras, 1435 8812:Oxford University Press 8480:Sommé, Monique (1982). 8418:Salet, Francis (1982). 8323:Haemers, Jelle (2011). 8137:Barany, Attila (2016). 7548:Roelens, Jonas (2024). 7436:10.4000/books.pulg.5562 7071:. Woodbridge: Boydell. 7006:. Portland: Routledge. 6678:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 6666:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 5505:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 4986:D'Arcy & Dacre 2000 4411:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 4399:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 4359:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 4343:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 4331:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 4235:Lecuppre-Desjardin 2022 2269:, miniature of 1515 by 2209:, Adriaen Van den Houte 2067:New York Public Library 1955:of the Duke of Burgundy 1844:Histoire de Toison d'Or 1796:illuminated manuscripts 1770:, between 1470 and 1475 1743: 1409:central sovereign court 422:illuminated manuscripts 10157:House of Orange-Nassau 9979:Isabella Clara Eugenia 9333:Margraviate of Antwerp 9315:Treaty of Senlis, 1493 9308:Siege of Utrecht, 1483 9188:Battle of Gavere, 1453 9144:Treaty of Troyes, 1420 9134:Cabochien Revolt, 1413 8687:10.1524/hzhz.2013.0033 8670:"Fillastre, Guillaume" 7959:Van Loo, Bart (2021). 7863:: Taylor and Francis. 7787:Taylor, Aline (2002). 7709:Stein, Robert (2017). 7167:Jenks, Stuart (2018). 6975:Cuttler, S.H. (1981). 6937:Brown, Andrew (2010). 3925:Brown & Small 2007 3901:Brown & Small 2007 2629: 2506: 2442: 2349: 2277: 2210: 2134: 2084:. After observing how 2069: 2042:Compagnie d'ordonnance 2018: 1950:Del ducha di borghogna 1905:, an organist and the 1771: 1652: 1571: 1470: 1399: 1388:, Jan Coessaet, 1587, 1303: 1216: 1187:Territorial expansions 1168: 1058: 1006: 964:, the king's brother, 885: 735: 639: 486:Burgundian Netherlands 376:War of the Public Weal 10359:Knights of the Garter 9662:House of Hohenstaufen 9291:Treaty of Arras, 1482 9274:Battle of Nancy, 1477 9269:Battle of Morat, 1476 9183:Battle of Bazel, 1452 9119:Battle of Othée, 1408 6833:. London: Routledge. 5277:Gunn & Janse 2006 5265:Gunn & Janse 2006 5253:Gunn & Janse 2006 3055:Gunn & Janse 2006 2671:Dialogues of the dead 2651:Le chevalier délibéré 2616: 2503:Chronique scandaleuse 2500: 2425: 2352:Charles retreated to 2336: 2307:Louis de Châlon-Arlay 2265: 2205: 2184:Archbishop of Cologne 2132: 2064: 2013: 1931:that was sung in the 1804:Quintus Curtius Rufus 1754:Quintus Curtius Rufus 1751: 1699:Galeazzo Maria Sforza 1673:Ferdinand I of Naples 1647:by Gilles Gobet, the 1642: 1561: 1455: 1384: 1301: 1247:quickly surrendered. 1214: 1156: 1056: 998: 904:king on 31 August in 876: 869:Rivalry with Louis XI 723: 662:Montjoie Saint Denis! 631: 551:University of Louvain 415:Maximilian of Austria 59:Rogier van der Weyden 10038:House of Wittelsbach 9433:Bishopric of Utrecht 8868:Cadet branch of the 8850:at Wikimedia Commons 8494:(245–255): 731–750. 8151:University of Szeged 8061:Allmand, Christopher 7855:Waugh, W.T. (2016). 7815:Tyerman, Christopher 7688:Schryver, Antoine de 7523:10.2307/j.ctv1rxdqnf 7113:Housley, N. (2004). 6800:Ainsworth, Maryan W. 6772:Alden, Jane (2010). 5659:, pp. 138, 140. 4389:, pp. 413, 411. 3327:, pp. 113, 114. 3223:, pp. 125, 139. 2750:Philippe de Commines 2647:Olivier de La Marche 2626:Isabella of Portugal 2515:Olivier de la Marche 2436:Musée des Beaux-Arts 2432:Auguste Feyen-Perrin 2382:Ten thousand martyrs 1886:, who illuminated a 1800:Renaissance humanism 1661:Republic of Florence 1544:Emperor of Trebizond 1538:(one of the sons of 1239:without resistance. 1139:Kingston upon Thames 1004:Philippe de Commines 753:his aspiring crusade 618:Olivier de la Marche 368:Isabella of Portugal 366:and his third wife, 318:Isabella of Portugal 18:Charles le Téméraire 10349:Counts of Charolais 10319:Dukes of Luxembourg 9538:County of Luxemburg 9413:Duchy of Luxembourg 9363:County of Charolais 8721:Rogers, Clifford J. 8424:Bulletin Monumental 7464:G. P. Putnam's Sons 6879:Brown, Howard Mayer 6726:Sieber-Lehmann 1997 5507:, pp. 203–204. 4916:, pp. 400–401. 4784:, pp. 73, 180. 4481:, pp. 186–187. 3507:, pp. 359–360. 3366:, pp. 307–308. 3303:, pp. 311–312. 3235:, pp. 138–139. 2663:17th-century French 2452:Count of Campobasso 2245:Treaty of Picquigny 2167:League of Constance 2125:League of Constance 1995:. According to the 1915:Hayne van Ghizeghem 1840:Guillaume Fillastre 1733:Bartolomeo Colleoni 1688:Frederick of Naples 1669:sphere of influence 1536:Despot of the Morea 1441:Georges Chastellain 1288:Peter von Hagenbach 1026:Battle of Montlhéry 1000:Battle of Montlhéry 833:Georges Chastellain 755:in order to retake 693:Isabella of Bourbon 523:Charles I of Nevers 470:René II of Lorraine 397:; sought the title 201:Isabella of Bourbon 164:Catherine of France 10354:Margraves of Namur 10334:Counts of Burgundy 10324:Counts of Flanders 9806:Duchy of Luxemburg 9398:Bishopric of Liège 9373:County of Flanders 9358:County of Burgundy 8975:Count of Charolais 8803:Grove Music Online 7791:. Stroud: Tempus. 6740:, p. 306-307. 6627:Koenigsberger 2001 4273:, p. 157-158. 3069:, pp. 24, 25. 2630: 2507: 2443: 2350: 2322:Battle of Grandson 2278: 2267:Battle of Grandson 2258:Battle of Grandson 2252:Battle of Grandson 2211: 2135: 2070: 2046:, made up of 1250 2019: 1785:17th century Spain 1772: 1715:Republic of Venice 1653: 1597:Kingdom of Bohemia 1572: 1540:Thomas Palaiologos 1471: 1404:Parlement of Paris 1400: 1309:king of the Romans 1304: 1217: 1169: 1147:Papal dispensation 1108:to negotiate with 1092:The third marriage 1059: 1039:Treaty of Conflans 1035:Saint-Antoine gate 1015:Louis of Saint-Pol 1007: 950:lieutenant général 886: 862:lieutenant général 736: 711:Struggle for power 657:Jacques de Lalaing 640: 595:, the daughter of 556:In 1435, with the 405:. Charles married 399:King of the Romans 10344:Counts of Holland 10339:Counts of Hainaut 10309:Dukes of Guelders 10299:People from Dijon 10269:Dukes of Burgundy 10256: 10255: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10133: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10122: 10114: 10106: 10083: 10075: 10061:House of Habsburg 10052: 10029: 10006: 9998: 9990: 9983: 9975: 9967: 9959: 9945:House of Habsburg 9936: 9927: 9919: 9911: 9879: 9871: 9860: 9849: 9841: 9833: 9795: 9794: 9791: 9790: 9784: 9776: 9768: 9760: 9752: 9744: 9721: 9713: 9702: 9676: 9653: 9621: 9613: 9605: 9597: 9589: 9581: 9573: 9565: 9487: 9486: 9464:Burgundian School 9459:Cross of Burgundy 9443:County of Zutphen 9438:County of Zeeland 9393:County of Holland 9388:County of Hainaut 9383:Duchy of Guelders 9353:Duchy of Burgundy 9067:John the Fearless 9006: 9005: 8963:Succeeded by 8929:Margrave of Namur 8858:Charles the Bold 8846:Media related to 8825:(subscription or 8696:978-90-04-18464-0 8043:978-90-47-40586-3 8036:. Leiden: Brill. 7764:Taruskin, Richard 7604:978-3-428-09180-5 7552:. Leiden: Brill. 7374:Medieval Flanders 7236:. Leiden: Brill. 7178:978-90-04-36063-1 7171:. Leiden: Brill. 7098:. Leiden: Brill. 6329:, pp. 30–31. 6230:, pp. 24–25. 5883:, pp. 23–24. 5553:Querengässer 2021 5483:, pp. 12–18. 3850:, pp. 40–41. 2519:collegiate church 2275:Lucerne chronicle 2218:by diverting the 2056:Cross of Burgundy 1933:Cambrai Cathedral 1903:chamber musicians 1695:Italian peninsula 1665:Kingdom of Naples 1634:Treaty of Péronne 1621:Yolande of Valois 1593:Kingdom of Naples 1585:Matthias Corvinus 1496:Lieven van Lathem 1461:Lieven van Lathem 1421:Court of Auditors 1350:Electoral College 1284:Swiss Confederacy 1264:Duchy of Lorraine 1258:in the south and 1256:Duchy of Burgundy 1194:Duchy of Guelders 1143:Anthony Woodville 945:the crown domains 697:Agnes of Burgundy 597:John the Fearless 527:Antoine I de Croÿ 507:Blessed Sacrament 482:Philip of Austria 345: 344: 328:Roman Catholicism 287: 286: 16:(Redirected from 10396: 10329:Counts of Artois 10314:Dukes of Limburg 10304:Dukes of Brabant 10192: 10153: 10152: 10139: 10138: 10120: 10112: 10104: 10081: 10073: 10050: 10027: 10015:House of Bourbon 10004: 9996: 9988: 9981: 9973: 9965: 9957: 9934: 9925: 9917: 9909: 9890: 9877: 9866: 9855: 9847: 9839: 9831: 9819:House of Limburg 9815: 9814: 9801: 9800: 9782: 9774: 9766: 9758: 9750: 9742: 9730:House of Limburg 9719: 9708: 9697: 9674: 9651: 9632: 9619: 9611: 9603: 9595: 9587: 9579: 9571: 9563: 9547: 9546: 9533: 9532: 9514: 9507: 9500: 9491: 9490: 9423:County of Nevers 9408:Duchy of Lothier 9403:Duchy of Limburg 9348:Duchy of Brabant 9338:County of Artois 9094: 9077:Charles the Bold 9041: 9032: 9025: 9018: 9009: 9008: 8998:Count of Zutphen 8994:Duke of Guelders 8984:Preceded by 8907:Duke of Burgundy 8897:Preceded by 8887: 8880: 8879:10 November 1433 8854: 8853: 8848:Charles the Bold 8845: 8830: 8823: 8799: 8792:Wright, Craig M. 8785: 8776: 8767: 8758: 8730: 8716: 8672: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8624: 8606: 8581: 8550:Medieval Warfare 8544: 8511: 8476: 8447: 8414: 8377: 8352: 8319: 8273: 8242:Medieval Warfare 8236: 8207: 8176:Medieval Warfare 8170: 8133: 8102:Medieval Warfare 8096: 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6031: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5992: 5986: 5975: 5970:, pp. 182; 5965: 5959: 5953: 5947: 5941: 5935: 5929: 5923: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5833: 5827: 5821: 5815: 5806: 5800: 5791: 5785: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5571: 5565: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5496: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5460: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5198: 5192: 5186: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5083: 5077: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4851: 4845: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4710: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4413:, pp. 159; 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4361:, pp. 159; 4356: 4350: 4345:, pp. 159; 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4223: 4217: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4019: 4013: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3671: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3628: 3622: 3611: 3605: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3555: 3549: 3540: 3530: 3524: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3445: 3439: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3263: 3257: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2854: 2848: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2776: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2732: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2710: 2708: 2698: 2691: 2667:François Fénelon 2460: 2375: 2315: 2091:chain of command 2045: 1990: 1962: 1952: 1937:Guillaume Du Fay 1907:chapel musicians 1876:Nicolas Spierinc 1835:De bello Gallico 1768:anonymous master 1719:senate of Venice 1469: 1466: 1398: 1134:Magnum Concilium 1122:Edward Woodville 1114:Margaret of York 1087:Duke of Burgundy 962:Charles of Berry 952: 864: 849: 829:Burgundian State 771: 734: 733: 1535–1573 731: 687: 679:Battle of Gavere 606: 593:Mary of Burgundy 484:, inherited the 478:Burgundian State 407:Margaret of York 356:duke of Burgundy 341: 275: 274: 254: 252: 248: 238:Margaret of York 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 191: 189: 185: 181: 177: 127: 108:10 November 1433 67:Duke of Burgundy 51: 42:Charles the Bold 39: 38: 32:Charles the Bald 21: 10404: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10395: 10394: 10393: 10389:Royal reburials 10259: 10258: 10257: 10244: 10201: 10193: 10184: 10159: 10147: 10125: 10094: 10086: 10063: 10055: 10040: 10032: 10017: 10009: 9947: 9939: 9899: 9891: 9882: 9821: 9809: 9787: 9732: 9724: 9687: 9679: 9664: 9656: 9641: 9633: 9624: 9553: 9541: 9527: 9518: 9488: 9483: 9474:Estates-General 9469:Great Privilege 9447: 9428:Duchy of Rethel 9418:County of Namur 9378:Frisian freedom 9319: 9095: 9086: 9072:Philip the Good 9062:Philip the Bold 9043: 9040:Valois Burgundy 9039: 9036: 9001: 8996: 8989: 8978: 8968: 8959: 8954: 8941: 8934:Count of Artois 8932: 8927: 8914: 8902: 8900:Philip the Good 8881: 8875: 8874: 8871:House of Valois 8866: 8859: 8838: 8833: 8824: 8747: 8697: 8657: 8655: 8645: 8614: 8609: 8055: 8050: 8044: 8025: 7998: 7971: 7952: 7925: 7898: 7871: 7848: 7829: 7799: 7780: 7748: 7721: 7702: 7672: 7643: 7624: 7605: 7586: 7560: 7533: 7498: 7476: 7446: 7411: 7384: 7365: 7346: 7327: 7305: 7283: 7271: 7244: 7217: 7198: 7179: 7152: 7125: 7106: 7079: 7060: 7033: 7014: 6987: 6968: 6949: 6922: 6895: 6863: 6841: 6814: 6784: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6756: 6748: 6744: 6736: 6732: 6724: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6700: 6696: 6688: 6684: 6676: 6672: 6664: 6660: 6652: 6645: 6637: 6633: 6625: 6621: 6613: 6609: 6601: 6594: 6586: 6577: 6569: 6565: 6557: 6546: 6538: 6531: 6523: 6510: 6502: 6495: 6487: 6483: 6475: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6439: 6432: 6424: 6420: 6412: 6408: 6400: 6396: 6388: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6364: 6360: 6352: 6345: 6337: 6333: 6325: 6321: 6313: 6309: 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6258: 6250: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6190: 6183: 6175: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6136: 6132: 6121: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6097: 6090: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6055: 6046: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5978: 5966: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5942: 5938: 5930: 5926: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5809: 5801: 5794: 5786: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5759: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5675: 5667: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5607: 5603: 5595: 5591: 5583: 5574: 5566: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5535: 5527: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5503: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5455: 5451: 5443: 5439: 5431: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5407: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5311: 5307: 5299: 5295: 5287: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5263: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5239: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5199: 5195: 5187: 5180: 5172: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5148: 5144: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5084: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5060: 5056: 5048: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5024: 5020: 5012:, p. 303; 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4852: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4759: 4751: 4747: 4739:, p. 424; 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4711: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672:, p. 161; 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4632: 4628: 4620: 4616: 4608: 4604: 4596: 4589: 4581: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4557: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4465:, p. 451; 4461: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4421: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4357: 4353: 4341: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4289: 4281: 4277: 4269: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4177: 4173: 4165: 4161: 4153: 4149: 4141: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100:, p. 118; 4096: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4072:, p. 117; 4068: 4064: 4056: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4022: 4014: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3983: 3979: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3878: 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3737:, pp. 1–2. 3733: 3729: 3721: 3714: 3706: 3702: 3690: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3662: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3638: 3631: 3623: 3614: 3606: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3558: 3550: 3543: 3535:, p. 364; 3531: 3527: 3519:, p. 450; 3515: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3433: 3427:Paravicini 2003 3425: 3421: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3376:Paravicini 2003 3374: 3370: 3364:Paravicini 2003 3362: 3358: 3350: 3343: 3337:Paravicini 2003 3335: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3307: 3301:Paravicini 2003 3299: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3277:Paravicini 2003 3275: 3266: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3194: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162:, p. 341; 3158: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029:, p. 114; 3025: 3021: 3013: 3009: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2977:, p. 163; 2973: 2969: 2961: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2857: 2849: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2770: 2766: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2701:Philip the Bold 2692: 2688: 2683: 2611: 2583:Great Privilege 2568:William Hugonet 2560: 2554: 2505:by Jean de Roye 2495: 2454: 2428:Battle of Nancy 2420: 2418:Battle of Nancy 2414: 2412:Battle of Nancy 2409: 2339:Battle of Morat 2331: 2329:Battle of Morat 2309: 2260: 2254: 2232:excommunication 2180: 2172:Burgundian Wars 2127: 2122: 2120:Burgundian Wars 2086:Cyrus the Great 2048:lances fournies 2024:English archers 2008: 1911:Antoine Busnois 1746: 1697:, whose ruler, 1589:King of Hungary 1556: 1467: 1450: 1392: 1379: 1374: 1361:Trier Cathedral 1296: 1198:Adolf of Egmond 1189: 1094: 1089: 1051: 978:John d'Armagnac 871: 732: 726:Recueil d'Arras 718: 713: 626: 609:Auxi-le-Château 589:Agnes of Cleves 558:Treaty of Arras 499: 494: 466:Battle of Nancy 446:Burgundian Wars 364:Philip the Good 354:, was the last 308:Philip the Good 298:Valois-Burgundy 257: 256: 244: 240: 230: 210: 206: 203: 193: 173: 169: 166: 148: 129: 125: 109: 85:Philip the Good 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10402: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10254: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10242: 10236: 10230: 10224: 10221:Marie-Adélaïde 10218: 10212: 10205: 10203: 10202:(1890–present) 10195: 10194: 10187: 10185: 10183: 10182: 10176: 10170: 10163: 10161: 10149: 10148: 10135: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10123: 10115: 10107: 10098: 10096: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10084: 10076: 10067: 10065: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10044: 10042: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10030: 10021: 10019: 10011: 10010: 10008: 10007: 9999: 9991: 9976: 9968: 9960: 9951: 9949: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9937: 9929: 9920: 9912: 9903: 9901: 9893: 9892: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9872: 9861: 9850: 9842: 9834: 9825: 9823: 9811: 9810: 9797: 9796: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9785: 9777: 9769: 9761: 9753: 9745: 9736: 9734: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9722: 9714: 9703: 9691: 9689: 9685:House of Namur 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9668: 9666: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9645: 9643: 9639:House of Namur 9635: 9634: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9614: 9606: 9598: 9590: 9582: 9574: 9566: 9557: 9555: 9543: 9542: 9529: 9528: 9517: 9516: 9509: 9502: 9494: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9455: 9453: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9278: 9277: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9241: 9236: 9235: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9207: 9197: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9105: 9103: 9097: 9096: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9053: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9035: 9034: 9027: 9020: 9012: 9004: 9003: 8990: 8985: 8981: 8980: 8970: 8969: 8964: 8961: 8903: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8892:Regnal titles 8889: 8888: 8886:5 January 1477 8867: 8860: 8857: 8852: 8851: 8837: 8836:External links 8834: 8832: 8831: 8788: 8787: 8786: 8777: 8768: 8745: 8723:, ed. (2010). 8717: 8695: 8675:Dunphy, Graeme 8664: 8643: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8582: 8545: 8512: 8477: 8465:10.2307/286114 8448: 8430:(4): 343–344. 8415: 8378: 8353: 8329:Social History 8320: 8278:Fallows, David 8274: 8237: 8208: 8171: 8134: 8097: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8048: 8042: 8029: 8023: 8010: 7996: 7983: 7969: 7956: 7950: 7937: 7923: 7910: 7896: 7883: 7869: 7852: 7846: 7833: 7827: 7811: 7797: 7784: 7778: 7760: 7746: 7733: 7719: 7706: 7700: 7684: 7670: 7647: 7641: 7628: 7622: 7609: 7603: 7590: 7584: 7568:Simpson, Gerry 7564: 7558: 7545: 7531: 7510: 7496: 7483: 7450: 7444: 7423: 7409: 7396: 7382: 7369: 7363: 7350: 7344: 7331: 7325: 7313:Knecht, Robert 7309: 7303: 7290: 7269: 7256: 7242: 7229: 7215: 7202: 7197:978-1842124116 7196: 7183: 7177: 7164: 7150: 7137: 7123: 7110: 7104: 7091: 7077: 7064: 7058: 7045: 7031: 7018: 7012: 6999: 6985: 6972: 6966: 6953: 6947: 6934: 6920: 6907: 6893: 6875: 6861: 6849:Blockmans, Wim 6845: 6839: 6826: 6812: 6796: 6782: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6742: 6730: 6718: 6706: 6694: 6682: 6680:, p. 217. 6670: 6668:, p. 337. 6658: 6656:, p. 399. 6643: 6641:, p. 199. 6631: 6619: 6617:, p. 104. 6607: 6605:, p. 455. 6592: 6590:, p. 195. 6575: 6573:, p. 344. 6563: 6561:, p. 343. 6544: 6529: 6508: 6506:, p. 200. 6493: 6481: 6479:, p. 199. 6469: 6467:, p. 399. 6457: 6455:, p. 368. 6445: 6443:, p. 367. 6430: 6418: 6406: 6404:, p. 420. 6394: 6392:, p. 198. 6382: 6380:, p. 419. 6370: 6368:, p. 445. 6358: 6356:, p. 197. 6343: 6331: 6319: 6317:, p. 444. 6307: 6295: 6283: 6271: 6269:, p. 443. 6256: 6244: 6242:, p. 263. 6232: 6220: 6208: 6206:, p. 439. 6196: 6181: 6166: 6164:, p. 378. 6154: 6142: 6140:, p. 438. 6130: 6127:Baboukis 2010c 6125:, p. 29; 6115: 6113:, p. 437. 6103: 6088: 6085:Baboukis 2010c 6083:, p. 28; 6073: 6061: 6057:Baboukis 2010c 6044: 6042:, p. 185. 6032: 6030:, p. 184. 6020: 6018:, p. 432. 6008: 6006:, p. 183. 5993: 5976: 5960: 5948: 5946:, p. 182. 5936: 5934:, p. 180. 5924: 5922:, p. 431. 5912: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5871:, p. 445. 5861: 5849: 5834: 5832:, p. 428. 5822: 5820:, p. 430. 5807: 5792: 5790:, p. 174. 5777: 5775:, p. 276. 5765: 5763:, p. 429. 5748: 5746:, p. 273. 5736: 5724: 5722:, p. 341. 5712: 5710:, p. 367. 5708:Baboukis 2010b 5700: 5698:, p. 173. 5685: 5683:, p. 214. 5673: 5671:, p. 138. 5661: 5649: 5647:, p. 223. 5637: 5635:, p. 137. 5625: 5623:, p. 420. 5613: 5611:, p. 225. 5601: 5599:, p. 209. 5589: 5587:, p. 224. 5572: 5570:, p. 172. 5557: 5555:, p. 102. 5545: 5543:, p. 171. 5533: 5531:, p. 205. 5521: 5519:, p. 142. 5509: 5497: 5495:, p. 162. 5485: 5473: 5461: 5449: 5447:, p. 485. 5437: 5425: 5423:, p. 228. 5413: 5411:, p. 135. 5401: 5389: 5377: 5373:Ainsworth 1998 5365: 5353: 5351:, p. 164. 5341: 5337:Hemelryck 2016 5329: 5327:, p. 163. 5317: 5305: 5303:, p. 223. 5293: 5281: 5279:, p. 158. 5269: 5267:, p. 157. 5257: 5255:, p. 156. 5245: 5243:, p. 280. 5233: 5231:, p. 444. 5221: 5209: 5203:, p. 75; 5193: 5178: 5166: 5164:, p. 216. 5154: 5152:, p. 202. 5142: 5130: 5118: 5106: 5104:, p. 205. 5094: 5078: 5066: 5054: 5042: 5040:, p. 311. 5030: 5028:, p. 304. 5018: 5002: 4990: 4988:, p. 403. 4978: 4976:, p. 195. 4966: 4954: 4942: 4930: 4918: 4906: 4904:, p. 214. 4894: 4882: 4880:, p. 248. 4870: 4868:, p. 165. 4858: 4856:, p. 256. 4846: 4844:, p. 409. 4834: 4832:, p. 341. 4822: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4774: 4772:, p. 180. 4757: 4745: 4729: 4717: 4715:, p. 424. 4702: 4690: 4678: 4662: 4660:, p. 215. 4650: 4638: 4636:, p. 115. 4626: 4614: 4612:, p. 107. 4610:Schnitker 2004 4602: 4587: 4585:, p. 185. 4575: 4573:, p. 161. 4563: 4561:, p. 193. 4548: 4546:, p. 403. 4536: 4524: 4522:, p. 418. 4507: 4505:, p. 187. 4495: 4493:, p. 417. 4483: 4471: 4455: 4453:, p. 413. 4443: 4441:, p. 412. 4431: 4429:, p. 151. 4419: 4403: 4401:, p. 160. 4391: 4379: 4377:, p. 411. 4367: 4351: 4335: 4333:, p. 161. 4323: 4321:, p. 408. 4311: 4309:, p. 160. 4299: 4297:, p. 410. 4287: 4285:, p. 406. 4275: 4263: 4261:, p. 159. 4251: 4249:, p. 161. 4239: 4237:, p. 157. 4224: 4222:, p. 104. 4207: 4195: 4183: 4171: 4169:, p. 404. 4159: 4147: 4130: 4128:, p. 511. 4118: 4116:, p. 119. 4106: 4104:, p. 170. 4090: 4088:, p. 118. 4078: 4076:, p. 406. 4062: 4060:, p. 183. 4047: 4045:, p. 405. 4035: 4033:, p. 182. 4020: 4018:, p. 170. 4005: 3993: 3991:, p. 182. 3987:, p. 46; 3977: 3975:, p. 267. 3965: 3963:, p. 159. 3953: 3949:Weightman 2009 3941: 3939:, p. 398. 3929: 3917: 3915:, p. 397. 3905: 3893: 3889:Weightman 2009 3876: 3872:Weightman 2009 3864: 3862:, p. 194. 3852: 3848:Weightman 2009 3840: 3828: 3826:, p. 184. 3811: 3809:, p. 392. 3799: 3797:, p. 391. 3787: 3785:, p. 130. 3775: 3773:, p. 449. 3763: 3761:, p. 387. 3751: 3749:, p. 386. 3739: 3727: 3725:, p. 189. 3712: 3710:, p. 188. 3700: 3698:, p. 383. 3684: 3672: 3670:, p. 146. 3656: 3652:Baboukis 2010b 3644: 3642:, p. 145. 3629: 3627:, p. 385. 3612: 3608:Baboukis 2010a 3587: 3585:, p. 379. 3575: 3573:, p. 185. 3556: 3554:, p. 450. 3541: 3539:, p. 115. 3525: 3523:, p. 115. 3509: 3497: 3495:, p. 359. 3485: 3483:, p. 140. 3470: 3468:, p. 352. 3458: 3456:, p. 347. 3446: 3444:, p. 115. 3431: 3429:, p. 378. 3419: 3417:, p. 369. 3404: 3402:, p. 345. 3392: 3390:, p. 344. 3380: 3378:, p. 308. 3368: 3356: 3354:, p. 353. 3341: 3339:, p. 312. 3329: 3317: 3315:, p. 113. 3305: 3293: 3281: 3279:, p. 310. 3264: 3262:, p. 346. 3249: 3247:, p. 139. 3237: 3225: 3213: 3192: 3180: 3178:, p. 306. 3168: 3152: 3150:, p. 341. 3137: 3125: 3123:, p. 105. 3113: 3111:, p. 106. 3098: 3086: 3084:, p. 104. 3071: 3059: 3057:, p. 121. 3047: 3045:, p. 734. 3035: 3019: 3017:, p. 114. 3007: 2995: 2993:, p. 439. 2983: 2967: 2965:, p. 333. 2963:Knechtges 2012 2952: 2940: 2924: 2922:, p. 304. 2912: 2910:, p. 230. 2900: 2888: 2872: 2870:, p. 114. 2855: 2840: 2828: 2826:, p. 167. 2816: 2814:, p. 287. 2800: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2780: 2764: 2742: 2733: 2720: 2711: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2622:Sophie Frémiet 2610: 2607: 2556:Main article: 2553: 2550: 2494: 2491: 2416:Main article: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2378:oath companion 2343:Eugène Burnand 2330: 2327: 2256:Main article: 2253: 2250: 2240:Siege of Neuss 2179: 2178:Siege of Neuss 2176: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2100:De re militari 2007: 2004: 1892:panel painting 1872:Golden Fleeces 1745: 1742: 1657:Duchy of Milan 1619:, whose wife, 1555: 1552: 1522:Pope Sixtus IV 1518:Ottoman Empire 1506:Sainte Colette 1484:warrior saints 1449: 1446: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1342:prince-elector 1295: 1292: 1188: 1185: 1181:Filips Wielant 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1050: 1047: 1011:met and fought 870: 867: 782:Philip de Croÿ 757:Constantinople 717: 714: 712: 709: 625: 622: 515:knightly order 498: 495: 493: 490: 476:and ended the 348:Charles Martin 343: 342: 335: 331: 330: 325: 321: 320: 315: 311: 310: 305: 301: 300: 295: 289: 288: 285: 284: 283:Charles Martin 280: 279: 271: 270: 265: 259: 258: 242: 236: 235: 234: 233: 208: 204: 199: 198: 197: 196: 171: 167: 162: 161: 160: 159: 156: 154: 150: 149: 144: 142: 138: 137: 128:(aged 43) 124:5 January 1477 122: 118: 117: 106: 102: 101: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 63: 62: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10401: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10191: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10136: 10119: 10116: 10111: 10108: 10103: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10080: 10077: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10049: 10048:Maximilian II 10046: 10045: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10003: 10000: 9995: 9992: 9987: 9980: 9977: 9972: 9969: 9964: 9961: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9933: 9930: 9924: 9921: 9916: 9913: 9908: 9905: 9904: 9902: 9898: 9894: 9889: 9876: 9873: 9870: 9867:(1411–1415), 9865: 9862: 9859: 9854: 9851: 9846: 9843: 9838: 9837:Wenceslaus II 9835: 9830: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9820: 9816: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9798: 9781: 9778: 9773: 9770: 9765: 9762: 9757: 9754: 9749: 9746: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9709:(1197–1214), 9707: 9704: 9701: 9698:(1197–1247), 9696: 9693: 9692: 9690: 9686: 9682: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9631: 9618: 9615: 9610: 9607: 9602: 9599: 9594: 9591: 9586: 9583: 9578: 9575: 9570: 9567: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9515: 9510: 9508: 9503: 9501: 9496: 9495: 9492: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9279: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9174: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9158: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9126: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9098: 9093: 9083: 9082:Mary the Rich 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9033: 9028: 9026: 9021: 9019: 9014: 9013: 9010: 9000: 8999: 8995: 8988: 8982: 8977: 8976: 8971: 8967: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8939: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8912: 8908: 8901: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8878: 8873: 8872: 8865: 8864: 8855: 8849: 8844: 8840: 8839: 8828: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8808:David Fallows 8806:. Revised by 8805: 8804: 8798: 8793: 8789: 8783: 8782:Rogers (2010) 8778: 8774: 8773:Rogers (2010) 8769: 8765: 8764:Rogers (2010) 8760: 8759: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8746:9780195334036 8742: 8738: 8734: 8729: 8728: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8671: 8665: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8644:9780195334036 8640: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8612:Encyclopedias 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8490:(in French). 8489: 8488: 8487:Revue du Nord 8483: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8426:(in French). 8425: 8421: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8326: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8238: 8234: 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7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7671:9781139055758 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7648: 7644: 7642:9780742553095 7638: 7634: 7629: 7625: 7623:9789004136137 7619: 7615: 7610: 7606: 7600: 7596: 7591: 7587: 7585:9780199671144 7581: 7577: 7573: 7572:Heller, Kevin 7569: 7565: 7561: 7559:9789004686175 7555: 7551: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7534: 7532:9781789256703 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7511: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7497:9780786468065 7493: 7489: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7445:9791036520631 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7410:9782600011655 7406: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7383:9781317901556 7379: 7375: 7370: 7366: 7364:9780674357945 7360: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7345:9781526174550 7341: 7337: 7332: 7328: 7326:9781852855222 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7304:9780295802367 7300: 7296: 7291: 7287: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7270:9780892367030 7266: 7262: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7243:9789004353664 7239: 7235: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7216:9780521803304 7212: 7208: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7189: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7151:9781873041086 7147: 7143: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7124:9781403902832 7120: 7116: 7111: 7107: 7105:9789004250741 7101: 7097: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7078:9781843831914 7074: 7070: 7065: 7061: 7059:9781317884330 7055: 7051: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7032:9780851157955 7028: 7024: 7019: 7015: 7013:9780415865296 7009: 7005: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6986:9780521239684 6982: 6978: 6973: 6969: 6967:9781139481151 6963: 6959: 6954: 6950: 6948:9781139494748 6944: 6940: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6921:9780719056208 6917: 6913: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6894:9780198164067 6890: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6862:9780812231304 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6840:9781136191909 6836: 6832: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6813:9780870998706 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6783:9780199700738 6779: 6775: 6770: 6769: 6752:, p. 50. 6751: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6728:, p. 13. 6727: 6722: 6716:, p. 34. 6715: 6710: 6704:, p. 22. 6703: 6698: 6692:, p. 15. 6691: 6686: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6662: 6655: 6650: 6648: 6640: 6635: 6629:, p. 42. 6628: 6623: 6616: 6611: 6604: 6599: 6597: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6572: 6567: 6560: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6542:, p. 23. 6541: 6536: 6534: 6527:, p. 43. 6526: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6505: 6500: 6498: 6491:, p. 41. 6490: 6485: 6478: 6473: 6466: 6461: 6454: 6449: 6442: 6437: 6435: 6428:, p. 39. 6427: 6422: 6416:, p. 40. 6415: 6410: 6403: 6398: 6391: 6386: 6379: 6374: 6367: 6362: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6341:, p. 33. 6340: 6335: 6328: 6323: 6316: 6311: 6305:, p. 29. 6304: 6299: 6293:, p. 27. 6292: 6287: 6281:, p. 26. 6280: 6275: 6268: 6263: 6261: 6254:, p. 48. 6253: 6248: 6241: 6236: 6229: 6224: 6218:, p. 47. 6217: 6212: 6205: 6200: 6194:, p. 21. 6193: 6188: 6186: 6179:, p. 20. 6178: 6173: 6171: 6163: 6158: 6152:, p. 33. 6151: 6146: 6139: 6134: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6107: 6101:, p. 29. 6100: 6095: 6093: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6071:, p. 28. 6070: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6041: 6036: 6029: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6000: 5998: 5991:, p. 26. 5990: 5989:Williams 2014 5985: 5983: 5981: 5974:, p. 431 5973: 5969: 5964: 5958:, p. 25. 5957: 5956:Williams 2014 5952: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5928: 5921: 5916: 5910:, p. 24. 5909: 5908:Williams 2014 5904: 5902: 5895:, p. 48. 5894: 5889: 5882: 5881:Williams 2014 5877: 5870: 5865: 5859:, p. 23. 5858: 5857:Williams 2014 5853: 5847:, p. 22. 5846: 5845:Williams 2014 5841: 5839: 5831: 5826: 5819: 5814: 5812: 5805:, p. 37. 5804: 5799: 5797: 5789: 5784: 5782: 5774: 5769: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5745: 5740: 5734:, p. 32. 5733: 5732:Golubeva 2013 5728: 5721: 5716: 5709: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5690: 5682: 5677: 5670: 5665: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5641: 5634: 5629: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5605: 5598: 5593: 5586: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5569: 5564: 5562: 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5501: 5494: 5489: 5482: 5477: 5471:, p. 12. 5470: 5465: 5458: 5453: 5446: 5445:Taruskin 2009 5441: 5434: 5429: 5422: 5417: 5410: 5405: 5399:, p. 54. 5398: 5393: 5386: 5381: 5375:, p. 25. 5374: 5369: 5363:, p. 12. 5362: 5361:Schryver 2008 5357: 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5326: 5321: 5314: 5309: 5302: 5297: 5290: 5285: 5278: 5273: 5266: 5261: 5254: 5249: 5242: 5237: 5230: 5225: 5219:, p. 14. 5218: 5213: 5206: 5202: 5197: 5191:, p. 13. 5190: 5185: 5183: 5176:, p. 16. 5175: 5170: 5163: 5158: 5151: 5146: 5140:, p. 58. 5139: 5134: 5128:, p. 10. 5127: 5122: 5116:, p. 57. 5115: 5110: 5103: 5098: 5092:, p. 304 5091: 5088:, p. 8; 5087: 5082: 5076:, p. 35. 5075: 5070: 5064:, p. 75. 5063: 5058: 5051: 5046: 5039: 5034: 5027: 5022: 5016:, p. 165 5015: 5011: 5006: 5000:, p. xx. 4999: 4994: 4987: 4982: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4946: 4940:, p. 58. 4939: 4934: 4928:, p. 56. 4927: 4922: 4915: 4910: 4903: 4898: 4892:, p. 55. 4891: 4886: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4850: 4843: 4838: 4831: 4826: 4820:, p. 74. 4819: 4814: 4808:, p. 73. 4807: 4802: 4796:, p. 88. 4795: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4755:, p. 65. 4754: 4749: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4727:, p. 76. 4726: 4721: 4714: 4709: 4707: 4700:, p. 73. 4699: 4694: 4688:, p. 68. 4687: 4682: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4659: 4654: 4648:, p. 53. 4647: 4642: 4635: 4630: 4624:, p. 11. 4623: 4622:Schryver 2008 4618: 4611: 4606: 4600:, p. 16. 4599: 4598:Schryver 2008 4594: 4592: 4584: 4579: 4572: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4553: 4545: 4540: 4534:, p. 42. 4533: 4532:Golubeva 2013 4528: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4503:Schepper 2007 4499: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4469:, p. 416 4468: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4428: 4423: 4417:, p. 411 4416: 4412: 4407: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4376: 4371: 4365:, p. 411 4364: 4360: 4355: 4349:, p. 160 4348: 4344: 4339: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4296: 4291: 4284: 4279: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4255: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4229: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4205:, p. 29. 4204: 4199: 4193:, p. 27. 4192: 4187: 4181:, p. 88. 4180: 4175: 4168: 4163: 4157:, p. 86. 4156: 4151: 4145:, p. 98. 4144: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4044: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4003:, p. 46. 4002: 3997: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3974: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3951:, p. 65. 3950: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3927:, p. 55. 3926: 3921: 3914: 3909: 3903:, p. 54. 3902: 3897: 3891:, p. 42. 3890: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3874:, p. 41. 3873: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3849: 3844: 3838:, p. 42. 3837: 3832: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3808: 3807:Nicholas 2014 3803: 3796: 3791: 3784: 3779: 3772: 3767: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3694:, p. 8; 3693: 3688: 3682:, p. 36. 3681: 3676: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3653: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3609: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3584: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3467: 3462: 3455: 3450: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3401: 3396: 3389: 3384: 3377: 3372: 3365: 3360: 3353: 3348: 3346: 3338: 3333: 3326: 3321: 3314: 3309: 3302: 3297: 3291:, p. 74. 3290: 3285: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3211:, p. 17. 3210: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3190:, p. 39. 3189: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3166:, p. 29. 3165: 3161: 3156: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3135:, p. 28. 3134: 3129: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3096:, p. 27. 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3076: 3068: 3063: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3039: 3033:, p. 87. 3032: 3028: 3023: 3016: 3011: 3005:, p. 86. 3004: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2981:, p. 10. 2980: 2976: 2971: 2964: 2959: 2957: 2949: 2944: 2938:, p. 69. 2937: 2934:, p. 8; 2933: 2928: 2921: 2916: 2909: 2904: 2898:, p. 69. 2897: 2892: 2886:, p. 68. 2885: 2882:, p. 7; 2881: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2853:, p. 68. 2852: 2847: 2845: 2837: 2832: 2825: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2801: 2784: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2715: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2576:Franche-Comté 2573: 2572:Guy of Brimeu 2569: 2565: 2559: 2549: 2548:, 5 January. 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2504: 2499: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2479:River Meurthe 2475: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2367: 2362: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2249: 2246: 2241: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2141: 2131: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2075:camp follower 2068: 2063: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2052:horse archers 2049: 2044: 2043: 2037: 2036:standing army 2033: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2012: 2003: 2001: 2000:David Fallows 1998: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1945:secular songs 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1919:Robert Morton 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1884:Simon Marmion 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1791:of the arts. 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1703:Bona of Savoy 1700: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1684:René of Anjou 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1630: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1617:Duke of Savoy 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1569: 1568:Gustave Hervé 1565: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1488:Saint Michael 1485: 1481: 1477: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1437:Low Countries 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1344:, taking the 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1321:Frederick III 1318: 1314: 1310: 1300: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233:Frederick III 1230: 1226: 1222: 1213: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1184: 1182: 1176: 1174: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1099: 1084: 1082: 1077: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 991: 987: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 958: 956: 951: 946: 942: 941: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919:Saint-Quentin 916: 911: 907: 901: 899: 895: 891: 883: 879: 875: 866: 863: 857: 853: 848: 847: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 805: 803: 799: 795: 794:House of Croÿ 791: 787: 783: 779: 778:Nicolas Rolin 775: 770: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 749:Frederick III 746: 742: 741:imperial diet 727: 722: 708: 706: 702: 698: 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After his 450:Lower League 443: 427:Saint George 419: 395:Upper Alsace 380: 351: 347: 346: 126:(1477-01-05) 36: 10289:1477 deaths 10284:1433 births 10235:(1964–2000) 10229:(1919–1964) 10223:(1912–1919) 10217:(1905–1912) 10211:(1890–1905) 10181:(1849–1890) 10179:William III 10175:(1840–1849) 10169:(1815–1840) 10160:(1815–1890) 10121:(1792–1794) 10113:(1790–1792) 10105:(1780–1790) 10095:(1780–1794) 10082:(1740–1780) 10074:(1713–1740) 10064:(1713–1780) 10051:(1712–1713) 10041:(1712–1713) 10028:(1700–1712) 10018:(1700–1712) 10005:(1665–1700) 9997:(1621–1665) 9989:(1598–1621) 9982:(1598–1621) 9974:(1556–1598) 9966:(1506–1556) 9963:Charles III 9958:(1482–1506) 9948:(1482–1700) 9935:(1477–1482) 9926:(1477–1482) 9918:(1467–1477) 9910:(1443–1467) 9900:(1443–1482) 9878:(1418–1425) 9848:(1388–1411) 9840:(1383–1388) 9832:(1354–1383) 9822:(1354–1443) 9808:(1354–1794) 9783:(1353–1354) 9775:(1346–1353) 9767:(1313–1346) 9759:(1288–1313) 9751:(1281–1288) 9743:(1247–1281) 9733:(1247–1354) 9720:(1214–1226) 9688:(1197–1247) 9675:(1196–1197) 9665:(1196–1197) 9652:(1136–1189) 9642:(1136–1189) 9620:(1131–1136) 9612:(1096–1131) 9604:(1086–1096) 9596:(1059–1086) 9588:(1047–1059) 9580:(1026–1047) 9057:Family tree 8459:(1): 1–26. 8079:: 135–143. 6702:Monter 2007 6690:Monter 2007 6615:Knecht 2007 6540:Monter 2007 4818:Barany 2016 4806:Barany 2016 4794:Barany 2016 4753:Graves 2014 4143:Knecht 2007 3860:Taylor 2002 3824:Taylor 2002 3723:Taylor 2002 3708:Taylor 2002 3571:Potter 2012 3245:Taylor 2002 3233:Taylor 2002 3221:Taylor 2002 3188:Putnam 1908 3164:Putnam 1908 3133:Putnam 1908 3121:Taylor 2002 3109:Taylor 2002 3094:Putnam 1908 3082:Taylor 2002 3067:Putnam 1908 3031:Taylor 2002 3003:Taylor 2002 2979:Putnam 1908 2948:Putnam 1908 2936:Taylor 2002 2932:Putnam 1908 2896:Taylor 2002 2884:Taylor 2002 2880:Putnam 1908 2851:Taylor 2002 2836:Putnam 1908 2774:Eidgenossen 2729:Christendom 2669:who in his 2463:Netherlands 2455: [ 2448:Medici bank 2372:Eidgenossen 2310: [ 2145:The cities 1728:condottiero 1531:Christendom 1492:prayer book 1468: 1471 1393: [ 1377:Legislation 910:regnal name 798:Dendermonde 613:chamberlain 562:Charles VII 81:Predecessor 10263:Categories 10215:William IV 10173:William II 10002:Charles IV 9971:Philip III 9915:Charles II 9572:(998–1026) 9554:(963–1136) 9540:(963–1354) 9525:Luxembourg 8810:. Oxford: 8797:"Burgundy" 8411:5792687718 8387:Médiévales 8006:1015575845 7979:1264400332 7906:7385588780 7541:1259593478 7252:1005741749 6750:Bakos 2013 6571:Salet 1982 6559:Salet 1982 6465:Walsh 2005 6453:Walsh 2005 6441:Walsh 2005 5720:Walsh 2005 5645:Drake 2013 5585:Drake 2013 5409:Alden 2010 5397:Brown 1999 5241:Walsh 2005 5217:Walsh 2005 5205:Walsh 2005 5189:Walsh 2005 5174:Walsh 2005 5150:Walsh 2005 5138:Walsh 1977 5126:Walsh 2005 5114:Walsh 1977 5102:Walsh 2005 5086:Walsh 2005 5074:Walsh 2005 5050:Walsh 2005 5038:Walsh 2005 5026:Walsh 2005 5010:Walsh 2005 4998:Walsh 2005 4974:Walsh 2005 4962:Walsh 2005 4950:Walsh 2005 4854:Waugh 2016 4741:Walsh 1977 4725:Walsh 1977 4698:Walsh 1977 4686:Walsh 1977 4674:Walsh 1977 4658:Jenks 2018 4646:Walsh 1977 4347:Boehm 1979 4307:Boehm 1979 4271:Boehm 1979 4259:Boehm 1979 4247:Boehm 1979 4220:Brady 2009 4001:Stein 2017 3985:Stein 2017 3836:Hicks 1992 3043:Sommé 1982 2908:Brown 2010 2796:References 2675:River Styx 2530:Luxembourg 2489:survived. 2474:outflanked 2393:arquebuses 2389:Lake Morat 2220:River Erft 2192:electorate 2147:Strasbourg 2082:Cyropaedia 2028:cannoneers 1960:Dux Carlus 1894:for them. 1825:Cyropaedia 1707:Moncalieri 1613:Amadeus IX 1511:Saint Anne 1504:La Vie de 1417:Thionville 1332:Maximilian 1313:Hungarians 1237:Maastricht 1076:Prinsenhof 935:Montdidier 908:under the 852:Rupelmonde 823:castle in 821:Blue Tower 817:Le Quesnoy 784:, who was 745:Regensburg 650:Coudenberg 574:Saint-Omer 492:Early life 219:; 182:; 10227:Charlotte 10167:William I 10071:Charles V 9994:Philip IV 9955:Philip II 9853:Elisabeth 9772:Charles I 9756:Henry VII 9695:Ermesinde 9617:Conrad II 9609:William I 9601:Henry III 9585:Giselbert 9564:(963–998) 9561:Siegfried 8924:Luxemburg 8829:required) 8755:645185716 8713:864906597 8705:2666-5611 8681:. Brill. 8653:645185716 8603:806785252 8570:2211-5129 8562:2589-3548 8541:0304-4181 8508:492984851 8500:0035-2624 8444:866803890 8436:0007-473X 8395:0751-2708 8316:865210651 8300:1383-7079 8262:2211-5129 8254:2589-3548 8196:2211-5129 8188:2589-3548 8159:1588-2039 8153:: 69–88. 8122:2211-5129 8114:2589-3548 8093:2034-6786 7933:269009493 7879:102066843 7729:973882565 7680:697957877 7506:757461974 7472:458219774 7419:182762213 7392:869093661 7160:463748217 7041:491598816 6930:898037451 6903:883875759 6792:953459041 6525:Dean 2014 6489:Dean 2014 6426:Dean 2014 6414:Dean 2014 2771:The word 2552:Aftermath 2538:Philip II 2526:Charles V 2299:Neuchâtel 2109:culverins 2032:Abbeville 1969:songbooks 1789:patronage 1781:Charles V 1777:Philip II 1680:Alfonso I 1554:Diplomacy 1317:Bohemians 1110:Edward IV 1081:Philip IV 1049:Ascension 986:Montlhéry 923:Abbeville 898:favourite 888:In 1457, 825:Gorinchem 759:from the 578:governess 570:Catherine 519:Charolais 497:Childhood 435:Venetians 383:North Sea 358:from the 334:Signature 91:Successor 10025:Philip V 9907:Philip I 9869:and then 9748:Henry VI 9711:and then 9706:Theobald 9649:Henry IV 9593:Conrad I 9577:Henry II 9521:Monarchs 8938:Flanders 8794:(2001). 8658:14 April 8578:48578371 8403:43026850 8349:23072657 8308:45284494 8280:(2019). 8270:48578375 8233:40105726 8204:48577888 8167:50489577 8130:48578372 8063:(2001). 8053:Articles 7861:Abingdon 7817:(2018). 7807:49044225 7756:60322326 7690:(2008). 7574:(2013). 7456:(1908). 7315:(2007). 7279:51553612 7225:46448960 7133:55518414 7087:62344765 6871:40143018 6822:39131019 2706:le Hardi 2635:Burgundy 2587:Flanders 2434:, 1865, 2401:Gex, Ain 2354:Lausanne 2287:Grandson 2188:Ruprecht 2159:Sélestat 2140:Mulhouse 2095:Vegetius 2006:Military 1979:; their 1941:chansons 1888:breviary 1820:Xenophon 1663:and the 1577:Scotland 1448:Religion 1413:Mechelen 1372:Policies 1346:Bohemian 1337:Habsburg 1315:and the 1280:Ferrette 1260:Flanders 1241:Roermond 1221:Nijmegen 1043:Normandy 890:Louis XI 837:altruism 802:Soignies 790:Hainault 774:Aymeries 769:seigneur 761:Ottomans 685:burghers 670:rebelled 603:seigneur 458:Grandson 433:and the 391:Guelders 372:Louis XI 352:the Bold 324:Religion 135:Lorraine 115:Burgundy 10209:Adolphe 10118:Francis 10110:Leopold 10079:Mary II 9875:John II 9864:Anthony 9740:Henry V 9717:Waleran 9569:Henry I 9325:Domains 8951:Zeeland 8947:Holland 8943:Hainaut 8920:Lothier 8916:Limburg 8911:Brabant 8077:Brepols 6995:7462091 2599:Holland 2595:Hainaut 2591:Brabant 2483:halberd 2295:Concise 2273:in the 2038:called 1993:Ma dame 1987:rondeau 1629:Péronne 1605:René II 1601:Breslau 1581:Denmark 1500:diptych 1478:as his 1365:Moselle 1229:Zutphen 1030:Étampes 990:Arpajon 974:Jacques 931:Péronne 894:Genappe 645:tourney 413:, with 403:Germans 255: 243: 229: 209: 205: 192: 172: 168: 153:Spouses 10102:Joseph 9986:Albert 9923:Mary I 9764:John I 9101:Events 8987:Arnold 8882: 8753: 8743: 8711: 8703: 8693: 8651: 8641: 8601: 8576: 8568: 8560: 8539: 8506: 8498: 8473:286114 8471: 8442: 8434: 8409: 8401: 8393: 8347: 8314: 8306: 8298: 8268: 8260: 8252: 8231: 8202: 8194: 8186: 8165: 8157: 8128: 8120: 8112: 8091: 8040: 8021: 8004: 7994: 7977: 7967: 7948: 7931: 7921: 7904: 7894: 7877: 7867: 7844: 7825: 7805: 7795: 7776: 7754: 7744: 7727: 7717: 7698: 7678: 7668: 7639: 7620: 7601: 7582: 7556: 7539: 7529: 7504: 7494: 7470: 7442: 7417: 7407: 7390: 7380: 7361: 7342: 7323: 7301: 7277: 7267: 7250: 7240: 7223: 7213: 7194: 7175: 7158: 7148: 7131: 7121: 7102: 7085: 7075: 7056: 7039: 7029: 7010: 6993: 6983: 6964: 6945: 6928: 6918: 6901: 6891: 6869: 6859: 6837: 6820: 6810: 6790: 6780: 2603:Philip 2597:, and 2542:masses 2493:Burial 2358:Poland 2347:Moudon 2151:Colmar 1957:) and 1890:and a 1870:, the 1856:Gideon 1830:Caesar 1766:by an 1659:, the 1651:, 1473 1548:Papacy 1425:Beaune 1268:Alsace 1227:, and 1225:Arnhem 1202:Arnold 1164:, now 1162:Aachen 1106:London 927:Amiens 884:, 1905 705:Chinon 638:, 1447 540:Bruges 536:plague 532:Talant 314:Mother 304:Father 249: 223: 215: 186: 178: 141:Burial 10239:Henri 9845:Jobst 9049:Dukes 8884:Died: 8877:Born: 8673:. 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